{ "schemaVersion": 1, "robots": [ { "id": "richards-reffell-eric-1928", "name": "Eric", "maker": "W. H. Richards and A. H. Reffell", "makerId": "w-h-richards", "country": "United Kingdom", "year": 1928, "date": "1928-09-20", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Build cost reported as 140 pounds sterling (not a sale price)", "hands": "none", "firsts": "Britain's first robot.", "deployments": "Toured the US, including New York in 1929, then disappeared; a rebuilt Eric is in the Science Museum collection.", "summary": "A robot that opened the 1928 Model Engineers exhibition in London with a short speech, sitting, standing and bowing while two operators controlled it and a voice was relayed by radio. It wore 'R.U.R.' on its chest; the Science Museum rebuilt it in 2016.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-baee73ec66" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "1928-09-20", "event": "Opened the Model Engineering Exhibition (Society of Model Engineers), Royal Horticultural Hall, London, with a four-minute speech", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "one-off showpiece, remote-controlled; toured the US in 1929" }, "components": { "actuators": "Electric motors, cables and electromagnets: period reports describe a 12-volt motor in the foot box, another motor driving a fibre roller, and electromagnets with steel springs pulling pulleys whose cables worked levers for the arms and head; a platform motor turned pulleys in the knees to raise and lower the figure, with counterweights in the legs. The Science Museum's catalogue entry credits the original with 13 electric motors.", "hands": "No working hands; the arms could be raised and lowered by the cable-and-lever mechanism.", "sensors": "Eyes were white light bulbs with painted pupils; Richards talked of adding selenium-cell eyes, but there is no confirmation this was built.", "battery": "Battery powered according to 1929 press: six 6-volt Exide batteries plus 48-volt battery sets for other mechanisms. Richards claimed 12 V for movement and 35,000 V for the speech effect, which threw blue sparks from its teeth (maker claim, unverified).", "materials": "Aluminium outer shell styled like a suit of armour; Richards said it also used copper, steel, wiring and dynamos, with roughly three miles of wire inside. About six feet tall and about 140 lb, per period reports. Built for about 140 pounds sterling.", "software": "No computer. Two operators controlled it; the voice was said to arrive live by radio, and Richards claimed a Marconi licence. It answered a fixed set of roughly 50-60 prepared questions, and its control method was kept secret.", "other": "Wore the letters 'R.U.R.' on its chest, a nod to Karel Capek's 1920 play. The 2016 replica by Giles Walker (190 cm tall) is in the Science Museum Group collection, object 2016-339, and was built from drawings published in Model Engineer magazine.", "sources": [ "hs-baee73ec66", "hs-c9fff69d08", "hs-aa88f62d51" ] }, "production": { "built": "1 original (1928); 1 replica built 2015-16", "sold": "Not sold; one-off showpiece", "where": "England (original); London (2016 replica by Giles Walker)", "customers": "Exhibited at the Society of Model Engineers show in London, then toured the US (New York, 1929); replica owned by the Science Museum, London" }, "news": [ { "date": "2016-05", "title": "Science Museum crowdfunds a rebuild of Eric", "summary": "Curator Ben Russell launched a Kickstarter seeking about 35,000 pounds so roboticist Giles Walker could rebuild Eric from archive material.", "publisher": "Vice (Motherboard)", "url": "https://www.vice.com/en/article/the-sad-story-of-eric-the-uks-first-robot-who-was-loved-then-forsaken/" }, { "date": "2016", "title": "Replica Eric enters the Science Museum collection", "summary": "The rebuilt Eric was catalogued as a 2015-16 replica made for the museum's 2017 Robots exhibition.", "publisher": "Science Museum Group", "url": "https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/objects/co8564641/replica-of-eric" } ], "video": { "id": "jbbZtQ-uXIQ", "title": "How to rebuild a robot from the 1920s", "channel": "Science Museum" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/richards-reffell-eric-1928-1.jpg", "author": "Aya Reyad", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eric_the_robot,_Science_Museum_in_London.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 750, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "westinghouse-elektro-1939", "name": "Elektro", "maker": "Westinghouse Electric Corporation", "makerId": "westinghouse", "country": "United States", "year": 1939, "date": "1939", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 213, "weightKg": 120, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "none", "firsts": "One of the earliest and best-documented humanoid robots, built as a crowd attraction for the 1939 New York World's Fair.", "deployments": "Shown at the 1939-40 New York World's Fair; restored and displayed at the Mansfield Memorial Museum, Ohio, where its ownership is now disputed.", "summary": "A 7-foot steel-and-aluminium showpiece built in Mansfield, Ohio, that walked slowly on voice command, played recorded speech of about 700 words and moved its head and arms. It was remote-controlled show machinery rather than an autonomous robot.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-bae0671d3b", "hs-f714527a80", "hs-d02fbcc6d3" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "1939", "event": "Unveiled at Westinghouse headquarters, Pittsburgh, then shown at the New York World's Fair (1939-40)", "url": "https://ohiomagazine.com/travel/article/roadside-ohio-elektro-the-robot" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Electric motors driving a steel gear-and-cam skeleton; could walk on voice command and move its head and arms.", "sensors": "Photoelectric 'eyes' that told red light from green; built from vacuum tubes, photoelectric cells, telephone relays and frequency regulators per the Mansfield Memorial Museum.", "materials": "Aluminium skin over a steel gear, cam and motor skeleton.", "software": "No programmable computer; spoke about 700 words played from a 78-rpm record player.", "other": "About 2.1 m (7 ft) and 120 kg (265 lb); smoked cigarettes and blew up balloons. Built 1937-1938 at Westinghouse's Mansfield, Ohio plant by J.M. Barnett and colleagues; joined by the robot dog Sparko in 1940.", "sources": [ "hs-bae0671d3b", "hs-f714527a80" ] }, "production": { "built": "Original Elektro preserved at Mansfield Memorial Museum; a full-scale replica is also displayed (Mansfield Memorial Museum).", "sold": "Never sold", "where": "United States", "customers": "Displayed at the Mansfield Memorial Museum (Ohio) after 2004; a replica was shown at The Henry Ford in 2013" }, "news": [ { "date": "2004", "title": "Elektro reassembled for museum display", "summary": "The restored robot went on show at the Mansfield Memorial Museum.", "publisher": "Ohio Magazine", "url": "https://ohiomagazine.com/travel/article/roadside-ohio-elektro-the-robot" }, { "date": "1960", "title": "Elektro the Moto-Man Had the Biggest Brain at the 1939 World’s Fair", "summary": "Elektro appeared as S.A.M. Thinko in Sex Kittens Go to College.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/elektro-the-motoman-had-the-biggest-brain-at-the-1939-worlds-fair" }, { "date": "1939", "title": "Elektro debuts at the World's Fair", "summary": "After an unveiling at Westinghouse's Pittsburgh headquarters, Elektro starred at the New York World's Fair.", "publisher": "Ohio Magazine", "url": "https://ohiomagazine.com/travel/article/roadside-ohio-elektro-the-robot" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/westinghouse-elektro-1939.jpg", "author": "Daderot", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Senator_John_Heinz_History_Center_-_IMG_7802.JPG", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Senator_John_Heinz_History_Center_-_IMG_7802.JPG", "article": "Elektro", "w": 479, "h": 640 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/westinghouse.png", "author": "Paul Rand", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Westinghouse_logo_paulrand1959.png", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Westinghouse_logo_paulrand1959.png", "article": "Westinghouse Electric Corporation" } }, { "id": "waseda-wabot-1-1973", "name": "WABOT-1", "maker": "Waseda University (Ichiro Kato lab)", "makerId": "waseda-university", "country": "Japan", "year": 1973, "date": "1973", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Widely described as the world's first full-scale humanoid robot: it walked on two legs, gripped objects and spoke simple Japanese.", "deployments": null, "summary": "Built from 1970 to 1973 by combining Waseda's WL-5 walking legs and WAM-4 arms with vision and hearing, so it could judge distances and talk in simple Japanese. It is displayed in Building 63 on Waseda's Nishi-Waseda campus.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-36adac847b", "hs-f391627e62" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "1973", "event": "Completed at Waseda University, Tokyo", "url": "https://www.waseda.jp/top/en/news/88080" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Leg system was Waseda's WL-5 biped and arm system its WAM-4 arms; the lab booklet does not state the drive type.", "hands": "WAM-4 artificial hands with tactile sensors for gripping and carrying objects.", "sensors": "Artificial eyes and external receptors to judge distance and direction to objects; artificial ears for hearing.", "software": "Separate limb-control, vision and conversation systems; it could converse in simple Japanese through an artificial mouth. Waseda likened its mental ability to a child of about 18 months.", "sources": [ "hs-f391627e62", "hs-36adac847b" ] }, "production": { "built": "1 (research prototype)", "sold": "never sold", "where": "Japan", "customers": "Displayed in Building 63, Nishi-Waseda campus, Waseda University" }, "news": [ { "date": "1973", "title": "WABOT-1 completed", "summary": "Prof. Ichiro Kato's group finished WABOT-1 after a project begun in 1970, combining walking legs, arms, vision and speech.", "publisher": "Waseda University Humanoid Robotics Institute", "url": "https://www.humanoid.waseda.ac.jp/booklet/kato_2.html" } ], "video": { "id": "n0oL1sHAKwE", "title": "Robots of Waseda: WABOT-1", "channel": "Waseda University 早稲田大学" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/waseda-wabot-1-1973.jpg", "author": "Waseda University (Ichiro Kato lab)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.humanoid.waseda.ac.jp/booklet/photo/WABOT-1-1973.jpg", "page": "https://www.humanoid.waseda.ac.jp/booklet/photo/WABOT-1-1973.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 450, "h": 677 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/waseda-university.png", "author": "Waseda University", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waseda_University_Logo.png", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waseda_University_Logo.png", "article": "File:Waseda University Logo.png" } }, { "id": "waseda-wabot-2-1984", "name": "WABOT-2", "maker": "Waseda University (Ichiro Kato lab)", "makerId": "waseda-university", "country": "Japan", "year": 1984, "date": "1984", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 50, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "First robot built to read sheet music and play a keyboard instrument with both hands and feet; Waseda calls it the first milestone towards a 'personal robot'.", "deployments": "Performed at Expo '85 in Tsukuba; in 2026 it was on loan to the National Communication Museum in Melbourne, Australia.", "summary": "A seated musician robot that read ordinary scores with a camera, played an electronic organ with its fingers and feet, and could follow a human singer. Contemporary TV coverage credited it with 50 degrees of movement run by 80 microprocessors.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-36adac847b", "hs-f391627e62", "hs-82f29f5a8f" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "1984", "event": "Completed at Waseda; shown at Expo '85, Tsukuba", "url": "https://www.waseda.jp/top/en/news/88080" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "DC motors with harmonic drives.", "hands": "Five-fingered hands with 14 DoF each.", "sensors": "CCD camera to read ordinary sheet music; potentiometers, DC tachogenerators and rotary encoders on joints; it listened to a human singer to follow them.", "compute": "Distributed Zilog processors: one 16-bit Z8001 for high-level limb control, two Z8002s for mid-level playing control and 50 8-bit Z8094s, one per joint, for motor control.", "battery": "No battery; powered from an external supply.", "materials": "Carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic structure; about 90 kg.", "software": "Unix OS with control code in C and assembly.", "other": "50 DoF in total (hands 14x2, arms 7x2, legs 4x2); played an electronic organ with fingers and feet.", "sources": [ "hs-f391627e62", "hs-36adac847b" ] }, "production": { "built": "1 (research prototype)", "sold": "never sold", "where": "Japan; on loan to Australia's National Communication Museum, Melbourne", "customers": "Shown at Expo '85, Tsukuba; on loan to the National Communication Museum, Melbourne (return expected mid-late 2026, per Waseda)" }, "news": [ { "date": "1985", "title": "WABOT-2 performs at Expo '85 in Tsukuba", "summary": "The keyboard-playing robot was exhibited at the Tsukuba science expo.", "publisher": "Waseda University", "url": "https://www.waseda.jp/top/en/news/88080" }, { "date": "1984", "title": "WABOT-2 completed", "summary": "Kato's lab finished a 'specialist' robot that read scores and played an electronic organ.", "publisher": "Waseda University Humanoid Robotics Institute", "url": "https://www.humanoid.waseda.ac.jp/booklet/kato_2.html" } ], "video": { "id": "Aa9vuQJgbVU", "title": "Robots of Waseda: WABOT-2", "channel": "Waseda University 早稲田大学" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/waseda-wabot-2-1984.jpg", "author": "Waseda University (Ichiro Kato lab)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.humanoid.waseda.ac.jp/booklet/photo/WABOT-2-1984.jpg", "page": "https://www.humanoid.waseda.ac.jp/booklet/photo/WABOT-2-1984.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 450, "h": 626 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/waseda-university.png", "author": "Waseda University", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waseda_University_Logo.png", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waseda_University_Logo.png", "article": "File:Waseda University Logo.png" } }, { "id": "mit-cog-1993", "name": "Cog", "maker": "MIT Humanoid Robotics Group (Rodney Brooks, Lynn Andrea Stein)", "makerId": "mit-humanoid", "country": "United States", "year": 1993, "date": "1993", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "An influential early upper-body humanoid used to study how a robot could learn through embodiment, like an infant.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A fixed upper-torso humanoid with a head, eyes and arms, built at MIT to test 'embodied' learning ideas. Development stopped by 2003 and Cog is now at the MIT Museum.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-80c92d9c05" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "1993", "event": "MIT AI Lab project start (Brooks and Stein AI memo)", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Series elastic actuators in the arms and DC gearmotors in the chest; 22 degrees of freedom (arms 6 each, torso 3, neck 4, eyes 3).", "sensors": "Two cameras per eye (wide and narrow field of view), a three-axis inertial system, load cells in each joint, optical encoders, a tactile sensor array, two microphones, and limit, pressure and thermal sensors.", "battery": "External power supply; fixed on a pedestal (172 cm tall including pedestal).", "materials": "A lab prototype.", "software": "Research goal: a general system that learns links between motor commands and sensory input, as a model of human development.", "sources": [ "hs-80c92d9c05" ] }, "production": { "built": "One.", "sold": "Never sold.", "where": "United States", "customers": "MIT Museum (retired)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2004-01", "title": "Cog transferred to the MIT Museum", "summary": "CSAIL transferred Cog to the MIT Museum in January 2004; it was accessioned late that month and prepared for a traveling exhibition loan.", "publisher": "MIT Museum", "url": "https://web.mit.edu/annualreports/pres04/06.02.pdf" }, { "date": "1994-12-01", "title": "Bringing Up RoboBaby", "summary": "David H. Freedman profiles Cog and Rodney Brooks's approach to developing robot intelligence through bodily experience.", "publisher": "WIRED", "url": "https://www.wired.com/1994/12/cog/" }, { "date": "1993-08", "title": "Building Brains for Bodies", "summary": "Rodney Brooks and Lynn Andrea Stein propose an integrated embodied system to investigate human cognition at the MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory.", "publisher": "MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory", "url": "https://dspace.mit.edu/entities/publication/16307d0b-7b9d-470f-8e20-a944f9d6a232" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/mit-cog-1993.jpg", "author": "Rama", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0 fr", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/fr/deed.en", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cog-IMG_5995-gradient.jpg", "article": "Cog (project)", "w": 640, "h": 640 } }, { "id": "vanderbilt-isac-1994", "name": "ISAC (Intelligent Soft Arm Control)", "maker": "Vanderbilt University Center for Intelligent Systems (Kazuhiko Kawamura)", "makerId": "vanderbilt-university-center", "country": "United States", "year": 1994, "date": "1994-03", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "care" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "One of the first humanoids driven by McKibben pneumatic artificial muscles, used for long-running human-robot interaction and cognitive-control research.", "deployments": null, "summary": "Upper-body humanoid that began as a robotic feeding aid for people with disabilities (presented in 1994) and grew into an HRI test bed with two 6-DoF arms actuated by McKibben artificial muscles and a pan-tilt head with stereo colour cameras, plus microphones and infrared sensors. The exact date the two-arm humanoid form was completed is not stated in the sources.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-f30fd56959", "hs-8d9edaf621", "hs-ca09101d16" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "1994-03", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/vanderbilt-isac-1994.jpg", "author": "Vanderbilt University Center for Intelligent Systems (Kazuhiko Kawamura)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://cdn.vanderbilt.edu/vu-sub/wp-content/uploads/sites/282/2024/11/15193348/ISAC.jpg", "page": "https://cdn.vanderbilt.edu/vu-sub/wp-content/uploads/sites/282/2024/11/15193348/ISAC.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 250, "h": 233 } }, { "id": "u-tokyo-saika-1996", "name": "Saika", "maker": "University of Tokyo (Inoue-Inaba lab)", "makerId": "university-of-tokyo", "country": "Japan", "year": 1996, "date": "1996", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": 8, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "about US$8,000 development cost (not sold)", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Showed that a light, low-cost humanoid upper body (about 8 kg and about US$8,000 to develop) could do dynamic tasks like ball hitting and catching.", "deployments": null, "summary": "Upper-body humanoid with a torso, a 2-DoF neck, two 5-DoF arms and a head with a 2-DoF binocular camera arrangement and two ears, plus an 8-DoF three-fingered hand with 87 touch sensors. It was used to study catching thrown balls, groping for unknown objects and learning arm dynamics.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-217aea5a60" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "1996", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" } }, { "id": "honda-p1-1996", "name": "P1", "maker": "Honda", "makerId": "honda", "country": "Japan", "year": 1996, "date": "1996-12", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 191.5, "weightKg": 175, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Honda's first full humanoid prototype (legs plus torso and arms), completed in 1993 and kept secret until 1996.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 1.9 m, 175 kg prototype that ran on external power and an external computer. It was used to study coordinated arm and leg actions such as flipping switches, grabbing door knobs and carrying objects.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-519f901798" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "1996-12", "event": "Disclosed by Honda alongside P2 (P1 completed 1993)", "url": "https://global.honda/en/ASIMO/history/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "compute": "No on-board computer; P1 was run from an external computer.", "battery": "P1 used an external power source and external computer (Honda, History of robotics development).", "other": "30 degrees of freedom; 191.5 cm and 175 kg; could carry about 5 kg per hand and walk at 2 km/h. Used to study coordinated arm and leg work such as flipping switches, grabbing door knobs and carrying objects.", "sources": [ "hs-519f901798" ] }, "production": { "built": "One prototype (Honda describes a single P1)", "where": "Japan (Honda R&D only)" }, "news": [ { "date": "1996-12", "title": "P1 revealed alongside P2", "summary": "Honda disclosed its secret humanoid programme, including the 1993 P1 prototype, when it announced P2.", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda_P_series" }, { "date": "1993", "title": "P1 completed in secret", "summary": "Honda finished its first full humanoid prototype with legs, torso and arms and kept it private.", "publisher": "Honda", "url": "https://global.honda/en/ASIMO/history/" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/honda-p1-1996.jpg", "author": "Morio", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Honda_P1_front_Honda_Collection_Hall.jpg", "article": "File:Honda P1 front Honda Collection Hall.jpg", "w": 342, "h": 640 } }, { "id": "honda-p2-1996", "name": "P2", "maker": "Honda", "makerId": "honda", "country": "Japan", "year": 1996, "date": "1996-12", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 182, "weightKg": 210, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "First self-contained (untethered) two-legged humanoid robot: computer, batteries and motor drives were all inside the body.", "deployments": null, "summary": "Honda's surprise December 1996 reveal: a 1.82 m, 210 kg walking humanoid that could climb stairs and push a cart without any cable.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-519f901798" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "1996-12", "event": "Honda announcement, Japan", "url": "https://global.honda/en/ASIMO/history/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "compute": "Computers, motor drives and wireless equipment were all carried in the torso, the first time Honda made a walking humanoid self-contained.", "battery": "Batteries carried inside the torso for wireless operation (Honda, History of robotics development).", "other": "30 degrees of freedom; 182 cm and 210 kg; about 2 kg payload per hand; walked at 2 km/h, climbed stairs and pushed carts without a cable.", "sources": [ "hs-519f901798" ] }, "production": { "where": "Japan (Honda R&D only)" }, "news": [ { "date": "1996-12", "title": "Honda stuns robotics world with P2", "summary": "Honda announced P2, the first self-contained, wireless two-legged humanoid walker.", "publisher": "Honda", "url": "https://global.honda/en/ASIMO/history/" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/honda-p2-1996.jpg", "author": "Morio", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Honda_P2_front_Honda_Collection_Hall.jpg", "article": "File:Honda P2 front Honda Collection Hall.jpg", "w": 333, "h": 640 } }, { "id": "waseda-hadaly-2-1997", "name": "Hadaly-2", "maker": "Waseda University (Humanoid Project)", "makerId": "waseda-university", "country": "Japan", "year": 1997, "date": "1997", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "social" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "An interactive humanoid with a small head, two arms with large claw-like hands and a torso on a two-wheeled trolley, built in Waseda's humanoid project alongside WABIAN to study how robots and people communicate. It reacted in a human way, for example squinting, blinking and turning away when a light was shone in its eyes.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-d283a721dd", "hs-81750d5dc1" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "1997", "event": "Listed as a 1997 robot in Waseda lab material", "url": "https://archive.iar.kit.edu/workshops/humanoids2004/Takanishi.pdf" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/waseda-university.png", "author": "Waseda University", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waseda_University_Logo.png", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waseda_University_Logo.png", "article": "File:Waseda University Logo.png" } }, { "id": "nasa-robonaut-1-1997", "name": "Robonaut 1", "maker": "NASA Johnson Space Center with DARPA", "makerId": "nasa-johnson-space-center", "country": "United States", "year": 1997, "date": "1997", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "space", "research" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 43, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Its developers describe it as the first humanoid robot designed for space work, with five-fingered hands sized like a suited astronaut's.", "deployments": "Ground testbed only; later units were put on a Segway base (2003) and the Centaur wheeled base (2006).", "summary": "A human-scale upper-body robot built to use the same tools and handrails as spacewalking astronauts, mostly by teleoperation. Its results fed directly into Robonaut 2.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-5cd505dac0", "hs-8e046156f8", "hs-bca0c8591e", "hs-e26ef2f8a3" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "1997", "event": "NASA JSC and DARPA begin the project (exact first public demo date not confirmed)", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "software": "Autonomous assistant behaviours that hand over and accept tools by reading body language, using a vision-based range silhouette-matching method to track the person and estimate tool pose (Diftler et al., 2003).", "other": "Human-scale, anthropomorphic upper body built with DARPA to work with tools and interfaces designed for space-suited astronauts (tether hooks, connectors, soldering). Variants R1A and R1B (portable, 2002) were paired with different lower bodies: a Zero-G leg for handrails, a two-wheeled Segway-based mobility platform (2003) and the four-wheeled Centaur 1 (2006).", "sources": [ "hs-b23f1e9a14", "hs-bca0c8591e", "hs-8e046156f8" ] }, "production": { "built": "R1A and R1B prototypes, with later R1C development (NASA).", "sold": "Never sold", "where": "United States (NASA Johnson Space Center); never flew to space" }, "news": [ { "date": "2007", "title": "GM and NASA sign agreement to develop the next Robonaut", "summary": "NASA's history records that a Space Act Agreement signed in 2007 allowed GM and NASA to pool resources for the next-generation Robonaut.", "publisher": "NASA", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/robonaut2_508.pdf" }, { "date": "2003", "title": "Robonaut 1B integrated with a Segway base", "summary": "NASA's development history dates Robonaut 1B's Segway integration to 2003.", "publisher": "NASA", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20120016236/downloads/20120016236.pdf" }, { "date": "1997", "title": "NASA and DARPA start Robonaut", "summary": "Johnson Space Center engineers began a humanoid able to use astronaut tools.", "publisher": "Tech Briefs", "url": "https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/32684-robots-spur-software-that-lends-a-hand" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/nasa-robonaut-1-1997.jpg", "author": "NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://images.nasa.gov/details/jsc2004e16339", "page": "https://images.nasa.gov/details/jsc2004e16339", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 750 } }, { "id": "waseda-wabian-1997", "name": "WABIAN", "maker": "Waseda University", "makerId": "waseda-university", "country": "Japan", "year": 1997, "date": "1997", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "The first of Waseda's WABIAN walking humanoids, used to study smooth human-like walking, turning and carrying objects. Waseda's own 2000 booklet dates it to both 1995 and 1997, so the year is uncertain.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-f78a9a635f", "hs-36adac847b" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "1997", "event": "Waseda University (booklet also lists 1995)", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "other": "A series of walking humanoids from Prof. Atsuo Takanishi's lab studying human-like biped walking, turning and carrying objects; detailed specs were not found in sources opened.", "sources": [ "hs-36adac847b", "hs-f78a9a635f" ] }, "production": { "built": "research prototypes (series)", "sold": "never sold", "where": "Japan" }, "news": [ { "date": "1997", "title": "WABIAN biped shown", "summary": "Waseda's 2000 booklet cites WABIAN in 1997 (its activity list also gives 1995).", "publisher": "Waseda University", "url": "https://www.humanoid.waseda.ac.jp/booklet/booklet2000.html" } ], "video": { "id": "E9PyANzjeoY", "title": "JAPAN: SCIENTISTS BUILD WABIAN - WORLD'S FIRST DANCING ROBOT", "channel": "AP Archive" }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/waseda-university.png", "author": "Waseda University", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waseda_University_Logo.png", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waseda_University_Logo.png", "article": "File:Waseda University Logo.png" } }, { "id": "honda-p3-1997", "name": "P3", "maker": "Honda", "makerId": "honda", "country": "Japan", "year": 1997, "date": "1997-09", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 160, "weightKg": 130, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "AIST's HRP-1 (1998) research platform in Japan's Humanoid Robotics Project was based on this robot.", "summary": "A smaller, lighter (1.6 m, 130 kg) self-contained walker built with new materials and distributed control; the direct step before ASIMO.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-519f901798" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "1997-09", "event": "Completed and announced by Honda", "url": "https://global.honda/en/ASIMO/history/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "compute": "Distributed control system incorporated to reduce size and weight (Honda).", "battery": "Operating time doubled relative to P2 (Hirai, 1999).", "materials": "Honda reviewed component materials and adopted a distributed control design to cut weight to 130 kg (from 210 kg on P2).", "other": "28 degrees of freedom; 160 cm and 130 kg; walked at 2 km/h; about 1 kg carrying load or 10 kg pushed on a cart.", "sources": [ "hs-519f901798" ] }, "production": { "where": "Japan (Honda R&D only)" }, "news": [ { "date": "1997-09", "title": "P3 completed", "summary": "Honda completed P3, a smaller and lighter fully independent humanoid aimed at everyday environments.", "publisher": "Honda", "url": "https://global.honda/en/ASIMO/history/" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/honda-p3-1997.jpg", "author": "Morio", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Honda_P3_Fan_Fun_Lab.jpg", "article": "File:Honda P3 Fan Fun Lab.jpg", "w": 343, "h": 640 } }, { "id": "unibw-hermes-1997", "name": "HERMES", "maker": "Bundeswehr University Munich (Institute of Measurement Science, Volker Graefe and Rainer Bischoff)", "makerId": "bundeswehr-university-munich", "country": "Germany", "year": 1997, "date": "1997-12", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "home" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": 250, "dof": 22, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "One of the earliest humanoid service robots tested long-term with the public: it ran in a museum for more than six months, up to 18 hours a day, operated by non-experts.", "deployments": "Ran in a museum for more than six months of daily public interaction, as reported in the team's ISER 2002 chapter.", "summary": "A two-armed humanoid service robot with a bendable upper body, a 6-DoF stereo camera head and a four-wheel omnidirectional base, built from 25 drive modules (22 degrees of freedom) and measuring 185 x 70 x 70 cm at 250 kg. It could talk with untrained people in English, French and German and fetch objects.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-072c2a7519", "hs-02d2fec589", "hs-e92c980b32" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "1997-12", "event": "Paper 'HERMES - A Humanoid Mobile Manipulator for Service Tasks', Canberra, December 1997 (earliest dated source found)", "url": "https://www.unibw.de/robotics-en/publications" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" } }, { "id": "kit-armar-i-2000", "name": "ARMAR-I", "maker": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (H2T, Tamim Asfour)", "makerId": "karlsruhe-institute-of", "country": "Germany", "year": 2000, "date": "2000", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "home" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 25, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "The first of Karlsruhe's ARMAR household humanoids: an upper body with two arms on a wheel-driven platform.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-9e343cd73e" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2000", "event": "Karlsruhe research reveal", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "25 mechanical DoF in total: 4 in the body, 7 in each arm, 3 in the head, plus the wheel drive (KIT figures). Motor type not stated.", "hands": "Two simple grippers.", "materials": "Two redundant, human-like 7-DoF arms on an upper body mounted on an autonomous, wheel-driven mobile base.", "other": "Karlsruhe's first humanoid robot; developed within the German Research Foundation (DFG) Collaborative Research Center on Humanoid Robots led by Ruediger Dillmann and Tamim Asfour.", "sources": [ "hs-9e343cd73e" ] }, "production": { "built": "1 (research prototype)", "sold": "Not sold; research robot", "where": "Karlsruhe, Germany" }, "news": [ { "date": "2006", "title": "ARMAR-IIIa succeeds the early ARMARs", "summary": "KIT's ARMAR-IIIa design of 2006 brought 43 DoF, force-torque sensing and a holonomic base.", "publisher": "KIT H2T", "url": "https://h2t.iar.kit.edu/397.php" }, { "date": "2002", "title": "ARMAR-II follows", "summary": "KIT dates the second ARMAR, with 65 cm arms and a stereo camera head, to 2002.", "publisher": "KIT H2T", "url": "https://h2t.iar.kit.edu/397.php" }, { "date": "2000", "title": "Karlsruhe's first humanoid, ARMAR-I", "summary": "KIT built ARMAR-I, a two-armed upper body on a wheeled base with 25 DoF.", "publisher": "KIT H2T", "url": "https://h2t.iar.kit.edu/397.php" } ], "video": { "id": "jmB7zzGPZrE", "title": "ARMAR, the humanoid robot", "channel": "Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kit-armar-i-2000.jpg", "author": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (H2T, High Performance Humanoid Technologies Lab)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://h2t.iar.kit.edu/397.php", "page": "https://h2t.iar.kit.edu/397.php", "kind": "maker", "w": 497, "h": 404 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/karlsruhe-institute-of.png", "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_KIT.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_KIT.svg", "article": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology" } }, { "id": "atr-sarcos-db-2000", "name": "DB (Dynamic Brain)", "maker": "ATR and JST ERATO Kawato Dynamic Brain Project, hardware by SARCOS", "makerId": "osaka-university", "country": "Japan", "year": 2000, "date": "2000", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": 185, "weightKg": 80, "dof": 30, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "none", "firsts": "A hydraulic full-body humanoid used to study how the brain learns movement; it learned a folk dance and tai chi by watching people and juggled balls.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 1.85 m, 80 kg hydraulic humanoid built by SARCOS for Mitsuo Kawato's project (begun October 1996), with 30 degrees of freedom, a head with four cameras and a gyro 'inner ear', and palms without fingers. It was mounted at the pelvis so research could focus on upper-body movement; the earliest dated description found is a 2000 IEEE paper.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-fe972a820a", "hs-39371d4bb1", "hs-ff0d747fa4" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2000", "event": "Earliest dated description found: IEEE Intelligent Systems 2000 paper (project started Oct 1996; TIME later said it was completed in 2001)", "url": "https://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/svijayak/publications/atkeson-IntSys2000.pdf" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/atr-sarcos-db-2000.jpg", "author": "Osaka University", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/19990827182053/http://www.erato.atr.co.jp:80/DB/", "page": "https://web.archive.org/web/19990827182053/http://www.erato.atr.co.jp:80/DB/", "kind": "maker", "w": 340, "h": 484 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/osaka-university.png", "author": "ATR", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ATR_logo_2015.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ATR_logo_2015.svg", "article": "File:ATR logo 2015.svg" } }, { "id": "kitano-pino-2000", "name": "PINO", "maker": "JST ERATO Kitano Symbiotic Systems Project (later licensed to ZMP)", "makerId": "jst-erato-kitano-symbiotic-systems-project", "country": "Japan", "year": 2000, "date": "2000", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 71, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 30000, "priceNote": "About $30,000 when sold by ZMP to universities and labs (2002), with a target of about $20,000", "hands": "none", "firsts": "One of the first humanoids whose hardware and software designs were released openly (OpenPINO, from 2001); it won a 2000 Good Design Award and was exhibited at the Venice Biennale and MoMA.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A child-sized (about 70 cm) biped built from 26 inexpensive hobby servos from Hiroaki Kitano's ERATO project, that learned to walk with a genetic algorithm because its cheap motors lacked torque for a standard gait. ZMP later sold commercial versions to research institutes.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-cbd41e917c", "hs-7d5ae93a43", "hs-a527525a08" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2000", "event": "Exhibited in 2000 (Good Design Award and Venice Biennale invitation); research period 1999-2001", "url": "https://symbio.sbi.jp/symbio/PINO.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/kitano-pino-2000-1.jpg", "author": "Motokoka", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Robot%22PINO%22,_TSUKUBA_EXPO_CENTER.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 1000, "h": 667 } }, { "id": "university-of-tokyo-kawada-h6-1999", "name": "H6", "maker": "University of Tokyo JSK Lab, built by Kawada Industries", "makerId": "university-of-tokyo-jsk-lab", "country": "Japan", "year": 2000, "date": "2000-06", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A research humanoid that Kawada built on commission from the University of Tokyo; the job led Kawada into the robotics business and on to the HRP series.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-01d61c91ca" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2000-06", "event": "First prototype completed at the University of Tokyo JSK lab (Kawada contract dated 1999)", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "DC motors with Harmonic Drive gearing on all major joints; 35 DoF in total (6 per leg, 1 toe joint per foot, 7 per arm, 1 per gripper, 2 neck, 3 eyes), per the JSK lab page.", "hands": "Simple one-DoF gripper on each arm.", "sensors": "Active stereo-style vision head with 3 DoF for the eyes, used for on-board 3D vision (depth flow, plane finding, 3D model matching); the lab page does not name the camera or force-sensor hardware.", "compute": "On-board PC with dual Pentium III 750 MHz processors; wireless Ethernet link.", "battery": "On-board batteries weighing 4 kg (included in the 55 kg total); capacity and runtime not published. Described as fully self-contained.", "materials": "137 cm tall, 59 cm wide, 55 kg; frame materials not stated.", "software": "RT-Linux real-time OS; real-time servo and balance control, online dynamic walking-pattern generation, 3D vision, motion planning and graphical simulation (the lab's work led to the Z-DYNAFORM dynamics library).", "other": "Built by Kawada Industries on commission for the University of Tokyo's Inoue-Inaba (JSK) lab; Kawada says the job started its robotics business.", "sources": [ "hs-01d61c91ca", "hs-e8d9d673f5" ] }, "production": { "built": "Prototype completed June 2000 (lab figure); unit count not stated", "sold": "Not sold; research robot", "where": "Kawada Industries, Japan (contract build)", "customers": "University of Tokyo JSK lab" }, "news": [ { "date": "2002", "title": "Kawada's work leads on to HRP-2 Promet", "summary": "Kawada announced HRP-2 Promet as the final product of a METI humanoid project and began offering it to research institutes.", "publisher": "Kawada Robotics", "url": "https://kawadarobot.co.jp/en/history" }, { "date": "2000", "title": "H6 design presented at IROS 2000", "summary": "Nishiwaki, Sugihara, Kagami, Kanehiro, Inaba and Inoue described H6 as a platform for integrating perception and action.", "publisher": "Crossref (IEEE IROS 2000 record)", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works?query.bibliographic=Design+and+development+of+research+platform+for+perception-action+integration+in+humanoid+robot+H6&rows=3&select=title,DOI,issued,container-title,abstract,author" }, { "date": "1999", "title": "Kawada builds H6 under contract", "summary": "Kawada Industries built H6 on commission from the University of Tokyo, which it cites as the start of its robot business.", "publisher": "Kawada Robotics", "url": "https://kawadarobot.co.jp/en/history" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/university-of-tokyo-kawada-h6-1999.jpg", "author": "JSK Laboratory, University of Tokyo", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.jsk.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/research/h6/index.html", "page": "https://www.jsk.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/research/h6/index.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 567, "h": 425 } }, { "id": "honda-asimo-2000", "name": "ASIMO", "maker": "Honda", "makerId": "honda", "country": "Japan", "year": 2000, "date": "2000-11-20", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 120, "weightKg": 43, "dof": 26, "speedKmh": 1.6, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Became the world's best-known humanoid; inducted into Carnegie Mellon's Robot Hall of Fame in 2004 for showing human-like mobility.", "deployments": "Leased to companies for receptions and events, and performed for the public at Honda showrooms and Tokyo's Miraikan until March 2022.", "summary": "A child-height (120 cm) walker with Honda's smoother 'i-WALK' gait that could handle ordinary stairs and slopes. Honda chose the height so it could reach light switches, door knobs and table tops.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-2b47b0efd6", "hs-519f901798" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2000-11-20", "event": "Honda launch, Tokyo", "url": "https://global.honda/en/newsroom/news/2000/c001120b-eng.html" }, "released": { "date": "2001", "note": "never sold; Honda began renting ASIMO to companies in 2001 (Honda history page)" }, "components": { "actuators": "Each joint uses a servomotor, a harmonic speed reducer and a drive control unit (Honda 2000 release); 26 degrees of freedom in total (head 2, arms 10, hands 2, legs 12).", "hands": "1 degree of freedom per hand (simple grippers).", "sensors": "Six-axis force sensor in each foot; gyroscope and acceleration sensor in the torso.", "compute": "On-board walking/operation control unit and a wireless transmission unit; operated from a workstation or a portable controller.", "battery": "38.4 V, 10 Ah nickel-metal-hydride power supply (Honda, 2000).", "materials": "Redesigned skeletal frame with thinner walls to save weight (Honda 2000 release).", "software": "Honda i-WALK predictive walking control, which lets ASIMO turn smoothly without stopping.", "other": "First of the ASIMO line; rentals to businesses began in 2001 according to Honda's history page.", "sources": [ "hs-2b47b0efd6", "hs-519f901798" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Never sold; offered for rental to companies from 2001 (Honda)", "where": "Japan, with appearances worldwide" }, "news": [ { "date": "2001", "title": "ASIMO rental service begins", "summary": "Honda began renting ASIMO to companies for events and receptions.", "publisher": "Honda", "url": "https://global.honda/en/ASIMO/history/" }, { "date": "2000-11-20", "title": "Honda launches ASIMO", "summary": "Honda unveiled ASIMO, a 120 cm humanoid with its new i-WALK walking technology.", "publisher": "Honda", "url": "https://global.honda/en/newsroom/news/2000/c001120b-eng.html" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/honda-asimo-2000.jpg", "author": "Honda Motor Co., Ltd.", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://global.honda/en/newsroom/news/2000/c001120b-eng.html", "page": "https://global.honda/en/newsroom/news/2000/c001120b-eng.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 823, "h": 900 } }, { "id": "sony-sdr-3x-2000", "name": "SDR-3X", "maker": "Sony (Digital Creatures Laboratory)", "makerId": "sony", "country": "Japan", "year": 2000, "date": "2000-11-21", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "entertainment", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 50, "weightKg": null, "dof": 24, "speedKmh": 0.9, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "none", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Sony's first public small bipedal 'Sony Dream Robot' prototype, about half a metre tall with 24 motors; it danced, balanced on one leg and kicked a chosen ball into a goal. Speed is the reported 15 m per minute converted.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-729b63066e", "hs-bea7d629ce", "hs-0521f7d590" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2000-11-21", "event": "Sony announcement; performed at the ROBODEX 2000 press preview (23 Nov), Pacifico Yokohama", "url": "https://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/article/20001124/robodex.htm" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Sony's ISA (Intelligent Servo Actuator) joint modules; 24 degrees of freedom (per the SDR-4X comparison in PC Watch).", "software": "Whole Body Cooperative Dynamic Motion Control for dynamic performances such as dancing.", "other": "About 50 cm tall; performed on stage to violin music at ROBODEX 2000. The SDR project was started in 1997 by Yoshihiro Kuroki.", "sources": [ "hs-0521f7d590", "hs-729b63066e", "hs-fe8c2ceea2" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Never sold", "where": "Japan" }, "news": [ { "date": "2000-11-23", "title": "SDR-3X dances at ROBODEX 2000", "summary": "Sony's 50 cm biped performed at the ROBODEX 2000 press preview in Yokohama.", "publisher": "PC Watch (Impress)", "url": "https://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/article/20001124/robodex.htm" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/sony-sdr-3x-2000.jpg", "author": "Sony (Digital Creatures Laboratory)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.sony.com/en/SonyInfo/News/Press/200011/ithc98000001anrt-img/SDR-3X.jpg", "page": "https://www.sony.com/en/SonyInfo/News/Press/200011/ithc98000001anrt-img/SDR-3X.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 344, "h": 202 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/sony.png", "author": "Sony Corporation", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Sony_Corporation_(make.believe).svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Sony_Corporation_(make.believe).svg", "article": "File:Logo of the Sony Corporation (make.believe).svg" } }, { "id": "nudt-xianxingzhe-2000", "name": "Xianxingzhe (Pioneer)", "maker": "National University of Defense Technology (NUDT)", "makerId": "national-university-of-defense", "country": "China", "year": 2000, "date": "2000-11-29", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 140, "weightKg": 20, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "none", "firsts": "Described as China's first bipedal humanoid robot.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 1.4 m, 20 kg biped from China's military technology university that walked at two steps per second; it later became an internet meme in Japan under the name 'Senkousha'.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-c3fea5cb8e", "hs-c977ef6270" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2000-11-29", "event": "First public appearance at NUDT in Changsha on November 29, 2000 (China News Service, November 30, 2000).", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "sensors": "Visual sensors are mentioned in development history (work on coordinating hands, 'nervous system' and vision from 1989); no hardware detail found.", "materials": "1.4 m tall and 20 kg; walked at about two steps per second.", "other": "Development traced back to the 1980s after the team saw Japanese and US robots at Expo '85 in Tsukuba. In 2001 a Japanese parody site turned it into the 'Senkousha' meme, which spread through anime, games and fan works.", "sources": [ "hs-c3fea5cb8e", "hs-c977ef6270" ] }, "production": { "built": "Not stated (research prototype)", "sold": "Not sold; research robot", "where": "National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China" }, "news": [ { "date": "2001-07-30", "title": "Samurai Damashii creator discusses Xianxingzhe parody's popularity", "summary": "In an interview, Samurai Damashii's creator discussed the robot parody and reported peak traffic of 200,000 hits a day to its Xianxingzhe page.", "publisher": "INTERNET Watch (Impress)", "url": "https://internet.watch.impress.co.jp/www/article/2001/0730/megahit.htm" }, { "date": "2000-11-29", "title": "China's first humanoid robot publicly debuts", "summary": "China News Service reported Xianxingzhe's first public appearance at NUDT in Changsha on November 29, 2000.", "publisher": "China News Service", "url": "https://www.chinanews.com/2000-11-30/26/58714.html" } ] }, { "id": "utokyo-jsk-h7-2001", "name": "H7", "maker": "University of Tokyo JSK Lab (Inoue-Inaba Lab), built with Kawada Industries", "makerId": "university-of-tokyo-jsk-lab", "country": "Japan", "year": 2001, "date": "2001", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A full-size biped research humanoid completed in 2001 at the end of a five-year project begun in 1996, used by the JSK lab for whole-body sensing, collision checking and vision-guided walking. It followed H6 (already listed), and Kawada used the know-how from both in its isamu robot; official height and weight were not found on the lab page.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-5e5ace56fe" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2001", "event": "Completed in 2001 per JSK lab page", "url": "https://www.jsk.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/research/h7/index-j.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/utokyo-jsk-h7-2001.jpg", "author": "JSK Laboratory, University of Tokyo", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.jsk.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/research/h7/index-j.html", "page": "https://www.jsk.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/research/h7/index-j.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 556, "h": 740 } }, { "id": "utokyo-jsk-kenta-2001", "name": "Kenta", "maker": "University of Tokyo JSK Lab (Ikuo Mizuuchi, Masayuki Inaba, Hirochika Inoue)", "makerId": "university-of-tokyo-jsk-lab", "country": "Japan", "year": 2001, "date": "2001", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "An early whole-body tendon-driven humanoid with a flexible, many-jointed spine; its ICRA 2003 paper was a best-paper finalist.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A tendon-driven humanoid whose torso bends through a multi-joint spine like a person's, built to study adjustable stiffness and posture. First described at ISRR 2001 and detailed at IROS 2002, it began the JSK line of spined musculoskeletal humanoids followed by Kenji, Kotaro, Kojiro, Kenshiro and Kengoro.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-5dd74224a4", "hs-9fe47a46a6", "hs-4b2932397a" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2001", "event": "'Building Spined Muscle-Tendon Humanoid', ISRR 2001", "url": "https://dblp.uni-trier.de/pid/64/838.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/utokyo-jsk-kenta-2001.jpg", "author": "JSK Laboratory, University of Tokyo", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://mizuuchi.lab.tuat.ac.jp/~ikuo/", "page": "https://mizuuchi.lab.tuat.ac.jp/~ikuo/", "kind": "maker", "w": 525, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "atr-robovie-2001", "name": "Robovie", "maker": "ATR (Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International), Hiroshi Ishiguro's group", "makerId": "osaka-university", "country": "Japan", "year": 2001, "date": "2001", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "social" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 125000, "priceNote": "About $125,000 including image processing system (2001 report)", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "One of the first humanoids built specifically to study everyday communication between robots and people, with gestures, gaze and speech.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A human-like torso with a head, two arms and sensors in the head, arms and chest on a wheeled base, developed at ATR from 1999. It was used in early field studies of social robots, for example showing that its gestures helped people follow spoken route directions; it began the Robovie line that later included Robovie-R Ver.3.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-188af219fd", "hs-5b0cef6cb0", "hs-431b166662" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2001", "event": "Earliest dated public sources: 2001 Industrial Robot paper and news report (development began 1999)", "url": "https://emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/01439910110410051/full/html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/atr-robovie-2001.jpg", "author": "ATR (Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International), Hiroshi Ishiguro's group", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://results.atr.jp/atrj/ATRJ_15th/20/image/fig_06_1.jpg", "page": "https://results.atr.jp/atrj/ATRJ_15th/20/image/fig_06_1.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 182, "h": 200 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/osaka-university.png", "author": "ATR", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ATR_logo_2015.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ATR_logo_2015.svg", "article": "File:ATR logo 2015.svg" } }, { "id": "kawada-isamu-2001", "name": "isamu", "maker": "Kawada Industries", "makerId": "kawada-industries", "country": "Japan", "year": 2001, "date": "2001", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Kawada's first in-house humanoid robot.", "deployments": null, "summary": "Kawada's first humanoid developed in-house, built between its University of Tokyo work and the government HRP-2 project.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-01d61c91ca" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2001", "event": "Kawada Industries reveal", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "hands": "Could grasp objects up to 2 kg (per Industrial Robot, 2001).", "materials": "About 1.5 m tall and 55 kg.", "software": "Walking speed up to 2 km/h was set by joystick; the 2001 report says it did not walk fully autonomously. Intended for research on human-interactive motion control.", "other": "Could climb and descend steps up to 25 cm high. Developed by Kawada Industries with the University of Tokyo's Inoue-Inaba lab.", "sources": [ "hs-01d61c91ca", "hs-55d1f9061b" ] }, "production": { "built": "Not stated", "sold": "Not sold; research robot", "where": "Kawada Industries, Japan" }, "news": [ { "date": "2002", "title": "Kawada unveils HRP-2 Promet", "summary": "A year after isamu, Kawada announced HRP-2 Promet for research institutes in Japan and abroad.", "publisher": "Kawada Robotics", "url": "https://kawadarobot.co.jp/en/history" }, { "date": "2001-12", "title": "Trade journal profiles isamu", "summary": "Industrial Robot described the 1.5 m, 55 kg robot, its joystick-driven walking and its 25 cm step climbing.", "publisher": "Emerald (Industrial Robot)", "url": "https://www.emerald.com/ir/article/185422" }, { "date": "2001", "title": "Kawada announces its first in-house humanoid", "summary": "Kawada introduced isamu, built on technology accumulated since its H6 contract work.", "publisher": "Kawada Robotics", "url": "https://kawadarobot.co.jp/en/history" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kawada-isamu-2001.jpg", "author": "Kawada Industries (robot business now Kawada Robotics Corporation)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.kawadarobot.co.jp/en/history", "page": "https://www.kawadarobot.co.jp/en/history", "kind": "maker", "w": 628, "h": 488 } }, { "id": "fujitsu-hoap-1-2001", "name": "HOAP-1", "maker": "Fujitsu Automation / Fujitsu Laboratories", "makerId": "fujitsu", "country": "Japan", "year": 2001, "date": "2001-09-10", "status": "discontinued", "purpose": [ "research", "education" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 48, "weightKg": 6, "dof": 20, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 41000, "priceNote": "about 5 million yen (roughly US$41,000-41,400 in press reports); Fujitsu listed price as 'open'", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "One of the first humanoid robots sold off the shelf to researchers, with an open interface running on RT-Linux. Included despite its small size because of that.", "deployments": "Sold in Japan from September 2001 with a target of 100 units in three years; followed by HOAP-2 and HOAP-3.", "summary": "A 48 cm, 6 kg research humanoid whose control interface was published so labs could write their own walking and motion programs, tested first in bundled simulation software.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-932e584156", "hs-c016847bac", "hs-7cba4ab727" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2001-09-10", "event": "Fujitsu press release and launch of sales", "url": "https://info.archives.global.fujitsu/en/news/2001/09/10.html" }, "released": { "date": "2001-09", "note": "sold to research labs in Japan" }, "components": { "actuators": "Internal motors driving 20 degrees of freedom (Fujitsu).", "sensors": "Internal sensors (types not listed in the release).", "compute": "Controlled from an external PC running RT-Linux over USB 1.0 (12 Mbps) linked to the robot's internal network, with a 1 ms control cycle (Fujitsu).", "battery": "External DC 24 V, 6.2 A (150 W) supply; no battery listed (Fujitsu).", "software": "Bundled poser, viewer and simulation software for trial runs before real tests; internal interface published so users write their own control programs (Fujitsu).", "sources": [ "hs-932e584156" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sales target of 100 units in three years (Fujitsu target, not reported sales)", "where": "Japan (domestic sales)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2005-07-05", "title": "HOAP-3 announced with image recognition and communication functions", "summary": "Fujitsu Automation announced HOAP-3, jointly developed with Fujitsu Laboratories, and began accepting orders on 5 July 2005.", "publisher": "ITmedia NEWS", "url": "https://www.itmedia.co.jp/news/article/0507/05/1050705016/" }, { "date": "2003-03-27", "title": "Fujitsu Automation announces the small humanoid robot HOAP-2", "summary": "Fujitsu Automation announced the 7 kg HOAP-2, with 25 joint axes and USB 1.1 connection to an RT-Linux control PC; orders were to begin on 20 April 2003.", "publisher": "ITmedia NEWS", "url": "https://www.itmedia.co.jp/news/0303/27/njbt_03.html" }, { "date": "2001-09-18", "title": "Presented to the Robotics Society of Japan", "summary": "Fujitsu detailed HOAP-1 at the society's meeting at the University of Tokyo.", "publisher": "Fujitsu", "url": "https://info.archives.global.fujitsu/en/news/2001/09/10.html" }, { "date": "2001-09-10", "title": "Fujitsu Automation starts selling HOAP-1", "summary": "Fujitsu announced HOAP-1 and began domestic sales the same day.", "publisher": "Fujitsu", "url": "https://info.archives.global.fujitsu/en/news/2001/09/10.html" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/fujitsu-hoap-1-2001.jpg", "author": "Fujitsu Automation / Fujitsu Laboratories", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://info.archives.global.fujitsu/jp/news/2001/09/10a.jpg", "page": "https://info.archives.global.fujitsu/jp/news/2001/09/10a.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 201, "h": 300 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/fujitsu.png", "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fujitsu-Logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fujitsu-Logo.svg", "article": "Fujitsu" } }, { "id": "kit-armar-ii-2002", "name": "ARMAR-II", "maker": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (H2T, Tamim Asfour)", "makerId": "karlsruhe-institute-of", "country": "Germany", "year": 2002, "date": "2002", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "home" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Second ARMAR humanoid, with two 7-DoF arms on a wheeled platform. KIT dates it 2002.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-9e343cd73e" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2002", "event": "Karlsruhe research reveal", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "4 DoF in the body and 7 DoF in each arm (KIT figures); total DoF and motor type not stated.", "hands": "Simple gripper (KIT lists one simple gripper).", "sensors": "Stereo camera head.", "materials": "Two 7-DoF arms, each 65 cm long and sized to match human arm segments; the upper body could turn about 330 degrees and bend forward, back and sideways, on an autonomous wheel-driven base.", "other": "Part of the DFG Collaborative Research Center on Humanoid Robots at Karlsruhe.", "sources": [ "hs-9e343cd73e" ] }, "production": { "built": "1 (research prototype)", "sold": "Not sold; research robot", "where": "Karlsruhe, Germany" }, "news": [ { "date": "2006", "title": "ARMAR-IIIa replaces ARMAR-II", "summary": "KIT's next design added a 43-DoF body, force-torque sensing and a holonomic platform.", "publisher": "KIT H2T", "url": "https://h2t.iar.kit.edu/397.php" }, { "date": "2002", "title": "Second ARMAR humanoid built", "summary": "KIT dates ARMAR-II, with a stereo head and human-proportioned arms, to 2002.", "publisher": "KIT H2T", "url": "https://h2t.iar.kit.edu/397.php" } ], "video": { "id": "m3Y9iVQHyvg", "title": "Humanoid Robot Armar-II: Object Recognition", "channel": "HumanoidRobots (KIT H2T lab channel)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/kit-armar-ii-2002-1.jpg", "author": "Jiuguang Wang", "license": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ARMAR_II_Anthropomorphic_Service_Robot.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 1000, "h": 666 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/karlsruhe-institute-of.png", "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_KIT.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_KIT.svg", "article": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology" } }, { "id": "msu-dav-2002", "name": "Dav", "maker": "Michigan State University (Juyang Weng, Embodied Intelligence Laboratory)", "makerId": "michigan-state-university", "country": "United States", "year": 2002, "date": "2002", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": 242, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Built as a humanoid body for 'developmental' robotics, where the robot learns tasks online from experience instead of being programmed for each one.", "deployments": null, "summary": "Wheeled humanoid and more sophisticated sibling of MSU's SAIL robot, with pan-capable camera eyes, microphone ears, lips and eyebrows for basic expressions, and multi-jointed sensorised arms and hands on a four-wheel base. It weighed 242 kg and its embedded devices were networked to reduce wiring.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-0c46c04267", "hs-889de4e295", "hs-856f465318" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2002", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/msu-dav-2002.jpg", "author": "Michigan State University", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://cse.msu.edu/~weng/", "page": "https://cse.msu.edu/~weng/", "kind": "maker", "w": 533, "h": 897 } }, { "id": "uq-guroo-2002", "name": "GuRoo", "maker": "University of Queensland Mobile Robotics Laboratory", "makerId": "university-of-queensland-mobile-laboratory", "country": "Australia", "year": 2002, "date": "2002", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 120, "weightKg": null, "dof": 23, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Low-cost full-size Australian biped ('Grossly Underfunded Roo') used for learned joint control and evolved walking gaits; competed in RoboCup.", "deployments": null, "summary": "Autonomous 1.2 m, 23-DoF University of Queensland humanoid used for research on evolved ZMP-stable gaits and biologically inspired joint control (Wyeth et al., 2003; Kee et al., 2004).", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-073f2a461a", "hs-7cf0d1b17d", "hs-62e6fbcfc3" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2002", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" } }, { "id": "aist-kawada-hrp-2-2002", "name": "HRP-2 Promet", "maker": "Kawada Industries and AIST (METI/NEDO Humanoid Robotics Project)", "makerId": "kawada-industries", "country": "Japan", "year": 2002, "date": "2002", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 154, "weightKg": 58, "dof": 30, "speedKmh": 2, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "One of the first humanoids able to lie down on the floor and stand back up by itself; became a widely shared research platform.", "deployments": "Offered by Kawada to research institutes in Japan and abroad from 2002; registered as an important science and technology heritage item by Japan's National Museum of Nature and Science in 2017.", "summary": "A 1.54 m humanoid with no backpack, hip joints and strong arms, built as the final product of Japan's Humanoid Robotics Project. Many labs used it for walking and whole-body motion research.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-11de9d8a90", "hs-01d61c91ca", "hs-7bdf2823be" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2002", "event": "Kawada/AIST announcement (prototype HRP-2P shown earlier)", "url": "https://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/list/latest_research/2002/20020919/20020919.html" }, "released": { "date": "2002", "note": "sold to research institutes by Kawada" }, "components": { "actuators": "30 DC motors, one per joint.", "hands": "1 DoF per hand.", "sensors": "Three cameras (stereo), three-axis gyro and accelerometer, 30 motor encoders, six-axis force sensors in arms and legs.", "compute": "Two CPU boards.", "battery": "48 V, 14.8 Ah nickel-metal hydride pack.", "materials": "154 cm, 58 kg; exterior designed by Yutaka Izubuchi.", "software": "Linux; AIST whole-body motion control that let it lie down and get up from face-up or face-down.", "other": "30 DoF; compact electrical packaging eliminates the backpack (Kawada Robotics).", "sources": [ "hs-11de9d8a90", "hs-7bdf2823be", "hs-01d61c91ca" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Offered to research institutes in Japan and overseas (Kawada)", "where": "Japan and overseas research institutes", "customers": "AIST; University of Tokyo JSK Lab used HRP-2 (JSK news)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2019", "title": "HRP-2 on permanent display in Paris", "summary": "An HRP-2 went on permanent exhibition at the Cité des Sciences et de l'Industrie.", "publisher": "Kawada Robotics Corporation", "url": "https://kawadarobot.co.jp/en/history" }, { "date": "2017", "title": "HRP-2 named a national historical technology item", "summary": "HRP-2 Promet was registered as an Important Historical Material in Science and Technology by Japan's National Museum of Nature and Science.", "publisher": "Kawada Robotics Corporation", "url": "https://kawadarobot.co.jp/en/history" }, { "date": "2002-09-19", "title": "HRP-2 announced", "summary": "AIST and Kawada announced HRP-2 as the final product of METI's Humanoid Robotics Project.", "publisher": "AIST", "url": "https://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/list/latest_research/2002/20020919/20020919.html" } ], "video": { "id": "ZyJr0ecPcwY", "title": "人間型ロボットHRP-2・HRP-3【産総研公式】", "channel": "産総研チャンネル (AIST official)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/aist-kawada-hrp-2-2002-1.jpg", "author": "Morio", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HRP-2_front_Science_Museum_Tokyo.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 491, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "sony-qrio-sdr-4x-2002", "name": "QRIO (SDR-4X)", "maker": "Sony", "makerId": "sony", "country": "Japan", "year": 2002, "date": "2002-03-19", "status": "discontinued", "purpose": [ "entertainment", "social", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 58, "weightKg": 6.5, "dof": 38, "speedKmh": 1.1, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 1, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "never sold", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Listed by Guinness World Records (2005 edition) as the first bipedal robot able to run, with both feet leaving the ground.", "deployments": "Used for demonstrations and research only; Sony stopped development on 26 January 2006.", "summary": "A 58 cm entertainment humanoid that could walk, dance and recognise faces and voices. Sony announced SDR-4X in March 2002 at approximately 6.5 kg including battery and memory; the improved SDR-4X II became QRIO in 2003, with running demonstrated that December (Sony, 2002–2003).", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-2b5a4271c1", "hs-fe8c2ceea2", "hs-c0f8f746c1", "hs-e71fc8b3ff" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2002-03-19", "event": "Sony announcement of SDR-4X; shown at ROBODEX 2002 (28-31 March)", "url": "https://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/2002/0319/sony2.htm" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "38 motors (Sony ISA actuators) controlled in real time, 38 degrees of freedom (head 4, trunk 2, arms 5 each, fingers 5 each, legs 6 each); Sony quoted about 30% more starting torque, 15% more rated torque and 20% better efficiency than SDR-3X.", "hands": "Five independently moving fingers per hand; later prototypes got improved hands and wrists.", "sensors": "Two CCD cameras (110,000 pixels each) for stereo distance sensing, seven microphones to locate and identify speakers, 3-axis accelerometer and gyro, and four force sensors in each foot; later prototypes added a third camera in the forehead.", "compute": "Two 64-bit RISC processors with 128 MB RAM on the 2002 SDR-4X; programs stored on a 16 MB Memory Stick.", "battery": "Lithium batteries; about 1 hour per charge on the fourth-generation unit.", "software": "Sony Aperios real-time OS with the OPEN-R platform; real-time adaptive motion control to recover from falls and stand up; face and voice recognition to remember people.", "other": "About 58 cm and 6.5-7.3 kg. Guinness World Records (2005) credited it as the first bipedal robot able to run (23 cm/s).", "sources": [ "hs-fe8c2ceea2", "hs-2b5a4271c1", "hs-729b63066e" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Never sold; development stopped in January 2006", "where": "Japan, with demonstrations abroad" }, "news": [ { "date": "2006-01-26", "title": "Sony Q3 FY2005 results: entertainment robot development ends", "summary": "Sony reported that new AIBO development had ceased, production would stop by the end of fiscal 2005, and there would be no new QRIO development.", "publisher": "Sony", "url": "https://www.sony.com/en/SonyInfo/IR/library/presen/er/05q3_sonypre.pdf" }, { "date": "2002-03-19", "title": "Sony announces SDR-4X", "summary": "Sony unveiled the 38-joint SDR-4X ahead of ROBODEX 2002.", "publisher": "PC Watch (Impress)", "url": "https://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/2002/0319/sony2.htm" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/sony-qrio-sdr-4x-2002.jpg", "author": "Dschen Reinecke", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sony_Qrio_Robot.jpg", "article": "QRIO", "w": 479, "h": 640 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/sony.png", "author": "Sony Corporation", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Sony_Corporation_(make.believe).svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Sony_Corporation_(make.believe).svg", "article": "File:Logo of the Sony Corporation (make.believe).svg" } }, { "id": "mhi-wakamaru-2003", "name": "wakamaru", "maker": "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries", "makerId": "mitsubishi", "country": "Japan", "year": 2003, "date": "2003-02", "status": "discontinued", "purpose": [ "home", "social", "care" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 100, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 1, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": 14300, "priceNote": "JPY 1.5 million plus JPY 10,000/month service fee (Slashdot, Sept 2005)", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "One of the first humanoid-shaped robots offered for sale to households, aimed partly at keeping an eye on elderly relatives.", "deployments": "A test sale of 100 units to Tokyo households began in September 2005; by 2008 it was off the market and rented as a receptionist.", "summary": "A 1 m wheeled home robot with a head, two arms and a torso that recognised faces, talked, and returned to its charger by itself. Sales fell far short of the company's targets.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-90e27ee686", "hs-5fa99d0e4b", "hs-6f4af0e362" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2003-02", "event": "MHI unveils wakamaru", "url": "https://www.mhi.com/finance/library/annual/pdf/annual_2003.pdf" }, "released": { "date": "2005-09", "note": "100-unit household test sale in Tokyo" }, "components": { "actuators": "DC servomotors; a wheeled base moves at up to 1 km/h.", "sensors": "Omnidirectional camera on top of the head and forward camera; ultrasonic and infrared obstacle sensors; bumpers; touch sensor; encoders; directional microphone.", "compute": "Multiple CPUs.", "battery": "Lithium-ion, about 2 hours, returns to its charger automatically.", "materials": "Hard plastic exterior over metal and plastic skeleton; 100 cm, 30 kg.", "software": "Linux with custom software; alarms, news, weather and home-watching.", "other": "13 DoF; broadband/wireless connection, could send photos to the owner's phone. Sold for JPY 1.5 million plus JPY 10,000 a month.", "sources": [ "hs-90e27ee686", "hs-6f4af0e362" ] }, "production": { "built": "100 units in the 2005 test sale", "sold": "100 units offered to Tokyo households from September 16, 2005 (PC Watch, 2005).", "where": "Japan", "customers": "Rented as a receptionist by 2007 at about US$1,000 a day" }, "news": [ { "date": "2005-09", "title": "100-unit home sale", "summary": "Mitsubishi offered 100 Linux-based wakamaru robots to Tokyo homes for about US$14,000.", "publisher": "Slashdot", "url": "https://hardware.slashdot.org/story/05/09/20/0448208/linux-powered-humanoid-robot-on-sale-friday" }, { "date": "2003-02", "title": "Annual Report 2003 — Development of Futuristic Home-Use Robot", "summary": "MHI's annual report records wakamaru's unveiling in February 2003.", "publisher": "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries", "url": "https://www.mhi.com/finance/library/annual/pdf/annual_2003.pdf" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/mhi-wakamaru-2003.jpg", "author": "Nesnad", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wakamaru-fullshot2011.jpg", "article": "Wakamaru", "w": 478, "h": 640 } }, { "id": "tum-johnnie-2003", "name": "JOHNNIE", "maker": "Technical University of Munich (Institute of Applied Mechanics)", "makerId": "technical-university-of-munich", "country": "Germany", "year": 2003, "date": "2003-04", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 180, "weightKg": 49, "dof": 17, "speedKmh": 2.2, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "none", "firsts": "One of Germany's first autonomous full-size biped walking robots, built under the German Research Foundation's Autonomous Walking programme; predecessor of TUM's LOLA.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 1.80 m, about 49 kg biped with 17 driven joints (six per leg, one in the upper body and two small arms that swing to cancel body rotation). It carried its own sensors and computer but took power by cable, walked on even and uneven ground at up to 2.2 km/h and was shown at the Hannover Fair in 2003 with camera-based vision guidance.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-42e19f2777", "hs-bf713df575" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2003-04", "event": "Hannover Fair 2003 (earliest dated public showing found; development began earlier in the DFG programme)", "url": "https://mec.ed.tum.de/en/am/research/completed-projects/humanoid-robotics/johnnie" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/tum-johnnie-2003.jpg", "author": "Technical University of Munich (TUM)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.mec.ed.tum.de/en/am/research/completed-projects/humanoid-robotics/johnnie", "page": "https://www.mec.ed.tum.de/en/am/research/completed-projects/humanoid-robotics/johnnie", "kind": "maker", "w": 306, "h": 643 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/technical-university-of-munich.png", "author": "TUM ccc", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Technical_University_of_Munich.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Technical_University_of_Munich.svg", "article": "Technical University of Munich" } }, { "id": "kokoro-osaka-actroid-2003", "name": "Actroid (Repliee Q1)", "maker": "Osaka University (Hiroshi Ishiguro) and Kokoro Co.", "makerId": "osaka-university", "country": "Japan", "year": 2003, "date": "2003-11", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "social", "entertainment", "research" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 42, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "One of the first highly human-looking androids shown publicly, using air actuators under silicone skin.", "deployments": "Four Actroids guided visitors and hosted a stage at Expo 2005 in Aichi; a rental-only DER version followed in June 2005.", "summary": "A life-size female android whose upper body moved through pneumatic actuators to make natural gestures and facial expressions; lower-body motion was limited. Later variants were DER, DER2, DER3 and Actroid-F (2011).", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-ac788ef046" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2003-11", "event": "International Robot Exhibition", "url": "https://www.kokoro-dreams.co.jp/english/rt_tokutyu/actroid/" }, "released": { "date": "2005-06", "note": "DER version rental-only" }, "components": { "actuators": "Pneumatic (air) actuators, mostly in the upper body: 42 points of articulation on early models, 47 on later ones; compressed air supplied from outside the robot.", "sensors": "Touch sensors; microphones with noise filtering; floor sensors and omnidirectional vision for eye contact.", "compute": "Most of the computing that runs its AI sits outside the robot; voice comes from external speakers.", "materials": "Realistic silicone skin.", "software": "Speech recognition and scripted AI responses; can learn movements by tracking reflective markers on a person.", "other": "Developed at Osaka University and manufactured by Kokoro, Sanrio's animatronics division.", "sources": [ "hs-ac788ef046" ] }, "production": { "sold": "DER version offered for rental only from June 2005", "where": "Japan" }, "news": [ { "date": "2005-06", "title": "Actroid-DER series and history", "summary": "Kokoro introduced the Actroid-DER as a rental model.", "publisher": "Kokoro Company Ltd.", "url": "https://www.kokoro-dreams.co.jp/english/rt_tokutyu/actroid/" }, { "date": "2004-01", "title": "Actroid-DER series and history", "summary": "The Actroid-Repliee Q1 model was developed at Osaka University.", "publisher": "Kokoro Company Ltd.", "url": "https://www.kokoro-dreams.co.jp/english/rt_tokutyu/actroid/" }, { "date": "2003-11", "title": "Actroid debuts at the International Robot Exhibition", "summary": "Kokoro dates Actroid’s International Robot Exhibition debut to November 2003.", "publisher": "Kokoro Company Ltd.", "url": "https://www.kokoro-dreams.co.jp/english/rt_tokutyu/actroid/" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/kokoro-osaka-actroid-2003.jpg", "author": "Photo by Gnsin", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Actroid-DER_01.jpg", "article": "Actroid", "w": 479, "h": 640 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/osaka-university.png", "author": "ATR", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ATR_logo_2015.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ATR_logo_2015.svg", "article": "File:ATR logo 2015.svg" } }, { "id": "kaist-khr-2-2004", "name": "KHR-2", "maker": "KAIST Hubo Lab (Jun-Ho Oh)", "makerId": "kaist", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2004, "date": "2004", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 120, "weightKg": 56, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 1.2, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "KAIST's first complete humanoid, following the headless, handless KHR-1 (2002-03); it walked at about 1.2 km/h and led directly to HUBO (KHR-3) in 2005.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-8571c8e757" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2004", "event": "KAIST research reveal", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Electric servo motors driven by microprocessor-based sub-controllers, with joints designed to reduce backlash; 41 DoF in total (6 per leg, 4 per arm, 2 per wrist, 5 per hand, 6 in the head, 1 in the trunk).", "hands": "5 DoF per hand (finger joints), per the KAIST paper.", "sensors": "3-axis force/torque sensors at the feet and wrists, an inertial sensor (accelerometer and rate gyro) and a CCD camera; the authors call the foot F/T sensor vital for stable walking.", "compute": "Main controller on the robot's back talking to distributed joint sub-controllers over a CAN bus.", "materials": "120 cm, 56 kg; designed for a human-friendly look and wide joint ranges.", "software": "Windows XP with the RTX real-time extension on the main controller.", "other": "Developed from 2003, after the headless, handless KHR-1; walking speed about 1.2 km/h.", "sources": [ "hs-8571c8e757", "hs-6880d2b079", "hs-d642b98eb7" ] }, "production": { "built": "Not stated (research prototype)", "sold": "Not sold; research robot", "where": "KAIST Humanoid Robot Research Center, Daejeon, South Korea" }, "news": [ { "date": "2005-12", "title": "Journal paper documents KHR-2", "summary": "The International Journal of Humanoid Robotics published KAIST's full description of KHR-2's mechanics, electronics and control.", "publisher": "World Scientific (via Crossref)", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1142/s0219843605000612" }, { "date": "2005-01-06", "title": "Successor HUBO (KHR-3) launched", "summary": "KAIST unveiled HUBO, the next step after KHR-2.", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HUBO" }, { "date": "2004", "title": "KHR-2 presented at IEEE Humanoids 2004", "summary": "Park, Kim, Park and Oh presented KHR-2 at the 4th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots.", "publisher": "Crossref (IEEE record)", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works?query.bibliographic=Development+of+humanoid+robot+platform+KHR-2+KAIST+humanoid+robot+2&rows=5&select=title,DOI,issued,container-title,abstract,author" } ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/kaist.png", "author": "KAIST", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KAIST_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KAIST_logo.svg", "article": "KAIST" } }, { "id": "waseda-we-4rii-2004", "name": "WE-4RII", "maker": "Waseda University (Atsuo Takanishi lab)", "makerId": "waseda-university", "country": "Japan", "year": 2004, "date": "2004", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "social" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": 97, "weightKg": 59.3, "dof": 59, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "An upper-body humanoid built to express emotions with its face, neck, torso, arms and hands; it later supplied the upper body of KOBIAN.", "deployments": null, "summary": "An emotion-expression humanoid upper body that adds Waseda's 6-DoF RCH-1 hands to the WE-4R, with eyebrows, lips, eyelids, a 4-DoF neck and arms used to show feelings, plus visual, auditory, tactile, temperature and smell sensors. A Waseda thesis gives 970 mm seated height, 59.3 kg (without PC) and 59 degrees of freedom.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-81750d5dc1", "hs-90ef967c83", "hs-621464d734" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2004", "event": "Shown in 2004 (Humanoids 2004 workshop material)", "url": "https://archive.iar.kit.edu/workshops/humanoids2004/Takanishi.pdf" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/waseda-university.png", "author": "Waseda University", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waseda_University_Logo.png", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waseda_University_Logo.png", "article": "File:Waseda University Logo.png" } }, { "id": "toyota-partner-robot-walking-2004", "name": "Toyota Partner Robot (walking type)", "maker": "Toyota Motor Corporation", "makerId": "toyota", "country": "Japan", "year": 2004, "date": "2004-03-11", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "entertainment", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 120, "weightKg": 35, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Played the trumpet using artificial lips that moved like a human player's.", "deployments": "Robot band performances at the Toyota Group Pavilion, Expo 2005 Aichi, from March 2005.", "summary": "A 1.2 m bipedal humanoid announced with wheeled and rideable siblings; its hands worked the trumpet valves while artificial lips shaped the notes. In July 2009 a later version ran at 7 km/h.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-d4804695e0", "hs-407d0ab762" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2004-03-11", "event": "Toyota media event, Tokyo hotel", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/detail/245497" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Toyota said in 2004 it was developing a wire-operation system: actuators sit in the torso and pull wires to move the arms and legs, making the limbs lighter, more supple and faster.", "hands": "Hands able to do a range of tasks; together with Toyota-developed artificial lips that move with human-like finesse they let the robot play the trumpet.", "sensors": "A small, low-cost, high-precision attitude (tilt) sensor derived from Toyota's automotive sensor technology.", "compute": "Intel-based computer (Partner entry).", "battery": "Lithium-ion, about 30 minutes of operation (Partner entry).", "software": "Real-time Linux; balance control extended from Toyota's vehicle stability (driving control) technology.", "other": null, "sources": [ "hs-d4804695e0" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Never sold; an entertainment and demonstration robot (Toyota).", "where": "Japan (Expo 2005, Aichi)", "customers": "Shown in the Toyota Group Pavilion at Expo 2005, Aichi (from March 2005)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2004-12-03", "title": "Toyota Group Announces Plans for EXPO 2005 AICHI, JAPAN Pavilion Performance", "summary": "Toyota announced its Expo 2005 performance plans, including a robot band playing trumpets, tubas and drums.", "publisher": "Toyota Motor Corporation", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/detail/221580" }, { "date": "2004-03-11", "title": "Toyota announces trumpet-playing partner robots", "summary": "Toyota unveiled walking, rolling and rideable partner robots, with artificial lips for playing the trumpet.", "publisher": "Toyota Motor Corporation", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/detail/245497" } ], "video": { "id": "VG174pW2ikM", "title": "VOICED Toyota shows off the latest in robot technology", "channel": "AP Archive" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/toyota-partner-robot-walking-2004-1.jpg", "author": "Luis Villa del Campo from Madrid, Spain", "license": "CC BY 2.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toyota_Partner_Robot_-_front_%28AMLUX%2C_2007%29.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 750, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "kaist-hubo-khr-3-2005", "name": "HUBO (KHR-3)", "maker": "KAIST Hubo Lab (Jun-Ho Oh)", "makerId": "kaist", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2004, "date": "2004-12", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 125, "weightKg": 55, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 1.2, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 1, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "South Korea's first full-size self-contained walking humanoid, presented as a rival to ASIMO.", "deployments": null, "summary": "KAIST's third humanoid, about ASIMO's size, built in 2004 and released in January 2005 after the smaller KHR-1 (2002-03) and KHR-2 (2004). It walked at about 1.25 km/h and could run for about an hour.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-c766d7b533", "hs-4dd2427c84" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2004-12", "event": "KAIST HUBO (KHR-3), documented by Park et al. (2005).", "url": "https://newatlas.com/korea-shows-its-robotics-prowess-with-a-rival-for-asimo/3638/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "sensors": "Vision with two independently operating eyes; voice recognition and speech synthesis (New Atlas).", "compute": "On-board intelligence supplemented by a wireless link to an external server (New Atlas).", "other": "41 DoF, 125 cm and 55 kg (Park et al., 2005).", "sources": [ "hs-4dd2427c84", "hs-c766d7b533" ] }, "production": { "built": "Research prototype; unit count not published", "where": "South Korea" }, "news": [ { "date": "2005-01-06", "title": "HUBO released by KAIST", "summary": "Wikipedia dates KHR-3 HUBO's release to 6 January 2005.", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HUBO" }, { "date": "2004-12", "title": "KHR-3 renamed HUBO and shown to Korean press", "summary": "New Atlas reported the robot was first shown to Korean media in December 2004.", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/korea-shows-its-robotics-prowess-with-a-rival-for-asimo/3638/" } ], "video": { "id": "Fuxv_2eApVk", "title": "Hubo Whole body dance(by Inhyeok Kim , HuboLab)", "channel": "HuboLab KAIST" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kaist-hubo-khr-3-2005.jpg", "author": "KAIST Hubo Lab (Jun-Ho Oh)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://file.newswire.co.kr/data/datafile2/thumb_480/2004/12/2004122211036918920.28531200.jpg", "page": "https://file.newswire.co.kr/data/datafile2/thumb_480/2004/12/2004122211036918920.28531200.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 397, "h": 480 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/kaist.png", "author": "KAIST", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KAIST_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KAIST_logo.svg", "article": "KAIST" } }, { "id": "bielefeld-barthoc-2005", "name": "BARTHOC", "maker": "Bielefeld University", "makerId": "bielefeld-university", "country": "Germany", "year": 2005, "date": "2005", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "social" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "An upper-body humanoid with camera eyes and a moving, human-like face, built to study dialogue, gestures and the 'uncanny valley' in human-robot interaction; a smaller twin, BARTHOC Junior, was also made. Later fitted with movable hands, it could name, grasp and move objects while talking about them, and it appeared on National Geographic covers in 2011.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-049e4e6058", "hs-625aef381a", "hs-cfaeaedb7f" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2005", "event": "Described in a 2005 IEEE paper by Hackel et al.", "url": "https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/1891427" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" } }, { "id": "university-of-hertfordshire-kaspar-2005", "name": "Kaspar", "maker": "University of Hertfordshire", "makerId": "university-of-hertfordshire", "country": "United Kingdom", "year": 2005, "date": "2005", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "care", "healthcare" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 17, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "none", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Used for years in robot-assisted therapy sessions with autistic children.", "summary": "A seated child-sized robot with a simplified, expressive face and two arms, used in therapy and play with autistic children; it can run autonomously or by remote control. Included despite being under 60 cm (seated) because it is a long-running assistive robot, not a toy.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-6c34ac2dfc", "hs-5fe1902e0b" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2005", "event": "University of Hertfordshire", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Dynamixel AX-12A smart servos and RC servos; 17 DoF (4 per arm, neck 3, mouth 2, eyes 2, eyelids 1, torso 1).", "hands": "No functional hands; arms with 4 DoF each.", "sensors": "Cameras built into the eyes; force-sensing resistor or capacitive touch sensors under the skin so children's touch can trigger responses.", "compute": "Run from an external PC over USB, or wirelessly via an on-board mini PC.", "battery": "One 12 V, 7 Ah lead-acid battery, about 4 hours of operation.", "materials": "Fibreglass body, aluminium frame and head parts, silicone rubber face with simplified features; 55 cm tall seated, 15 kg.", "software": "Custom Java software with optional YARP, C++ and Python interfaces; can run autonomously or be remote-controlled by a therapist.", "other": "Designed for robot-assisted play and therapy with autistic children; head design led by Kerstin Dautenhahn and Chrystopher Nehaniv, body supervised by Michael L. Walters, therapy work by Ben Robins.", "sources": [ "hs-9545ac0941" ] }, "production": { "built": "Not stated", "sold": "Not sold commercially", "where": "University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK", "customers": "Used in autism therapy and human-robot interaction studies; named schools or clinics not found" }, "news": [ { "date": "2011-08-01", "title": "KASPAR project for children with autism — foundation funding", "summary": "The university records £180,000 of Stavros Niarchos Foundation funding for the Kaspar autism project running from August 2011 to July 2016.", "publisher": "University of Hertfordshire", "url": "https://researchprofiles.herts.ac.uk/en/projects/kaspar-project-for-children-with-autism" }, { "date": "2005", "title": "The Iterative Development of the Humanoid Robot Kaspar: An Assistive Robot for Children with Autism", "summary": "The first Kaspar prototype was developed in 2005 as a human–robot interaction research platform and subsequently adopted for autism research.", "publisher": "University of Hertfordshire", "url": "https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/id/eprint/15189/1/ICSR2017_059_final_v3.pdf" } ], "video": { "id": "wdF7TwhUgLY", "title": "University of Hertfordshire -- KASPAR Campaign", "channel": "University of Hertfordshire (@universityofhertfordshire)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/university-of-hertfordshire-kaspar-2005-1.jpg", "author": "384", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kaspar_(android).jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 1000, "h": 750 } }, { "id": "utokyo-jsk-kotaro-2005", "name": "Kotaro", "maker": "University of Tokyo JSK Lab (Ikuo Mizuuchi, Masayuki Inaba)", "makerId": "university-of-tokyo-jsk-lab", "country": "Japan", "year": 2005, "date": "2005", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": 133, "weightKg": 20, "dof": 91, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "An early musculoskeletal humanoid with a flexible spine, shoulder blades and collarbones driven by 120 tendon actuators.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A child-sized musculoskeletal humanoid with 91 joints and 120 muscle actuators, soft tactile skin, two camera eyes and two microphone ears, powered by an external supply. It was built from June 2004 for the Prototype Robot Exhibition at EXPO 2005 in Aichi and sits between Kenta (2001) and Kojiro (2007) in the JSK line.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-a0b95e563c", "hs-b653a5b710" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2005", "event": "Prototype Robot Exhibition, EXPO 2005 Aichi", "url": "https://mizuuchi.lab.tuat.ac.jp/~ikuo/kotaro/index-e.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/utokyo-jsk-kotaro-2005.jpg", "author": "JSK Laboratory, University of Tokyo", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://mizuuchi.lab.tuat.ac.jp/~ikuo/kotaro/index-e.html", "page": "https://mizuuchi.lab.tuat.ac.jp/~ikuo/kotaro/index-e.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 476, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "kist-mahru-2005", "name": "MAHRU", "maker": "Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)", "makerId": "korea-institute-of-science", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2005, "date": "2005", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "home" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 150, "weightKg": 67, "dof": 35, "speedKmh": 1.2, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A full-size biped from KIST built to walk and do household tasks, either on its own or teleoperated in near real time by a person wearing a motion-capture suit. It could recognise faces, objects and places and walk around obstacles.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-727c15d710", "hs-5fb67392c2", "hs-64308b30fb" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2005", "event": "KIST unveiling (year per some sources give 2006)", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "37 DC servomotors; 37 DoF (7 per arm, 6 per leg, 4 per hand, 2 neck, 1 waist).", "hands": "4 DoF per hand; the later MAHRU-Z reportedly had six fingers.", "sensors": "Stereo camera, force-torque sensors, microphone and laser range finder; KIST's own spec list adds a gyro sensor.", "compute": "On-board computer and joint controllers linked over IEEE 1394 or EtherCAT; designed as a network-based robot that draws on off-board servers for intelligence.", "battery": "Lithium-polymer battery, about 3 hours of operation; KIST lists 48 V, 20 A.", "materials": "150 cm, 67 kg (KIST).", "software": "Linux with the Xenomai real-time extension; face, object, gesture and place recognition; autonomous or teleoperated in near real time via an inertial motion-capture suit.", "other": "Paired with the orange sister robot AHRA; demonstrated household tasks such as making breakfast, plus dancing and taekwondo. Later versions included MAHRU-R, MAHRU-M and MAHRU-Z.", "sources": [ "hs-727c15d710", "hs-14c8d91555" ] }, "production": { "built": "Several versions (MAHRU-1, -2/III, -R, -M, -Z); unit count not stated", "sold": "Not sold; research robot", "where": "KIST, Seoul, South Korea" }, "news": [ { "date": "2011", "title": "MAHRU-M mobile platform published", "summary": "KIST researchers described MAHRU-M, a wheeled version with a dual-network control system, in Robotics and Autonomous Systems.", "publisher": "Crossref (Elsevier record)", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works?query.bibliographic=MAHRU+network-based+humanoid+robot+KIST&rows=6&select=title,DOI,issued,container-title,author" }, { "date": "2010-01-18", "title": "S.Korean scientists develop walking robot maid", "summary": "MAHRU-Z was reported with a rotating head, arms and legs, six fingers and three-dimensional vision for household chores.", "publisher": "AFP / Phys.org", "url": "https://phys.org/news/2010-01-skorean-scientists-robot-maid.html" }, { "date": "2008-07", "title": "Network-based MAHRU paper at IFAC 2008", "summary": "KIST presented MAHRU as a network-based humanoid companion at the IFAC World Congress in Seoul.", "publisher": "Crossref (IFAC record)", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works?query.bibliographic=MAHRU+network-based+humanoid+robot+KIST&rows=6&select=title,DOI,issued,container-title,author" }, { "date": "2007", "title": "Mahru III presented at Humanoids 2007", "summary": "A paper on the biped Mahru III appeared at IEEE Humanoids 2007, with co-authors including Samsung researchers.", "publisher": "Crossref (IEEE record)", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works?query.bibliographic=MAHRU+network-based+humanoid+robot+KIST&rows=6&select=title,DOI,issued,container-title,author" } ], "video": { "id": "5N93QtVsyv8", "title": "KIST Mahru Whole-Body Motion Capture", "channel": "IEEE Spectrum" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/kist-mahru-2005-1.jpg", "author": "Korea Institue of Science and Technology", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MAHRU.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 815, "h": 270 } }, { "id": "pal-robotics-reem-a-2005", "name": "REEM-A", "maker": "PAL Robotics", "makerId": "pal", "country": "Spain", "year": 2005, "date": "2005", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 140, "weightKg": 49, "dof": 30, "speedKmh": 1.5, "payloadKg": 2, "batteryHours": 1.5, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "PAL Robotics' first walking humanoid and one of Europe's first full-size biped humanoids.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 1.4 m bipedal prototype from Barcelona-based PAL Robotics, backed by Pal Technology of the UAE.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-18d10e864d", "hs-b329ffd41b" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2005", "event": "PAL Robotics prototype", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "other": "Could walk, play chess and recognise faces, objects and voice commands (PAL Robotics).", "sources": [ "hs-18d10e864d", "hs-3187d9f1d5" ] }, "production": { "built": "Prototype; unit count not published", "where": "Spain (built in Barcelona for Abu Dhabi-based Pal Technology)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2008-06", "title": "Successor REEM-B launched in Abu Dhabi", "summary": "Gulf News reported that REEM-B evolved from REEM-A, Pal's first humanoid.", "publisher": "Gulf News", "url": "https://gulfnews.com/amp/story/technology%2Fpal-technology-launches-new-robot-1.111579" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/pal-robotics-reem-a-2005-1.jpg", "author": "Facontidavide at English Wikipedia", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:REEM-A_humanoid_robot.jpg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:REEM-A_humanoid_robot.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 300, "h": 432 } }, { "id": "engineered-arts-robothespian-2005", "name": "RoboThespian", "maker": "Engineered Arts", "makerId": "engineered-arts", "country": "United Kingdom", "year": 2005, "date": "2005-01", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "entertainment", "education" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": 33, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 88000, "priceNote": "US$88,000 for the standard model (undated)", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "One of the first humanoid robots sold commercially as a museum and science-centre performer.", "deployments": "More than 50 permanently installed worldwide, including Questacon (Australia), Copernicus Science Centre (Poland) and the Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago.", "summary": "A life-size, stationary performing humanoid with over 30 axes of movement, used to act, sing and talk to visitors. Engineered Arts later built Ameca (2022).", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-7ce61dc756" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2005-01", "event": "RoboThespian project started for the Eden Project's Mechanical Theatre", "url": "https://newatlas.com/robothespian-humanoid-robot/20481/" }, "released": { "date": "2005", "note": "sold and rented to museums and science centres; 50+ permanent installations" }, "components": { "actuators": "Festo DMSP pneumatic fluidic muscles drive the major movements; six DC motors and 31 powered axes in the version described in 2009 (Control Engineering Europe, 2009).", "hands": "Two arms with jointed fingers used for gestures; no grip specification published.", "sensors": "Cameras and infrared depth sensors for gesture and pose recognition.", "compute": "Single-board computer with an Intel dual-core CPU, two Marvell XScale PXA270 CPUs and five Parallax Propeller microcontrollers; an external Intel Core i7 control unit.", "battery": "No battery: runs from a 24 V DC supply and an air compressor.", "materials": "Aluminium chassis and vacuum-formed PET body shell; 5 ft 9 in tall, 33 kg (The Register, 2010).", "software": "Linux (Gentoo and Ubuntu) with Engineered Arts' own core software, OpenNI and Python scripts; later managed through Engineered Arts' Tritium OS, Tinman telepresence and IOServe tools.", "other": "LCD-screen eyes; speaks more than 30 languages.", "sources": [ "hs-7ce61dc756", "hs-5894d7703f" ] }, "production": { "sold": "More than 60 robots worldwide, mainly in museums, universities or permanent displays (Festo).", "where": "Worldwide, including the US, Australia, Poland and France", "customers": "NASA Kennedy Space Center, Questacon, Copernicus Science Centre, Futuroscope; academic users including UCL, UNC Chapel Hill and Bristol Robotics Laboratory" }, "news": [ { "date": "2009-01-29", "title": "Shake hands with a robot", "summary": "Control Engineering Europe describes the first RoboThespian generation's January 2005 development for the Eden Project's Mechanical Theatre and subsequent interactive versions.", "publisher": "Control Engineering Europe", "url": "https://www.controlengeurope.com/article/22095/Shake-hands-with-a-robot.aspx" } ], "buyNone": "No longer listed on Engineered Arts' site (RoboThespian product URL returns 404); current range is Ameca, Mesmer and desktop robots.", "video": { "id": "eyaS_rRs6fo", "title": "Are you a real robot, RoboThespian?", "channel": "Engineered Arts", "display": true }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/engineered-arts-robothespian-2005-1.jpg", "author": "William Murphy (infomatique), Flickr", "license": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "licenseUrl": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/infomatique/32878210606/", "page": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/infomatique/32878210606/", "via": "Flickr", "w": 667, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "hitachi-emiew-2005", "name": "EMIEW", "maker": "Hitachi", "makerId": "hitachi", "country": "Japan", "year": 2005, "date": "2005-03-15", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "social" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 130, "weightKg": 70, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 6, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Hitachi's first EMIEW ('Excellent Mobility and Interactive Existence as Workmate'), a 1.3 m wheeled humanoid that could keep pace with a walking person and steer around obstacles.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-d3e848e83b", "hs-003f33a18c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2005-03-15", "event": "Hitachi news release announcing EMIEW (NEDO next-generation robot project); demonstrated at Expo 2005 Aichi from June", "url": "https://www.hitachi.com/New/cnews/050315a.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Two-wheeled self-balancing (inverted-pendulum style) drive; it steers by swinging its body side to side to shift its centre of gravity. Top speed 6 km/h, acceleration up to 4 m/s squared (company figures). Arms 6 DoF each.", "hands": "1 DoF per hand (simple grip).", "sensors": "A vision sensor, multiple audio sensors able to locate sound over 360 degrees, gradient sensors for stable moving and stopping, and proximity sensors for collision avoidance.", "materials": "130 cm tall, about 70 kg.", "software": "Conversation at about 1 m without a handheld microphone, combined with face recognition; about 100-word vocabulary (Hitachi figure) and speech synthesis.", "other": "Developed under NEDO's Project for the Practical Application of Next-generation Robots, aimed at office logistics and reception-desk guidance.", "sources": [ "hs-003f33a18c", "hs-c07be7027c", "hs-d3e848e83b" ] }, "production": { "built": "Not stated (research prototypes)", "sold": "Not sold; research robot", "where": "Hitachi, Japan", "customers": "Demonstrated at Expo 2005 Aichi (NEDO project)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2016-04-08", "title": "Hitachi launches EMIEW3 with a cloud 'remote brain'", "summary": "Hitachi announced EMIEW3, a 90 cm, 15 kg customer-service robot linked to a cloud control platform, tracing the line back to the 2005 EMIEW.", "publisher": "Hitachi", "url": "https://www.hitachi.com/en/press/articles/2016/04/0408/" }, { "date": "2007", "title": "Smaller EMIEW 2 follows", "summary": "Hitachi's 80 cm EMIEW 2 could pick out voices from noise and find objects using network cameras.", "publisher": "Hitachi", "url": "https://www.hitachi.com/en/press/articles/2016/04/0408/" }, { "date": "2005-06", "title": "EMIEW shown at Expo 2005 Aichi", "summary": "Hitachi scheduled EMIEW demonstrations at the Expo's Morizo and Kiccoro Exhibition Center in June and its group pavilion in summer.", "publisher": "Hitachi", "url": "https://www.hitachi.com/New/cnews/050315a.html" }, { "date": "2005-03-15", "title": "Hitachi unveils fast wheeled humanoid EMIEW", "summary": "Hitachi announced EMIEW, a 1.3 m two-wheeled robot that could keep up with a fast-walking person and talk with people.", "publisher": "Hitachi", "url": "https://www.hitachi.com/New/cnews/050315a.html" } ], "video": { "id": "3zCy-R42VTg", "title": "ロボット EMIEW ～生活をサポートするロボット～ - 日立", "channel": "Hitachi" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/hitachi-emiew-2005.jpg", "author": "Hitachi", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.hitachi.com/New/cnews/050315a.html", "page": "https://www.hitachi.com/New/cnews/050315a.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 540, "h": 360 } }, { "id": "fujitsu-enon-2005", "name": "enon", "maker": "Fujitsu Frontech and Fujitsu Laboratories", "makerId": "fujitsu-frontech", "country": "Japan", "year": 2005, "date": "2005-09-13", "status": "discontinued", "purpose": [ "retail", "logistics", "social" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 130, "weightKg": 50, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 3, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 54000, "priceNote": "About 6 million yen (about US$54,000) per AP; software extra", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Sold in Japan from September 2005 with first deliveries that November; used as a museum guide in Yugawara (2007), trialled in an Osaka mall (2010) and used for transport in data centres.", "summary": "A wheeled office and shop service robot with a head, two arms and a chest touchscreen that guided and escorted visitors, carried items and patrolled, finding its way with stored maps. The name stands for 'Exciting Nova On Network'.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-b3bacc1bd0", "hs-15576b3a0e" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2005-09-13", "event": "Fujitsu Frontech / Fujitsu Laboratories press announcement, Tokyo", "url": "https://info.archives.global.fujitsu/global/about/resources/news/press-releases/2005/0913-01.html" }, "released": { "date": "2005-09", "note": "limited sales in Japan from 13 Sept 2005; shipments to select customers from November 2005" }, "components": { "actuators": "Wheeled base, top speed 3 km/h; head 2 DoF, arms 5 DoF each.", "hands": "1 DoF per hand; each arm lifts up to 0.5 kg (company figure).", "sensors": "6 cameras including wide-angle head cameras, 3 ultrasonic sensors, 3 proximity sensors, 4 microphones (Fujitsu, 2005).", "compute": "Not published beyond low-power, high-speed 3D vision processing hardware.", "battery": "Nickel-metal hydride battery with contactless charging; it can dock and charge itself. Runtime not published.", "materials": "130 cm tall, 56 cm shoulder width, 54 cm deep, about 50 kg; head and shoulder panels in citrus yellow, lily white or lavender blue.", "software": "Japanese speech recognition and synthesis; autonomous navigation on a stored map with obstacle avoidance and no floor or wall markers; proprietary scripting language and middleware for interaction. Later versions estimated a visitor's gender and age by face recognition.", "other": "10.5-inch chest touchscreen, 2 speakers, LED face and status lights; 802.11a/b/g wireless LAN for server data and remote operation; internal cargo bay holding up to 10 kg. Safety appraisal by the NPO Safety Engineering Laboratory was under way at launch. Tasks: guiding, escorting, carrying items and patrolling.", "sources": [ "hs-b3bacc1bd0", "hs-15576b3a0e", "hs-11d9d0b0b3", "hs-5a80e38d40" ] }, "production": { "built": "Initial plan of 20-30 units (AP, 2005)", "sold": "10 orders at launch; about 6 million yen per robot with software extra, per AP (Fujitsu's own release did not publish a price)", "where": "Japan (Fujitsu Frontech); assembly site not stated", "customers": "Kyotaro Nishimura Museum, Yugawara (2007 visitor guide); an Osaka shopping mall trial (2010); data-centre transport and retail promotion uses (unnamed)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2010-01", "title": "enon tries targeted shop tips in an Osaka mall", "summary": "In a one-day trial, enon guessed shoppers' gender and age by camera and recommended stores to match.", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2010/01/11/enon-fujitsu-robot-talks-shoppers-into-buying-stuff-videos/" }, { "date": "2007-09", "title": "enon becomes a permanent museum guide", "summary": "Fujitsu placed enon at mystery writer Kyotaro Nishimura's museum to greet visitors and lead tours.", "publisher": "Engadget", "url": "https://www.engadget.com/2007/09/21/fujitsus-enon-is-your-robotic-museum-guide/" }, { "date": "2005-09-13", "title": "Fujitsu launches enon service robot", "summary": "Fujitsu Frontech and Fujitsu Laboratories began limited sales of enon in Japan, with shipments from November 2005.", "publisher": "Fujitsu", "url": "https://info.archives.global.fujitsu/global/about/resources/news/press-releases/2005/0913-01.html" }, { "date": "2005-09-13", "title": "AP reports a 6 million yen price tag", "summary": "The AP said enon cost about 6 million yen (about US$54,000), with 10 orders and a hoped-for mass-production price of 2 million yen.", "publisher": "Fox News (Associated Press)", "url": "https://www.foxnews.com/story/fujitsu-makes-54000-guide-robot" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/fujitsu-enon-2005.jpg", "author": "Ms. President (Flickr User)", "license": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Enon_robot.jpg", "article": "Enon (robot)", "w": 500, "h": 667 } }, { "id": "bit-bhr-2-huitong-2005", "name": "BHR-2 (Huitong)", "maker": "Beijing Institute of Technology", "makerId": "beijing-institute-of-technology", "country": "China", "year": 2005, "date": "2005-09-18", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 160, "weightKg": 63, "dof": 32, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Reported in 2005 as the first Chinese-built humanoid to imitate complex human movements, performing tai chi shadowboxing and sword routines.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A human-sized biped from the national 863 programme that debuted at Beijing's exhibition of Tenth Five-Year Plan achievements, balancing on changing ground while doing tai chi and sword forms; it could also see and hold simple conversations. The 2005 state report gives 1.6 m and 63 kg; a later report gives 158 cm, 76 kg and 32 degrees of freedom. It preceded BHR-5 (listed).", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-ef259eaad6", "hs-a8c81dbd27" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2005-09-18", "event": "Exhibition of national science and technology achievements of the Tenth Five-Year period, Beijing", "url": "https://cernet.edu.cn/english/R_D/news/Sciencerd/200603/t20060323_141077.shtml" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" } }, { "id": "kaist-hanson-albert-hubo-2005", "name": "Albert HUBO", "maker": "KAIST Hubo Lab and Hanson Robotics", "makerId": "kaist", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2005, "date": "2005-11", "status": "discontinued", "purpose": [ "research", "social" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 137, "weightKg": 57, "dof": 66, "speedKmh": 1.2, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "An early walking humanoid with a realistic, expressive android face (an Albert Einstein likeness by Hanson Robotics).", "deployments": "Greeted leaders at the APEC summit in Busan, Korea, in November 2005.", "summary": "A HUBO walking body topped with Hanson Robotics' Frubber Einstein head, with 28 facial degrees of freedom and expressions including happiness, sadness, anger and surprise. Height 137 cm (Oh et al., 2006).", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-712851a4e6", "hs-350de947cd", "hs-74302f0da0" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2005-11", "event": "APEC summit, Busan, South Korea", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "42 brushed DC motors in the body and 28 servomotors in the head.", "hands": "Five degrees of freedom per hand (Oh et al., 2006).", "sensors": "Two cameras, gyroscope, accelerometer and three-axis foot force sensors.", "compute": "On-board CPU with wireless networking.", "battery": "Lithium-polymer, about 2 hours of operation.", "materials": "Frubber artificial skin on the Hanson-built face; plastic exterior over an aluminium frame.", "software": "Windows XP with RTX real-time extension (Oh et al., 2006).", "other": "66 DoF in total, including 28 in the face.", "sources": [ "hs-712851a4e6" ] }, "production": { "built": "One-off research robot; count not published", "where": "South Korea" }, "news": [ { "date": "2005-11", "title": "Albert HUBO unveiled at the APEC summit", "summary": "KAIST and Hanson Robotics presented the Einstein-faced HUBO at APEC in November 2005.", "publisher": "KAIST and Hanson Robotics / IEEE", "url": "https://www.ri.cmu.edu/pub_files/pub4/oh_jun_ho_2006_1/oh_jun_ho_2006_1.pdf" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/kaist-hanson-albert-hubo-2005.jpg", "author": "Dayofid at English Wikipedia", "license": "CC BY 2.5", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Einstein-Hubo.jpg", "article": "HUBO", "w": 408, "h": 640 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/kaist.png", "author": "KAIST", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KAIST_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KAIST_logo.svg", "article": "KAIST" } }, { "id": "tmsuk-kiyomori-2005", "name": "Kiyomori", "maker": "tmsuk", "makerId": "tmsuk", "country": "Japan", "year": 2005, "date": "2005-12", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A walking humanoid from tmsuk dressed in samurai armour made by Marutake Sangyo, the armour maker behind Kurosawa's film Ran. It was known for a pelvis that rotated as it walked, giving a longer, more human stride, and was reported to have 39 joints.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-4986cb83af", "hs-cfadb6c7c3" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2005-12", "event": "Debut ceremony at Munakata Taisha shrine, Fukuoka Prefecture", "url": "https://we-make-money-not-art.com/?p=3995" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "demonstration robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Electric walking humanoid; reported to have 39 joints, with knees described as stretchy and an unusually flexible, rotating pelvis that lengthened its stride (as relayed from Wired).", "materials": "Dressed in samurai armour made by Marutake Sangyo, the armour maker whose products appeared in Akira Kurosawa's film Ran.", "other": "Named after the 12th-century samurai politician Taira no Kiyomori. Debuted at a Shinto ceremony at Munakata Taisha shrine in Fukuoka Prefecture, where it took part in a prayer alongside people; Engadget nicknamed it 'samuraibot'.", "sources": [ "hs-4986cb83af", "hs-cfadb6c7c3" ] }, "production": { "built": "One-off showpiece robot, as reported", "sold": "not sold", "where": "Japan (tmsuk, Fukuoka Prefecture region)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2007-09-27", "title": "Kiyomori's human-like stride highlighted", "summary": "A travel blog, citing Wired, picked out Kiyomori's 39 joints, stretchy knees and flexible pelvis as the keys to its natural walk.", "publisher": "Gadling", "url": "https://gadling.com/?p=11911" }, { "date": "2005-12-30", "title": "Armoured tmsuk robot debuts at a Shinto shrine", "summary": "A design blog described tmsuk's samurai-armoured humanoid, its debut ceremony at Munakata Taisha and its Ran-linked armour maker.", "publisher": "We Make Money Not Art", "url": "https://we-make-money-not-art.com/?p=3995" } ], "video": { "id": "iZ28mKq2dXU", "title": "A robotic Samurai warrior on show in a Tokyo department store", "channel": "AP Archive" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/tmsuk-kiyomori-2005.jpg", "author": "tmsuk", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.tmsuk.co.jp/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/c1843fee170c4f7e26a486dcad3fa566-1024x1024.jpg", "page": "https://www.tmsuk.co.jp/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/c1843fee170c4f7e26a486dcad3fa566-1024x1024.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "honda-asimo-2005", "name": "ASIMO (new ASIMO)", "maker": "Honda", "makerId": "honda", "country": "Japan", "year": 2005, "date": "2005-12-13", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 130, "weightKg": 54, "dof": 34, "speedKmh": 6, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Ran at 6 km/h, including running in a circle at 5 km/h, a record for a humanoid at the time.", "deployments": "Demonstrated office tasks such as receptionist, guide, cart-pushing and tray-carrying; leased for events.", "summary": "A taller (130 cm) ASIMO that could walk hand in hand with a person and use a 'total control system' to work as a receptionist or guide. It followed a 'next-generation' ASIMO of December 2004 that ran at 3 km/h.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-a2d092f1f3", "hs-519f901798" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2005-12-13", "event": "Honda press event, Tokyo", "url": "https://global.honda/en/newsroom/news/2005/c051213-asimo-eng.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold; leased for events" }, "components": { "actuators": "34 degrees of freedom (up from 26), with 1 degree of freedom added in the torso.", "hands": "2 degrees of freedom per hand; force (kinesthetic) sensors in the wrists let ASIMO hand over objects and push carts in step with a person.", "sensors": "Visual sensors in the head, a floor surface sensor and an ultrasonic sensor; Honda's IC Tele-interaction Communication Card lets it locate and identify people carrying the card within 360 degrees.", "battery": "51.8 V, 10 Ah lithium-ion pack with 14 cells (Honda R&D Technical Review, 2006).", "other": "130 cm and 54 kg; ran at 6 km/h, a first for the ASIMO line.", "sources": [ "hs-a2d092f1f3", "hs-519f901798" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Never sold; leased for events (Honda)", "where": "Japan, with appearances worldwide" }, "news": [ { "date": "2007", "title": "Robots share tasks and charge themselves", "summary": "Honda added multi-robot task sharing and autonomous battery charging.", "publisher": "Honda", "url": "https://global.honda/en/ASIMO/history/" }, { "date": "2005-12-13", "title": "New ASIMO runs at 6 km/h", "summary": "Honda introduced a new ASIMO that could run at 6 km/h and push carts.", "publisher": "Honda", "url": "https://global.honda/en/newsroom/news/2005/c051213-asimo-eng.html" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/honda-asimo-2005.jpg", "author": "Honda Motor Co., Ltd.", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://global.honda/en/newsroom/news/2005/c051213-asimo-eng.html", "page": "https://global.honda/en/newsroom/news/2005/c051213-asimo-eng.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 900, "h": 675 } }, { "id": "kit-armar-iii-2006", "name": "ARMAR-III", "maker": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (H2T, Tamim Asfour)", "makerId": "karlsruhe-institute-of", "country": "Germany", "year": 2006, "date": "2006", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "home" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": 150, "dof": 43, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Its robot kitchen at KIT became a standard testbed for household humanoid research.", "deployments": "Loaded dishwashers and fetched drinks in KIT's lab kitchen; a second unit, ARMAR-IIIb, followed in 2008.", "summary": "A wheeled household humanoid with a 7-DOF head, 7-DOF arms and 8-DOF hands on a holonomic base with laser scanners. It followed ARMAR-I (2000) and led to later ARMAR generations.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-aa271d2353", "hs-9e343cd73e", "hs-6ff89673f9" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2006", "event": "KIT / SFB 588 research project", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "43 degrees of freedom (KIT H2T); over 43 joints on a humanoid upper body mounted on a holonomic wheeled base.", "sensors": "More than 50 sensors: two cameras per eye (wide and narrow angle), six microphones and a 6D inertial sensor in the head, plus force-torque, tactile, position and velocity sensors, and laser scanners.", "compute": "Five computers and ten further specialised processor units (KIT).", "battery": "Two on-board batteries; capacity not published.", "other": "About 175 cm and 150 kg. Showcased household tasks in the KIT robot kitchen, such as loading a dishwasher and fetching drinks from a fridge. Funded within German Research Foundation (DFG) Collaborative Research Centre SFB 588.", "sources": [ "hs-9e343cd73e", "hs-aa271d2353", "hs-f710d07f0e" ] }, "production": { "built": "Two: ARMAR-IIIa (2006) and ARMAR-IIIb (2008) (KIT).", "sold": "Never sold.", "where": "Germany" }, "news": [ { "date": "2008", "title": "Second copy, ARMAR-IIIb", "summary": "KIT completed a second version of the robot.", "publisher": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology", "url": "https://www.100objekte.kit.edu/en/object/082" }, { "date": "2006", "title": "ARMAR-III completed", "summary": "KIT finished the household humanoid within the DFG SFB 588 programme; it is now in the KIT history exhibition.", "publisher": "KIT H2T (High Performance Humanoid Technologies)", "url": "https://h2t.iar.kit.edu/397.php" } ], "video": { "id": "SHMSyYLRQPM", "title": "The humanoid robot ARMAR-III", "channel": "HumanoidRobots (KIT H2T lab channel)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/kit-armar-iii-2006-1.jpg", "author": "NatiSythen", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KIT_Armar_43.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 662, "h": 1000 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/karlsruhe-institute-of.png", "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_KIT.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_KIT.svg", "article": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology" } }, { "id": "usc-bandit-2006", "name": "Bandit", "maker": "USC Interaction Lab and BlueSky Robotics", "makerId": "usc-interaction-lab", "country": "United States", "year": 2006, "date": "2006", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "care", "social" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": 56, "weightKg": 7.7, "dof": 19, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 15000, "priceNote": "Listed research-unit cost of about USD 15,000; six copies built 2007-2008", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "An upper-body social robot with an expressive face, two 7-joint arms and gripper hands, used in research on socially assistive robotics for children with autism, stroke rehabilitation and exercise coaching for older adults. It can sit on a wheeled base for mobility; included despite its 56 cm height because it is a research platform, not a toy.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-c5acd763e6", "hs-79ccf1f69f", "hs-899b004324" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2006", "event": "USC Interaction Lab research platform (year)", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot" }, "components": { "actuators": "19 DoF in total (7 per arm, 5 in the head), driven by 12 DC motors and seven servos.", "hands": "Simple gripper hands on two 7-joint arms; IEEE Spectrum (2010) described 6-DoF arms on an earlier configuration.", "sensors": "Two FireWire cameras in the head as eyes (stereo); a Microsoft Kinect and custom IMUs depending on the study.", "compute": "Intel Core 2 Duo mini PC on board.", "battery": "Runs from a 12 V, 6 A power supply (tethered power listed; no battery figure).", "materials": "Plastic, aluminium and circuit boards; about 56 cm tall and 7.7 kg for the upper body.", "software": "64-bit Ubuntu with ROS and custom control software developed in the lab.", "other": "Expressive face with movable mouth and eyebrows and a pan-tilt head. Used in socially assistive robotics studies for children with autism, post-stroke rehabilitation and exercise coaching for older adults; it can be mounted on a wheeled base. First prototype 2004, improved 2006-07.", "sources": [ "hs-79ccf1f69f", "hs-37a4ca1135" ] }, "production": { "built": "Six copies built in 2007-2008", "sold": "Research robot; listed cost about USD 15,000", "where": "Los Angeles, USA (USC with BlueSky Robotics)", "customers": "USC Interaction Lab studies with children with autism, stroke patients and older adults" }, "news": [ { "date": "2010-04-19", "title": "USC shows off Bandit and other lab robots", "summary": "IEEE Spectrum showed Bandit coaching and encouraging older adults through exercises and noted its use with children with autism.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/041910-bandit-little-dog-and-more-usc-shows-off-its-robots" }, { "date": "2010-01-29", "title": "Mataric's caregiving robots profiled", "summary": "A profile of Maja Mataric described Bandit blowing bubbles and mirroring children with autism while logging their behaviour for later analysis.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/caregiver-robots" } ], "video": { "id": "H-jmQ69n73s", "title": "USC Caregiving Robot Bandit", "channel": "IEEE Spectrum" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/usc-bandit-2006.jpg", "author": "USC Interaction Lab and BlueSky Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://rasc.usc.edu/files/2019/11/bandit-1.png", "page": "https://rasc.usc.edu/files/2019/11/bandit-1.png", "kind": "maker", "w": 242, "h": 552 } }, { "id": "atr-sarcos-cb-2006", "name": "CB (Computational Brain) / CB-i", "maker": "ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories and JST ICORP, hardware by SARCOS", "makerId": "atr-computational-neuroscience", "country": "Japan", "year": 2006, "date": "2006", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 155, "weightKg": 85, "dof": 51, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "In January 2008 it walked on a treadmill in Kyoto driven in real time by decoded brain signals from a monkey walking at Duke University in the US.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A hydraulic full-size humanoid built by SARCOS for ATR's Computational Brain project to study how the brain controls the body, with 1 kHz force control of 50-plus joints; the CB-i version was autonomous. It succeeded SARCOS's earlier DB humanoid for ATR. Height, weight (without battery) and DoF are for CB-i.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-dc568af7f3", "hs-72396ee25e" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2006", "event": "Described in Cheng et al., Advanced Robotics (submitted December 2006)", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Joint-level position, velocity and force sensing and control at 1 kHz across about 50 DoF (Advanced Robotics paper); CB-i has 51 DoF with joint angle, velocity, torque and impedance control modes (JST). Hardware built by SARCOS. Actuator type (hydraulic, as stated in the atlas summary) was not confirmed in the pages read.", "hands": "Five independently controlled fingers per hand for pointing, grasping and gripping; arms are 7 DoF and carry up to 3 kg (JST figures).", "sensors": "Four video cameras and two microphones in a 7-DoF head; gyro and accelerometer for posture; joint angle, velocity and force feedback at every joint.", "compute": "Real-time, network-based control architecture covering all joints; in 2008 a stream-based network link carried decoded monkey brain signals from Duke University (US) to the robot at ATR in Japan.", "battery": "CB-i weighs 85 kg without its battery (JST); battery details not published.", "materials": "155 cm tall; torso flexes and bends sideways like a human's; 7-DoF legs and a yaw waist.", "software": "Dynamic simulator used as a test bed and common interface, with a contact model to validate controllers before hardware tests; biologically inspired central pattern generator walking controller developed with CMU.", "other": "Built for the JST ICORP Computational Brain Project (director Mitsuo Kawato, ATR) to test brain models on a full-size body; successor to the DB (Dynamic Brain) robot of the 1996-2001 ERATO Kawato project.", "sources": [ "hs-dc568af7f3", "hs-72396ee25e", "hs-f62eb63170" ] }, "production": { "built": "Not stated (research platform)", "sold": "Not sold; research robot", "where": "SARCOS, Salt Lake City, US (hardware); operated at ATR, Kyoto area, Japan", "customers": "ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories / JST ICORP; collaborators Duke University (Miguel Nicolelis lab) and CMU (Christopher Atkeson)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2008-01-15", "title": "Monkey brain signals drive CB-i walking in Japan", "summary": "JST announced that decoded leg-area neural signals from a monkey walking at Duke drove CB-i's legs in Kyoto in real time over the internet.", "publisher": "Japan Science and Technology Agency", "url": "https://www.jst.go.jp/pr/info/info461/index_e.html" }, { "date": "2007", "title": "CB platform described in Advanced Robotics", "summary": "Cheng, Hyon, Morimoto, Ude, Hale, Colvin, Scroggin and Jacobsen published the CB design, control architecture and simulator.", "publisher": "Technical University of Munich research portal", "url": "https://portal.fis.tum.de/en/publications/cb-a-humanoid-research-platform-for-exploring-neuroscience-2/" } ], "video": { "id": "Kmud19SxIog", "title": "Brain science research using humanoid robots at ATR", "channel": "GetRobo" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/atr-sarcos-cb-2006-1.jpg", "author": "Z22", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SARCOS_humanoid.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 750, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "osaka-university-cb2-2006", "name": "CB2 (Child-robot with Biomimetic Body)", "maker": "Osaka University", "makerId": "osaka-university", "country": "Japan", "year": 2006, "date": "2006", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 130, "weightKg": 33, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A child-sized android modelled on a two-year-old, with soft silicone skin, tactile sensors and flexible actuators, used to study how robots might learn and develop like infants.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-1703581cbc", "hs-8d3b298281" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2006", "event": "Osaka University reveal", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "51 pneumatic actuators for the body plus 5 DC motors for the eyeballs and eyelids; 63 DoF in total (eyes 5 x 2, eyebrows 2, cheeks 2, mouth 5, neck 4, arms and hands 11 x 2, legs 7 x 2, waist 4).", "hands": "Arm-and-hand chains of 11 DoF each, air-driven; no separate hand spec published.", "sensors": "Two cameras in the eyes, two microphones in the ears, and 197 tactile sensors under the soft skin.", "compute": "Off-board Linux cluster handling actuator control, image and sound processing and touch data.", "battery": "Tethered: external power supply and air compressor.", "materials": "Plastic skull, metal skeleton, urethane foam and soft silicone-type skin; 130 cm, 33 kg.", "software": "Research software for developmental learning; it could imitate facial expressions and make baby-like movements.", "other": "Modelled on a roughly two-year-old child; could stand up only with human help. Built in the JST ERATO Asada Synergistic Intelligence Project (Minato, Yoshikawa, Noda, Ikemoto, Ishiguro, Asada).", "sources": [ "hs-d43b1f616e" ] }, "production": { "built": "Not stated (research prototype)", "sold": "Not sold; research robot", "where": "Osaka University, Japan" }, "news": [ { "date": "2007-11", "title": "CB2 design presented at IEEE Humanoids 2007", "summary": "Minato, Yoshikawa, Noda, Ikemoto, Ishiguro and Asada presented CB2 as a child robot for cognitive developmental robotics.", "publisher": "Crossref (IEEE record)", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works?query.bibliographic=CB2+child+robot+with+biomimetic+body+cognitive+developmental+robotics&rows=4&select=title,DOI,issued,container-title,author,abstract" } ], "video": { "id": "rP1S1NowC1A", "title": "ERATO浅田共創知能システムプロジェクト　1", "channel": "JST Channel" }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/osaka-university.png", "author": "ATR", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ATR_logo_2015.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ATR_logo_2015.svg", "article": "File:ATR logo 2015.svg" } }, { "id": "kitech-ever-2-muse-2006", "name": "EveR-2 Muse", "maker": "Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH)", "makerId": "korea-institute-of-industrial", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2006, "date": "2006", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": 61, "dof": 23, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Described as the first android that can sing.", "deployments": null, "summary": "Second EveR android with soft skin over the whole body, wider-angle cameras and better speech; it sang a Korean ballad at the opening of Robot World 2006 in Seoul.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-c1292da8fa" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2006", "event": "Robot World 2006, Seoul", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Motors with gears and belts in the shoulders, elbows and neck; safety brakes on neck, waist, pelvis, knee and ankle joints; approaching sensors and potentiometers for homing. Total 59 DoF (KITECH, IFAC 2008).", "hands": "4 DoF per hand using a mix of linkages and tendons; middle and ring fingers move together.", "sensors": "Two small CCD cameras in the eyes and a microphone (KITECH, IFAC 2008).", "compute": "Four computing units (vision, brain, motion and dialogue); the motion computer talks to the robot over CAN, the others over TCP/IP LAN.", "materials": "Fibreglass-reinforced plastic inner shell bolted to the frame; 165 cm tall and 60 kg (KITECH, IFAC 2008).", "software": "Dialogue-database conversation engine, lip sync for speech and singing, about 100 stored gestures, offline motion builder; six facial emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, surprise, anger, disgust).", "other": "Added a 12-DoF lower body so it could stand and sing; aimed at exhibition guiding, reading fairy tales and singing. Co-developed with Solubot Inc. per the paper's author list.", "sources": [ "hs-c1292da8fa" ] }, "production": { "built": "Not stated (research prototype)", "sold": "Not sold; research robot", "where": "KITECH, Ansan, South Korea" }, "news": [ { "date": "2009", "title": "EveR-3’s stage performances in 2009", "summary": "KITECH reported that EveR-3 appeared in musical performances, plays and a fashion show in 2009.", "publisher": "KITECH / UR 2010 conference program", "url": "https://ewh.ieee.org/soc/ras/conf/technicallycosponsored/ur/UR2020/www.past.kros.org/UR/2010.pdf" }, { "date": "2008-07", "title": "KITECH details EveR-2 hardware at IFAC 2008", "summary": "A paper at the IFAC World Congress in Seoul described EveR-2's 59-DoF body, four-computer software and dialogue system.", "publisher": "IFAC World Congress 2008 (NTNU proceedings mirror)", "url": "https://skoge.folk.ntnu.no/prost/proceedings/ifac2008/data/papers/2566.pdf" }, { "date": "2006-10-18", "title": "EveR-2 Muse at Robot World 2006", "summary": "KBS reported EveR-2 Muse among the robots featured at Robot World 2006 in Seoul.", "publisher": "KBS World", "url": "https://world.kbs.co.kr/service/contents_view.htm?board_code=news_pnews&board_seq=306682&id=&lang=e&menu_cate=photos&page=416" } ] }, { "id": "ishiguro-geminoid-hi-1-2006", "name": "Geminoid HI-1", "maker": "ATR and Osaka University (Hiroshi Ishiguro) with Kokoro", "makerId": "osaka-university", "country": "Japan", "year": 2006, "date": "2006", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "social" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": 100, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "First android built as an exact copy of a living person (its creator), used to study the feeling of human presence.", "deployments": "Used by Ishiguro for telepresence lectures and research; later Geminoids include F and DK.", "summary": "A seated, teleoperated silicone twin of roboticist Hiroshi Ishiguro, with his own hair and his voice relayed live. Height is the reported 5 ft 9 in and weight 220 lb, converted.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-3ed67c6046", "hs-88d4e70cf9" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2006", "event": "Unveiled by Ishiguro, ATR and Kokoro", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "50 pneumatic actuators: 13 in the face, 15 in the torso, 22 in arms and legs; driven by an external air compressor.", "sensors": "Tactile sensors; the operator station uses a microphone and a face-tracking camera to copy voice, lips and head movement.", "compute": "External teleoperation unit and air-valve system.", "materials": "Silicone rubber skin cast from Ishiguro, fibre-reinforced plastic skull, metal and plastic frame, urethane foam, and hair including Ishiguro's own.", "software": "Windows with custom control and teleoperation software; adds idle motions such as blinking and breathing.", "other": "Seated, cannot walk; 60 kg.", "sources": [ "hs-3ed67c6046" ] }, "production": { "built": "1", "sold": "never sold", "where": "Japan", "customers": "Osaka University and ATR" }, "news": [ { "date": "2010-04", "title": "IEEE Spectrum profiles Ishiguro and his twin", "summary": "Spectrum reports years of tests in which volunteers held natural conversations with the teleoperated copy.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/hiroshi-ishiguro-the-man-who-made-a-copy-of-himself" } ], "video": { "id": "fhS9KkOXDXE", "title": "Hiroshi Ishiguro Introduces the Geminoid HI-1", "channel": "IEEE Spectrum" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/ishiguro-geminoid-hi-1-2006-1.jpg", "author": "Shervinafshar", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hiroshi_Ishiguro_and_Geminoid_HI-1_at_AEC.JPG", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 750, "h": 1000 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/osaka-university.png", "author": "ATR", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ATR_logo_2015.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ATR_logo_2015.svg", "article": "File:ATR logo 2015.svg" } }, { "id": "cmu-herb-2006", "name": "HERB (Home Exploring Robot Butler)", "maker": "Carnegie Mellon University (later University of Washington), Siddhartha Srinivasa lab", "makerId": "carnegie-mellon-university", "country": "United States", "year": 2006, "date": "2006", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "home" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A two-armed butler robot on a Segway base with a pan-tilt camera head, used to research household manipulation such as kitchen tasks. It counts here as a wheeled humanoid only loosely: it has arms and a head but a mast rather than a human-like torso.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-2344ba8812", "hs-122ea20e82" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2006", "event": "CMU prototype (Busboy) in 2006", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Two 7-DoF Barrett WAM arms (compliant, for safer contact with people) on a Segway RMP 200 base; 27 DoF in total (head 2, arms 7 x 2, hands 4 x 2, base 3).", "hands": "4 DoF per hand; three-fingered grippers.", "sensors": "SLR camera, gigabit-Ethernet monocular camera, RGB-D camera, custom spinning 3D laser, infrared navigation system, planar base lasers, microphone, tactile pads, force-torque sensors and strain gauges.", "compute": "Three on-board Dell Precision M6500 mobile workstations, each with 12 GB RAM and a 256 GB SSD.", "battery": "Two 56 V, 20 Ah lithium-ion packs for arms, computers and sensors, plus the Segway's own lithium-ion batteries; HERB 2.0 ran up to about six hours untethered.", "materials": "140 cm tall, 127 kg; custom electronics, cooling and power in the 2010 redesign.", "software": "Linux with custom control software and ROS integration; object recognition, grasp and motion planning, and real-time 3D mapping for manipulation in clutter.", "other": "Top speed about 5.4 km/h. Initial funding from Intel and the NSF-backed Quality of Life Technology Center. Demonstrations included microwaving food, carrying a tray, and separating Oreo cookies.", "sources": [ "hs-9fe4287a43", "hs-34031f1056", "hs-89b6084abf", "hs-99715b7a02" ] }, "production": { "built": "1 evolving platform (Busboy 2006, HERB 1.0 2008, HERB 2.0 2010)", "sold": "Not sold; research robot", "where": "Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, US; lab later moved to the University of Washington", "customers": "Intel (early funder/partner); Oreo 'Cookie vs. Creme' campaign video (2013)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2016-05-24", "title": "A decade into HERB, clutter is the next challenge", "summary": "WESA reported that ten years in, CMU was teaching HERB to push clutter aside with its whole arm.", "publisher": "WESA", "url": "https://www.wesanews.org/science-health-tech/2016-05-24/meet-herb-a-robot-to-one-day-help-around-the-house" }, { "date": "2013-03-08", "title": "HERB Debuts in Oreo \"Cookie vs. Creme\" Video", "summary": "HERB separated an Oreo and scraped off its creme in a campaign video that debuted March 8, 2013.", "publisher": "Carnegie Mellon University", "url": "https://www.cs.cmu.edu/news/2013/herb-debuts-oreo-cookie-vs-creme-video" }, { "date": "2012", "title": "Lessons from HERB 2.0 published", "summary": "Srinivasa and colleagues published lessons from building HERB 2.0 in the Proceedings of the IEEE.", "publisher": "UW Personal Robotics Lab", "url": "https://personalrobotics.cs.washington.edu/publications/srinivasa2012herb/" } ], "video": { "id": "PEg9ay-Wy-M", "title": "Herb: Robot Butler", "channel": "CMU Robotics Institute" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/cmu-herb-2006.jpg", "author": "Carnegie Mellon University, Siddhartha Srinivasa lab", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20151218143143/http://personalrobotics.ri.cmu.edu/", "page": "https://web.archive.org/web/20151218143143/http://personalrobotics.ri.cmu.edu/", "kind": "maker", "w": 667, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "unam-justina-2006", "name": "Justina", "maker": "UNAM Bio-Robotics Laboratory, School of Engineering (team Pumas, Jesus Savage)", "makerId": "unam-bio-laboratory", "country": "Mexico", "year": 2006, "date": "2006", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "home" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Its team took third place in RoboCup@Home 2007 in Atlanta, the first Ibero-American podium in that league.", "deployments": "Competed in RoboCup@Home since 2006, finishing second in 2018 and 2019 and winning the Mexican Robotics Tournament in 2017.", "summary": "Mexico's long-running domestic service robot: a mechatronic head with camera and microphone array, a torso that rises and lowers to reach the floor or high shelves, and two 7-DoF arms on an omnidirectional base, running UNAM's VIRBOT architecture on ROS. It has been rebuilt over the years since its 2006 debut, gaining a friendlier blue face in 2017.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-97c38e257c", "hs-8f71418b58", "hs-ad5e4661e3", "hs-ed59e24682" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2006", "event": "Debut at RoboCup 2006 @Home, Bremen", "url": "https://unamglobal.unam.mx/global_revista/justina-robot-mexicana-con-inteligencia-artificial-competira-en-japon/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/unam-justina-2006.jpg", "author": "UNAM Bio-Robotics Laboratory, School of Engineering (team Pumas, Jesus Savage)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://biorobotics.fi-p.unam.mx/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/justina2018_PNG-957x1024.png", "page": "https://biorobotics.fi-p.unam.mx/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/justina2018_PNG-957x1024.png", "kind": "maker", "w": 935, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "riken-ri-man-2006", "name": "RI-MAN", "maker": "RIKEN Bio-Mimetic Control Research Center", "makerId": "riken-bio-mimetic-control-research-center", "country": "Japan", "year": 2006, "date": "2006-03-13", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "care" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 158, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "none", "firsts": "Presented as the world's first robot built to lift and carry people; named one of TIME's best inventions of 2006.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A soft-skinned care humanoid covered in tactile sensor sheets that used vision, hearing and smell to find a caller and lift a person-sized doll in its arms. In 2006 it carried a 12 kg doll; RIKEN later said its best was an 18.5 kg doll, and the work fed into the RIBA project.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-b187301729", "hs-c33062bad4", "hs-bd7ef1a8ed", "hs-9f8455434a" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2006-03-13", "event": "RIKEN press announcement", "url": "https://www.riken.jp/medialibrary/riken/pr/press/2006/20060313_1/20060313_1_en.pdf" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "RIKEN credited a 'coupled-drive' mechanism and whole-body power use, like a person lifting with all muscles; maker claims it could hold up to 35 kg. Motor type and count not stated in the English release.", "hands": "No hands for gripping; it cradled people-sized dolls on its forearms and chest, with tactile sensor sheets on the arms and chest sensing how the weight was spread.", "sensors": "Tactile sensors embedded in the arms and chest (64-element tactile sheets, about 15 ms to process one sheet, per RIKEN's 2009 review); vision, hearing (sound-source finding) and smell sensors.", "compute": "Hierarchical distributed processing modelled on the brain, linking senses to motion (RIKEN). Specific computers not identified in the English sources read.", "other": "Operating noise 60.0 dB(A) (RIKEN, 2009). Name stands for Robot Interacting with Human. Lifted a 12 kg doll at the 2006 launch; RIKEN later gave 18.5 kg (a doll in a set seated position) as its best lift.", "sources": [ "hs-bd7ef1a8ed", "hs-b187301729", "hs-c33062bad4", "hs-9f8455434a" ] }, "production": { "built": "1 research prototype", "sold": "not sold", "where": "RIKEN Bio-Mimetic Control Research Center (Nagoya, Japan)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2009-08", "title": "RIBA succeeds RI-MAN and lifts real people", "summary": "RIKEN and Tokai Rubber unveiled RIBA, which built on RI-MAN and could lift a patient of up to 61 kg, versus RI-MAN's 18.5 kg doll.", "publisher": "RIKEN", "url": "https://www.riken.jp/en/news_pubs/research_news/pr/2009/20090827/" }, { "date": "2006-03", "title": "RIKEN unveils RI-MAN, a robot that holds a person", "summary": "RIKEN announced RI-MAN, which used tactile sensors in its arms and chest to cradle a 12 kg doll.", "publisher": "RIKEN", "url": "https://www.riken.jp/medialibrary/riken/pr/press/2006/20060313_1/20060313_1_en.pdf" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/riken-ri-man-2006.jpg", "author": "RIKEN Bio-Mimetic Control Research Center", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20090901164556/http://rtc.nagoya.riken.jp/RI-MAN/index_us.html", "page": "https://web.archive.org/web/20090901164556/http://rtc.nagoya.riken.jp/RI-MAN/index_us.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 480, "h": 347 } }, { "id": "waseda-wabian-2-2006", "name": "WABIAN-2", "maker": "Waseda University (Atsuo Takanishi lab) with Kanagawa University", "makerId": "waseda-university", "country": "Japan", "year": 2006, "date": "2006-05", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "care" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Described as the first robot built to help makers test walking-assistance devices.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A full-size biped built on the 2005 WABIAN-2/LL leg machine (7-DoF legs, 2-DoF waist) with an upper body that bends and twists, so it could lean on and push a walker; it was used to test walking aids for older people before human trials. A revised WABIAN-2R later studied human-like heel-to-toe walking.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-32f0b73f88", "hs-933159f9c0" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2006-05", "event": "Reported by EE Times (22 May 2006) as a robot to test walking-assistance devices", "url": "https://www.eetimes.com/?p=1161477" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "hands": "Arms were built to bear the robot's weight while pushing a walker; no dexterous hand described in the sources read.", "software": "Walking patterns generated with the zero-moment-point (ZMP) criterion; a genetic algorithm tuned walking parameters for smooth heel-contact and toe-off foot trajectories (2008 paper).", "other": "Trunk that rotates and bends so it can lean on and push a walker; built to give makers of walking aids a quantitative human-like test subject. A later foot design added one passive toe joint, and walking was checked against human data using ground-reaction-force measurements.", "sources": [ "hs-32f0b73f88", "hs-933159f9c0" ] }, "production": { "built": "1 research platform (later revised as WABIAN-2R)", "sold": "not sold", "where": "Waseda University (Takanishi lab), Tokyo, with Kanagawa University, Yokohama" }, "news": [ { "date": "2008-10", "title": "Paper shows WABIAN-2 walking heel-to-toe like a person", "summary": "A Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics paper reported a passive-toe foot and optimised gait that made WABIAN-2's walking resemble human walking.", "publisher": "Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics (Fuji Technology Press)", "url": "https://www.fujipress.jp/jrm/rb/robot002000050739/" }, { "date": "2006-05", "title": "Waseda biped built to test walking aids", "summary": "EE Times reported WABIAN-2 as the first robot designed to help makers test walkers and other walking-assistance devices.", "publisher": "EE Times", "url": "https://www.eetimes.com/?p=1161477" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/waseda-wabian-2-2006-1.jpg", "author": "British Embassy TokyoUK in Japan- FCO", "license": "CC BY 2.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WABIAN_2R_and_Boris_Johnson_20170720.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 1000, "h": 666 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/waseda-university.png", "author": "Waseda University", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waseda_University_Logo.png", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waseda_University_Logo.png", "article": "File:Waseda University Logo.png" } }, { "id": "kitech-ever-1-2003", "name": "EveR-1", "maker": "Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH)", "makerId": "korea-institute-of-industrial", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2006, "date": "2006-05-04", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": 160, "weightKg": 50, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Development cost reported as about 300 million won (state funded); not a sale price", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Presented as a Korean rival to Japan's Actroid android.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A Korean android with 35 small motors in its upper body, 15 facial expressions, eyes that follow people and a 400-word Korean and English vocabulary; built in one year for about 300 million won.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-31eb865071", "hs-991d490cae", "hs-c1292da8fa" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2006-05-04", "event": "Public unveiling of EveR-1 at Seoul Education Culture Center", "url": "https://www.etnews.com/200605040023" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "35 miniature motors in the upper body; some movements reportedly used a hydraulic system. No legs (upper body only).", "hands": "Silicone-covered hands; DoF not published.", "sensors": "Small CCD cameras in the eyes with motion-tracking processing, so the eyes and head follow people.", "materials": "Pliable silicone skin on the face and hands; hard covering on the rest of the body. 160 cm, 50 kg.", "software": "Recognised about 400 Korean and English words and replied verbally; 15 facial expressions.", "other": "Face reportedly a composite of two Korean actresses. Reported state funding of about 300 million won, built in about a year.", "sources": [ "hs-31eb865071", "hs-c1292da8fa", "hs-fe06920b93" ] }, "production": { "built": "Not stated (research prototype)", "sold": "Not sold; research robot", "where": "KITECH, South Korea" }, "news": [ { "date": "2008-07", "title": "KITECH paper details the EveR line", "summary": "An IFAC 2008 paper on EveR-2 noted that EveR-1 moved only from the torso up and cited a 2006 EveR-1 paper.", "publisher": "IFAC World Congress 2008 (NTNU proceedings mirror)", "url": "https://skoge.folk.ntnu.no/prost/proceedings/ifac2008/data/papers/2566.pdf" }, { "date": "2006-05-04", "title": "South Korea creates female android", "summary": "KITECH presented EveR-1 at Seoul Education Culture Center; contemporary coverage is dated May 4, 2006, rather than 2003.", "publisher": "United Press International (via Phys.org)", "url": "https://phys.org/news/2006-05-south-korea-female-android.html" } ], "video": { "id": "O5kTn-emWSY", "title": "생산기술연구원, 인조인간로봇 '에버원' 첫 선보여", "channel": "뉴스와이어 (Korea Newswire)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kitech-ever-1-2003.jpg", "author": "Korea Institute of Industrial Technology", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.newswire.co.kr/newsRead.php?no=148750", "page": "https://www.newswire.co.kr/newsRead.php?no=148750", "kind": "maker", "w": 433, "h": 605 } }, { "id": "uni-freiburg-bonn-robotinho-2006", "name": "Robotinho", "maker": "University of Freiburg and University of Bonn (team NimbRo, Sven Behnke)", "makerId": "university-of-freiburg", "country": "Germany", "year": 2006, "date": "2006-09", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "social" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Early humanoid communication robot: it conducted twelve cellists of the Berlin Philharmonic in 2006 and later guided visitors at the Deutsches Museum Bonn while talking during navigation, not only at exhibits.", "deployments": "Communication robot at RoboCup@Home 2009 (NimbRo innovation award) and autonomous tour guide at the Deutsches Museum Bonn in January 2010.", "summary": "A lightweight humanoid from team NimbRo with an expressive 15-DoF head; it can walk, but for museum tours it was placed on an omnidirectional wheeled base where it stands about 160 cm tall. It used gestures, facial expressions and speech to guide and entertain visitors.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-9c5f7eedd6", "hs-d5848013b9" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2006-09", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/uni-freiburg-bonn-robotinho-2006.jpg", "author": "University of Freiburg and University of Bonn", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://ais.uni-bonn.de/nimbro/@Home/robots.html", "page": "https://ais.uni-bonn.de/nimbro/@Home/robots.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 665, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "hitachi-emiew2-2007", "name": "EMIEW2", "maker": "Hitachi", "makerId": "hitachi", "country": "Japan", "year": 2007, "date": "2007", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "social", "retail" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 80, "weightKg": 13, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 6, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A much smaller, lighter successor to EMIEW, about 80 cm and 13 kg, with the same 6 km/h top speed; EMIEW3 (2016) kept nearly the same look.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-d3e848e83b", "hs-66c2346b1e", "hs-3015b01ef4" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2007", "event": "Hitachi reveal", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "sensors": "Cameras and a laser range finder to detect people and obstacles in real time (IEEE Spectrum, 2014).", "software": "Navigation from digital maps stored in memory; a 2014 update added learned zones where it slows or changes course (e.g., blind corners) based on recorded activity.", "other": "80 cm tall and 13 kg; 27 degrees of freedom; top speed 6 km/h; leg-wheel mechanism switches between two-wheel travel and a stable four-wheel posture. Name stands for Excellent Mobility and Interactive Existence as Workmate (Hitachi, 2007).", "sources": [ "hs-d3e848e83b", "hs-5d0d071574" ] }, "production": { "sold": "never sold; Hitachi had not said whether it would be commercialised (2014)", "where": "Hitachi R&D, Japan" }, "news": [ { "date": "2014-04", "title": "EMIEW2 learns office hotspots", "summary": "Hitachi updated EMIEW2's navigation so it slows at blind corners and avoids busy areas in offices and hospitals.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/hitachi-emiew-robot-learns-to-navigate-around-the-office" } ], "video": { "id": "3zCy-R42VTg", "title": "ロボット EMIEW ～生活をサポートするロボット～ - 日立", "channel": "Hitachi (official brand channel)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/hitachi-emiew2-2007.jpg", "author": "Hitachi", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.hitachi.co.jp/New/cnews/month/2012/02/0221a.html", "page": "https://www.hitachi.co.jp/New/cnews/month/2012/02/0221a.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 550, "h": 402 } }, { "id": "university-of-tokyo-kojiro-2007", "name": "Kojiro", "maker": "University of Tokyo JSK Lab", "makerId": "university-of-tokyo-jsk-lab", "country": "Japan", "year": 2007, "date": "2007", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 135, "weightKg": 45, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A musculoskeletal humanoid from Masayuki Inaba's lab that copies the human skeleton, with cable-driven motors acting as muscles and tendons and a flexible spine of many joints.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-2c40b8b600", "hs-9acc90947e" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2007", "event": "JSK Lab research reveal", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "99 DC motors pulling cables as artificial muscles (three 1.5 W, twenty 4.5 W, seventy-six 40 W); Spectrum describes the main units as brushless DC motors 16 mm across, about 40 W each. About 100 tendon-muscle units give 56-60 degrees of freedom.", "hands": "3 DoF per hand, cable (tendon) driven.", "sensors": "Three cameras in the face; gyros and a three-axis accelerometer in the head; six-axis force sensors in the ankles; joint-angle sensors on spherical joints; each motor unit has a rotary encoder, tension sensor, and current and temperature sensing.", "compute": "Sensor data fed to an off-board computer with a control screen; on-board processors not specified.", "materials": "Mostly light, flexible materials for safer contact; tendons of synthetic fibres (Vectran, Dyneema, Zylon).", "software": "Iterative learning control that tunes parameters from small moves toward complex motion; demos driven with a PlayStation 2 controller.", "other": "Flexible spine with 12 DoF that bends, arches and twists. In one test it was programmed to hula-hoop but managed only two full turns.", "sources": [ "hs-9acc90947e" ] }, "production": { "built": "1 research prototype", "sold": "not sold", "where": "JSK Lab, University of Tokyo" }, "news": [ { "date": "2010-03", "title": "Kojiro mimics the human musculoskeletal system", "summary": "IEEE Spectrum described Kojiro's cable-driven muscles, flexible spine and sensor-rich motor units.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/kojiro-musculoskeletal-humanoid-robot" } ], "video": { "id": "xo0LAqKM8zM", "title": "2008: An Advanced Musculoskeletal Humanoid Kojiro", "channel": "JSK Robotics Laboratory" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/university-of-tokyo-kojiro-2007.jpg", "author": "JSK Laboratory, University of Tokyo", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.jsk.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/research/kojiro.html", "page": "https://www.jsk.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/research/kojiro.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 751 } }, { "id": "uc3m-rh-1-2007", "name": "Rh-1", "maker": "Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (RoboticsLab)", "makerId": "universidad-carlos-iii-de-madrid", "country": "Spain", "year": 2007, "date": "2007", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 130, "weightKg": 50, "dof": 21, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 0.5, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Full-size Spanish biped built entirely at UC3M, redesigned from the earlier Rh-0 to work alongside people; predecessor of TEO.", "deployments": null, "summary": "Full-size walking humanoid developed in a 2005-2007 project, with a sensor head (vision, laser rangefinder, directional microphones), human-like hands and foot pressure sensors; the lab gives about 1.3 m, 21 DoF, about 50 kg and two batteries for 30 minutes (a 2008 UC3M item gave under 1.5 m and 52 kg). It was used for gait research and human-robot collaborative tasks.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-554e427a20", "hs-c426dbb35c", "hs-eaa19055b6" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2007", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/uc3m-rh-1-2007.jpg", "author": "Universidad Carlos III de Madrid", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://roboticslab.uc3m.es/robot/uc3m-humanoid/", "page": "https://roboticslab.uc3m.es/robot/uc3m-humanoid/", "kind": "maker", "w": 571, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "mit-domo-2007", "name": "Domo", "maker": "MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (Humanoid Robotics Group)", "makerId": "mit-computer-science", "country": "United States", "year": 2007, "date": "2007-04-09", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "care", "home" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 29, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "An early humanoid built to work safely with people, with springy series elastic actuators in 22 of its 29 joints so it could feel and yield to human force.", "deployments": null, "summary": "An upper-body humanoid by Aaron Edsinger, successor to MIT's Cog and Kismet, built to help older and disabled people with everyday tasks such as putting objects on shelves. Cameras in its head fed 12 computers; it could judge an object's size by shaking it in its hand.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-854fa406ad", "hs-b5f19a516e", "hs-665ddf7651" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2007-04-09", "event": "MIT News announcement", "url": "https://news.mit.edu/2007/domo" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/mit-domo-2007.jpg", "author": "MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "http://people.csail.mit.edu/edsinger/domo.htm", "page": "https://people.csail.mit.edu/edsinger/image/domo/domo_black.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 735, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "kawada-aist-hrp-3-2007", "name": "HRP-3 Promet Mk-II", "maker": "Kawada Industries, AIST and Kawasaki Heavy Industries (NEDO project)", "makerId": "kawada-industries", "country": "Japan", "year": 2007, "date": "2007-06-21", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 160, "weightKg": 68, "dof": 42, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Built as a 'blue-collar' humanoid with dust-proof, splash-proof joints for outdoor and construction-site work.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 1.6 m, 68 kg humanoid from a five-year NEDO project, with sealed joints, a cooling system and remote-control tools from Kawasaki. A new actuator doubled continuous stepping time to 120 minutes.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-92c678a20c", "hs-01d61c91ca", "hs-c266317fd1" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2007-06-21", "event": "Joint announcement by Kawada, AIST and Kawasaki", "url": "https://global.kawasaki.com/en/corp/newsroom/news/detail/ba_c3070621-1.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "New high-output actuators for walking, doubling continuous stepping time from 60 to 120 minutes.", "hands": "6 DoF per hand (13 DoF per arm assembly including 7 in the arm).", "sensors": "Three-camera stereo vision system, two cameras for teleoperation, laser range sensor, joint encoders, attitude sensor and six-axis force sensors (Kawada Industries, 2008).", "battery": "48 V, 16 Ah NiMH battery; approximately two hours of continuous walking (Kawada Industries, 2008).", "materials": "160 cm, 68 kg with batteries; exterior by Yutaka Izubuchi.", "software": "AIST developed the software; Kawasaki developed a hybrid autonomous/remote-control system with an operator cockpit.", "other": "42 DoF; dust-proof and water-resistant joints and electrics with an internal cooling system, aimed at outdoor work such as construction sites.", "sources": [ "hs-92c678a20c", "hs-a645e6ce65", "hs-01d61c91ca" ] }, "production": { "built": "research prototype", "sold": "never sold", "where": "Japan", "customers": "NEDO project partners Kawada, AIST and Kawasaki" }, "news": [ { "date": "2007-06-21", "title": "HRP-3 Promet Mk-II unveiled", "summary": "Kawada, AIST and Kawasaki announced a dust- and splash-resistant humanoid from a five-year NEDO project.", "publisher": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries", "url": "https://global.kawasaki.com/en/corp/newsroom/news/detail/ba_c3070621-1.html" } ], "video": { "id": "ZyJr0ecPcwY", "title": "人間型ロボットHRP-2・HRP-3【産総研公式】", "channel": "産総研チャンネル (AIST official)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kawada-aist-hrp-3-2007.jpg", "author": "Kawada Industries (robot business now Kawada Robotics Corporation)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.kawadarobot.co.jp/en/history", "page": "https://www.kawadarobot.co.jp/en/history", "kind": "maker", "w": 628, "h": 488 } }, { "id": "aldebaran-nao-2007", "name": "NAO", "maker": "Aldebaran Robotics", "makerId": "aldebaran", "country": "France", "year": 2007, "date": "2007-08", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "education", "research", "social", "healthcare" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 57, "weightKg": 4.8, "dof": 25, "speedKmh": 0.3, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 1.5, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "The most widely used humanoid in education and research, and the standard robot for RoboCup's Standard Platform League. Included despite its small size because of that.", "deployments": "RoboCup Edition shipped March 2008; over 13,000 units were in use in more than 70 countries by 2024, including therapy sessions for autistic children from 2012.", "summary": "A 57 cm programmable humanoid that walks, talks in about 20 languages, recognises faces and gets up after falls. Aldebaran was later owned by SoftBank and, after a 2025 receivership, its assets were bought by Maxvision (Maxtronics), which continues NAO6.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-9ad8f2427d", "hs-9509df8f7a" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2007-08", "event": "Chosen to replace Sony AIBO as RoboCup Standard Platform League robot", "url": "https://robot.watch.impress.co.jp/cda/news/2007/08/21/611.html" }, "released": { "date": "2008-03", "note": "RoboCup Edition; Academic Edition late 2008" }, "components": { "actuators": "25 Portescap brush coreless DC motors in the current NAO6 (25 degrees of freedom: head 2, arms 5 each, pelvis 1, legs 5 each, hands 1 each); 36 magnetic rotary encoders. The RoboCup variant has 21 DoF without actuated hands.", "hands": "1 degree of freedom per hand (open/close); capacitive touch sensing.", "sensors": "Two cameras (VGA in early models, 5 MP OmniVision in NAO6), four microphones, inertial unit (3-axis accelerometer and gyros), two sonar pairs, two infrared emitters, tactile sensors, eight force-sensing resistors in the feet and foot bumpers.", "compute": "AMD Geode 500 MHz (2008), Intel Atom Z530 1.6 GHz (2009 onwards), Intel Atom E3845 quad-core 1.91 GHz with 4 GB RAM and 32 GB SSD (NAO6, 2018).", "battery": "NAO6 uses a 62.5 Wh lithium-ion battery; rated runtime is 60 minutes in active use or 90 minutes in normal use (Maxtronics, 2026).", "materials": "Polycarbonate-ABS plastic, polyamide and carbon-fibre-reinforced thermoplastic; stronger metal joints from the Evolution (V5) model.", "software": "NAOqi, a Linux-based OS (Gentoo, later Yocto); Choregraphe graphical programming, simulator and SDK for C++, Python, Java and more.", "other": "Wi-Fi and Ethernet (later Bluetooth). Official RoboCup Standard Platform League robot since 2007/2008.", "sources": [ "hs-9ad8f2427d", "hs-d2a1cc9022" ] }, "production": { "where": "Worldwide, mainly schools, universities and research labs", "customers": "RoboCup Standard Platform League (from 2008)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-07-10", "title": "Maxvision Secures Core Robot Assets of Aldebaran", "summary": "Maxvision acquired Aldebaran’s core robot assets, including NAO-related technology and intellectual property, and announced a French subsidiary to preserve local R&D and support.", "publisher": "Maxvision Technology", "url": "https://en.maxvision.com.cn/newsDetail/68779D9B4CEDFD0001443874" }, { "date": "2018-06-27", "title": "JTP announces advance sales of NAO6", "summary": "JTP announced advance sales of SoftBank Robotics’ NAO6, with improved CPU, memory, cameras, audio, motors, and connectivity; deliveries were planned for October 2018.", "publisher": "JTP", "url": "https://www.jtp.co.jp/news/2018-06-27-001-2/" }, { "date": "2008-11-03", "title": "UT Austin Villa 2008: Standing on Two Legs", "summary": "UT Austin Villa worked on physical Aldebaran NAO robots starting in March 2008 and entered the first NAO Standard Platform League competition at RoboCup in July 2008.", "publisher": "University of Texas at Austin, Department of Computer Sciences", "url": "https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~pstone/Papers/bib2html-links/hestertr08.pdf" }, { "date": "2007-08", "title": "RoboCup replaces AIBO league with NAO Standard Platform League", "summary": "RoboCup selected NAO to replace Sony AIBO and established the Standard Platform League.", "publisher": "Impress Robot Watch", "url": "https://robot.watch.impress.co.jp/cda/news/2007/08/21/611.html" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/aldebaran-nao-2007.jpg", "author": "ubahnverleih", "license": "CC0", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nao_Robot_(Robocup_2016).jpg", "article": "Nao (robot)", "w": 480, "h": 640 }, "buy": { "url": "https://maxtronics.com/sales-request/", "type": null, "label": "Maker's website", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/aldebaran.png", "author": "Lusheeta", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Softbank_mobile_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Softbank_mobile_logo.svg", "article": "File:Softbank mobile logo.svg" } }, { "id": "hanson-zeno-2007", "name": "Zeno", "maker": "Hanson Robotics", "makerId": "hanson", "country": "United States", "year": 2007, "date": "2007-09-13", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "healthcare", "education" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 43, "weightKg": 2.7, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 14750, "priceNote": "Research/therapy version listed at USD 14,750; a USD 200-300 consumer price floated in 2007 never materialised", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A small walking boy robot with an expressive face made of Hanson's Frubber skin, used for research on human-robot interaction and on autism diagnosis and therapy. Its 36 DoF include 8 in the face, and its design was inspired by the child android David in Brian Aldiss's story 'Supertoys Last All Summer Long'.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-1a712a8bdf", "hs-818c697e36", "hs-0787a15b1c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2007-09-13", "event": "Wired NextFest, Los Angeles", "url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna20748776" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "sold to researchers at about $14,750" }, "components": { "actuators": "Later research version: 36 DoF (arms 12, legs 12, waist 1, neck 3, face 8) using Dynamixel RX-64 servos in legs, hips and shoulders, RX-28 servos in the waist, and Hitec HS-65MG plus Cirrus micro servos to move the Frubber face. The 2007 prototype was described with more than 28 motors.", "hands": "Small hands with grip-load sensors (later version).", "sensors": "Later version: an HD camera in each eye, 3-axis gyroscope, accelerometer and compass, 21 joint load and 30 joint position sensors, cliff, ground-contact, infrared and foot-bump sensors, and three microphones.", "compute": "Later version: 1 GHz Vortex86DX CPU with 1 GB RAM, Wi-Fi and Ethernet. The 2007 prototype was driven wirelessly from an ordinary PC running a variant of Massive Software's AI.", "battery": "Two 18.5 V lithium-ion packs, about 1 hour of operation (later version).", "materials": "Face of Hanson's patented Frubber skin-like elastomer over a plastic and aluminium body.", "software": "Linux (Ubuntu); 2007 demo used Massive Software's decision-making AI; later Robots4Autism versions added NSF-funded CompuCompassion emotion modelling for therapists.", "other": "Sizes differ by version: the 2007 prototype was reported at 17 inches (about 43 cm) and 6 lb.5 cm and 6.5 kg. Styled after Astro Boy. Later commercialised for autism therapy through RoboKind's Robots4Autism programme.", "sources": [ "hs-8726ff0761", "hs-ae53d7b9d4", "hs-62787dd3fc" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sold as a research and therapy platform; Hanson had floated a USD 200-300 consumer price in 2007 that did not materialise", "where": "Richardson, Texas, USA (Hanson Robotics; later RoboKind)", "customers": "Autism research and therapy programmes (Robots4Autism)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2014-02-25", "title": "Zeno used to teach social skills in Robots4Autism", "summary": "Easter Seals Tech described Zeno's expressive face, sensors and emotion-modelling software for autism social-skills sessions.", "publisher": "Easter Seals Tech", "url": "https://www.eastersealstech.com/2014/02/25/robots4autism-teaching-social-skills-for-life/" }, { "date": "2007-09-18", "title": "Zeno debuts at Wired NextFest", "summary": "New Atlas reported Zeno's 28-plus motors, Massive Software AI and wireless PC control.", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/zeno-robot-learns-through-artificial-intelligence/8043" }, { "date": "2007-09-12", "title": "Lifelike boy robot to be shown to students", "summary": "AP reported the 17-inch Frubber-faced prototype would appear at NextFest in Los Angeles and might one day sell for a few hundred dollars.", "publisher": "Associated Press via NBC News", "url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna20748776" } ], "video": { "id": "EI1XCclwuKY", "title": "Zeno Talks and Walks", "channel": "projecthanson" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/hanson-zeno-2007-1.jpg", "author": "Steve Jurvetson from Los Altos, USA", "license": "CC BY 2.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zeno_-_Robotic_Friend_(2218864889).jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 807, "h": 1000 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/hanson.png", "author": "Hanson Robotics Ltd.", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hanson_Robotics_logo.png", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hanson_Robotics_logo.png", "article": "File:Hanson Robotics logo.png" } }, { "id": "waseda-twendy-one-2007", "name": "TWENDY-ONE", "maker": "Waseda University (Shigeki Sugano lab)", "makerId": "waseda-university", "country": "Japan", "year": 2007, "date": "2007-11", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "care", "home", "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 147, "weightKg": 111, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "An early humanoid designed to physically help elderly people, e.g. helping someone sit up, with soft force-sensing hands.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled human-symbiotic robot with soft fingertips, distributed force sensors in its arms and an omnidirectional base, built for housework and elder support.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-36adac847b", "hs-6f9fec95ff", "hs-1c13a01617" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2007-11", "event": "Completed and unveiled at Waseda University", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "51 AC servomotors.", "hands": "Dexterous four-fingered hands; Waseda highlights soft, sensitive hands for handling delicate objects.", "sensors": "Stereo cameras, five six-axis force sensors, 60 position sensors and more than 600 distributed force sensors.", "compute": "Seven Pentium processors on board.", "battery": "Lithium-ion, about 30 minutes of operation.", "materials": "Silicone, plastic and metal; 146.7 cm tall and 111 kg.", "software": "Linux with custom software.", "other": "47 DoF; built to assist elderly people with daily tasks.", "sources": [ "hs-36adac847b" ] }, "production": { "built": "research prototype", "sold": "never sold", "where": "Japan" }, "news": [ { "date": "2007", "title": "TWENDY-ONE unveiled", "summary": "Prof. Shigeki Sugano's team at Waseda introduced a care-assist humanoid with soft, sensitive hands.", "publisher": "Waseda University", "url": "https://www.waseda.jp/top/en/news/88080" } ], "video": { "id": "f7c-mRoEEXw", "title": "Robots of Waseda: TWENDY-ONE", "channel": "Waseda University 早稲田大学" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/waseda-twendy-one-2007.jpg", "author": "Waseda University (Shigeki Sugano lab)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "http://twendyone.com/images/01photo1.jpg", "page": "http://twendyone.com/images/01photo1.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 250, "h": 440 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/waseda-university.png", "author": "Waseda University", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waseda_University_Logo.png", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waseda_University_Logo.png", "article": "File:Waseda University Logo.png" } }, { "id": "tosy-topio-2007", "name": "TOPIO", "maker": "TOSY Robotics", "makerId": "tosy", "country": "Vietnam", "year": 2007, "date": "2007-11-28", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "entertainment", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 188, "weightKg": 120, "dof": 39, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Vietnam's first widely shown humanoid robot, built to play table tennis against people.", "deployments": "Shown at IREX Tokyo 2007, the 2009 Nuremberg toy fair and IREX 2009.", "summary": "A Hanoi-built ping-pong robot (VnExpress, 2007). Height, weight and DOF here describe the robot shown in Tokyo in 2009: 1.88 m, 120 kg and 39 DOF (Masaryk University).", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-336e9fd7ea", "hs-63bc83fb47" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2007-11-28", "event": "First TOPIO exhibited at International Robot Exhibition (IREX), Tokyo", "url": "https://vnexpress.net/robot-viet-ha-nguoi-choi-bong-ban-giua-hoi-cho-nhat-1517340.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "TOPIO 1.0 (2007): hydraulic cylinders, 20 degrees of freedom on a six-legged base. TOPIO 2.0 (2009): DC servo motors, 42 DoF. TOPIO 3.0 (2009): brushless DC servo motors, 39 DoF.", "hands": "5 degrees of freedom per hand on TOPIO 2.0 and 3.0.", "sensors": "Two high-speed cameras for tracking the ping-pong ball (all versions).", "battery": "TOPIO 2.0 and 3.0: lithium-polymer, 48 V 20 Ah; TOPIO 1.0 ran on hydraulic power.", "software": "Fast-moving-object recognition and fast, accurate motion control for table tennis.", "other": "TOPIO 1.0: 185 cm, 300 kg. TOPIO 3.0: 188 cm, 120 kg. Development began in November 2005.", "sources": [ "hs-336e9fd7ea", "hs-a1212117f3" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Never sold", "where": "Vietnam; shown in Japan and Germany" }, "news": [ { "date": "2009-01-22", "title": "TOPIO 2.0 planned for Nuremberg Toy Fair", "summary": "TOSY planned to send its two-legged, electrically powered TOPIO 2.0 to Nuremberg's toy fair.", "publisher": "VnExpress", "url": "https://vnexpress.net/robot-choi-bong-ban-cua-viet-nam-di-chau-au-2119877.html" }, { "date": "2009", "title": "TOPIO 3.0 at Tokyo's international robot exhibition", "summary": "TOPIO 3.0 was shown playing ping-pong at Tokyo's international robot exhibition in 2009.", "publisher": "Yle", "url": "https://yle.fi/a/7-1136957" }, { "date": "2007-11-29", "title": "Vietnamese ping-pong robot attracts attention at Japan exhibition", "summary": "TOSY's hydraulic TOPIO attracted attention at IREX 2007 in Tokyo, which opened on November 28.", "publisher": "VnExpress", "url": "https://vnexpress.net/robot-viet-ha-nguoi-choi-bong-ban-giua-hoi-cho-nhat-1517340.html" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/tosy-topio-2007.jpg", "author": "Humanrobo", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TOPIO_3.jpg", "article": "TOPIO", "w": 640, "h": 426 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/tosy.png", "author": "RoboFi", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TOSY_Robotics_Logo.jpg", "article": "TOSY" } }, { "id": "toyota-violin-robot-2007", "name": "Toyota Partner Robot (violin-playing)", "maker": "Toyota Motor Corporation", "makerId": "toyota", "country": "Japan", "year": 2007, "date": "2007-12-06", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "entertainment", "home", "care" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 152, "weightKg": 56, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Played the violin with vibrato, showing fine hand and arm control (17 joints across hands and arms).", "deployments": "Performed at a Toyota showroom in Tokyo and at the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.", "summary": "A bipedal humanoid that held a violin, fingered the strings and bowed, presented as a step towards robots for housework, nursing and medical care.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-edaaedc209", "hs-4a9d46a9d1", "hs-a4ca6d6121" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2007-12-06", "event": "Toyota press event, Tokyo", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/detail/275807" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "17 computer-controlled joints across the two arms and hands (Toyota); actuator type not disclosed.", "hands": "Dexterous hands: the left hand presses the strings on the fingerboard while the right hand draws the bow, with enough control to produce vibrato.", "other": "1,522 mm tall and 56 kg, bipedal. Toyota presented it as a step towards robots for housework, nursing and medical care; hospital testing was planned for 2008.", "sources": [ "hs-edaaedc209", "hs-4a9d46a9d1", "hs-a4ca6d6121" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Never sold (Toyota demonstration robot).", "where": "Japan; shown abroad at Expo 2010 Shanghai" }, "news": [ { "date": "2010-05", "title": "Violin robot plays at Shanghai Expo", "summary": "The robot played the Chinese folk song Mo Li Hua at the Japan pavilion of Expo 2010 Shanghai.", "publisher": "Singularity Hub", "url": "https://singularityhub.com/2010/05/23/toyotas-robot-violinist-wows-crowd-at-shanghai-expo-2010-video" }, { "date": "2007-12-06", "title": "Toyota unveils violin-playing robot", "summary": "Toyota showed the bipedal violinist in Tokyo alongside a stair-climbing mobility robot.", "publisher": "Toyota Motor Corporation", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/detail/275807" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/toyota-violin-robot-2007.jpg", "author": "Luis Villa del Campo from Madrid, Spain", "license": "CC BY 2.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toyota_Partner_Robot_-_bust_(AMLUX,_2007).jpg", "article": "File:Toyota Partner Robot - bust (AMLUX, 2007).jpg", "w": 640, "h": 480 } }, { "id": "kaist-hubo-2-2008", "name": "HUBO 2 (KHR-4)", "maker": "KAIST Hubo Lab (Jun-Ho Oh)", "makerId": "kaist", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2009, "date": "2008", "status": "discontinued", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 125, "weightKg": 45, "dof": 41, "speedKmh": 3.6, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": 400000, "priceNote": "US$400,000", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Walked with straight knees, unlike most bipeds of the time, and could run.", "deployments": "A later HUBO derivative (DRC-HUBO) won the DARPA Robotics Challenge finals in June 2015.", "summary": "HUBO2 uses a stretched-leg walking gait and can run at up to 3.6 km/h; KAIST's own laboratory history dates its development to 2009.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-ef29a883a5", "hs-2ff797c8ca", "hs-74302f0da0" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2008", "event": "KAIST's own laboratory history describes HUBO2 as developed in 2009.", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "price listed by sale date not confirmed" }, "components": { "actuators": "44 brushless DC motors: 19 x 200 W and 6 x 100 W and 9 x 11 W at 48 V, plus 10 x 0.75 W at 12 V.", "hands": "5 DoF per hand.", "sensors": "Camera, three-axis force-torque sensors, two-axis inertial sensor and two-axis tilt sensor.", "compute": "Two PC/104 embedded computers with solid-state drives.", "battery": "480 Wh lithium-polymer battery; up to 2 hours with movement and 7 hours without movement (IEEE Spectrum, 2010).", "software": "Windows XP with RTX real-time extension.", "other": "Straight-leg gait enables faster walking with lower energy consumption (IEEE Spectrum, 2010).", "sources": [ "hs-ef29a883a5", "hs-ccf5f576f9" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Commercialised as a research platform, with customers in China and Singapore (New Atlas, 2013)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2011-02", "title": "Rainbow Robotics founded from KAIST HUBO research", "summary": "KAIST researchers founded Rainbow Robotics, originally Rainbow Co., Ltd., under Professor Jun-Ho Oh.", "publisher": "Rainbow Robotics", "url": "https://rainbow-robotics.com/en/company/heritage-story/" }, { "date": "2011", "title": "A General-Purpose System for Teleoperation of the DRC-HUBO Humanoid Robot", "summary": "The DRC-HUBO research team's development table lists HUBO2+ in 2011 at 43 kg.", "publisher": "Journal of Field Robotics / Matt Zucker et al.", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272395351_A_General-purpose_System_for_Teleoperation_of_the_DRC-HUBO_Humanoid_Robot" } ], "video": { "id": "qXyYbsJb3lo", "title": "HUBO2 \"Pick-Me\" dance with I.O.I", "channel": "HuboLab KAIST" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kaist-hubo-2-2008.jpg", "author": "KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "http://web.archive.org/web/2011/http://hubolab.kaist.ac.kr/", "page": "https://web.archive.org/web/20110101031418im_/http://hubolab.kaist.ac.kr/bbs/data/Hubo_KHR4_photo/0922969246.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 703 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/kaist.png", "author": "KAIST", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KAIST_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KAIST_logo.svg", "article": "KAIST" } }, { "id": "stanford-pr1-2008", "name": "PR1 (Personal Robot One)", "maker": "Stanford Personal Robotics Program (Keenan Wyrobek, Eric Berger)", "makerId": "stanford-personal-program", "country": "United States", "year": 2008, "date": "2008", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "home" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 120, "weightKg": 98, "dof": 23, "speedKmh": 7.2, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Not sold.", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Its development helped start ROS, the Robot Operating System.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A two-armed mobile manipulator with a stereo-camera head on a wheeled base, built as a general research platform for everyday human spaces. It is the direct predecessor of Willow Garage's PR2.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-cb73928a4f", "hs-6767227aa2", "hs-99785d013e", "hs-f772bc8037" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2008", "event": "Teleoperated household-task video and ICRA 2008 paper by Wyrobek, Berger, Van der Loos and Salisbury", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/video-friday-pr1-darpa-cyborgs-and-ar-drones-go-haywire" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "25 motors (type not stated); backdrivable arms with passive spring counterbalance; arms, grippers, head, telescoping spine and base controlled together at 1 kHz.", "hands": "Simple 1-DoF grippers on 7-DoF arms (4 arm + 3 wrist DoF each).", "sensors": "Videre stereo camera system in the head; force control at every joint.", "compute": "Two Pentium M small-form-factor computers on board.", "battery": "2 kW power system; 4-8 hours runtime depending mostly on computer load.", "materials": "Plywood and aluminium.", "software": "Early ROS (pre-1.0), which grew out of this project; much demo footage was teleoperated.", "other": "Designed as an intrinsically safe personal robot (ICRA 2008 paper cited by IEEE Spectrum). Testing by Stanford's AI robotics group broke it often, which pushed reliability work on PR2.", "sources": [ "hs-f772bc8037", "hs-99785d013e", "hs-6767227aa2" ] }, "production": { "built": "1 known (PR1)", "sold": "not sold", "where": "Stanford University, California", "customers": "Stanford AI Robot (STAIR) team used it" }, "news": [ { "date": "2017-10", "title": "Co-creator tells how PR1 led to ROS", "summary": "Keenan Wyrobek wrote that PR1 and ROS were funded by donors from a 2006 pitch and that PR1 videos helped win support.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-origin-story-of-ros-the-linux-of-robotics" }, { "date": "2013-05", "title": "Spectrum revisits PR1 video", "summary": "IEEE Spectrum's Video Friday showed the PR1 video and noted it as the forerunner of Willow Garage's PR2.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/video-friday-pr1-darpa-cyborgs-and-ar-drones-go-haywire" }, { "date": "2010-05", "title": "Bot Mitzvah", "summary": "In late May 2010, Willow Garage celebrated 11 PR2 robots bound for research labs on two-year loans; PR2 grew from Stanford's PR1.", "publisher": "Stanford Magazine", "url": "https://stanfordmag.org/contents/bot-mitzvah" } ], "video": { "id": "a4IQxgf9pPI", "title": "PR1 Robot Feeds Someone.flv", "channel": "SalisburyRobotics" } }, { "id": "georgia-tech-simon-2008", "name": "Simon", "maker": "Georgia Institute of Technology (Socially Intelligent Machines Lab)", "makerId": "georgia-institute-of", "country": "United States", "year": 2008, "date": "2008", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "social" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "An upper-body social humanoid with a large expressive head and light-up ears, used to study learning from demonstration and natural turn-taking with people.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-db3266b3ae", "hs-b543bec2e8" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2008", "event": "Georgia Tech reveal", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Series elastic actuators in compliant arms and hands; count not published.", "hands": "Four-fingered compliant hands.", "sensors": "Camera eyes, Microsoft Kinect (later addition), microphone.", "battery": "External power supply (tethered).", "software": "Learning from demonstration; CADENCE turn-taking controller (HRI 2013); embodied active-learning queries using motion and simple speech.", "other": "Large expressive head with big eyes and LED ears that change colour with mood; uses gestures to get attention and can tell if it was noticed.", "sources": [ "hs-62a1aa4888" ] }, "production": { "built": "1 research robot", "sold": "not sold", "where": "Georgia Tech, Atlanta" }, "news": [ { "date": "2015-01", "title": "Volunteers build block models with Simon", "summary": "The lab ran a study in which volunteers built block models together with Simon.", "publisher": "Georgia Tech Socially Intelligent Machines Lab", "url": "https://sites.cc.gatech.edu/social-machines/" }, { "date": "2014-12", "title": "CBS shows Simon learning from people", "summary": "CBS Morning News featured the lab's dialog and learning-from-demonstration demos with Simon.", "publisher": "Georgia Tech Socially Intelligent Machines Lab", "url": "https://sites.cc.gatech.edu/social-machines/" } ], "video": { "id": "GHmWtnqkObg", "title": "Andrea Thomaz: Teaching Robots to Move Like Humans", "channel": "Georgia Tech" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/georgia-tech-simon-2008.jpg", "author": "Georgia Institute of Technology", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/190820333@N05/50546979872", "page": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/190820333@N05/50546979872", "kind": "maker", "w": 750, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "univ-tehran-surena-1-2008", "name": "Surena I", "maker": "University of Tehran, Center for Advanced Vehicles", "makerId": "university-of-tehran", "country": "Iran", "year": 2008, "date": "2008", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 165, "weightKg": 60, "dof": 8, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "none", "firsts": "Iran's first humanoid robot.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A simple 8-DOF walking humanoid designed in 2007 and shown in 2008, the start of Iran's Surena series.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-4be35cfdab" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2008", "event": "University of Tehran unveiling of the first Surena humanoid", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/iran-surena-iv-humanoid-robot" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "8 degrees of freedom.", "other": "1.65 m and 60 kg; built at the University of Tehran's Center for Advanced Vehicles with funding from the R&D Society of Iranian Industries and Mines.", "sources": [ "hs-53112a455a" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Never sold", "where": "Iran" }, "news": [ { "date": "2008", "title": "Iran Unveils Its Most Advanced Humanoid Robot Yet", "summary": "The University of Tehran unveiled its first Surena humanoid, an 8-DoF prototype that moved on wheels.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/iran-surena-iv-humanoid-robot" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/univ-tehran-surena-1-2008-1.jpg", "author": "Castech", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SurenaI1-2.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 1000, "h": 667 } }, { "id": "tu-delft-tulip-2008", "name": "TUlip", "maker": "Delft University of Technology", "makerId": "delft-university-of", "country": "Netherlands", "year": 2008, "date": "2008", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 125, "weightKg": 25, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "none", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A human-sized biped built to play in RoboCup soccer and to study walking and gait control on uneven ground.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-e052befb43", "hs-c12f2f77cd" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2008", "event": "RoboCup 2008 platform", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "16 motors: 12 Maxon 60 W brushed DC motors (compliant, force-controlled) and 4 Dynamixel servomotors.", "hands": "No hands; 1-DoF arms.", "sensors": "Stereo camera, IMU, ground-contact sensors, rotary encoders in each joint.", "compute": "1 GHz single-board computer.", "battery": "Three 3.7 V 3.3 Ah and eight 3.7 V 2.0 Ah lithium-polymer batteries (latter for actuators); about 30 minutes of operation.", "materials": "Aluminium structure, hard plastic covers, foam and composite body armour.", "software": "Xenomai real-time Linux, RoboFrame middleware, custom control software.", "other": "Built for RoboCup humanoid soccer and gait research on uneven ground; materials cost $30,000.", "sources": [] }, "production": { "built": "not stated", "sold": "not sold", "where": "Delft University of Technology, Netherlands" }, "video": { "id": "m67zv31tumU", "title": "Dutch Robotics - TU Delft - TUlip robot balancing", "channel": "DutchRobotics (@DutchRobotics)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/tu-delft-tulip-2008.jpg", "author": "Delft University of Technology", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/2012/http://www.dutchrobotics.net/", "page": "https://web.archive.org/web/2012/http://www.dutchrobotics.net/", "kind": "maker", "w": 667, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "iit-robotcub-icub-2008", "name": "iCub", "maker": "RobotCub Consortium / Italian Institute of Technology (IIT)", "makerId": "istituto-italiano-di-tecnologia", "country": "Italy", "year": 2008, "date": "2008", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "education" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 104, "weightKg": 22, "dof": 53, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 300000, "priceNote": "Indicative full-iCub build cost: EUR 250,000 (IIT product catalog, undated)", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "The best-known fully open-source humanoid, built child-size to study how infants learn; one of few with touch-sensitive skin over much of its body.", "deployments": "About 30 or more built for labs in Europe, the US, Korea and Japan.", "summary": "A child-sized robot from an EU project that began in September 2004; it crawls, sits up and handles objects, and its hardware and software are released under open licences.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-cc272c1c45", "hs-bf1f74663d", "hs-926d59031c", "hs-984e8463f4", "hs-4b05a727a8" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2008", "event": "RobotCub iCub platform available for research-lab adoption by May 2008 (IEEE Spectrum, 2008).", "url": null }, "released": { "date": "2008", "note": "built for research labs; about 30 units" }, "components": { "actuators": "53 actuated degrees of freedom: 7 per arm, 9 per hand, 6 across head and eyes, 3 in the torso and 6 per leg (IIT technical specifications, 2019).", "hands": "9 degrees of freedom per hand with tendon-driven fingers (Teflon-coated cables in Teflon tubes pulling against springs); fingertip tactile sensors.", "sensors": "Stereo cameras in a swivelling head, microphones, gyroscopes and accelerometers, Hall-effect joint-angle sensors and encoders, force-torque sensors, and capacitive tactile skin on fingertips and upper body.", "compute": "PC104 dual-core controller interfaces with motor and sensor microcontroller cards over CAN bus (IIT product catalog, undated).", "battery": "No battery: an umbilical cable supplies power (12-48 V) and network.", "materials": "Mostly Ergal aluminium alloy, steel and plastic; 104 cm and about 22 kg, the size of a 3.5-year-old child.", "software": "C++ with the YARP middleware over Gigabit Ethernet; Debian Linux on board. Hardware designs, software and documentation are open source (GPL/LGPL).", "sources": [ "hs-cc272c1c45", "hs-bf1f74663d" ] }, "production": { "built": "About 25 robots built by October 2014 (USI seminar announcement, 2014).", "sold": "Available from IIT for a fee; indicative full-robot build cost EUR 250,000 (IIT product catalog, undated).", "where": "Mostly European labs, plus the United States" }, "news": [ { "date": "2010-01-31", "title": "Robot-Cub project completion", "summary": "The EU-funded Robot-Cub project ran from 1 September 2004 to 31 January 2010.", "publisher": "European Commission, CORDIS", "url": "https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/004370" }, { "date": "2009", "title": "Further iCub construction for European research projects", "summary": "IIT’s history records additional iCub construction for the ImClever project in 2009, following ITALK in 2008.", "publisher": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia", "url": "https://icub.iit.it/about-us/icub-history" }, { "date": "2004-09-01", "title": "Robot-Cub project starts", "summary": "The EU-funded project began developing an open child-like platform for embodied cognition research.", "publisher": "European Commission, CORDIS", "url": "https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/004370" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/iit-robotcub-icub-2008.jpg", "author": "Niccolò Caranti", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ICub_-_Festival_Economia_2018_2.jpg", "article": "ICub", "w": 640, "h": 426 } }, { "id": "mit-media-lab-nexi-2008", "name": "Nexi (MDS robot)", "maker": "MIT Media Lab Personal Robots Group (Cynthia Breazeal) with UMass Amherst and Meka Robotics", "makerId": "mit-media-lab-personal-robots", "country": "United States", "year": 2008, "date": "2008-04", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "social" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "TIME ranked it 17th among the Best Inventions of 2008; it was the first robot of the MDS class later built for the US Navy.", "deployments": null, "summary": "The first of the 'mobile, dexterous, social' robots: an expressive face with movable eyebrows, eyelids and jaw on a wheeled base derived from UMass Amherst's uBot5, with two force-sensing arms and hands, camera eyes and a microphone array. A 2008 video of its facial expressions went viral and TIME listed it among the best inventions of 2008; the US Navy's Octavia is a sister MDS robot.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-0ebc791af3", "hs-7a0e42eccf", "hs-8ce7e35dae" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2008-04", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/mit-media-lab-nexi-2008.jpg", "author": "MIT Media Lab Personal Robots Group (Cynthia Breazeal) with UMass Amherst and Meka Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://robots.media.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2014/05/nexi-portfolio1.jpg", "page": "https://robots.media.mit.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2014/05/nexi-portfolio1.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 540, "h": 324 } }, { "id": "pal-robotics-reem-b-2008", "name": "REEM-B", "maker": "PAL Robotics", "makerId": "pal", "country": "Spain", "year": 2008, "date": "2008-06", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "home" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 147, "weightKg": 64, "dof": 41, "speedKmh": 1.5, "payloadKg": 12, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Promoted as one of the strongest humanoids of its time for its weight, able to carry up to 12-15 kg.", "deployments": null, "summary": "PAL's second biped, which mapped rooms, avoided obstacles, recognised faces and voice commands, and picked up objects with fingered hands. Weight is approximately 60 kg including batteries (PAL Technology Robotics, 2008).", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-e5922fd396", "hs-b329ffd41b", "hs-3187d9f1d5" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2008-06", "event": "Launch on Reem Island, Abu Dhabi, before the Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi (Gulf News, 12 June 2008)", "url": "https://gulfnews.com/amp/story/technology%2Fpal-technology-launches-new-robot-1.111579" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "36 brushed and brushless DC motors; PAL's founder described the leg and arm actuators as unusually strong for its size.", "hands": "Fingered hands; grasping used infrared and touch sensors (Gulf News).", "sensors": "Stereo camera, microphone, six-axis force sensors, accelerometers, gyros, ultrasonic sensors and a laser range finder.", "compute": "Two main computers, one real-time for control and one for multimedia (Gulf News): an Intel Core 2 Duo at 1.66 GHz plus an AMD Geode at 500 MHz.", "battery": "Rechargeable, up to about 2 hours per charge (Gulf News).", "materials": "Aluminium structure with plastic covers (Gulf News says built entirely of aluminium).", "software": "Linux-based OS; mapping and self-localisation (SLAM) for unaided indoor navigation, voice commands, simple conversation and face learning/recognition.", "other": "Payload reported as 12 kg (IEEE Spectrum) to 13 kg (Gulf News); intended as a prototype helper for older people and those with limited mobility in hospitals.", "sources": [ "hs-3187d9f1d5", "hs-b329ffd41b", "hs-e5922fd396" ] }, "production": { "built": "Prototype; unit count not published", "where": "Shown in the UAE (Abu Dhabi); built in Spain" }, "news": [ { "date": "2010-09-30", "title": "Founder calls it perhaps the strongest humanoid", "summary": "IEEE Spectrum profiled REEM-B, quoting Davide Faconti on its 12 kg payload.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/these-humanoid-robots-could-kick-your-asimo" }, { "date": "2008-06", "title": "Launched on Reem Island, Abu Dhabi", "summary": "Pal Technology unveiled REEM-B before Abu Dhabi's Crown Prince as a hospital-helper prototype.", "publisher": "Gulf News", "url": "https://gulfnews.com/amp/story/technology%2Fpal-technology-launches-new-robot-1.111579" } ], "video": { "id": "XLoCTTp25I8", "title": "Humanoid Robot Reem B demonstrates space recognition", "channel": "PALTechnology (@PALTechnology)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/pal-robotics-reem-b-2008-1.jpg", "author": "Facontidavide at English Wikipedia", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:REEM-B_humanoid_robot.jpg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:REEM-B_humanoid_robot.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 300, "h": 448 } }, { "id": "dlr-rollin-justin-2008", "name": "Rollin' Justin", "maker": "German Aerospace Center (DLR)", "makerId": "german-aerospace-center", "country": "Germany", "year": 2008, "date": "2008-06", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "space", "home" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 191, "weightKg": 200, "dof": 51, "speedKmh": 7.2, "payloadKg": 20, "batteryHours": 1, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "A leading torque-controlled two-arm humanoid; in 2017 it was teleoperated from the International Space Station in a simulated Mars setting.", "deployments": "Used in DLR space telerobotics experiments controlled from the ISS.", "summary": "DLR's Justin upper body (2006) mounted on a four-wheeled base with a variable footprint, giving a 1.91 m robot with 12-DOF hands that can catch balls and make coffee. DLR lists operating time as more than 60 minutes.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-e3936a3c31", "hs-1ad708ec1d", "hs-5e71c8fbef", "hs-f51426ac14" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2008-06", "event": "Automatica 2008 trade fair (reported debut of the wheeled, variable-footprint base)", "url": "https://hizook.com/justin-humanoid-robot-becomes-mobile-grows-variable-footprint-4-wheeled-base/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Torque-controlled joints with 41 link-side torque sensors; arms and hands derive from the DLR Light-Weight Robot III and DLR Hand II (DLR).", "hands": "Two four-fingered hands with 12 DoF each.", "sensors": "43 position and 41 link-side torque sensors, two Prosilica cameras for stereo vision and five Asus Xtion motion-sensing devices (DLR METERON); two IMUs are also listed by DLR.", "compute": "Four Mini-ITX boards with Intel Core i7 quad-core processors.", "battery": "52 V battery, about 1.5 hours; DLR lists more than 60 minutes.", "software": "QNX real-time OS and Linux with custom control software; compliant hierarchical whole-body control and modular autonomous task planning (DLR).", "other": "Four-wheeled base with individually movable spring-mounted wheels that change its footprint; about 200 kg, 20 kg nominal payload, up to 2 m/s, reach from floor to 2.7 m (DLR).", "sources": [ "hs-f51426ac14", "hs-e3936a3c31", "hs-6a6de9e71c", "hs-5e71c8fbef" ] }, "production": { "built": "Research unit; count not published", "where": "Germany" }, "news": [ { "date": "2017-08-25", "title": "ISS Crew have a blast with SUPVIS Justin!", "summary": "From the ISS, Paolo Nespoli used a tablet to command Rollin’ Justin in DLR’s simulated Martian solar farm.", "publisher": "German Aerospace Center (DLR), METERON", "url": "https://meteron.dlr.de/iss-crew-have-a-blast-with-supvis-justin/index.html" }, { "date": "2012-01-22", "title": "Agile Justin: DLR’s Rollin’ Justin Gets a Younger, More Agile Brother — Pair Combines to Play Catch", "summary": "DLR introduced Agile Justin with arms 1.5 times faster through revised gear ratios and coordinated motion for throwing balls.", "publisher": "Hizook", "url": "https://www.hizook.com/agile-justin-dlrs-rollin-justin-gets-younger-more-agile-brother-pair-combines-some-p/" }, { "date": "2011", "title": "Catching Flying Balls and Preparing Coffee: Humanoid Rollin’Justin Performs Dynamic and Sensitive Tasks", "summary": "Rollin’ Justin demonstrated ball catching with a success rate above 80% for typical feasible throws and autonomous coffee preparation.", "publisher": "German Aerospace Center (DLR)", "url": "https://www.robotic.dlr.de/fileadmin/robotic/baeuml/video_short.pdf" }, { "date": "2008-06", "title": "Wheeled base debuts at Automatica 2008", "summary": "Hizook reported the variable-footprint mobile base apparently debuted at the Automatica fair.", "publisher": "Hizook", "url": "https://hizook.com/justin-humanoid-robot-becomes-mobile-grows-variable-footprint-4-wheeled-base/" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/dlr-rollin-justin-2008.jpg", "author": "Deutschen Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt", "license": "CC BY 3.0 de", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/de/deed.en", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SpaceJustin_02.jpg", "article": "Justin (robot)", "w": 479, "h": 640 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/german-aerospace-center.png", "author": "German Aerospace Center", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:German_Aerospace_Center_(DLR)_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:German_Aerospace_Center_(DLR)_logo.svg", "article": "File:German Aerospace Center (DLR) logo.svg" } }, { "id": "kitech-ever-3-2009", "name": "EveR-3", "maker": "Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH)", "makerId": "korea-institute-of-industrial", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2009, "date": "2009", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "First mobile EveR and the first in the series to act in a stage production.", "deployments": null, "summary": "Third EveR android, which moved on wheels hidden under a long skirt and acted in a Korean stage play based on Snow White in early 2010.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-7fee40a6c5" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2009", "event": "Demonstrated in 2009", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "other": "First mobile EveR, moving on wheels hidden under long skirts; about 5 ft 2 in (157 cm) tall; speaks Korean and English; 16 facial expressions (BroadwayWorld, citing AFP).", "sources": [ "hs-c5b8f91161", "hs-7b30ce75d8" ] }, "production": { "built": "not stated", "sold": "not sold", "where": "Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), South Korea" }, "news": [ { "date": "2010-02", "title": "EveR-3 takes title role in robot Snow White play", "summary": "BroadwayWorld reported EveR-3 starring in Robot Princess and the Seven Dwarfs after sold-out shows the previous year.", "publisher": "BroadwayWorld", "url": "https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Robot_Actress_Stars_in_ROBOT_PRINCESS_AND_THE_SEVEN_DWARFS_20100214" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/kitech-ever-3-2009-1.jpg", "author": "destione", "license": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "licenseUrl": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/destione/3516134151/", "page": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/destione/3516134151/", "via": "Flickr", "w": 691, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "kawada-hiro-2009", "name": "HIRO", "maker": "Kawada Industries", "makerId": "kawada-industries", "country": "Japan", "year": 2009, "date": "2009", "status": "discontinued", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "An upper-body humanoid research platform with a head and two arms, released by Kawada the same year as its factory sibling NEXTAGE.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-01d61c91ca" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2009", "event": "Kawada Industries release", "url": null }, "released": { "date": "2009", "note": "sold to research labs; price not published" }, "components": { "software": "Kawada says it was among the first companies to commercialise ROS support for its robots; the open-source rtmros_hironx packages (RT-middleware based, with a MoveIt configuration) target HIRO/NEXTAGE OPEN.", "other": "Upper-body humanoid research platform (head, torso, two arms) announced the same year as factory sibling NEXTAGE; its research role was later taken by NEXTAGE OPEN.", "sources": [ "hs-01d61c91ca", "hs-ab0dc569e8", "hs-1134bf86a8", "hs-97ed2757ff" ] }, "production": { "sold": "sold to research labs; price not published; no longer in Kawada's product lineup", "where": "Kawada Industries, Japan" }, "video": { "id": "f6zZvUu0cWo", "title": "上体ヒューマノイドロボットHIRO（音声認識）", "channel": "KawadaIndustriesInc" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kawada-hiro-2009.jpg", "author": "Kawada Industries (robot business now Kawada Robotics Corporation)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.kawadarobot.co.jp/en/history", "page": "https://www.kawadarobot.co.jp/en/history", "kind": "maker", "w": 628, "h": 488 } }, { "id": "waseda-kobian-2009", "name": "KOBIAN", "maker": "Waseda University", "makerId": "waseda-university", "country": "Japan", "year": 2009, "date": "2009", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "social" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "A walking humanoid built to show emotions with both its face and its whole body.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A whole-body robot that expresses happiness, sadness, surprise and other emotions through facial expressions and posture.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-36adac847b" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2009", "event": "Waseda University", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Brushed DC servomotors.", "hands": "4 DoF per hand with force sensors.", "sensors": "Two cameras, microphone, IMU, six-axis force-torque sensors in feet and forearms.", "battery": "Lithium-ion for about 20 minutes, or a 48 V external supply.", "materials": "Mainly aluminium; 140 cm, 62 kg.", "software": "QNX real-time OS with custom control and emotional-expression software.", "other": "65 DoF in total, 24 of them in the head for facial expressions.", "sources": [ "hs-36adac847b" ] }, "production": { "built": "research prototype", "sold": "never sold", "where": "Japan" }, "news": [ { "date": "2009", "title": "Emotional humanoid KOBIAN", "summary": "Waseda lists KOBIAN as a 2009 robot that shows emotions with face and body.", "publisher": "Waseda University", "url": "https://www.waseda.jp/top/en/news/88080" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/waseda-kobian-2009.jpg", "author": "British Embassy TokyoUK in Japan- FCO", "license": "CC BY 2.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Boris_Johnson_and_KOBIAN_RIV_20170720.jpg", "article": "File:Boris Johnson and KOBIAN RIV 20170720.jpg", "w": 640, "h": 426 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/waseda-university.png", "author": "Waseda University", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waseda_University_Logo.png", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waseda_University_Logo.png", "article": "File:Waseda University Logo.png" } }, { "id": "nrl-octavia-2009", "name": "Octavia (MDS robot)", "maker": "US Naval Research Laboratory", "makerId": "us-naval-research-laboratory", "country": "United States", "year": 2009, "date": "2009", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "military" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A social humanoid on a two-wheel self-balancing base with an expressive face and dexterous hands, used by the Navy lab to study how robots can read and respond to people.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-a78846287d", "hs-978f058ac0" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2009", "event": "US Naval Research Laboratory reveal", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "DC motors (count not stated); 45 DoF: 20 in the head, 7 per hand, 4 per arm, 1 torso, 2 wheels.", "hands": "Dexterous hands with 7 DoF each; optional fingertip pressure sensors.", "sensors": "Two video cameras in the eyes, a 3D active infrared/visible camera in the forehead, LIDAR in the base; optional 3D passive infrared camera and microphone array.", "compute": "PC/104 computer for body and base control; Intel PC for sensing.", "battery": "36 V lead-acid battery plus two lithium-ion batteries for the drive; about 2 hours of operation.", "materials": "Machined aluminium and plastic.", "software": "Linux and Windows; custom control and sensing software; ACT-R/E cognitive architecture.", "other": "Two-wheel self-balancing base; expressive face used to show its partner what it is thinking. Trained for human-robot firefighting teams using a compressed-air-foam fire cannon.", "sources": [ "hs-a78846287d" ] }, "production": { "sold": "not sold", "where": "US Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC (robot platform)", "customers": "US Navy research" }, "news": [ { "date": "2012-10", "title": "Navy trains Octavia to fight fires with people", "summary": "At IROS 2012 NRL researchers showed Octavia tracking a human partner, reading speech and gestures, and aiming a foam fire cannon.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/iros-2012-octavia-helps-humans-fight-fires" } ], "video": { "id": "XsubQhtD6S0", "title": "Robotic Secrets Revealed, Episode 001", "channel": "USNRL" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/nrl-octavia-2009-1.jpg", "author": "U.S. Navy photo by John F. Williams", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Navy_100531-N-7676W-075_Visitors_interact_with_the_mobile,_dexterous,_social_(MDS)_robot_Octavia_at_the_Office_of_Naval_Research_(ONR)_exhibit_during_Fleet_Week_New_York_2010.jpg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:US_Navy_100531-N-7676W-075_Visitors_interact_with_the_mobile,_dexterous,_social_(MDS)_robot_Octavia_at_the_Office_of_Naval_Research_(ONR)_exhibit_during_Fleet_Week_New_York_2010.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 1000, "h": 666 } }, { "id": "astar-olivia-2009", "name": "Olivia", "maker": "A*STAR Social Robotics Lab", "makerId": "a-star-social-lab", "country": "Singapore", "year": 2009, "date": "2009", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "social", "retail" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Used as an office receptionist.", "summary": "A wheeled social humanoid built to test social robotics technology, used as an office receptionist that greeted visitors and answered questions.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-2f3983ec57", "hs-1319fa6ca7" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2009", "event": "A*STAR reveal", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Harmonic-drive servo actuators; 26 DoF (neck 2, shoulders 3x2, elbows 1x2, wrists 2x2, hands 6x2).", "hands": "6 DoF per hand.", "sensors": "Point Grey Bumblebee stereo camera, DVN1501 camera (three cameras on the face), 8 microphones for sound localisation plus 4 for speech detection, Hokuyo URG-04LX laser range finder.", "compute": "Intel 2.8 GHz Core i7 plus 1.2 GHz Atom processor.", "battery": "24 V 90 Ah lead-acid batteries.", "materials": "ABS plastic exterior.", "software": "Windows XP and Linux; speech recognition and synthesis; 3D sound localisation.", "other": "Shows emotions such as happiness and sadness; torso display screen and a light ring at the neck.", "sources": [] }, "production": { "sold": "not sold", "where": "A*STAR, Singapore", "customers": "Used as an office receptionist" }, "video": { "id": "BdC00QBs0go", "title": "Olivia Social Robot", "channel": "IEEE Spectrum" } }, { "id": "tum-rosie-2009", "name": "Rosie", "maker": "Technical University of Munich", "makerId": "technical-university-of-munich", "country": "Germany", "year": 2009, "date": "2009", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "home" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A household research robot with two DLR-KUKA lightweight arms, four-fingered hands and a camera head on an omnidirectional base, known for autonomously cooking pancakes and sausages.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-b3d5c9b3a0", "hs-aba3cd02f7", "hs-1b85499e5a" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2009", "event": "TUM reveal", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Two DLR-KUKA lightweight (LWR) 7-DoF arms; 2-DoF head; 3-DoF omnidirectional base; 45 DoF total.", "hands": "DLR-HIT four-fingered hands, 13 DoF each, with mini cameras in the fingertips.", "sensors": "Two high-resolution cameras, a thermal camera, three laser scanners, fingertip mini cameras, Microsoft Kinect.", "compute": "Two PCs, each with two Intel Xeon 2.4 GHz CPUs and 12 GB RAM.", "battery": "48 V 110 Ah lead-acid batteries.", "materials": "Carbon fibre, aluminium and 3D-printed parts; built mostly from commercial industrial and research components.", "software": "CRAM (Cognitive Robot Abstract Machine) and CogMan (Cognitive Manipulation).", "other": "Worked in a realistic kitchen lab; known for autonomously making pancakes and sausages. Creators called its cost 'priceless'.", "sources": [] }, "production": { "built": "1 research robot", "sold": "not sold", "where": "Technical University of Munich (Intelligent Autonomous Systems group), Germany" }, "video": { "id": "_SIUCrmE8J0", "title": "TUM James and TUM Rosie Preparing Bavarian Breakfast (long version)", "channel": "iasTUMUNICH (TUM Intelligent Autonomous Systems group)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/tum-rosie-2009.jpg", "author": "Technical University of Munich (TUM)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/32366606@N00/5136649332", "page": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/32366606@N00/5136649332", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 667 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/technical-university-of-munich.png", "author": "TUM ccc", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Technical_University_of_Munich.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Technical_University_of_Munich.svg", "article": "Technical University of Munich" } }, { "id": "elumotion-brl-berti-2009", "name": "BERTI (Bristol Elumotion Robotic Torso 1)", "maker": "Elumotion Ltd with Bristol Robotics Laboratory", "makerId": "elumotion", "country": "United Kingdom", "year": 2009, "date": "2009-02", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Life-size gesture robot built to mimic human arm and hand movement; first generation of the BERT torso line (BERT2 followed in 2010).", "deployments": "Played rock-paper-scissors with visitors at London's Science Museum in February 2009.", "summary": "Life-size humanoid torso with a face and two arms with new wrist, elbow and shoulder joints and 9-DoF hands, developed from 2005 to study the gestures that accompany speech. Elumotion built the hardware and low-level control; Bristol Robotics Laboratory worked on movement and high-level control.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-eb06e8444c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2009-02", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/elumotion-brl-berti-2009.jpg", "author": "Elumotion Ltd with Bristol Robotics Laboratory", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "http://www.elumotion.com/application/files/1614/5736/7905/RT1-PSS-1100x500.jpg", "page": "http://www.elumotion.com/application/files/1614/5736/7905/RT1-PSS-1100x500.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 455 } }, { "id": "aist-hrp-4c-2009", "name": "HRP-4C", "maker": "AIST", "makerId": "aist", "country": "Japan", "year": 2009, "date": "2009-03-16", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "entertainment", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 158, "weightKg": 43, "dof": 42, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "First humanoid robot to walk a fashion-show catwalk (Japan Fashion Week, March 2009), with a realistic female face.", "deployments": "Appeared at Japan Fashion Week 2009 and CEATEC 2009, and danced with human performers in 2010.", "summary": "A 'cybernetic human' with body proportions set to the average young Japanese woman, motion-captured human-like walking, speech recognition and singing.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-3d80fb0b6e", "hs-2d3c1deaca" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2009-03-16", "event": "AIST press release and demonstration, Tsukuba; catwalk at Japan Fashion Week on 23 March 2009", "url": "https://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/list/latest_research/2009/20090513/20090513.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Eight actuators in the head enable facial expressions (IEEE Spectrum, 2010).", "hands": "2 DoF per hand with silicone skin.", "sensors": "Speech recognition enables responses to human speech (AIST, 2009).", "compute": "Intel Pentium M 1.6 GHz with wireless networking; a computer in the head runs speech recognition (AIST).", "battery": "48 V nickel-metal hydride, included in the 43 kg weight (AIST).", "materials": "Silicone rubber skin on face and hands, hard plastic exterior, metal and plastic frame.", "software": "Real-time Linux, RT middleware and OpenHRP3 simulator; motion-captured human movements guide walking (AIST, 2009).", "other": "Body dimensions set to the average young Japanese woman from a 1997-98 body database; uses Honda patents and HRP-2 technology (AIST).", "sources": [ "hs-3d80fb0b6e" ] }, "production": { "built": "Research unit; count not published", "where": "Japan" }, "news": [ { "date": "2011-11-11", "title": "HRP-4C walking upgraded", "summary": "Toe support improved HRP-4C walking.", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2011/11/11/video-super-realistic-hrp-4c-humanoid-walks-like-human/" }, { "date": "2010-11-05", "title": "Development of Integrated Software to Generate Humanoid Robot Motion Easily", "summary": "AIST used Choreonoid to generate HRP-4C dance motions for Digital Content Expo 2010.", "publisher": "AIST", "url": "https://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/list/latest_research/2010/20101105/20101105.html" }, { "date": "2009-03-23", "title": "Walks the Japan Fashion Week catwalk", "summary": "HRP-4C appeared at Japan Fashion Week in Tokyo a week after its unveiling.", "publisher": "AIST", "url": "https://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/list/latest_research/2009/20090513/20090513.html" }, { "date": "2009-03-16", "title": "AIST unveils the 'cybernetic human'", "summary": "AIST issued its press release and first public demonstration.", "publisher": "AIST", "url": "https://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/list/latest_research/2009/20090513/20090513.html" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/aist-hrp-4c-2009.jpg", "author": "ELiveFdragon", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:HRP-4C_UCROA.jpg", "article": "HRP-4C", "w": 525, "h": 640 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/aist.png", "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AIST_logo_en.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AIST_logo_en.svg", "article": "File:AIST logo en.svg" } }, { "id": "uni-bonn-dynamaid-2009", "name": "Dynamaid", "maker": "University of Bonn (Autonomous Intelligent Systems group, team NimbRo@Home)", "makerId": "university-of-bonn", "country": "Germany", "year": 2009, "date": "2009-04", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "home" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 30, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 1, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Placed second at RoboCup German Open 2009 (Hannover) and third at RoboCup 2009 @Home (Graz) with its partner robot Robotinho, winning an innovation award for robot body design.", "summary": "A lightweight domestic service robot with two anthropomorphic arms and grippers on a trunk that lifts about 0.9 m and twists, a movable head with stereo cameras and microphone, and an omnidirectional base of four steerable wheel pairs (30 degrees of freedom). Each arm lifts about 1 kg; it was succeeded by Cosero in 2010.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-b82aaf3906", "hs-9bf923886a", "hs-d84997a5b1" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2009-04", "event": "RoboCup German Open 2009 at Hannover Messe", "url": "https://www.ais.uni-bonn.de/papers/HUMANOIDS09_Stueckler_Behnke.pdf" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/uni-bonn-dynamaid-2009.jpg", "author": "University of Bonn, Autonomous Intelligent Systems group (Team NimbRo)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://ais.uni-bonn.de/nimbro/@Home/robots.html", "page": "https://ais.uni-bonn.de/nimbro/@Home/robots.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 858, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "toyota-partner-robot-running-2009", "name": "Toyota Partner Robot (running humanoid)", "maker": "Toyota Motor Corporation", "makerId": "toyota", "country": "Japan", "year": 2009, "date": "2009-07", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 7, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Ran at 7 km/h, faster than ASIMO's 6 km/h at the time.", "deployments": null, "summary": "An updated bipedal Partner Robot shown running at 7 km/h on flat ground in July 2009.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-a100f122de" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2009-07", "event": "Toyota demonstration", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "other": "Toyota's July 2009 video showed the humanoid running at about 7 km/h; walking and running worked only on flat ground.", "sources": [ "hs-a100f122de" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Never sold.", "where": "Japan" }, "news": [ { "date": "2009-07-31", "title": "Toyota running robot", "summary": "Runs at 7 km/h.", "publisher": "Engadget", "url": "https://www.engadget.com/2009-07-31-toyotas-humanoid-robot-was-born-to-run.html" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/toyota-partner-robot-running-2009-1.jpg", "author": "Luis Villa del Campo from Madrid, Spain", "license": "CC BY 2.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10280701", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 750, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "riken-riba-2009", "name": "RIBA (Robot for Interactive Body Assistance)", "maker": "RIKEN and Tokai Rubber Industries", "makerId": "riken", "country": "Japan", "year": 2009, "date": "2009-08-27", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "care", "healthcare" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": 180, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 61, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Billed by RIKEN as the world's first robot able to lift a person from a bed to a wheelchair and back.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A soft, bear-faced care robot with sensor-covered arms that cradled patients up to 61 kg; it followed RIKEN's earlier RI-MAN. Robot weight is from HospiMedica.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-9f8455434a", "hs-8b1d595bfb", "hs-29a0c76d0d" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2009-08-27", "event": "RIKEN press release", "url": "https://www.riken.jp/en/news_pubs/research_news/pr/2009/20090827/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "hands": "Human-like arms with high-precision tactile sensors used to lift patients up to 61 kg.", "sensors": "Tactile sensing with RIKEN's sensor and information-processing technology.", "materials": "Soft urethane-foam exterior for patient safety; materials technology from Tokai Rubber Industries.", "other": "Moves patients between bed and wheelchair; successor to RI-MAN.", "sources": [ "hs-9f8455434a" ] }, "production": { "built": "research prototype", "sold": "never sold", "where": "Japan", "customers": "RIKEN-TRI Collaborative Center for Human-Interactive Robot Research, Nagoya" }, "news": [ { "date": "2009-08-27", "title": "RIKEN unveils RIBA care robot", "summary": "RIKEN and Tokai Rubber Industries announced a robot that lifts patients from bed to wheelchair.", "publisher": "RIKEN", "url": "https://www.riken.jp/en/news_pubs/research_news/pr/2009/20090827/" } ], "video": { "id": "wyNa7b4eHRo", "title": "介護支援ロボット「RIBA- II」 / Robot for advanced patient care support \"RIBA- II\"", "channel": "rikenchannel" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/riken-riba-2009.jpg", "author": "RIKEN", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.riken.jp/en/news_pubs/research_news/pr/2009/20090827/", "page": "https://www.riken.jp/en/news_pubs/research_news/pr/2009/20090827/", "kind": "maker", "w": 380, "h": 500 } }, { "id": "boston-dynamics-petman-2009", "name": "PETMAN", "maker": "Boston Dynamics", "makerId": "boston-dynamics", "country": "United States", "year": 2009, "date": "2009-10", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "military", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 177.8, "weightKg": 79.4, "dof": 29, "speedKmh": 7.1, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "US$26.3 million US Army program (development cost, not a sale price)", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Boston Dynamics' first humanoid biped and the direct ancestor of Atlas; it could sweat and control skin temperature to test protective suits.", "deployments": "Built to test US military chemical-protective clothing; shown in a hazmat suit in 2013.", "summary": "A tethered, hydraulic, human-size test mannequin that walked, crawled, squatted and did push-ups. First video (Oct 2009) showed 3.2 mph; 2010 video reached 4.4 mph (7.1 km/h); the full robot appeared in 2011.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-cd84e81c2b", "hs-0faef2ee75", "hs-8f149a3953", "hs-29d451f828" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2009-10", "event": "Boston Dynamics prototype treadmill video", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/robotics-software/first-video-of-boston-dynamics-petman-biped" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Custom hydraulic actuators; 29 degrees of freedom.", "compute": "Custom PC.", "battery": "Tethered power; an untethered version with its own power source was proposed (Army Technology).", "software": "Walking algorithm and mechanical design based on Boston Dynamics' BigDog (IEEE Spectrum).", "other": "Built to test chemical protective clothing for soldiers: it controls its own skin temperature and humidity and sweats like a person. Sized as a 50th-percentile man, about 180 lb; reached 4.4 mph walking.", "sources": [ "hs-8f149a3953", "hs-0faef2ee75", "hs-cd84e81c2b" ] }, "production": { "built": "Built for a US$26.3 million US Army programme (development, 30 months to build and validate).", "sold": "Not sold.", "where": "United States", "customers": "US Army / DARPA; partners Midwest Research Institute, Measurement Technologies Northwest, Smith Carter CUH2A and HHI Corporation" }, "news": [ { "date": "2012", "title": "PETMAN due for delivery", "summary": "DARPA was due to take delivery of PETMAN later in 2012.", "publisher": "Army Technology", "url": "https://www.army-technology.com/features/featurefirst-bigdog-now-petman/" }, { "date": "2010-04-22", "title": "PETMAN reaches 4.4 mph", "summary": "A treadmill video showed PETMAN walking at 4.4 mph.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/boston-dynamics-biped-petman-achieves-44mph" }, { "date": "2009-10", "title": "First PETMAN video", "summary": "Boston Dynamics showed PETMAN's legs walking on a treadmill.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/robotics-software/first-video-of-boston-dynamics-petman-biped" } ], "video": { "id": "mclbVTIYG8E", "title": "PETMAN", "channel": "Boston Dynamics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/boston-dynamics-petman-2009.jpg", "author": "Boston Dynamics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/2015/http://www.bostondynamics.com/robot_petman.html", "page": "https://web.archive.org/web/2015/http://www.bostondynamics.com/robot_petman.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 646 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/boston-dynamics.png", "author": "Cleanoxygenforeveryone", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BostonDynamics_Logo.svg", "article": "File:BostonDynamics Logo.svg" } }, { "id": "eccerobot-ecce-2009", "name": "ECCE (ECCEROBOT)", "maker": "The Robot Studio and the EU ECCEROBOT project", "makerId": "the-studio", "country": "France", "year": 2009, "date": "2009-11", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": 105, "weightKg": 26, "dof": 60, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Not sold.", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "An 'anthropomimetic' robot with artificial bones, muscles and tendons that copies the human body's mechanics to study embodied cognition; a later version (ECCE3) sat on a wheeled base.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-ae3d7f7ed9", "hs-d49a7c61ad" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2009-11", "event": "ECCE1 covered by IEEE Spectrum (21 Nov 2009); EU project began 1 Jan 2009", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/eccerobot-anthropomimetic-humanoid-robot" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "DC motors pulling elastic tendons (anthropomimetic muscles); count not stated. 60 DoF in total, 24 in head, neck and spine.", "hands": "2 DoF per hand (simplified in later ECCE3).", "sensors": "Camera (a Kinect 3D sensor served as eyes on later versions), microphone, muscle-length and tension sensors, motor current and position sensors.", "compute": "PC linked to a distributed microcontroller network over CAN bus or I2C.", "battery": "12 V external power supply.", "materials": "Hand-moulded thermoplastic skeleton, elastic cords and other soft flexible materials for torso, arms and hands.", "software": "Custom firmware from The Robot Studio and TUM; Linux/PC software including the ECCEOS tendon-driven robot simulator; modelling and control from Sussex, TUM, Belgrade and Zurich.", "other": "Could be teleoperated over Skype with operator-controlled head and gestures.", "sources": [ "hs-ae3d7f7ed9", "hs-d49a7c61ad", "hs-60899a97cd" ] }, "production": { "built": "3 robots in the project (ECCE1 2009, EDS 2010, ECCE3 2011)", "sold": "not sold", "where": "The Robot Studio, France", "customers": "EU FP7 ECCEROBOT consortium: University of Sussex, University of Zurich, TU Munich, University of Belgrade" }, "news": [ { "date": "2009-11", "title": "Anthropomimetic ECCE copies the body's bones and tendons", "summary": "IEEE Spectrum described ECCE's thermoplastic bones and elastic-cord muscles built by the EU project.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/eccerobot-anthropomimetic-humanoid-robot" }, { "date": "2009-01", "title": "EU ECCEROBOT project begins", "summary": "The FP7 project (about €3 million, €2.33 million EU contribution) started, coordinated by the University of Sussex.", "publisher": "CORDIS, European Commission", "url": "https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/231864" } ], "video": { "id": "cI9H4FoA0b4", "title": "ECCEROBOT - Embodied Cognition in a Compliantly Engineered Robot", "channel": "eccerobot" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/eccerobot-ecce-2009-1.jpg", "author": "Kevan from London, England", "license": "CC BY 2.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eccerobot_(6441918019).jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 1000, "h": 750 } }, { "id": "kawada-nextage-2009", "name": "NEXTAGE", "maker": "Kawada Industries", "makerId": "kawada-industries", "country": "Japan", "year": 2009, "date": "2009-11", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "One of the first humanoid-shaped (head plus two arms) robots sold for factory work alongside people.", "deployments": "Used on Japanese assembly lines; open version NEXTAGE OPEN followed in 2013 and NEXTAGE Fillie in 2022.", "summary": "A two-armed upper-body humanoid with stereo cameras in its head, designed to work next to factory staff without safety cages. Upper body only, on a movable base.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-01d61c91ca" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2009-11", "event": "International Robot Exhibition 2009, Tokyo (ribbon-cutting ceremony)", "url": "https://kawadarobot.co.jp/en/history" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "sold to manufacturers; first-delivery date not confirmed" }, "components": { "actuators": "All axes use low-power actuators under 80 W so it can work without a safety fence after risk assessment.", "hands": "Interchangeable end effectors.5 kg per hand.", "sensors": "Stereo head camera for 3D distance measurement and hand cameras for close detail.", "compute": "Controller built into the robot ('all-in-one' arms, vision and controller).", "battery": "No battery; runs on 85-264 V AC mains.", "software": "QNX real-time OS; NxProduction workflow tool with C# plug-ins; research version NEXTAGE OPEN supports ROS and OpenRTM-aist.", "other": "15 DoF (6 per arm, 2 neck, 1 waist); 28 kg. Electromagnetic brakes hold the arms on power loss; optional ISO 10218 safety-rated monitored stop with third-party certification.", "sources": [ "hs-3947cccd8e", "hs-01d61c91ca" ] }, "production": { "where": "Japan", "customers": "GLORY LTD. (flexible assembly line using NEXTAGE, 5th Robot Award 2012)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "NEXTAGE used for robot motion-data collection demos at iREX 2025", "summary": "Kawada showed NEXTAGE linked with Keio University's real-haptics technology and a University of Tokyo Matsuo Lab data-collection platform for robot foundation models.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2512/23/news026.html" }, { "date": "2022", "title": "NEXTAGE Fillie launched", "summary": "Kawada released NEXTAGE Fillie, shown at iREX2022 and winner of a Red Dot award.", "publisher": "Kawada Robotics Corporation", "url": "https://kawadarobot.co.jp/en/history" }, { "date": "2018", "title": "NEXTAGE NXA series released", "summary": "A new NEXTAGE generation (NXA) was released.", "publisher": "Kawada Robotics Corporation", "url": "https://kawadarobot.co.jp/en/history" }, { "date": "2013", "title": "NEXTAGE OPEN and Good Design Gold Award", "summary": "Kawada announced the research version NEXTAGE OPEN, and NEXTAGE won a Good Design Gold Award.", "publisher": "Kawada Robotics Corporation", "url": "https://kawadarobot.co.jp/en/history" }, { "date": "2012", "title": "Robot Award with GLORY", "summary": "Kawada and GLORY won a Robot Award prize for a NEXTAGE-based flexible assembly line.", "publisher": "Kawada Robotics Corporation", "url": "https://kawadarobot.co.jp/en/history" }, { "date": "2009-11", "title": "NEXTAGE debuts at iREX 2009", "summary": "NEXTAGE was announced at the International Robot Exhibition and took part in its ribbon-cutting.", "publisher": "Kawada Robotics Corporation", "url": "https://kawadarobot.co.jp/en/history" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/kawada-nextage-2009.jpg", "author": "This picture belongs to Xavier Caré.\nPlease credit : Xavier Caré / Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-SA.\nIf you would like speci", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Innorobo_2015_-_Kawada_Robotics_-_Nextage-001.JPG", "article": "File:Innorobo 2015 - Kawada Robotics - Nextage-001.JPG", "w": 400, "h": 640 }, "buy": { "url": "https://nextage.kawadarobot.co.jp/", "type": null, "label": "Inquiry form / distributors on NEXTAGE site (Japanese)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false } }, { "id": "dfki-aila-2010", "name": "AILA (Artificial Intelligence Lightweight Android)", "maker": "DFKI Robotics Innovation Center", "makerId": "dfki-innovation-center", "country": "Germany", "year": 2010, "date": "2010", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "space" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": null, "dof": 32, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A female-styled humanoid torso on a wheeled base from Bremen's DFKI, used to study mobile manipulation, perception and AI, including tasks meant for future space-station work.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-faa496d883", "hs-8a60203b7a" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2010", "event": "DFKI Bremen reveal", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "14 brushless DC motors in the arms, 4 linear DC motors in the torso, 12 wheel motors, 2 head servos; in-house joint electronics (power, FPGA and sensor boards) on five CAN lines.", "hands": "9 active DoF per hand with tactile sensors; arm lifts up to 8 kg (payload-to-weight ratio above one was a design goal).", "sensors": "Two Prosilica GC780C stereo cameras in the head, Mesa SR-4000 time-of-flight camera in the belly, tilting Hokuyo URG short-range laser in the chest, two Hokuyo UTM long-range lasers in the base, two six-axis wrist force/torque sensors, Skyetek M4 RFID reader.", "compute": "Two 3.5-inch embedded PCs (motion control in the head, navigation in the base) and a mini-ITX board with a graphics card for vision in the torso; FPGA controllers in each arm joint; Gigabit Ethernet.", "battery": "48 V 4.5 Ah nickel-metal-hydride battery; about 30 minutes of operation.", "materials": "Carbon fibre, aluminium and steel.", "software": "Linux; ROS for communication, Rock middleware and Roby high-level control; DFKI tools MARS, BOLeRo and NDLCom.", "other": "Six-wheel base with 2 DoF per wheel. DFKI counts 32 DoF without hands. Used in SemProM, Robofoot, BesMan and space-station mock-up teleoperation work.", "sources": [ "hs-29145aab35" ] }, "production": { "built": "1 research robot", "sold": "not sold", "where": "DFKI Robotics Innovation Center, Bremen", "customers": "Research projects SemProM, Robofoot, BesMan, HySociaTea" }, "news": [ { "date": "2015-09", "title": "AILA works in a space-station mock-up", "summary": "DFKI showed the first official BesMan demonstration with AILA in its ISS mock-up.", "publisher": "DFKI Robotics Innovation Center", "url": "https://robotik.dfki-bremen.de/en/research/robot-systems/aila/" }, { "date": "2011-09", "title": "AILA teleoperated for space-station tasks", "summary": "DFKI demonstrated Kinect-based and space-station teleoperation of AILA.", "publisher": "DFKI Robotics Innovation Center", "url": "https://robotik.dfki-bremen.de/en/research/robot-systems/aila/" }, { "date": "2011-01", "title": "AILA handles products by itself", "summary": "DFKI showed AILA autonomously handling products using smart product memories in the SemProM project.", "publisher": "DFKI Robotics Innovation Center", "url": "https://robotik.dfki-bremen.de/en/research/robot-systems/aila/" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/dfki-aila-2010.jpg", "author": "DFKI Robotics Innovation Center", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://robotik.dfki-bremen.de/en/research/robot-systems/aila/", "page": "https://robotik.dfki-bremen.de/en/research/robot-systems/aila/", "kind": "maker", "w": 600, "h": 600 } }, { "id": "tu-darmstadt-bruno-2010", "name": "Bruno", "maker": "TU Darmstadt (Darmstadt Dribblers) and Hajime Research Institute", "makerId": "tu-darmstadt", "country": "Germany", "year": 2010, "date": "2010", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "about EUR 15,000 estimated hardware cost; not sold ()", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A small soccer-playing biped from TU Darmstadt's Darmstadt Dribblers RoboCup team, built on a Hajime Research Institute platform; it could run, kick and pass. Included as a research robot even though it is under 60 cm. Speed is 1.55 km/h rounded.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-a281b8bd7f" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2010", "event": "Year (the Darmstadt Dribblers have competed in RoboCup since 2008)", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold; listed as inactive" }, "components": { "actuators": "21 DoF (6 per leg, 3 per arm, 1 waist, 2 neck) using 18 Dynamixel RX-28 and three RX-64 servos.", "sensors": "Camera, three gyroscopes and a 3-axis accelerometer.", "compute": "CompuLab fit-PC2 with a 1.6 GHz Intel Atom plus a Renesas SuperH 7211 microcontroller.", "battery": "2100 mAh lithium-polymer battery, about 30 minutes of play.", "materials": "Mostly aluminium with some rapid-prototyped parts; 58.5 cm tall and 3.3 kg.", "software": "Voyage Linux with RT-Preempt real-time patch; custom C++ and XABSL behaviour software.", "other": "Hardware platform from Hajime Research Institute (Japan). Could run with a dynamic gait, stand up after falls and fake shots; played for the Darmstadt Dribblers in RoboCup KidSize.", "sources": [] }, "production": { "sold": "not sold; estimated hardware cost about EUR 15,000", "where": "Germany (TU Darmstadt) on a Hajime Research Institute platform", "customers": "Darmstadt Dribblers RoboCup team" }, "video": { "id": "9alziPqmE0g", "title": "Humanoid robot 'Bruno' demonstrates high speed gait", "channel": "Darmstadt Dribblers" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/tu-darmstadt-bruno-2010.jpg", "author": "TU Darmstadt (Darmstadt Dribblers) and Hajime Research Institute", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "http://www.dribblers.de/pict/robots/bruno_isra.jpg", "page": "http://www.dribblers.de/pict/robots/bruno_isra.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 340, "h": 255 } }, { "id": "robotis-darwin-op-2010", "name": "DARwIn-OP", "maker": "ROBOTIS (with Virginia Tech, University of Pennsylvania and Purdue University)", "makerId": "robotis", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2010, "date": "2010", "status": "discontinued", "purpose": [ "research", "education" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 45.5, "weightKg": 2.9, "dof": 20, "speedKmh": 0.9, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 12000, "priceNote": "About USD 12,000; now discontinued", "hands": "none", "firsts": "An early fully open hardware and software small humanoid, built with NSF funding, that won the RoboCup Kid Size league in 2011, 2012 and 2013.", "deployments": "Sold to universities and labs as a research and teaching platform; later revised as DARwIn-OP2 and succeeded by ROBOTIS OP3.", "summary": "A 46 cm research humanoid whose name stands for Dynamic Anthropomorphic Robot with Intelligence - Open Platform. It walks, gets up after falls, tracks objects and plays robot soccer, and its designs and C++ software were published openly. Kept despite being under 60 cm because it was a widely used research platform; the DARwIn-OP2 revision is folded into this entry.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-1d9e57953d", "hs-792a75bc8f" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2010", "event": "Released by ROBOTIS and partner universities (year)", "url": null }, "released": { "date": "2010", "note": "sold as a research kit; OP2 revision later sold by resellers such as RobotLAB" }, "components": { "actuators": "20 DoF (6 per leg, 3 per arm, 2 neck), each joint a DYNAMIXEL MX-28T servo with contactless absolute encoder.", "hands": "No hands; simple arm ends.", "sensors": "HD camera, 3-axis gyroscope, 3-axis accelerometer, stereo microphones; foot force sensors optional.", "compute": "1.6 GHz Intel Atom main computer plus a 72 MHz ARM Cortex-M3 sub-controller; wireless networking.", "battery": "11.1 V 1000 mAh lithium-polymer, about 30 minutes, or external power.", "materials": "45.5 cm tall, 2.9 kg.", "software": "Ubuntu Linux and the open-source DARwIn-OP C++ framework; hardware designs published openly.", "other": "Developed with Virginia Tech (RoMeLa), the University of Pennsylvania (GRASP Lab) and Purdue University, supported by a USD 1.2 million NSF grant. Won the RoboCup KidSize league in 2011, 2012 and 2013.", "sources": [ "hs-1d9e57953d", "hs-7c41c0f152" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sold commercially (listed at about USD 12,000); now discontinued", "where": "South Korea (ROBOTIS)", "customers": "University research and teaching labs; Team DARwIn (RoboCup)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2011-07-27", "title": "DARwIn-OP learns Dance Dance Revolution", "summary": "A Purdue student's summer project taught the robot to step on a custom dance pad in response to on-screen arrows.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/darwinop-learning-to-play-ddr" } ], "video": { "id": "fR332IESwyU", "title": "DARwIn-OP Sample application of motion file", "channel": "ROBOTIS" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/robotis-darwin-op-2010-1.jpg", "author": "KaputJonny", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DARwIn-OP.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 750, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "tum-lola-2010", "name": "LOLA", "maker": "Technical University of Munich", "makerId": "technical-university-of-munich", "country": "Germany", "year": 2010, "date": "2010", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 180, "weightKg": 55, "dof": 25, "speedKmh": 3.3, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "none", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A full-size, lightweight biped for fast walking research that copes with unexpected uneven and soft ground and can brace with its arms.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-5479fd392a", "hs-4a1f314bdd" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2010", "event": "Technical University of Munich", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Custom brushless DC motors with harmonic drive gears; parallel-kinematic legs with a roller-screw knee giving up to 380 Nm. 26 degrees of freedom: head 2, each arm 4, pelvis 2, each leg 7.", "sensors": "iMAR iVRU-FC-C167 IMU in the torso, custom force-torque sensors in the feet, Schunk FTE-Axia80 force-torque sensors at the hands, Intel RealSense T265 and D435 cameras in the head, motor-side and link-side joint encoders.", "compute": "Two mini-ITX industrial boards, each with an Intel Core i7-8700 and 32 GB RAM, an NVIDIA Quadro P2000 GPU, an ELMO servo controller per joint and an EtherCAT bus.", "battery": "External supply feeding 24 V and 80 V circuits.", "materials": "Aluminium, 3D-printed titanium and stainless steel.", "software": "QNX Neutrino RTOS 7.0 for control, Ubuntu 20.04 for computer vision, and TUM's broccoli library.", "other": "176 cm, 68 kg; walks at up to 3.38 km/h.", "sources": [] }, "production": { "built": "One research robot.", "sold": "Never sold.", "where": "Germany" }, "video": { "id": "VZyrpoK8X7o", "title": "First Movements of LOLA, our Humanoid Robot", "channel": "TUM Chair of Applied Mechanics (@AppliedMechanicsTUM)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/tum-lola-2010.jpg", "author": "Technical University of Munich (TUM)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.mec.ed.tum.de/am/forschung/aktuelle-projekte/humanoider-roboter-lola/", "page": "https://www.mec.ed.tum.de/am/forschung/aktuelle-projekte/humanoider-roboter-lola/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 679 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/technical-university-of-munich.png", "author": "TUM ccc", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Technical_University_of_Munich.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Technical_University_of_Munich.svg", "article": "Technical University of Munich" } }, { "id": "pal-robotics-reem-2010", "name": "REEM", "maker": "PAL Robotics", "makerId": "pal", "country": "Spain", "year": 2010, "date": "2010", "status": "discontinued", "purpose": [ "retail", "social" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": 90, "dof": 22, "speedKmh": 4, "payloadKg": 30, "batteryHours": 8, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled service humanoid with a touchscreen chest, built to guide and inform visitors in malls, airports and events. Payload is 30 kg on its back (1 kg per arm). Current availability not confirmed.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-a0571d4519" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2010", "event": "PAL Robotics launch", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "offered as a commercial service robot; details not confirmed" }, "components": { "battery": "Up to 8 hours of operating time from a lithium battery (PAL Robotics, 2011).", "other": "Wheeled base with a top speed of 5 km/h; touchscreen torso, two motorised arms and motorised head; a small platform for transporting objects (PAL Robotics, 2011).", "sources": [ "hs-a0571d4519" ] }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/pal-robotics-reem-2010.jpg", "author": "JosepPAL", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:REEMS.jpg", "article": "REEM", "w": 640, "h": 427 } }, { "id": "nasa-gm-robonaut-2-2010", "name": "Robonaut 2 (R2)", "maker": "NASA Johnson Space Center and General Motors", "makerId": "nasa-johnson-space-center", "country": "United States", "year": 2010, "date": "2010-02-04", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "space", "industrial", "research" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": 101.6, "weightKg": 149.7, "dof": 42, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 9, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "cost about US$2.5 million per robot; not sold", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "First humanoid robot in space and first US-built robot on the International Space Station (launched 24 Feb 2011 on STS-133).", "deployments": "Worked in the ISS Destiny lab from 2011; climbing legs were added in 2014; returned to Earth for repair in 2018 and is now displayed at the Smithsonian's Udvar-Hazy Center.", "summary": "A dexterous upper-body humanoid (height is waist to head) with 12-DOF hands and over 350 sensors, built with GM for both spaceflight and car-factory work. Two units were made, R2A and R2B.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-c1a6bb3374", "hs-47ec18a3c1", "hs-780435d08c", "hs-32a52886f2", "hs-2e8cb2f140", "hs-a2e367b1e5" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2010-02-04", "event": "NASA and GM joint announcement of Robonaut 2", "url": "https://www3.nasa.gov/audience/formedia/archives/2010-all-archives.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "54 servomotors driving 42 degrees of freedom (arms 7 each, hands 12 each, neck 3, waist 1); arms move at up to 2 m/s and lift about 18 kg (40 lb). NASA's design goals included a soft (compliant) drivetrain.", "hands": "12 degrees of freedom per hand plus 2 in the wrist; about 2.3 kg (5 lb) of grip per finger; custom six-axis load cells in each hand and fingertip touch sensors.", "sensors": "More than 350 sensors: four visor cameras (two stereo, two auxiliary), an infrared/time-of-flight depth camera in the mouth area, hand load cells and fingertip tactile sensors.", "compute": "38 PowerPC processors; flight unit upgraded with radiation-tolerant processors. Vision ran on MVTec Halcon 9.0.", "battery": "Ran on ISS DC power; a battery backpack for untethered use was planned but no capacity has been published.", "materials": "Mainly aluminium with steel; the flight unit added a flame-resistant outer skin and electromagnetic shielding.", "software": "Autonomous and teleoperated modes, commanded from the ISS or from the ground.", "other": "ISS upgrades included quieter fans and rewiring for station power. Climbing legs were delivered on SpX-3 in April 2014.", "sources": [ "hs-c1a6bb3374", "hs-47ec18a3c1" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Never sold; about US$2.5 million per robot", "where": "United States; International Space Station (2011-2018)", "customers": "International Space Station (NASA); publicly displayed at the Smithsonian Udvar-Hazy Center in October 2024 (NASA FY2025 Agency Financial Report)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2018-05", "title": "R2 returned to Earth for repairs", "summary": "NASA's project review records that R2 was packed in February 2018, returned on SpaceX-14 for repairs, and reached the Johnson Space Center Robonaut lab in May 2018.", "publisher": "NASA", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20190025367/downloads/20190025367.pdf" }, { "date": "2011-10-13", "title": "First humanoid moves in space", "summary": "Robonaut 2 successfully moved for the first time in space on 13 October 2011.", "publisher": "Eurescom mess@ge", "url": "https://www.eurescom.eu/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/EURESCOM_message_03-2011.pdf" }, { "date": "2011-02-24", "title": "Mission to the International Space Station", "summary": "NASA launched Robonaut 2 aboard space shuttle Discovery on STS-133 on February 24, 2011, for deployment to the ISS.", "publisher": "NASA", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/robonaut2/mission-to-the-international-space-station/" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/nasa-gm-robonaut-2-2010.jpg", "author": "Robert Markowitz", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Robonaut_2_working.jpg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Robonaut_2_working.jpg", "article": "Robonaut", "w": 640, "h": 426 } }, { "id": "atr-geminoid-f-2010", "name": "Geminoid F", "maker": "ATR and Osaka University (Hiroshi Ishiguro) with Kokoro", "makerId": "osaka-university", "country": "Japan", "year": 2010, "date": "2010-04-03", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": 140, "weightKg": 30, "dof": 12, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 110000, "priceNote": "Planned sale price about ¥10 million (~US$110,000 in April 2010) per Kokoro via IEEE Spectrum.", "hands": "none", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A seated, remotely operated android copy of a Japanese woman that mirrors its operator's facial expressions. Height is in sitting posture.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-88d4e70cf9" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2010-04-03", "event": "Press conference in Osaka", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/040310-geminoid-f-hiroshi-ishiguro-unveils-new-smiling-female-android" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Kokoro said it planned to sell copies; no confirmed sales found" }, "components": { "actuators": "12 pneumatic actuators (versus about 50 on Geminoid HI-1); air servo valves built into the body, so only a small external compressor is needed.", "hands": "No actuated hands; motion limited to face, neck, chest and spine.", "sensors": "No on-board sensing described; operator's face is tracked by cameras and face-tracking software so the android mirrors expressions.", "compute": "External teleoperation control unit and air-valve system.", "battery": "Tethered: powered by an external air compressor.", "materials": "Silicone rubber skin, fibre-reinforced plastic skull, metal and plastic frame, urethane foam padding, natural and synthetic hair.", "software": "Windows; custom robot control and teleoperation software; autonomous blinking and breathing motions.", "other": "Copy of a woman in her twenties whose identity is kept confidential. Lab lists 165 cm height (95 cm seated) and 12 DoF (11 head, 1 torso).", "sources": [ "hs-88d4e70cf9", "hs-13d235d05c", "hs-f978434bba", "hs-3ed67c6046" ] }, "production": { "built": "not stated", "sold": "Kokoro planned to sell copies at about ¥10 million (~US$110,000, 2010); no confirmed sales found", "where": "Kokoro Co., Japan, with Osaka University and ATR", "customers": "Research use; acted in the play and film Sayonara" }, "news": [ { "date": "2015-11-21", "title": "Sayonara", "summary": "Koji Fukada’s film credits Oriza Hirata for the original story and casts Geminoid F as Leona opposite Bryerly Long as Tanya; it was released in Japan on 21 November 2015.", "publisher": "UNIJAPAN / Japanese Film Database", "url": "https://jfdb.jp/en/title/6115" }, { "date": "2010-04", "title": "Ishiguro unveils smiling female android Geminoid F", "summary": "At a press conference in Osaka, Ishiguro showed Geminoid F, with 12 actuators and a planned price of about ¥10 million.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/040310-geminoid-f-hiroshi-ishiguro-unveils-new-smiling-female-android" } ], "video": { "id": "9q4qwLknKag", "title": "Female Android Geminoid F", "channel": "IEEE Spectrum" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/atr-geminoid-f-2010.jpg", "author": "Osaka University", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20121107232835/http://www.gcoe-cnr.osaka-u.ac.jp/Geminoid/GeminoidF/f_resources.html", "page": "https://web.archive.org/web/20121107232835/http://www.gcoe-cnr.osaka-u.ac.jp/Geminoid/GeminoidF/f_resources.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 664, "h": 1000 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/osaka-university.png", "author": "ATR", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ATR_logo_2015.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ATR_logo_2015.svg", "article": "File:ATR logo 2015.svg" } }, { "id": "vstone-atr-robovie-r3-2010", "name": "Robovie-R Ver.3", "maker": "Vstone and ATR", "makerId": "vstone", "country": "Japan", "year": 2010, "date": "2010-04-16", "status": "discontinued", "purpose": [ "research", "care", "social" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 120, "weightKg": 43, "dof": 17, "speedKmh": 2.5, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 41000, "priceNote": "About $41,000 at launch (orders opened April 2010); one report gave about $40,000", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A life-size wheeled communication humanoid sold as a research platform for helping older and disabled people, for example guiding or carrying shopping in stores and stations. Launch reports gave 120 cm and 43 kg including a 336 Wh battery and 17 joints (another report said 108 cm and 35 kg), with camera eyes, microphones and 11 touch sensors.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-ce092e0ded", "hs-117922ff51", "hs-08243393f3" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2010-04-16", "event": "Vstone/ATR launch with orders opening", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2010/04/16/robovie-r-ver-3-to-make-life-for-the-elderly-and-disabled-easier" }, "released": { "date": "2010-04", "note": "Orders opened at launch as a research platform" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/vstone-atr-robovie-r3-2010.jpg", "author": "Vstone and ATR", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.vstone.co.jp/products/robovie_r3/index.html", "page": "https://www.vstone.co.jp/products/robovie_r3/index.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 750, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "willow-garage-pr2-2010", "name": "PR2", "maker": "Willow Garage", "makerId": "willow-garage", "country": "United States", "year": 2010, "date": "2010-05-26", "status": "discontinued", "purpose": [ "research", "home" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 165, "weightKg": 226.8, "dof": 20, "speedKmh": 3.6, "payloadKg": 1.8, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": 400000, "priceNote": "US$400,000 (one-armed version US$285,000)", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Its open-source ROS software became the standard robot operating system across research labs.", "deployments": "Eleven PR2s went to research teams in the June 2010 beta program; sales ran until Willow Garage closed in 2014.", "summary": "A wheeled research robot with a head of sensors, a telescoping torso and two arms with grippers, which folded towels and fetched drinks. Counted here as humanoid-like (torso, head, two arms, wheeled base), not a classic humanoid.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-6767227aa2", "hs-65731277ce", "hs-be052c7b3b" ], "canada": "Support and services for PR2 passed to Clearpath Robotics (Kitchener, Ontario) when Willow Garage shut down in 2014.", "firstShown": { "date": "2010-05-26", "event": "Willow Garage PR2 beta program launch event", "url": null }, "released": { "date": "2010-09", "note": "sold to research labs" }, "components": { "actuators": "32 brushed DC motors.", "hands": "One 1-DoF gripper per arm with fingertip pressure sensors.", "sensors": "Wide- and narrow-angle head stereo cameras, 5 MP camera, forearm Ethernet cameras, Microsoft Kinect, Hokuyo UTM-30LX lasers on the tilting torso mount and base, Microstrain 3DM-GX2 IMU and arm accelerometers.", "compute": "Two quad-core Intel i7 Xeon processors, 24 GB RAM, 500 GB internal and 1.5 TB removable drives.", "battery": "1.3 kWh lithium-ion pack, about 2 hours.", "materials": "Hard plastic and metal exterior with foam arm covers.", "software": "ROS with open-source packages including OpenCV and PCL.", "sources": [ "hs-6767227aa2" ] }, "production": { "sold": "PR2 sales announced in August 2010 for a September launch (Singularity Hub, August 23, 2010).", "customers": "11 research teams received two-year PR2 loans in June 2010 (not named in source)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2014-01-15", "title": "Clearpath takes over PR2 support and service", "summary": "Clearpath Robotics assumed PR2 support and service responsibilities, with Willow Garage committing to customer support through at least 2016.", "publisher": "Clearpath Robotics", "url": "https://clearpathrobotics.com/blog/2014/01/clearpath-welcomes-pr2/" }, { "date": "2010-08-23", "title": "Willow Garage announces September PR2 sales", "summary": "Willow Garage announced that PR2 would go on sale the next month; prospective customers could request quotes.", "publisher": "Singularity Hub", "url": "https://singularityhub.com/2010/08/23/willow-garages-big-announcement-pr2-robots-will-go-on-sale-next-month/" }, { "date": "2010-05", "title": "Eleven PR2s sent to research labs on two-year loans", "summary": "Willow Garage celebrated the late-May sendoff of 11 PR2 units destined for research labs on two-year loans.", "publisher": "Stanford Magazine", "url": "https://stanfordmag.org/contents/bot-mitzvah" }, { "date": "2010-01-22", "title": "Milestone 3 complete: PR2 betas ready and ROS 1.0", "summary": "Willow Garage announced completion of Milestone 3 and ROS 1.0; PR2 beta robots and the beta program had been announced earlier that month.", "publisher": "Willow Garage Japan (official Japanese-language blog)", "url": "https://willowgarageja.blogspot.com/2010/01/" } ], "video": { "id": "c3Cq0sy4TBs", "title": "PR2 Robot Fetches Beer from the Refrigerator", "channel": "WillowGaragevideo (Willow Garage)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/willow-garage-pr2-2010-1.jpg", "author": "Willow Garage", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PR2_Tabletop.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 862, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "humboldt-myon-2010", "name": "Myon", "maker": "Neurorobotics Research Laboratory (Manfred Hild), Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, later Beuth University of Applied Sciences", "makerId": "neurorobotics-research-laboratory", "country": "Germany", "year": 2010, "date": "2010-06", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 125, "weightKg": 16, "dof": 32, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Billed by its lab as the first humanoid whose body parts can be fully removed and reattached during operation; one of the first robots to perform a leading role in an opera.", "deployments": "Performed in the Komische Oper Berlin's My Square Lady in 2015.", "summary": "A 1.25 m, about 16 kg modular humanoid built for the EU ALEAR language-evolution project, with 32 DoF driven by 48 actuators; each limb carries its own battery and processor, so arms, legs or even the head can be detached and reattached while it runs. It later starred, unscripted, in the Komische Oper Berlin production My Square Lady (2015).", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-a55121b10f", "hs-781ea231a8", "hs-714f7bcdd7", "hs-f92268e8d8" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2010-06", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/humboldt-myon-2010-1.jpg", "author": "Forschungslabor Neurorobotik der Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin", "license": "CC BY-SA 1.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MyonRobot.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 605, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "univ-tehran-surena-2-2010", "name": "Surena II", "maker": "University of Tehran, Center for Advanced Vehicles", "makerId": "university-of-tehran", "country": "Iran", "year": 2010, "date": "2010-07-03", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 145, "weightKg": 45, "dof": 22, "speedKmh": 0.1, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A 22-DOF walking humanoid built by about 20 engineers and students in under two years and unveiled in Tehran in the presence of the president. Speed is the reported 0.03 m/s converted.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-1f492de839" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2010-07-03", "event": "Surena II unveiling in Tehran, attended by President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad", "url": "https://phys.org/news/2010-07-iran-unveils-human-like-robot.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "22 degrees of freedom: 6 per leg, 4 per arm and 2 in the head.", "sensors": "Gyroscopes and accelerometers for balance.", "other": "1.45 m and 45 kg; built by the Center for Advanced Vehicles and ADCSL at the University of Tehran.", "sources": [ "hs-1f492de839" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Never sold", "where": "Iran" }, "news": [ { "date": "2010-07-03", "title": "Surena II unveiled in Tehran", "summary": "President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad unveiled Surena II in Tehran on 3 July 2010.", "publisher": "AFP / Phys.org", "url": "https://phys.org/news/2010-07-iran-unveils-human-like-robot.html" } ], "video": { "id": "4bE9LyELTRs", "title": "Iran's Humanoid Robot Surena 2 Walking", "channel": "IEEE Spectrum" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/univ-tehran-surena-2-2010-1.jpg", "author": "Salehisahel", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Surena_2..jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 1000, "h": 991 } }, { "id": "uni-bonn-cosero-2010", "name": "Cosero", "maker": "University of Bonn (Autonomous Intelligent Systems group, team NimbRo@Home)", "makerId": "university-of-bonn", "country": "Germany", "year": 2010, "date": "2010-09", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "home", "care" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 30, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Won the RoboCup@Home competition three times in a row with team NimbRo@Home.", "deployments": "Used in RoboCup@Home competitions from 2011, where it carried a table together with a person and cooked an omelette in the Istanbul final.", "summary": "A domestic service robot with an anthropomorphic upper body: two 7-DoF arms on a 2-DoF trunk with a movable sensor head, on an eight-wheeled omnidirectional base, 30 degrees of freedom in all. It succeeded Bonn's Dynamaid (2009) with arms twice as strong and became operational in fall 2010.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-b82aaf3906", "hs-5427fee2eb" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2010-09", "event": "Operational in fall 2010; first competition RoboCup 2011", "url": "https://ais.uni-bonn.de/nimbro/@Home/robots.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/uni-bonn-cosero-2010.jpg", "author": "University of Bonn, Autonomous Intelligent Systems group (Team NimbRo)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://ais.uni-bonn.de/nimbro/@Home/robots.html", "page": "https://ais.uni-bonn.de/nimbro/@Home/robots.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 526, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "aist-kawada-hrp-4-2010", "name": "HRP-4", "maker": "Kawada Industries and AIST", "makerId": "kawada-industries", "country": "Japan", "year": 2010, "date": "2010-09", "status": "discontinued", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 151, "weightKg": 39, "dof": 34, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 305000, "priceNote": "Unchanged from existing record", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Sold to universities and research institutes from January 2011.", "summary": "A slim 'athlete' humanoid with 7-DOF arms, built on HRP-4C technology as a cheaper, lighter research platform.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-6b9eebf988", "hs-f8361d6085", "hs-d20937bd6a", "hs-01d61c91ca" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2010-09", "event": "Robotics Society of Japan annual conference", "url": "https://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/list/latest_research/2010/20101108/20101108.html" }, "released": { "date": "2011-01", "note": "Kawada began supplying universities and research institutes in Japan and overseas (AIST)" }, "components": { "actuators": "80 W motors and lower-power motors on every joint, chosen for safety.", "hands": "2 DoF per hand; 0.5 kg payload per arm.", "sensors": "Cameras in head and arms, microphones.", "compute": "PC/104 Pentium M computer with Wi-Fi; a small notebook PC can be mounted on the back for extra processing.", "materials": "Aluminium-alloy frame with plastic covers; 151 cm, 39 kg.", "software": "Linux with RT-Preempt patch, OpenRTM-aist middleware, OpenHRP3 simulator, OpenHRI and OpenCV.", "other": "34 DoF (7 per arm). AIST aimed for a total cost well below the earlier HRP series.", "sources": [ "hs-6b9eebf988", "hs-01d61c91ca" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Supplied by Kawada to universities and research institutes in Japan and overseas from January 2011 (AIST)", "where": "Japan and overseas" }, "news": [ { "date": "2011-01", "title": "Deliveries begin", "summary": "Kawada began manufacturing and supplying HRP-4 to research institutions.", "publisher": "AIST", "url": "https://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/list/latest_research/2010/20101108/20101108.html" }, { "date": "2010-09", "title": "HRP-4 shown", "summary": "HRP-4 was first presented at the Robotics Society of Japan conference.", "publisher": "AIST", "url": "https://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/list/latest_research/2010/20101108/20101108.html" } ], "video": { "id": "tcDyZ89TRAA", "title": "人間型ロボットHRP-4_歩行・体操他【産総研公式】", "channel": "産総研チャンネル (AIST official)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/aist-kawada-hrp-4-2010.jpg", "author": "Kawada Industries (robot business now Kawada Robotics Corporation)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.kawadarobot.co.jp/en/history", "page": "https://www.kawadarobot.co.jp/en/history", "kind": "maker", "w": 628, "h": 488 } }, { "id": "brl-bert2-2010", "name": "BERT2 (Bristol Elumotion Robot Torso 2)", "maker": "Bristol Robotics Laboratory (UWE Bristol and University of Bristol) with Elumotion", "makerId": "bristol-laboratory", "country": "United Kingdom", "year": 2010, "date": "2010-10", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "An upper-body humanoid with an expressive animated face, arms and fingered hands, used at Bristol Robotics Laboratory to study gaze, gestures and safe hand-overs between robots and people. Its hybrid expressive face was presented at IROS 2010, and it was later used in studies on robots that apologise for mistakes.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-103e6e1510", "hs-bb77a96184" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2010-10", "event": "IROS 2010 paper on its expressive face (Taipei)", "url": "https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/design-and-testing-of-hybrid-expressive-face-for-the-bert2-humano/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/brl-bert2-2010.jpg", "author": "Bristol Robotics Laboratory with Elumotion", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://ar5iv.labs.arxiv.org/html/1608.07403", "page": "https://ar5iv.labs.arxiv.org/html/1608.07403", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 750 } }, { "id": "sabanci-suralp-2010", "name": "SURALP", "maker": "Sabanci University (Kemalettin Erbatur's mechatronics team)", "makerId": "sabanci-university", "country": "Turkey", "year": 2010, "date": "2010-10-13", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 164, "weightKg": 114, "dof": 29, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 1000000, "priceNote": "Project cost about $1 million, funded by TUBITAK (not for sale)", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Presented as Turkey's first full-body walking humanoid robot.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A human-sized biped with 29 driven axes in its legs, arms, waist and neck, using DC motors, belts and Harmonic Drive gears, force-torque sensors, IMUs and cameras. Its legs first walked in May 2008, the design was presented at IROS 2009, and at its public debut in October 2010 it picked up a drink can, handed it to a person and threw the empty can away.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-4a9b8079f6", "hs-b519170b42", "hs-92713db3f8" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2010-10-13", "event": "Public introduction at Sabanci University's Tuzla campus (legs first walked May 2008)", "url": "https://www.azorobotics.com/News.aspx?newsID=229" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/sabanci-suralp-2010.jpg", "author": "Sabanci University", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://people.sabanciuniv.edu/erbatur/humanoid%20robot%20project.html", "page": "https://people.sabanciuniv.edu/erbatur/humanoid%20robot%20project.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 415, "h": 766 } }, { "id": "romela-charli-2011", "name": "CHARLI", "maker": "RoMeLa (Robotics & Mechanisms Laboratory)", "makerId": "romela", "country": "United States", "year": 2011, "date": "2011", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 141, "weightKg": 12.1, "dof": 25, "speedKmh": 1.4, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Competed at RoboCup 2011.", "summary": "A very light (12 kg) full-height humanoid that walked, kicked a ball and corrected its posture when pushed. RoMeLa was then at Virginia Tech and later moved to UCLA.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-15cbc2cf88", "hs-5a43e7e362" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2011", "event": "RoboCup 2011", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "32 DC motors.", "hands": "1 DoF per hand.", "sensors": "Camera, three-axis rate gyro, three-axis accelerometer, two microphones, joint encoders.", "compute": "Single-board computer with 1.6 GHz Intel Atom.", "battery": "14.8 V Li-Po for motors and 11.1 V Li-Po for computing; about 30 minutes.", "materials": "Aluminium alloy, titanium, carbon-fibre composites and plastics; 141 cm, 12.1 kg.", "software": "Ubuntu Linux with custom C++ control (a LabVIEW version also exists).", "other": "25 DoF.", "sources": [ "hs-6cb909c7e5", "hs-b7c9c8dbbf" ] }, "production": { "built": "research prototype", "sold": "never sold", "where": "United States" }, "news": [ { "date": "2011", "title": "Virginia Tech's RoMeLa Rocks RoboCup 2011", "summary": "RoMeLa's CHARLI-2 won the Louis Vuitton Humanoid Cup for Best Humanoid at RoboCup 2011, bringing the cup to the United States for the first time.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/virginia-techs-romela-rocks-robocup-2011" } ], "video": { "id": "Abt6ZjFcrOM", "title": "Team CHARLI RoboCup 2011 Champions", "channel": "RoMeLa" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/romela-charli-2011.jpg", "author": "RoMeLa (Robotics & Mechanisms Laboratory), UCLA", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://romela.org/charli-cognitive-humanoid-autonomous-robot-with-learning-intelligence/", "page": "https://romela.org/charli-cognitive-humanoid-autonomous-robot-with-learning-intelligence/", "kind": "maker", "w": 664, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "kitech-ever-4-2011", "name": "EveR-4", "maker": "Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH)", "makerId": "korea-institute-of-industrial", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2011, "date": "2011", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 64, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A modular android with 30 degrees of freedom in its face alone and an artificial tongue, on a wheeled base; shown at RoboWorld 2011 and Expo 2012 in Yeosu.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-51351c624a" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2011", "event": "RoboWorld 2011, Seoul", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "EveR-4 H33 head has 33 actuators and 33 degrees of freedom (KITECH, AROB 2015).", "other": "Has an artificial tongue and a 30-DoF face built for expressions; tests at RoboWorld 2011 in Seoul found some expressions easier to read than others, with the best recognition among women aged 20-40. Can be fitted with legs, but no walking is claimed; it moves on a wheeled base. It is the fourth of KITECH's EveR female androids: EveR-1 (2003) used 35 small motors and silicone skin, EveR-2 sang on stage in 2006, and EveR-3 (2009) was the first wheeled model.", "sources": [ "hs-51351c624a" ] }, "production": { "sold": "not sold (research android)", "where": "Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), South Korea" }, "news": [ { "date": "2012-06", "title": "EveR-4 exhibited at Yeosu Expo", "summary": "KITECH documented EveR-4 on exhibition at Yeosu Expo from June 2012.", "publisher": "Korea Institute of Industrial Technology", "url": "https://www.kitech.re.kr/pages/60?id=12437&menuMode=READ" }, { "date": "2010-02-10", "title": "Robot to take starring roles in S.Korea plays", "summary": "AFP reported that EveR-3 had acted in Robot Princess and the Seven Dwarfs and other dramas in 2009, with further roles planned for 2010.", "publisher": "AFP (via Phys.org)", "url": "https://phys.org/news/2010-02-robot-starring-roles-skorea.html" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kitech-ever-4-2011.jpg", "author": "Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.kitech.re.kr/api/v1/attachment/fe60110e-1700-419c-b2fc-506f3ae41d39", "page": "https://www.kitech.re.kr/api/v1/attachment/fe60110e-1700-419c-b2fc-506f3ae41d39", "kind": "maker", "w": 900, "h": 598 } }, { "id": "kist-kibo-2011", "name": "KIBO", "maker": "Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)", "makerId": "korea-institute-of-science", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2011, "date": "2011", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "social" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "hardware cost reported as about $270,000 (not a sale price)", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A child-sized biped with a cartoon-like expressive face that recognises faces and objects, follows spoken commands and finds its way using a camera that reads patterns on the ceiling.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-e020afbff7" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2011", "event": "KIST reveal", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Faulhaber DC motors with harmonic drives and belt-pulley transmissions. 44 DoF: head and face 17, arms 6 each, hands 1 each, waist 1, legs 6 each.", "hands": "1 DoF per hand.", "sensors": "Stereo cameras as eyes; an upward-facing camera that navigates by recognising patterns on the ceiling; Microsoft Kinect; ultrasonic sensors; six-axis force/torque sensors in the feet; three-axis inertial sensor; microphones.", "compute": "Intel Core2 embedded PC.", "battery": "Battery 'power backpack'; about 30 minutes of operation.", "materials": "White and black shell with a clear cover over parts of the body ( photo captions).", "software": "Linux with the RTAI real-time extension; face and object recognition, spoken-command understanding and ceiling-pattern navigation.", "other": "Cartoon-like expressive face that can lip-sync to songs; designed to give hugs.", "sources": [] }, "production": { "sold": "not sold; hardware cost reported as $270,000 (hardware only)", "where": "Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), South Korea" }, "video": { "id": "Ican05CzvcM", "title": "키보 로보월드2011 개막축하공연", "channel": "로보케어 Robocare" } }, { "id": "osaka-pneuborn-2011", "name": "Pneuborn", "maker": "Osaka University (Koh Hosoda lab)", "makerId": "osaka-university", "country": "Japan", "year": 2011, "date": "2011", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 80, "weightKg": null, "dof": 26, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A robot modelled on a human infant and driven by pneumatic artificial muscles fed by an external compressor, used to study how body and movement shape early development. Two versions existed: Pneuborn-7II with 19 muscles and a jointed spine, and Pneuborn-13, which learned to crawl, sit and stand.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-9933b9c11f", "hs-f246754807" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2011", "event": "Both versions unveiled", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "McKibben pneumatic artificial muscles fed by an external air compressor; Pneuborn-7II used 19 pneumatic muscles and a jointed, actuated spine.", "sensors": "External motion-capture system for tracking.", "compute": "Renesas H8-3069 microcontroller.", "battery": "Lithium-polymer battery for electronics plus external air supply.", "materials": "Body proportions modelled on a real human infant; 80 cm and 6.4 kg.", "software": "Custom C/C++; pattern generators and learning algorithms let it teach itself to crawl, sit and stand.", "other": "Two versions were unveiled in 2011: Pneuborn-7II (seven-month infant model) and Pneuborn-13 (13-month model learning to crawl, stand and walk). Built to study how body and movement shape early development.", "sources": [ "hs-f246754807" ] }, "production": { "built": "Research prototypes (two versions)", "sold": "not sold", "where": "Osaka University, Japan (Koh Hosoda lab)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2012-08-24", "title": "Pneumatic infant robot in Video Friday", "summary": "IEEE Spectrum showed Pneuborn-7II, a musculoskeletal infant robot with 19 air muscles and an actuated spine.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/video-friday-and-a-spanking-orchestra" } ], "video": { "id": "uIq3M06Rsvc", "title": "Musculoskeletal Infant Robot \"Pneuborn-7II\"", "channel": "Kenichi Narioka" }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/osaka-university.png", "author": "ATR", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ATR_logo_2015.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ATR_logo_2015.svg", "article": "File:ATR logo 2015.svg" } }, { "id": "waseda-wf-4rvi-flutist-2011", "name": "Waseda Flutist Robot WF-4RVI", "maker": "Waseda University (Atsuo Takanishi lab)", "makerId": "waseda-university", "country": "Japan", "year": 2011, "date": "2011", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": 150, "dof": 41, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Played a classical duet with a robot saxophonist in 2008 (earlier version).", "summary": "A seated humanoid flute player with bellows lungs and human-like lips and tongue that listens and watches to play alongside human musicians; the latest version of a flutist line Waseda began decades earlier.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-d0dfedff69", "hs-253549f328", "hs-bb2b648488" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2011", "event": "Waseda University", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "DC and AC motors with harmonic drives, driving motorised levers and pulleys; 41 DoF across the playing organs.", "hands": "Arms and fingers that open and close the flute keys; fingertips of RTV silicone rubber. Per-hand DoF not published.", "sensors": "Two CCD cameras as eyes, a microphone, air pressure and air flow sensors, optical encoders and force sensors.", "compute": "Three computers: one controls the robot, one generates MIDI accompaniment data, one processes the camera images.", "materials": "Lungs are two acrylic cylinders with bellows; lips, oral cavity and vocal cords of Septon thermoplastic rubber; gel tongue tip; RTV silicone fingertips.", "software": "Linux with custom control software; uses sound and vision cues to play along with human and robot musicians.", "other": "A vibrato mechanism imitates human vocal cords. Built by Atsuo Takanishi, Jorge Solis and colleagues; IEEE Spectrum rated an earlier version at roughly intermediate human skill.", "sources": [ "hs-14f5ea8368" ] }, "production": { "sold": "not sold (research robot)", "where": "Takanishi Lab, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan" }, "news": [ { "date": "2009-11", "title": "Waseda's flute robot plays a duet with a robot saxophonist", "summary": "An earlier version of the flutist performed a classical duet with Waseda's robot saxophonist and traded phrases with a human player.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/flutist-and-saxophonist-robots-partner-for-a-classical-duet" } ], "video": { "id": "XwPl0eTxgcU", "title": "2010 WF-4RVI：performance", "channel": "Atsuo Takanishi (Takanishi Lab)" }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/waseda-university.png", "author": "Waseda University", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waseda_University_Logo.png", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waseda_University_Logo.png", "article": "File:Waseda University Logo.png" } }, { "id": "meka-m1-2011", "name": "M1 Mobile Manipulator", "maker": "Meka Robotics", "makerId": "meka", "country": "United States", "year": 2011, "date": "2011-02", "status": "discontinued", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 160, "weightKg": 165, "dof": 33, "speedKmh": 3.6, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 340000, "priceNote": "M1-Standard list price per IEEE Spectrum (Feb 2011); M1-Custom priced per configuration.", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled research humanoid with an expressive head and two compliant arms with dexterous hands, built to work safely next to people. Meka was later bought by Google.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-20214d1745", "hs-529f546606", "hs-776fe47804" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2011-02", "event": "Meka Robotics announces the M1", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/meka-robotics-announces-mobile-manipulator-with-kinect-and-ros" }, "released": { "date": "2011-01", "note": "First M1-Custom shipped the month before the public announcement; sold to research labs" }, "components": { "actuators": "Series elastic actuators with joint torque control in the arms and hands. 33 DoF: 7 per arm, 5 per hand, 9 in the head. Holonomic (omnidirectional) base with a prismatic lift.", "hands": "5 DoF per hand, compliant and SEA-driven. The M1-Standard shipped with Meka's compliant grippers; M1-Custom buyers could choose hands.", "sensors": "Pan-tilt head with a Microsoft Kinect 3D camera and a 5-megapixel Ethernet camera; six-axis force/torque sensor in each wrist; joint torque and angle sensors; optional extra sensor suite.", "compute": "Three 2.5 GHz Intel Core2 Duo processors on board.", "battery": "24 V, 60 Ah battery; about 1 hour of operation.", "materials": "Machined aluminium and sheet metal.", "software": "Ubuntu Linux with RTAI and Meka's M3 real-time control stack, plus ROS extensions.", "other": "Design inspired by Georgia Tech's Cody research robot; built for safe collaboration with people.", "sources": [ "hs-20214d1745", "hs-a456174e67", "hs-54ebba0547" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sold to research labs. M1-Standard listed at $340,000 (IEEE Spectrum, Feb 2011).", "where": "Meka Robotics, San Francisco, United States", "customers": "First M1-Custom shipped in January 2011 to an unnamed customer" }, "news": [ { "date": "2013-12", "title": "Google buys Meka in robotics spree", "summary": "Meka was one of seven robotics firms Google acquired for Andy Rubin's new robotics group.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/google-acquisition-seven-robotics-companies" }, { "date": "2011-02", "title": "Meka launches the M1 mobile manipulator", "summary": "Meka unveiled the M1 with a Kinect head and ROS support, priced at $340,000 in standard form.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/meka-robotics-announces-mobile-manipulator-with-kinect-and-ros" } ], "video": { "id": "aNpWol7YPCQ", "title": "Meka M1 Mobile Manipulator", "channel": "MekaRoboticsVideos" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/meka-m1-2011.jpg", "author": "Meka Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20120102120005/http://mekabot.com/products/m1-mobile-manipulator", "page": "https://web.archive.org/web/20120102120005/http://mekabot.com/products/m1-mobile-manipulator", "kind": "maker", "w": 651, "h": 406 } }, { "id": "aalborg-geminoid-dk-2011", "name": "Geminoid DK", "maker": "Aalborg University with ATR, Hiroshi Ishiguro Lab and Kokoro", "makerId": "aalborg-university", "country": "Denmark", "year": 2011, "date": "2011-03", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": 130, "weightKg": 40, "dof": 12, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Not sold. Build cost given as about $165,000 with control equipment or about $200,000 (IEEE Spectrum, 2011).", "hands": "none", "firsts": "First Geminoid modelled on a non-Japanese person.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A seated lifelike android copy of Danish professor Henrik Scharfe, who operated it remotely as a stand-in for studies of how people react to android surrogates. Height is in sitting posture.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-fd8f49e8b4", "hs-46b15699ff" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2011-03", "event": "First photos published while the android was being set up at ATR in Nara, Japan", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/latest-geminoid-is-disturbingly-realistic" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "one-off research android" }, "components": { "actuators": "Pneumatic actuators in the face (eyes, forehead, eyebrows, eyelids, cheeks) and body (neck, shoulder); 12 DoF in total.", "hands": "Silicone-skinned, lifelike hands; no actuated hand joints are listed.", "sensors": "No on-board sensors listed. External cameras and microphones placed beside the android feed the teleoperation setup, and a motion-capture system tracks the operator's face and head movements.", "compute": "Custom server and control infrastructure.", "battery": "Mains-powered from a standard 110 V/220 V supply (tethered).", "materials": "Metal skeleton, silicone skin on the face and hands, and a wig of human and artificial hair. The beard was implanted by hand and trimmed. Built by Kokoro in Tokyo.", "software": "Windows with a Java-based control application. Mostly teleoperated by its human model; idle behaviours such as breathing and blinking run on their own.", "other": "First Geminoid copied from a non-Japanese person and the first with a beard. Research questions included whether an android can carry a person's presence to a remote place and whether cultures differ in how they accept such robots.", "sources": [ "hs-fd8f49e8b4", "hs-f34f64d27f" ] }, "production": { "built": "1 (one-off)", "sold": "not sold; cost given as about $165,000 including control equipment or about $200,000 (IEEE Spectrum, 2011)", "where": "Built by Kokoro in Tokyo, set up and tested at ATR in Nara, then shipped to Aalborg University, Denmark", "customers": "Aalborg University (Henrik Schärfe's research group)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2012", "title": "Henrik Scharfe — CV", "summary": "Henrik Schärfe, known for the Geminoid-DK project, was a TIME100 honoree in 2012.", "publisher": "Henrik Scharfe", "url": "https://henrikscharfe.com/cv/" }, { "date": "2011-03", "title": "First look at a Danish professor's android double", "summary": "IEEE Spectrum showed the new Geminoid being set up at ATR in Japan before shipping to a new lab in Denmark.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/latest-geminoid-is-disturbingly-realistic" } ], "video": { "id": "snB24BHw1mw", "title": "Geminoid-DK first smile", "channel": "GeminoidDK" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/aalborg-geminoid-dk-2011-1.jpg", "author": "pressgirlk from Lima, Peru", "license": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Geminoid-DK_and_Sch%C3%A4rfe.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 1000, "h": 750 } }, { "id": "cinvestav-mex-one-2011", "name": "Mex-One (Mexone)", "maker": "Cinvestav Guadalajara (Eduardo Bayro-Corrochano's team)", "makerId": "cinvestav-guadalajara", "country": "Mexico", "year": 2011, "date": "2011-07", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "social" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 105, "weightKg": 15, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Build cost about $100,000 reported; creator said it could be made for $50,000", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Described in press as Mexico's first humanoid robot and, by its creators, the most advanced of its type in Ibero-America.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 105 cm, 15 kg research humanoid from Mexico's Cinvestav with stereo cameras and primate-inspired fingers that could stand, walk in a straight line, kick a ball and track coloured objects. Its builders stressed open AI software and a build cost of about $100,000.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-a638f8983f", "hs-d9fe0b1ea6", "hs-87d4fcaef7" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2011-07", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" } }, { "id": "zju-wu-and-kong-2011", "name": "Wu and Kong", "maker": "Zhejiang University (Xiong Rong's team)", "makerId": "zhejiang-university", "country": "China", "year": 2011, "date": "2011-10", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 160, "weightKg": 55, "dof": 30, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Twin biped humanoids built to play table-tennis rallies with each other and with people, an early showcase of fast vision-guided whole-body control.", "deployments": null, "summary": "Two identical 1.6 m, 55 kg biped humanoids with 30 powered joints (seven per arm), named after the Monkey King Sun Wukong. Cameras in their eyes took 120 images a second to predict the ball's landing point within about 2.5 cm, letting them rally for more than 100 strokes.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-c47f8c20fc", "hs-bcba47ff88", "hs-6ea79a2446" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2011-10", "event": "Public debut at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou", "url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/pingpong-playing-robots-debut-flna119971" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/zju-wu-and-kong-2011.jpg", "author": "Zhejiang University (Xiong Rong's team)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.zju.edu.cn/_upload/article/images/fc/bd/f7ea008c4e79a0162aa0c37e04f4/027ba524-dda7-4c75-a900-eb908c9ab152.jpg", "page": "https://www.zju.edu.cn/_upload/article/images/fc/bd/f7ea008c4e79a0162aa0c37e04f4/027ba524-dda7-4c75-a900-eb908c9ab152.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 600, "h": 396 } }, { "id": "yaskawa-smartpal-vii-2011", "name": "SmartPal VII", "maker": "Yaskawa Electric", "makerId": "yaskawa", "country": "Japan", "year": 2011, "date": "2011-11", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "home", "care", "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "An early demonstration of steering a humanoid's arms remotely with a consumer Kinect motion sensor.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled service humanoid with a sensor head and two arms that a remote person could drive and steer with a Kinect, for example to tidy a room or keep in touch with family far away. It followed Yaskawa's SmartPal V of 2007.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-480cead2ea", "hs-d038156631", "hs-98e86d71e1" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2011-11", "event": "2011 International Robot Exhibition (iREX), Tokyo", "url": "https://www.gizmodo.jp/article/kinect_7/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "development robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Two arms with improved wrists over the earlier SmartPal V, a bending waist and a wheeled trolley base; the predecessor SmartPal V had 21 DoF (7 per arm, 1 per hand, 2 waist, 3 base).", "hands": "Simple grippers; demonstrated picking up a stuffed toy and placing it in a box.", "sensors": "Pan-tilt stereo camera and an infrared sensor in the head, gyro sensor in the body, touch sensors.", "software": "A remote operator's arm motions, captured by a Microsoft Kinect, are mapped by Yaskawa's software onto the robot's hand, waist and trolley motion.", "other": "Shown at the 2011 International Robot Exhibition in Tokyo, framed around a person in Tokyo tidying a parent's home in Fukuoka and keeping in touch remotely. Predecessor SmartPal V (2007) was 132.5 cm, 127 kg with a 23 kg battery and about 2.5 h runtime.", "sources": [ "hs-480cead2ea", "hs-d038156631", "hs-98e86d71e1" ] }, "production": { "built": "Prototype", "sold": "not sold", "where": "Japan (Yaskawa Electric)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2011-12-02", "title": "Kinect-driven SmartPal VII tidies up at iREX", "summary": "Gizmodo Japan watched the robot copy an operator's arm movements to put a toy in a box at the 2011 robot exhibition.", "publisher": "Gizmodo Japan", "url": "https://www.gizmodo.jp/article/kinect_7/" }, { "date": "2011-11-22", "title": "Yaskawa humanoid controlled through Kinect", "summary": "TechCrunch described SmartPal VII as a telepresence and household-help robot steered by a remote person via Kinect.", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2011/11/22/smartpal-vii-a-humanoid-that-can-be-remote-controlled-via-kinect-video/amp/" } ], "video": { "id": "zJSbn70Jke8", "title": "Kinectで操作する安川電機の次世代ロボット「SmartPal VII」 #DigInfo", "channel": "ikinamo Japan / DigInfo TV (@ikinamojapan)" } }, { "id": "honda-asimo-2011", "name": "All-new ASIMO", "maker": "Honda", "makerId": "honda", "country": "Japan", "year": 2011, "date": "2011-11-08", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 130, "weightKg": 48, "dof": 57, "speedKmh": 9, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 0.7, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Running at 9 km/h, hopping on one leg and signing with 13-DOF hands, it was the most capable humanoid of its era; Honda claimed a first in autonomous behaviour control.", "deployments": "Performed daily at Miraikan and Honda showrooms until it retired from regular shows on 31 March 2022.", "summary": "The final ASIMO generation: it ran backwards, jumped, walked on uneven ground, poured drinks and avoided people. Operating time was 40 minutes of walking with automatic recharging; Honda stopped ASIMO development in 2018.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-134ef5224c", "hs-6055da5dbd", "hs-519f901798", "hs-42d04a8dde", "hs-5aaf55b1c9" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2011-11-08", "event": "Honda press event, Tokyo", "url": "https://global.honda/en/newsroom/news/2011/c111108aeng.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold; retired March 2022" }, "components": { "actuators": "More than 26 DC and brushless DC motors driving 57 degrees of freedom (head 3, arms 7 each, hands 13 each, hip 2, legs 6 each) per the strengthened legs with a wider range of movement.", "hands": "Compact multi-fingered hands with 13 degrees of freedom each and independently controlled fingers; a tactile sensor in each palm and a force sensor in each finger.", "sensors": "Visual and auditory sensors support face and voice recognition; tactile sensors in the palms and force sensors in the fingers support dexterous grasping (Honda, 2011).", "compute": "Honda-developed autonomous behavior control system integrates sensor inputs, estimates the surrounding situation, and determines the robot's next action (Honda, 2011).", "battery": "51.8 V lithium-ion; about 1 hour of operation.", "materials": "Magnesium-alloy frame covered with a plastic resin shell.", "software": "VxWorks real-time operating system with Honda's control software; autonomous behaviour control that predicts movement without an operator, face and multi-speaker voice recognition, and object recognition from vision plus touch (Honda).", "other": "130 cm and 48 kg; ran at 9 km/h, could make sign language and open a bottle and pour a drink.", "sources": [ "hs-134ef5224c", "hs-fdac8d6f43", "hs-42d04a8dde", "hs-5aaf55b1c9" ] }, "production": { "sold": "ASIMO development was reported to be ending in June 2018 (Nippon TV, 2018); Honda said its wider bipedal robot research continued (PC Watch interview with Honda, 2018).", "where": "Japan (Honda head office and Miraikan), with demonstrations worldwide", "customers": "Miraikan, Tokyo (regular shows until March 2022)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2022-03-31", "title": "ASIMO gives its final show", "summary": "ASIMO performed a farewell show at Honda Welcome Plaza Aoyama after about 22 years of public appearances.", "publisher": "Time Out Tokyo", "url": "https://www.timeout.com/tokyo/news/beloved-japanese-robot-asimo-retires-after-performing-for-22-years-041222" }, { "date": "2018-06-29", "title": "Honda retiring robot Asimo", "summary": "Nippon TV reported that Honda would no longer continue ASIMO development; Honda told PC Watch that wider bipedal robotics research continued.", "publisher": "Nippon TV NEWS 24 JAPAN", "url": "https://www.ntv.co.jp/englishnews/scitech/honda_retiring_robot_asimo/" }, { "date": "2011-11-08", "title": "All-new ASIMO unveiled", "summary": "Honda unveiled an ASIMO with autonomous behaviour control, 57 degrees of freedom and 9 km/h running.", "publisher": "Honda", "url": "https://global.honda/en/newsroom/news/2011/c111108aeng.html" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/honda-asimo-2011.jpg", "author": "Morio", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Honda_ASIMO_(ver._2011)_2011_Tokyo_Motor_Show.jpg", "article": "ASIMO", "w": 408, "h": 640 } }, { "id": "android-technics-ar-600-2012", "name": "AR-600", "maker": "Android Technics (NPO Androidnaya Tekhnika)", "makerId": "android-technics", "country": "Russia", "year": 2012, "date": "2012", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "industrial", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 147.5, "weightKg": 56, "dof": 36, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Described as one of the first full-size humanoid robots designed in Russia.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A full-size walking humanoid that can speak and handle objects, aimed at industrial and entertainment uses.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-77f003a7ac" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2012", "event": "Android Technics reveal (2008 first unveiling history)", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not known to be sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "35 DC servomotors; 36 DoF (head 3, arms 5 each, hands 5 each, body 1, legs 6 each).", "hands": "5 DoF per hand; tactile sensors listed.", "sensors": "Two cameras, gyroscope, accelerometer, joint angle sensors, tactile sensors.", "battery": "48 V lithium-iron-phosphate battery.", "materials": "Plastic outer skin over a frame of light metal and plastic.", "software": "AR-SOFT, the maker's own software; face and object recognition.", "other": "Can speak and handle household objects and tools. Lineage: AR-400 (2006 start), AR-400M (2007), AR-600 (unveiled 2008).", "sources": [] }, "production": { "sold": "not known to be sold", "where": "Android Technics, Magnitogorsk and Moscow, Russia" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/android-technics-ar-600-2012.jpg", "author": "NPO Android Technics (JSC SPA Android Technics)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://npo-at.com/en/projects/ar-600/", "page": "https://npo-at.com/en/projects/ar-600/", "kind": "maker", "w": 961, "h": 509 } }, { "id": "kit-armar-4-2012", "name": "ARMAR-4", "maker": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (H2T, Tamim Asfour)", "makerId": "karlsruhe-institute-of", "country": "Germany", "year": 2012, "date": "2012", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": 70, "dof": 63, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A full-body, torque-controlled humanoid with 63 actuators, 214 sensors and 76 microcontrollers, the only walking member of the otherwise wheeled ARMAR family. The design was introduced in 2012.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-9e343cd73e" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2012", "event": "Design introduced", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "63 actuators for 63 active DoF; full-body torque control (maker figure).", "sensors": "214 sensors in total (maker figure). The head, shared with ARMAR-IIIa/IIIb, has 7 DoF (4 neck, 3 eyes), six microphones, a 6D inertial sensor and two cameras per eye (wide-angle and narrow-angle).", "compute": "Three PCs (perception, high-level control, balancing) plus 76 microcontrollers for low-level joint control.", "battery": "On-board batteries, included in the 70 kg weight; capacity not published.", "other": "The only legged member of the otherwise wheeled ARMAR family; developed within KIT's Collaborative Research Center 588 (SFB 588) on humanoid robots.", "sources": [ "hs-9e343cd73e" ] }, "production": { "sold": "not sold (research robot)", "where": "H2T lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany" }, "video": { "id": "yQIfk0VcBo8", "title": "Transfer of Human Motion to the Humanoid Robot ARMAR-4", "channel": "HumanoidRobots (KIT H2T lab channel)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kit-armar-4-2012.jpg", "author": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (H2T, High Performance Humanoid Technologies Lab)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://h2t.iar.kit.edu/397.php", "page": "https://h2t.iar.kit.edu/397.php", "kind": "maker", "w": 461, "h": 904 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/karlsruhe-institute-of.png", "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_KIT.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_KIT.svg", "article": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology" } }, { "id": "iit-coman-2012", "name": "COMAN (COmpliant huMANoid)", "maker": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)", "makerId": "istituto-italiano-di-tecnologia", "country": "Italy", "year": 2012, "date": "2012", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 95, "weightKg": 31.2, "dof": 25, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A child-sized compliant biped grown out of IIT's iCub and cCub work, with torque sensing in every motor and elastic elements in key joints so it can absorb bumps and falls safely.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-bf4e7adf4b", "hs-09c3d0e16c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2012", "event": "IIT research reveal", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Over 30 torque-controlled brushless DC motors; 14 custom modular series elastic actuators on the flexion/extension joints of the arms and legs, mixing passive and active compliance.", "hands": "None fitted in early versions; IEEE Spectrum (April 2013) said a pair of hands had been finished and would be added later.", "sensors": "Torque and position sensing on every joint; six-axis force/torque sensors at the ankles and wrists; IMU in the torso. No cameras listed (a head was still in development in 2013).", "compute": "Two on-board PC/104 embedded computers plus custom DSP joint controllers.", "battery": "29 V lithium-ion polymer battery; about 2 hours of operation.", "materials": "Titanium-alloy, stainless steel and aluminium-alloy structure (titanium torso) under an ABS plastic shell.", "software": "Linux with the Xenomai real-time framework; stabilisation controllers that kept it steady on a moving platform and when pushed.", "other": "Sized like a four-year-old. The team picked joint stiffness using resonance analysis and energy-storage maximisation. Partly funded by the EU AMARSi project.", "sources": [ "hs-bf4e7adf4b" ] }, "production": { "sold": "not sold (research robot)", "where": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Italy" }, "news": [ { "date": "2013-04", "title": "IIT's compliant COMAN shrugs off shoves", "summary": "IEEE Spectrum showed the child-sized biped absorbing impacts with its springy joints and balancing on a moving platform.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/iit-coman-humanoid-robot" } ], "video": { "id": "oXBYZxa25vc", "title": "CoMAN - Full Body Compliant Humanoid COMAN", "channel": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (@IITVideos)" } }, { "id": "ut-austin-meka-dreamer-2012", "name": "Dreamer", "maker": "University of Texas at Austin and Meka Robotics", "makerId": "university-of-texas-at-austin", "country": "United States", "year": 2012, "date": "2012", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "social" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A compliant humanoid torso on an omnidirectional wheeled base, with a deliberately cartoonish head and fast-moving eyes, built to work closely and safely with people.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-cc2fd7138b", "hs-fd580751af" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2012", "event": "UT Austin reveal", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Series elastic actuators in the 7-DoF arms (the lab lists Apptronik P170 SEAs); brushless DC motors in the 3-DoF torque-controlled torso, head and base. Rides on Trikey, a compliant holonomic base with torque sensing on every wheel.", "hands": "5-DoF compliant, tendon-driven hands with force sensors in the fingers.", "sensors": "Stereo cameras in 3-DoF eyes capable of fast saccades; joint position and torque sensors; force sensors in the wrists and fingers; IMU.", "compute": "Intel Core i5 computer; EtherCAT real-time bus.", "battery": "Lead-acid batteries; 15 to 45 minutes of operation; untethered base.", "software": "Ubuntu Linux with RTAI; Whole-Body Control Framework v1.1 (later the lab's ControlIt! whole-body controller); Meka M3 server for communications; skills written as YAML directives.", "other": "Meka-UT Austin head with a 4-DoF neck and expressive ears that rotate, flex and change colour (pink, blue, white, green).", "sources": [ "hs-dd3bc3f698", "hs-1ea502c2e9", "hs-54ebba0547" ] }, "production": { "sold": "not sold", "where": "Human Centered Robotics Lab, UT Austin, with hardware from Meka Robotics (San Francisco)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2013-12", "title": "Dreamer's co-builder Meka bought by Google", "summary": "IEEE Spectrum named Dreamer as one of Meka's best-known robots when Google acquired the company.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/google-acquisition-seven-robotics-companies" }, { "date": "2012-03", "title": "Meka and UT Austin start a second robot, HUME", "summary": "After their first collaboration, the partners announced a compliant biped for fast rough-terrain locomotion.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/meka-and-ut-austin-developing-hyperagile-bipedal-robot" } ], "video": { "id": "9BENNxiXqPA", "title": "Dreamer Mobile Humanoid Robot (Teaser video)", "channel": "UT Human Centered Robotics Lab" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/ut-austin-meka-dreamer-2012.jpg", "author": "University of Texas at Austin and Meka Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://sites.utexas.edu/hcrl/robots/", "page": "https://sites.utexas.edu/hcrl/robots/", "kind": "maker", "w": 429, "h": 770 } }, { "id": "wroclaw-flash-2012", "name": "FLASH", "maker": "Wroclaw University of Technology (Jan Kedzierski)", "makerId": "wroclaw-university-of", "country": "Poland", "year": 2012, "date": "2012", "status": "discontinued", "purpose": [ "research", "social" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A social research robot on a self-balancing two-wheel base with an expressive head showing six emotions and arms with hands, built to study how people respond to robot companions.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-e3b7078bff" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2012", "event": "Wroclaw University of Technology", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Maxon brushed DC motors; 51 DoF (arms 7 each, hands 12 each, head 11, wheels 2) on a self-balancing two-wheel base.", "hands": "12 DoF per hand.", "sensors": "Hokuyo URG laser range finder, Analog Devices inertial system, Microsoft Kinect, Logitech QuickCam Sphere camera.", "compute": "microATX board with an Intel i7 quad-core CPU, plus a Freescale PowerPC MPC555 controller.", "battery": "Main 42 V, 16 Ah lithium-polymer pack and a 16.8 V, 10 Ah secondary pack; about 2 hours of operation.", "materials": "Aluminium chassis; plastic parts made by selective laser sintering and rapid prototyping.", "software": "Ubuntu Linux and Windows 7; Gostai Urbi, FAtiMA, Player, Adept ARIA, OpenCV, SDL, Microsoft Speech API, Loquendo, PittPatt and OpenNI. Partly autonomous and teleoperable.", "other": "Its EMYS head shows six emotions (happiness, sadness, surprise, anger, weariness, disgust). Developed in the EU LIREC companion-robot project; the head later became the EMYS educational robot, sold by EMYS Inc. (founded 2018 by Jan Kędzierski).", "sources": [] }, "production": { "sold": "not sold (research robot)", "where": "Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland" }, "video": { "id": "YQHjJ1MrRJg", "title": "FLASH - Robot Społecznościowy", "channel": "Politechnika Wrocławska" } }, { "id": "inria-poppy-humanoid-2012", "name": "Poppy Humanoid", "maker": "Inria Flowers Laboratory (now Poppy Station)", "makerId": "inria-flowers-laboratory", "country": "France", "year": 2012, "date": "2012", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "education" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 8000, "priceNote": "Open-source design; full build parts cost about USD 8,000-9,000, about 60% of it actuators", "hands": "none", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "An open-source, 3D-printed humanoid for research and teaching, started in 2012 in Pierre-Yves Oudeyer's Flowers lab at Inria Bordeaux. It is built from 25 Dynamixel servo motors and printed parts, and the project is now run by the non-profit Poppy Station.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-f6a6688e7d" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2012", "event": "Project start at Inria (earliest date given by the project; exact public reveal not found)", "url": "https://github.com/poppy-project/poppy-humanoid" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "open-source design files" }, "components": { "actuators": "25 Robotis Dynamixel smart servos; actuators make up about 60% of the parts cost.", "compute": "Runs on a Raspberry Pi 3 or 4 with a ready-to-flash image; motors can also be driven from a PC via USB2Dynamixel or USB2AX adapters.", "materials": "3D-printed structure; STL and SolidWorks files published. Hardware under CC BY-SA 4.0.", "software": "Python package installable with pip (poppy-humanoid); software under GPL v3.", "other": "Started in 2012 in the Flowers lab at Inria Bordeaux Sud-Ouest as Matthieu Lapeyre's PhD work under Pierre-Yves Oudeyer, with Pierre Rouanet (software) and Jonathan Grizou (electronics); initially funded by an ERC grant to study embodiment in learning. Assembly takes about 7 hours. The Poppy name is a registered trademark.", "sources": [ "hs-f6a6688e7d" ] }, "production": { "built": "Open-source kit; number of builds not reported", "sold": "Open-source design; parts cost about USD 8,000-9,000", "where": "France (Inria Bordeaux; now hosted by the Poppy Station non-profit)", "customers": "Research and education labs" }, "video": { "id": "auRRxwHLyGo", "title": "Poppy Overview", "channel": "Inria Flowers" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/inria-poppy-humanoid-2012-1.jpg", "author": "Inria / Poppy-project.org / Photo H. Raguet.", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open-Source_3D_printed_Poppy_humanoid_robot.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 665, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "uc3m-teo-2012", "name": "TEO", "maker": "Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (RoboticsLab)", "makerId": "universidad-carlos-iii-de-madrid", "country": "Spain", "year": 2012, "date": "2012", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "care" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 165, "weightKg": 65, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A full-size biped assistance humanoid from Madrid's RoboticsLab, an improved successor to its Rh-1 robot, designed for energy efficiency and described in a 2012 paper with a fuel-cell power system. A university thesis gives 1.65 m and 65 kg.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-e4a1121a19", "hs-1e7d62890c", "hs-fa5f18b107" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2012", "event": "Journal paper describing TEO's design (2012)", "url": "https://roboticslab.uc3m.es/robot/uc3m-humanoid/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/uc3m-teo-2012.jpg", "author": "Universidad Carlos III de Madrid", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://roboticslab.uc3m.es/robot/teo/", "page": "https://roboticslab.uc3m.es/robot/teo/", "kind": "maker", "w": 740, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "dlr-agile-justin-2012", "name": "Agile Justin", "maker": "German Aerospace Center (DLR)", "makerId": "german-aerospace-center", "country": "Germany", "year": 2012, "date": "2012-01", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "home", "space" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 191, "weightKg": 195, "dof": 53, "speedKmh": 7.2, "payloadKg": 15, "batteryHours": 1, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "In 2023 DLR showed it turning never-seen objects in its four-fingered hand by touch alone, using skills learned through deep reinforcement learning.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A second, faster sibling of DLR's Rollin' Justin, built with about 1.5x quicker arms and faster control loops; it was first seen catching balls with Rollin' Justin in early 2012. DLR lists 1.91 m height, a 45 kg upper body on a 150 kg wheeled platform, 53 degrees of freedom, whole-body tactile skin, more than 60 minutes of battery and 2 m/s top speed.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-ff3bc90d8f", "hs-976b83b089", "hs-8d827ebbd4" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2012-01", "event": "DLR sneak-peek video of Agile Justin playing catch with Rollin' Justin; demos planned for Automatica 2012", "url": "https://hizook.com/agile-justin-dlrs-rollin-justin-gets-younger-more-agile-brother-pair-combines-some-p/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/dlr-agile-justin-2012.jpg", "author": "German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.dlr.de/en/rm/research/robotic-systems/humanoids/agile-justin", "page": "https://www.dlr.de/en/rm/research/robotic-systems/humanoids/agile-justin", "kind": "maker", "w": 667, "h": 1000 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/german-aerospace-center.png", "author": "German Aerospace Center", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:German_Aerospace_Center_(DLR)_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:German_Aerospace_Center_(DLR)_logo.svg", "article": "File:German Aerospace Center (DLR) logo.svg" } }, { "id": "inmoov-2012", "name": "InMoov", "maker": "InMoov (Gael Langevin)", "makerId": "inmoov", "country": "France", "year": 2012, "date": "2012-01", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "education" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 1500, "priceNote": "DIY 3D-printed robot; design files available free (Boma France, undated).", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Described by its creator as the first open-source, 3D-printed life-size humanoid robot.", "deployments": "Built by makers, schools and labs worldwide and used as a base for prosthetic-hand work.", "summary": "A life-size upper-body humanoid that anyone can 3D print on a small home printer and drive with Arduino boards and MyRobotLab software. French sculptor Gael Langevin began it with a printable hand and published the files in 2012; it can see, listen, speak and move.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-06409461ed", "hs-414acbda1b" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2012-01", "event": "First 3D-printable prosthetic-hand files made freely available online", "url": "https://www.boma-france.com/fellows/gael-langevin" }, "released": { "date": "2012", "note": "open-source files, free to download" }, "components": { "actuators": "Hobby servos driven by Arduino boards.", "hands": "Tendon-driven 3D-printed hands; newer 'Hand i2' version announced.", "sensors": "Kinect for 3D sensing; PIR, ultrasonic, touch and finger sensors; Leap Motion support in build guides.", "compute": "Arduino microcontrollers plus a PC running MyRobotLab.", "materials": "3D-printed plastic parts sized for a 12 x 12 x 12 cm home printer bed; i2 head adds silicone skin and facial expressions. Files under CC BY-NC.", "software": "MyRobotLab, an open-source Java framework with Python bindings and a web UI, including a virtual InMoov.", "other": "Created by French sculptor and designer Gaël Langevin; first prosthetic-hand files published free in January 2012. Received a Maker Faire Rome award in 2013 (Boma France, undated).", "sources": [ "hs-06409461ed", "hs-414acbda1b" ] }, "production": { "built": "Built by hobbyists, schools and labs worldwide from open files; count not reported", "sold": "not sold as a product (open-source plans)", "where": "France (design); built worldwide" }, "video": { "id": "H4Z09edx52E", "title": "InMoov Amazing First 3D printed robot Open Source", "channel": "gael langevin (InMoov creator, @hairygael)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/inmoov-2012-1.jpg", "author": "Enric", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:217_MNACTEC_(Terrassa),_exposici%C3%B3_temporal_Robots,_humanoide_InMoov_(2012).jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 750, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "aldebaran-romeo-2012", "name": "Romeo", "maker": "Aldebaran Robotics (Project Romeo consortium)", "makerId": "aldebaran", "country": "France", "year": 2012, "date": "2012-02", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "care" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 140, "weightKg": 40, "dof": 37, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Bought by at least four European research laboratories by 2014.", "summary": "An adult-sized research biped (about 1.4 m) from a French public-private project to build a robot companion for elderly and disabled people; it never went beyond a research prototype. First video shown in 2012, just before this slice.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-64bc226e69", "hs-e94233f0a4" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2012-02", "event": "First video released by Project Romeo", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/aldebaran-robotics-introduces-romeo-finally" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "supplied to a few research labs; never sold commercially" }, "components": { "sensors": "Two cameras set in the eyebrows for depth (distance) estimation.", "compute": "Four on-board computers handling vision, hearing, movement and AI.", "software": "Research software for learning user habits and household tasks; target use was helping elderly and disabled people.", "other": "About 1.4 m tall and 36 kg. Built by Aldebaran with more than a dozen French academic and industrial partners including INRIA, ISIR and LAAS-CNRS (Project Romeo, launched 2009). IEEE Spectrum reported a rumoured price of about US$335,000.", "sources": [ "hs-64bc226e69", "hs-e94233f0a4" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Never sold commercially; units went to research labs", "where": "Europe", "customers": "Four European labs had acquired units by late 2014 (Generation Robots)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2014", "title": "Romeo shown at Innorobo 2014", "summary": "Aldebaran presented Romeo publicly at the Innorobo show.", "publisher": "Generation Robots", "url": "https://www.generationrobots.com/blog/en/romeo-naos-big-brother-robot/" }, { "date": "2012-02-24", "title": "Aldebaran finally shows Romeo", "summary": "Aldebaran released the first look at its 1.4 m adult-size humanoid after a delayed unveiling.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/aldebaran-robotics-introduces-romeo-finally" } ], "video": { "id": "9SpekYGi-9w", "title": "ROMEO PROJECT PRESENTATION (Romeo robot)", "channel": "NAO by Maxtronics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/aldebaran-romeo-2012-1.jpg", "author": "This picture belongs to Xavier Caré.\nPlease credit : Xavier Caré / Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-SA.\nIf you would like speci", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aldebaran_Rom%C3%A9o_Innorobo_2014_Lyon.JPG", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 818, "h": 1000 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/aldebaran.png", "author": "Lusheeta", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Softbank_mobile_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Softbank_mobile_logo.svg", "article": "File:Softbank mobile logo.svg" } }, { "id": "rethink-robotics-baxter-2012", "name": "Baxter", "maker": "Rethink Robotics", "makerId": "rethink", "country": "United States", "year": 2012, "date": "2012-09-18", "status": "discontinued", "purpose": [ "industrial", "research" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 2.3, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 22000, "priceNote": "$22,000 at launch (2012), including one-year warranty and software subscription", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "One of the first low-cost, safe-around-people two-armed collaborative robots with a face, widely used in university labs.", "deployments": "Sold to factories and many research labs from 2012 until Rethink Robotics closed in October 2018.", "summary": "A two-armed collaborative factory robot on a pedestal, with two 7-DoF arms, a torso and an LCD-screen face that showed expressive eyes, designed to be taught tasks by moving its arms rather than programming. Founded by iRobot co-founder Rodney Brooks, Rethink sold it at a strikingly low $22,000 but shut down in 2018.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-16894eacec", "hs-1ff678f856", "hs-01951b5f3b", "hs-0547e30b26" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2012-09-18", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/rethink-robotics-baxter-2012-1.jpg", "author": "This picture belongs to Xavier Caré.\nPlease credit : Xavier Caré / Wikimedia Commons / CC-BY-SA.\nIf you would like speci", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Innorobo_2015_-_Rethink_Robotics_-_Baxter_Intera_3_%26_NAO.JPG", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 811, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "toyota-hsr-2012", "name": "Human Support Robot (HSR)", "maker": "Toyota Motor Corporation", "makerId": "toyota", "country": "Japan", "year": 2012, "date": "2012-09-21", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "care", "home", "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 100, "weightKg": 37, "dof": 11, "speedKmh": 0.8, "payloadKg": 1.2, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Became a standard platform for RoboCup@Home and a shared research tool for home-assistance robots.", "deployments": "Standard robot for the RoboCup@Home league and World Robot Summit; used at university labs in Japan and the US and at the Tokyo 2020 Games.", "summary": "A compact wheeled helper for people with limited mobility, with one folding arm and a head camera; its body rises to 135 cm. Included because the brief counts it, but it has a single arm and is not a full humanoid.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-ba5f28d759", "hs-dc0e86aa2f", "hs-5f167db768", "hs-7882c25d3c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2012-09-21", "event": "Toyota announcement, then the International Home Care and Rehabilitation Exhibition 2012, Tokyo (26-28 Sep)", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/detail/125275" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not sold; lent to partner organisations through a developer community from September 2015" }, "components": { "actuators": "11 motors giving 11 degrees of freedom: neck 2, arm 4, gripper 1, torso lift 1, wheeled base 3.", "hands": "A single claw-like gripper on a folding arm, with a force sensor and wide-angle camera in the hand; it can also suck up thin objects. Holds items up to 1.2 kg and 130 mm wide (Toyota).", "sensors": "Base: lidar, 6-axis IMU and a magnetic-tape boundary sensor. Head: Asus Xtion PRO Live depth camera, stereo camera, wide-angle camera and microphone array. Hand: force sensor and wide-angle camera.", "compute": "Intel CPU plus NVIDIA GPU on board.", "battery": "Lithium-ion; capacity not published.", "materials": "Steel, aluminium and 3D-printed parts.", "software": "Ubuntu Linux and ROS with Toyota's own navigation, manipulation and perception stack; controlled by voice or tablet, and family members can operate it remotely with their face and voice relayed.", "other": "Telescoping cylindrical body (2012 prototype 830-1,330 mm tall, 32 kg, 3 km/h); the 2015 version is about 37 kg with a 0.8 km/h top speed. Moving parts are designed not to produce large forces.", "sources": [ "hs-ba5f28d759", "hs-dc0e86aa2f" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not sold; Toyota lends HSRs to partner organisations (Toyota UK, 2015).", "where": "Japan, United States and other research labs", "customers": "Japan Service Dog Association and Foundation for Yokohama Rehabilitation Service (in-home trials, 2011); HSR developer community from Sept 2015 (target about 10 groups by April 2016); standard platform for RoboCup@Home and World Robot Summit teams" }, "news": [ { "date": "2015-09", "title": "HSR developer community launches", "summary": "Toyota began lending HSRs to universities, labs and companies in a developer community, after a Tokyo hackathon in late August 2015.", "publisher": "Toyota UK Media", "url": "https://media.toyota.co.uk/toyota-accelerates-home-helper-robot-programme-with-new-developer-community-and-working-prototype/" }, { "date": "2012-09-26", "title": "HSR shown at Tokyo home-care expo", "summary": "The prototype was exhibited at the International Home Care and Rehabilitation Exhibition 2012 in Tokyo.", "publisher": "Toyota Motor Corporation", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/detail/125275" }, { "date": "2012-09-21", "title": "Toyota announces Human Support Robot", "summary": "Toyota revealed a home-help robot that fetches objects for people with limited mobility.", "publisher": "Toyota Motor Corporation", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/detail/125275" } ], "video": { "id": "9b5T4yJvVfs", "title": "Human Support Robot (HSR) Technical Overview", "channel": "Toyota Motor Corporation" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/toyota-hsr-2012.jpg", "author": "Toyota Research Institute", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://global.toyota/en/detail/8709541", "page": "https://global.toyota/en/detail/8709541", "kind": "maker", "w": 640, "h": 968 } }, { "id": "uni-bonn-nimbro-op-2012", "name": "NimbRo-OP", "maker": "University of Bonn (Autonomous Intelligent Systems group)", "makerId": "university-of-bonn", "country": "Germany", "year": 2012, "date": "2012-10", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "education" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 95, "weightKg": 6.6, "dof": 20, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "none", "firsts": "Presented as the first low-cost open hardware platform for the RoboCup TeenSize humanoid class.", "deployments": "Its software and soccer skills were part of team NimbRo's winning entry in the RoboCup 2013 Humanoid League.", "summary": "A 95 cm, 6.6 kg open-source soccer humanoid inspired by DARwIn-OP, with 20 Dynamixel-driven joints, a fisheye camera head and an onboard PC running ROS. Work began in early 2012 and the first version was demonstrated at IROS and Humanoids 2012; NimbRo-OP2 and OP2X followed.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-057b439533", "hs-ae84abffeb", "hs-ce874bbb27" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2012-10", "event": "Demonstrated at IROS 2012 and Humanoids 2012", "url": "https://ar5iv.labs.arxiv.org/html/1809.11024" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/uni-bonn-nimbro-op-2012.jpg", "author": "University of Bonn, Autonomous Intelligent Systems group (Team NimbRo)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.ais.uni-bonn.de/nimbro/OP/", "page": "https://www.ais.uni-bonn.de/nimbro/OP/", "kind": "maker", "w": 662, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "samsung-roboray-2012", "name": "Roboray", "maker": "Samsung Electronics (robotics division) with KIST", "makerId": "samsung-electronics", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2012, "date": "2012-10", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 150, "weightKg": 62, "dof": 32, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Samsung's research biped with torque-controlled, partly tendon-driven legs that walked with straight knees for a more natural, efficient gait, recovered from pushes and later built real-time 3D maps with Bristol University vision software. It succeeded the bent-knee Mahru 3 (2007). DoF excludes fingers.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-d4df673137", "hs-f7efb304c9" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2012-10", "event": "IROS 2012, Vilamoura, Portugal", "url": "https://newatlas.com/samsung-humanoid-robot-roboray/24551/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Torque-controlled joints: harmonic-drive actuators plus compliant tendon-driven actuators in the hips, knees and ankles with adjustable stiffness to absorb impacts. 32 joints excluding fingers (New Atlas); Bristol counted 53 actuators, including 6 per leg and 12 per hand.", "hands": "12 actuators per hand (University of Bristol, 2013).", "sensors": "Stereo camera in the head (University of Bristol).", "software": "Balancing and walking control for straight-knee dynamic walking (IROS 2012 paper by SAIT); real-time 3D visual SLAM mapping from the University of Bristol; face and speech recognition under development in 2012.", "other": "Walks by falling forward into each step, which the team says uses less energy and looks more human than bent-knee gaits like Mahru-3's.", "sources": [ "hs-d4df673137", "hs-f7efb304c9" ] }, "production": { "sold": "not sold (research project)", "where": "Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT) with KIST, South Korea" }, "news": [ { "date": "2013-07", "title": "Roboray learns to map rooms in 3D", "summary": "Bristol researchers gave Samsung's biped vision software to build live 3D maps and remember where it has been.", "publisher": "University of Bristol", "url": "https://bristol.ac.uk/news/2013/9536.html" }, { "date": "2012-10", "title": "Samsung shows straight-legged Roboray at IROS", "summary": "Samsung presented its torque-controlled, partly tendon-driven biped at IROS 2012 in Portugal.", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/samsung-humanoid-robot-roboray/24551/" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/samsung-roboray-2012.jpg", "author": "Samsung Electronics (robotics division) with KIST", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.bristol.ac.uk/media-library/sites/research/images/9536-1.jpg", "page": "https://www.bristol.ac.uk/media-library/sites/research/images/9536-1.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 185, "h": 150 } }, { "id": "utokyo-jsk-kenshiro-2012", "name": "Kenshiro", "maker": "University of Tokyo JSK Lab (Masayuki Inaba, Kei Okada)", "makerId": "university-of-tokyo-jsk-lab", "country": "Japan", "year": 2012, "date": "2012-11", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 158, "weightKg": 50, "dof": 64, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Its builders said its 160 pulley-driven muscles were the most of any bio-inspired humanoid at the time.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A musculoskeletal humanoid the size of a 12-year-old boy, with aluminium bones, ribs, a multi-joint spine and a kneecap, moved by 160 artificial muscles (50 in the legs, 76 in the torso). It succeeded Kojiro and was shown at Humanoids 2012 in Osaka; it could do deep knee bends but barely walk.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-5151de7ac0", "hs-b9a47fe190", "hs-69f01c6c7c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2012-11", "event": "IEEE-RAS Humanoids 2012, Osaka", "url": "https://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2012-12/watch-robot-stretch-its-metal-bones-and-muscles" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/utokyo-jsk-kenshiro-2012.jpg", "author": "JSK Laboratory, University of Tokyo", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.jsk.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/research.html", "page": "https://www.jsk.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/research.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 415, "h": 745 } }, { "id": "pal-robotics-reem-c-2013", "name": "REEM-C", "maker": "PAL Robotics", "makerId": "pal", "country": "Spain", "year": 2013, "date": "2013", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 165, "weightKg": 80, "dof": 44, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "About EUR 300,000; no USD list price published", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "PAL Robotics' first commercial biped, sold as a research platform for universities.", "deployments": "Bought by research labs including the University of Waterloo (2019).", "summary": "An adult-sized ROS-based bipedal humanoid, 1.65 m and 80 kg, offered off the shelf to labs; the DoF value counts arms and hands as listed by ROS documentation.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-3a9cdbc96a", "hs-378c460ad2", "hs-162b39686b" ], "canada": "The University of Waterloo bought a REEM-C in 2019.", "firstShown": { "date": "2013", "event": "PAL Robotics launch", "url": null }, "released": { "date": "2013", "note": "sold to research labs" }, "components": { "actuators": "22 brushless and 14 brushed DC motors.", "hands": null, "sensors": "Force/torque sensors and range finders on each foot, stereo camera and 4 microphones (ROS).", "compute": "Two Intel Core i7-2710QE computers at 2.10 GHz, each with 4 GB RAM and a 60 GB SSD (PAL Robotics, 2013).", "battery": "48 V, 1,225 Wh lithium-ion; about 3 hours walking and 6 hours on standby (euRobotics).", "software": "Ubuntu Linux with ROS, ros_control (200 Hz real-time loop), OROCOS, Gazebo simulation with URDF model and MoveIt!; PAL supplied walking, grasping, navigation and human-robot interaction software.", "other": "Lifts and carries up to 10 kg (euRobotics).", "sources": [ "hs-378c460ad2", "hs-3a9cdbc96a", "hs-ac3483767d" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sold to research labs; unit count not published" }, "news": [ { "date": "2014-05-25", "title": "PAL promotes REEM-C as an off-the-shelf research biped", "summary": "euRobotics carried PAL's launch notice highlighting full ROS integration and a 10 kg payload.", "publisher": "euRobotics", "url": "https://eu-robotics.net/pal-robotics-launches-humanoid-biped-robot-reem-c/" } ], "buyNone": "Listed by PAL Robotics under 'Legacy Robots' ('Hall of Fame')", "video": { "id": "4HZIDpNSKyc", "title": "Introducing REEM-C", "channel": "PAL Robotics (@PALRobotics)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/pal-robotics-reem-c-2013.jpg", "author": "PAL Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://pal-robotics.com/robot/reem-c/", "page": "https://pal-robotics.com/robot/reem-c/", "kind": "maker", "w": 897, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "ucsd-diego-san-2013", "name": "Diego-san", "maker": "UC San Diego Machine Perception Lab with Kokoro and Hanson Robotics", "makerId": "uc-san-diego-machine-perception-lab", "country": "United States", "year": 2013, "date": "2013-01", "status": "discontinued", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": 130, "weightKg": 30, "dof": 62, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A child-sized android modelled on a one-year-old, with a highly expressive Hanson face and a pneumatic Kokoro body, built to study how infants develop motor and social skills. Development began in 2010.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-a1091c912f", "hs-8815f76d09" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2013-01", "event": "First public video of the robot's face released", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/robot-baby-diego-san" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "44 pneumatic body actuators in agonist-antagonist pairs with adjustable joint stiffness, plus electric RC servos in the face.", "hands": "3 pneumatic DoF per hand.", "sensors": "Two Point Grey Dragonfly2 cameras in the eyes, two microphones, two IMUs, 38 potentiometers and 88 pressure sensors.", "compute": "12-core 2.8 GHz Intel Xeon computer with a National Instruments data-acquisition system linking sensors and valves.", "battery": "Tethered: compressed air from an external compressor drives the pneumatics.", "materials": "Aluminium structure, acrylic shell and rubber face. Body by Kokoro (Japan), head by Hanson Robotics (US).", "software": "Ubuntu Linux with ROS; OpenCV for vision; control code in Python, MATLAB and C++. The team aimed for the robot to learn to control its own body.", "other": "Modelled on a one-year-old to study infant motor and social development; face shows emotions such as happiness, anger and surprise. Led by Javier Movellan.", "sources": [ "hs-a1091c912f" ] }, "production": { "sold": "not sold (research robot)", "where": "Body by Kokoro (Japan), head by Hanson Robotics (US), integrated at UCSD Machine Perception Lab" }, "news": [ { "date": "2013-01", "title": "Robot baby Diego-san shows its face on video", "summary": "UCSD released the first video of the child android's expressive Hanson-built face.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/robot-baby-diego-san" } ], "video": { "id": "knRyDcnUc4U", "title": "Diego Installed", "channel": "david hanson (@dayofid)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/ucsd-diego-san-2013.jpg", "author": "UC San Diego Machine Perception Lab with Kokoro and Hanson Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://diego.ucsd.edu/", "page": "https://diego.ucsd.edu/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 406 } }, { "id": "university-of-zurich-roboy-2013", "name": "Roboy", "maker": "University of Zurich AI Lab", "makerId": "university-of-zurich-ai-lab", "country": "Switzerland", "year": 2013, "date": "2013-03-08", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": 130, "weightKg": null, "dof": 28, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Not sold.", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A child-sized, largely 3D-printed humanoid with artificial muscles and tendons and open hardware and software, built as a research platform for human-like muscle actuation; it can understand speech and detect faces.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-e6a8dd48d6", "hs-2d3b75b5a6", "hs-c08ea5c5cf", "hs-994bcb4c21" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2013-03-08", "event": "Introduced at Robots on Tour, Zurich, according to Baumer's 2013 case study", "url": "https://www.automation.com/article/baumer-sensors-monitor-movement-of-roboy" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold; open-source hardware and software" }, "components": { "actuators": "48 Maxon brushless DC motors with EPOS 2 controllers pulling artificial tendons, with series elastic springs for compliance; 28 DoF (head 3, spine/chest 3, arms 6 each, hands 1 each, legs 4 each).", "hands": "Capacitive sensors in Roboy's palms detect an approaching human hand and trigger a handshake (Baumer, 2013).", "sensors": "Two cameras (stereo) and a microphone in the head; force/tension sensors in most motors; relative encoders and a custom absolute position sensor.", "compute": "Intel-based main computer, either an on-board mini PC or an external PC, plus 48 ARM-based motor controller boards.", "battery": "Runs from a standard power supply or batteries; no battery specs published.", "materials": "Most of the skeleton 3D-printed in SLS polyamide; a soft skin was planned.", "software": "Ubuntu, Festival speech synthesis, OpenCV, MPlayer and custom C++; hardware and software released as open source. Understands speech and detects faces.", "other": "Built in about nine months with crowdfunding; backers' names were engraved on the robot. Later work involved the EU Myorobotics project, the Human Brain Project and TU Munich.", "sources": [ "hs-c08ea5c5cf", "hs-994bcb4c21", "hs-94004edfb3" ] }, "production": { "sold": "not sold; total project cost about $500,000, about $120,000 estimated to reproduce", "where": "AI Lab, University of Zurich, Switzerland (later developed in Garching near Munich)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2020-10", "title": "Roboy 3.0 unveiled", "summary": "The project unveiled a third-generation Roboy on 28 October 2020 before moving toward commercial 'Robody' robots.", "publisher": "Roboy project", "url": "https://www.roboy.org/" }, { "date": "2013-05-06", "title": "Baumer Sensors Monitor Movement of \"Roboy\"", "summary": "Baumer's case study dates Roboy's introduction at Robots on Tour in Zurich to March 8, 2013 and describes its tendon drive and handshake sensors.", "publisher": "Automation.com (Baumer Ltd. case study)", "url": "https://www.automation.com/article/baumer-sensors-monitor-movement-of-roboy" }, { "date": "2012-12", "title": "Zurich AI Lab races to finish Roboy", "summary": "Phys.org reported the crowdfunded, tendon-driven robot was being assembled for a March 2013 unveiling.", "publisher": "Phys.org", "url": "https://phys.org/news/2012-12-zurich-ai-team-delivery-humanoid.html" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/university-of-zurich-roboy-2013.jpg", "author": "Adrian Baer", "license": "CC BY-SA 3.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roboy_270213_4.jpg", "article": "Roboy", "w": 500, "h": 751 } }, { "id": "dlr-toro-2013", "name": "TORO", "maker": "German Aerospace Center (DLR)", "makerId": "german-aerospace-center", "country": "Germany", "year": 2013, "date": "2013-03-25", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 174, "weightKg": 76, "dof": 39, "speedKmh": 1.8, "payloadKg": 10, "batteryHours": 1, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "One of the first humanoids with torque sensing in nearly every joint, letting it behave compliantly for safer contact.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A torque-controlled research humanoid built by extending DLR's 2009 walking biped with a new upper body, arms and hands; DLR lists 1.74 m, 76 kg, 39 degrees of freedom and over an hour of battery life.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-7997b22179", "hs-594d05c7a2" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2013-03-25", "event": "DLR unveils TORO with completed arms and hands", "url": "https://newatlas.com/dlr-humanoid-robot-toro/28118/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "25 motor drive units based on DLR light-weight-robot technology in the arms, legs and hip, plus two Dynamixel servos in the neck; torque sensing and active torque control in almost all joints (DLR).", "hands": "Simplified hands with 6 DoF each (DLR, New Atlas).", "sensors": "Position and torque sensors in each joint, 6-axis force/torque sensor in each ankle, IMUs in torso and head, and in the head an ASUS Xtion Pro, two Point Grey Firefly mono cameras and an Intel RealSense SR300; DLR lists two stereo cameras and one RGB-D camera.", "compute": "Two Intel Core i7 computers in the torso and one Core i3 in the head.", "battery": "Two 48 V, 6.6 Ah lithium-ion-manganese-oxide packs, about 1 hour; DLR lists more than 60 minutes.", "materials": "Mostly custom parts milled from aluminium.", "software": "Real-time Linux, DLR's Links and Nodes middleware and Robotkernel hardware abstraction; impedance-based and inverse-dynamics whole-body control, walking and multi-contact balancing (DLR).", "other": "Legs carried over from the 2009 DLR-Biped (New Atlas); 10 kg nominal payload and 0.5 m/s speed (DLR).", "sources": [ "hs-7997b22179", "hs-594d05c7a2" ] }, "production": { "built": "Research unit; count not published", "where": "Germany" }, "news": [ { "date": "2014", "title": "Shown at the ILA Berlin air show", "summary": "DLR lists a 2014 ILA appearance and a HUMANOIDS 2014 overview paper.", "publisher": "German Aerospace Center (DLR)", "url": "https://www.dlr.de/en/rm/research/robotic-systems/humanoids/toro" }, { "date": "2013-03-25", "title": "TORO unveiled with new arms and hands", "summary": "DLR completed TORO by adding an upper body to its walking biped.", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/dlr-humanoid-robot-toro/28118/" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/dlr-toro-2013.jpg", "author": "German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.dlr.de/en/rm/research/robotic-systems/humanoids/toro", "page": "https://www.dlr.de/en/rm/research/robotic-systems/humanoids/toro", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 667 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/german-aerospace-center.png", "author": "German Aerospace Center", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:German_Aerospace_Center_(DLR)_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:German_Aerospace_Center_(DLR)_logo.svg", "article": "File:German Aerospace Center (DLR) logo.svg" } }, { "id": "toyota-kirobo-2013", "name": "Kirobo", "maker": "Toyota, Dentsu, University of Tokyo RCAST and Robo Garage", "makerId": "toyota", "country": "Japan", "year": 2013, "date": "2013-06-26", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "space", "social" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": 34, "weightKg": 1, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "none", "firsts": "First robot to speak in space (August 2013) and holder of a Guinness record for the highest-altitude robot conversation; kept despite its 34 cm size because of that history.", "deployments": "Spent 558 days on the International Space Station, 2013-2015.", "summary": "A 34 cm, 1 kg humanoid companion robot that flew to the ISS on Kounotori 4 and talked with astronaut Koichi Wakata to study robot companionship for isolated people.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-4f734adef3", "hs-ace239377c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2013-06-26", "event": "Kirobo and its ground twin Mirata unveiled in Tokyo (project announced 29 Nov 2012)", "url": "https://media.toyota.co.uk/record-breaker-kirobo-returns-from-space/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold (a consumer Kirobo Mini followed in 2016)" }, "components": { "sensors": "Facial-recognition camera and a recording camera (Toyota).", "materials": "Small robot about 34 cm tall and about 1 kg; designed by Tomotaka Takahashi, with hardware and motion generation by the University of Tokyo and Robo Garage.", "software": "Voice recognition (Toyota), natural-language processing and speech synthesis (VoiceText from Hoya Service); conversation content by Dentsu. Speaks Japanese.", "other": "Gestures while talking and has telecommunications for contact with the ground. Built with Dentsu, University of Tokyo RCAST, Robo Garage and Toyota, with help from JAXA.", "sources": [ "hs-4f734adef3", "hs-ace239377c", "hs-ff49cf1c12" ] }, "production": { "built": "Two: Kirobo for the ISS and a ground twin, Mirata (Toyota).", "sold": "Not sold.", "where": "International Space Station; Japan", "customers": "JAXA (flown to the ISS 2013-2015)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2015-03", "title": "Kirobo earns two Guinness World Records", "summary": "Recognised as the first companion robot in space and for the highest-altitude robot conversation.", "publisher": "Toyota UK Media", "url": "https://media.toyota.co.uk/record-breaker-kirobo-returns-from-space/" }, { "date": "2015-02-11", "title": "Kirobo returns to Earth", "summary": "After about 18 months on the ISS, Kirobo splashed down in the Pacific and was back in Japan in March.", "publisher": "Toyota UK Media", "url": "https://media.toyota.co.uk/record-breaker-kirobo-returns-from-space/" }, { "date": "2013-12-06", "title": "First robot-human chat in space", "summary": "Kirobo talked with Japanese astronaut Koichi Wakata on the ISS.", "publisher": "Toyota UK Media", "url": "https://media.toyota.co.uk/record-breaker-kirobo-returns-from-space/" }, { "date": "2013-08-21", "title": "First robot to speak in space", "summary": "Kirobo spoke its first words aboard the ISS.", "publisher": "Toyota Canada", "url": "https://media.toyota.ca/en/releases/2013/robot-astronaut-speaks-first-words-in-outer-space.html" }, { "date": "2013-08-04", "title": "Kirobo launched to the ISS", "summary": "Kirobo flew from Tanegashima on the Kounotori 4 cargo vehicle, arriving about six days later.", "publisher": "Toyota Canada", "url": "https://media.toyota.ca/en/releases/2013/robot-astronaut-speaks-first-words-in-outer-space.html" } ], "video": { "id": "JYJ_Azs3Wx4", "title": "Robot Astronaut Kirobo Takes Part in Conversation Experiment", "channel": "Toyota Motor Corporation" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/toyota-kirobo-2013.jpg", "author": "Toyota Research Institute", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150213043731/http://kibo-robo.jp/en", "page": "https://web.archive.org/web/20150213043731/http://kibo-robo.jp/en", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 667 } }, { "id": "bit-bhr-5-2013", "name": "BHR-5", "maker": "Beijing Institute of Technology", "makerId": "beijing-institute-of-technology", "country": "China", "year": 2013, "date": "2013-07", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "BIT says two BHR-5 robots rallied a table-tennis ball more than 200 times, a showcase of fast visual tracking and dynamic balance.", "deployments": null, "summary": "The fifth of BIT's 'BHR' humanoid series, built as a testbed for fast reactive motion such as table tennis; later BHR-6 prototypes were used for fall-protection research.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-f25c2cf212", "hs-c45bcd93bd", "hs-d9ffb465eb" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2013-07", "event": "Table-tennis demonstration at a Beijing high-tech expo", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "compute": "Open control architecture built on a CAN bus with concurrent multichannel communication for real-time control and expandability.", "materials": "Mechanical design focused on structural stiffness and reliability for fast responsive motion.", "software": "Walking and table-tennis control; built to study fast reactions to unforeseen events.", "other": "Successor BHR6P was used for fall-damage research pairing fall-motion planning with cushioning material at impact points.", "sources": [ "hs-f25c2cf212", "hs-d9ffb465eb" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Never sold", "where": "China" }, "news": [ { "date": "2014", "title": "BHR-5 design paper published", "summary": "BIT researchers described BHR-5's mechanics and CAN-bus control in Advances in Mechanical Engineering.", "publisher": "Beijing Institute of Technology research portal", "url": "https://pure.bit.edu.cn/en/publications/design-and-development-of-the-humanoid-robot-bhr-5" } ] }, { "id": "boston-dynamics-atlas-2013", "name": "Atlas (DRC hydraulic Atlas)", "maker": "Boston Dynamics (for DARPA)", "makerId": "boston-dynamics", "country": "United States", "year": 2013, "date": "2013-07-11", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "military" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 188, "weightKg": 150, "dof": 28, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 2000000, "priceNote": "about US$2 million per robot; supplied through DARPA, not a retail price", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "The government-furnished robot for the DARPA Robotics Challenge; seven software teams received identical Atlas units, making it the shared platform of the competition.", "deployments": "Delivered to DRC Track B/C teams in 2013; IHMC's Atlas ('Running Man') took second at the 2015 finals.", "summary": "A 6 ft 2 in (about 188 cm), 330 lb hydraulic humanoid with 28 hydraulically driven joints, originally tethered for power, built so teams could compete on software for disaster-response tasks. Later upgraded with a battery backpack for the 2015 finals.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-9dfb54ddcb", "hs-e37c88ac3c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2013-07-11", "event": "DARPA unveiling at Boston Dynamics, Waltham, ahead of the DRC", "url": "https://www.darpa.mil/news/2013/atlas-robot-unveiled" }, "released": { "date": "2013-07", "note": "delivered to DARPA-funded DRC teams; not sold commercially" }, "components": { "actuators": "28 hydraulically actuated joints with closed-loop position and force control, fed by an on-board hydraulic pump with thermal management.", "hands": "Two hand sets supplied: one from iRobot and one from Sandia National Laboratories.", "sensors": "Carnegie Robotics sensor head with LiDAR and stereo cameras.", "compute": "On-board real-time control computer linked by 10 Gbps fibre-optic Ethernet; C++ and ROS APIs; higher-level guidance from software and a human operator.", "battery": "No battery: 480 V three-phase power through a tether.", "materials": "Aircraft-grade aluminium and titanium.", "sources": [ "hs-9dfb54ddcb", "hs-0f1447157b" ] }, "production": { "built": "Units supplied to the seven DARPA Virtual Robotics Challenge Track B/C teams (DARPA, 2013).", "sold": "Not sold commercially; about US$2 million each.", "where": "United States, plus DRC teams abroad", "customers": "DRC teams including IHMC, which placed second at the 2015 Finals" }, "news": [ { "date": "2015-06", "title": "IHMC's Running Man captures 2nd at DARPA robotics competition", "summary": "IHMC's Boston Dynamics Atlas robot, Running Man, finished second at the June 2015 DARPA Robotics Challenge Finals in Pomona.", "publisher": "Florida Institute for Human & Machine Cognition", "url": "https://www.ihmc.us/ihmcs-running-man-captures-2nd-at-darpa-robotics-competition/" }, { "date": "2013-10-08", "title": "Atlas balancing demonstration", "summary": "Atlas maintained one-legged balance while struck from the side.", "publisher": "BBC News Mundo", "url": "https://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2013/10/131008_tecnologia_robots_atlas_il" }, { "date": "2013-07-11", "title": "DARPA unveils Atlas", "summary": "DARPA introduced the hydraulic humanoid built by Boston Dynamics for DRC teams.", "publisher": "DARPA", "url": "https://www.darpa.mil/news/2013/atlas-robot-unveiled" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/boston-dynamics-atlas-2013.jpg", "author": "DARPA", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atlas_during_testing.jpg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Atlas_during_testing.jpg", "article": "Atlas (robot)", "w": 426, "h": 640 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/boston-dynamics.png", "author": "Cleanoxygenforeveryone", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BostonDynamics_Logo.svg", "article": "File:BostonDynamics Logo.svg" } }, { "id": "cmu-chimp-2013", "name": "CHIMP", "maker": "Carnegie Mellon University NREC (Tartan Rescue)", "makerId": "carnegie-mellon-university-nrec", "country": "United States", "year": 2013, "date": "2013-12", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": 201, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Took third place ($500,000) at the 2015 DRC Finals and led after day one, finishing all eight tasks in 55:15.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 443 lb humanoid-shaped robot, just under 5 ft tall, that moves on tank-style tracks built into each limb rather than walking; it can crawl on all four limbs or stand on its rear tracks to use tools. Included as a non-walking humanoid (locomotion: tracks).", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-2a4a22a2d7", "hs-641f71859c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2013-12", "event": "DARPA Robotics Challenge Trials (third place, 18 of 32 points)", "url": "https://www.ri.cmu.edu/project/drc-tartan-rescue-team/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Electric joint drives able to curl up to 300 lb; tank-like treads on each of its four limbs instead of walking.", "hands": "Arms 4.3 ft long, ending in hands that can reach the ground; gripper design not detailed.", "sensors": "Laser rangefinders that build a 3D model of the surroundings, with cameras adding colour and texture.", "battery": "Battery pack for 90 minutes or more.", "other": "443 lb (about 201 kg), just under 5 ft standing and about 3 ft crawling. Statically stable, so it does not tip over if power or a computer fails. Can switch between upright and all-fours in seconds.", "sources": [ "hs-2a4a22a2d7", "hs-641f71859c", "hs-9ce047495a" ] }, "production": { "built": "One.", "sold": "Never sold.", "where": "United States" }, "news": [ { "date": "2015-06-06", "title": "CHIMP third at DRC Finals", "summary": "CHIMP led after day one and finished third, getting up unaided after a fall.", "publisher": "WAMC", "url": "https://www.wamc.org/2015-06-07/at-darpa-challenge-robots-slowly-move-toward-better-disaster-recovery" }, { "date": "2013-12", "title": "DRC Tartan Rescue Team", "summary": "CHIMP placed third at the DRC Trials, scored 18 of 32 points, and qualified for additional DARPA funding.", "publisher": "Carnegie Mellon University Robotics Institute", "url": "https://www.ri.cmu.edu/project/drc-tartan-rescue-team/" } ], "video": { "id": "I1kann2_0bo", "title": "CHIMP – the CMU Highly Intelligent Mobile Platform robot", "channel": "Carnegie Mellon University" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/cmu-chimp-2013.jpg", "author": "National Robotics Engineering Center (NREC), Carnegie Mellon University", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.nrec.ri.cmu.edu/solutions/defense/tartan-rescue-team/", "page": "https://www.nrec.ri.cmu.edu/solutions/defense/tartan-rescue-team/", "kind": "maker", "w": 800, "h": 600 } }, { "id": "nasa-valkyrie-r5-2013", "name": "Valkyrie (R5)", "maker": "NASA Johnson Space Center", "makerId": "nasa-johnson-space-center", "country": "United States", "year": 2013, "date": "2013-12", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "space" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 188, "weightKg": 136, "dof": 44, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "NASA's first walking humanoid, built for the DARPA Robotics Challenge and later used as a testbed for robots that could precede astronauts to Mars.", "deployments": "NASA lent Valkyrie units to university labs (for example UMass Lowell and MIT, 2016) for space-robotics research.", "summary": "A 6 ft 2 in, roughly 300 lb battery-powered humanoid with 44 degrees of freedom, series-elastic actuators and a soft protective shell. It scored no points at the 2013 DRC Trials because of communications problems and did not compete in the finals.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-cd9679fec5", "hs-80b5a10125", "hs-0a18d88d2f", "hs-019a3886d3" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2013-12", "event": "NASA JSC unveiling ahead of the DRC Trials (IEEE Spectrum exclusive)", "url": "https://robohub.org/nasa-jsc-unveils-valkyrie-drc-robot-ieee-spectrum/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold; loaned to research universities" }, "components": { "actuators": "Series-elastic rotary actuators in the arms, legs and torso, two linear actuators in the arms and six finger/thumb actuators; 44 degrees of freedom (neck 3, arms 4 each, wrists 3 each, hands 4 each, torso 3, legs 6 each, ankles 2 each).", "hands": "Three fingers and a thumb per hand, 4 degrees of freedom each, driven by six finger and thumb actuators.", "sensors": "Carnegie Robotics MultiSense SL in the head, extra head cameras, torso and shin cameras, lidars in the knees and six-axis force-torque sensors in the feet.", "compute": "Two Intel Core i7 processors on board (NASA, 2015).", "battery": "1.8 kWh custom dual-voltage battery; about one hour of operation (NASA, 2015).", "materials": "Foam padding covered in soft fabric over the structure.", "software": "Robot Operating System (ROS); a simulated Valkyrie was used for NASA's Space Robotics Challenge.", "other": "Designed and built in about nine months for the DARPA Robotics Challenge; 1.87-1.90 m and 125-129 kg depending on source.", "sources": [ "hs-27ddf2060a", "hs-0a18d88d2f" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Never sold; units loaned to research groups (NASA)", "where": "United States and United Kingdom", "customers": "MIT; Northeastern University with UMass Lowell; University of Edinburgh (2016 loans)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2013-12-10", "title": "NASA JSC unveils Valkyrie", "summary": "NASA revealed a completely new humanoid for the DARPA Robotics Challenge.", "publisher": "Robohub", "url": "https://robohub.org/nasa-jsc-unveils-valkyrie-drc-robot-ieee-spectrum/" }, { "date": "2013-12", "title": "What Happened to NASA's Valkyrie Robot at the DRC Trials, and What's Next", "summary": "Valkyrie scored no points at the December 2013 DRC Trials after a network traffic-shaping tool blocked operator-to-robot data.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/update-nasa-valkyrie-robot" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/nasa-valkyrie-r5-2013.jpg", "author": "NASA/Bill Stafford, James Blair, Regan Geeseman", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Valkyrie-robot-3.jpg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Valkyrie-robot-3.jpg", "article": "Valkyrie (robot)", "w": 479, "h": 640 } }, { "id": "schaft-s-one-2013", "name": "S-One", "maker": "SCHAFT (acquired by Google)", "makerId": "schaft", "country": "Japan", "year": 2013, "date": "2013-12-20", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Won the December 2013 DARPA Robotics Challenge Trials with 27 of 32 points, weeks after Google bought the company.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A bipedal humanoid from a Japanese University of Tokyo spin-off that dominated the 2013 trials. SCHAFT withdrew from the DRC finals after moving to self-funding under Google.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-1c45844a15", "hs-8a6122d342" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2013-12-20", "event": "DARPA Robotics Challenge Trials, Homestead-Miami Speedway (won with 27 of 32 points)", "url": "https://www.defenseone.com/defense-systems/2014/03/google-opts-out-of-robotics-challenge-funding-darpa-expands-the-field/194116" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Liquid-cooled, high-output motors with a high-output driver module for high speed and torque without overheating; arms appear to use the same motors (IEEE Spectrum).", "hands": "Commercial Robotiq Adaptive Gripper (IEEE Spectrum).", "materials": "Legs based on the HRP3L-JSK, a Kawada Industries leg design refitted with the new motors (IEEE Spectrum).", "software": "Walking pattern generators and push recovery developed with JSK Lab and AIST colleagues; relied heavily on teleoperation at the Trials (IEEE Spectrum).", "other": "IEEE Spectrum says it was unclear whether S-One used the capacitor power system of the earlier HRP3L-JSK, a battery, or both.", "sources": [ "hs-1c45844a15", "hs-8a6122d342", "hs-2eaae2977e" ] }, "production": { "built": "Competition prototype; count not published", "where": "Competed in the United States (Homestead, Florida)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2018-11-14", "title": "Alphabet closes SCHAFT", "summary": "After a 2017 SoftBank sale fell through and no buyer was found, Alphabet wound SCHAFT down.", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/14/google-is-closing-its-schaft-robotics-unit" }, { "date": "2014-03", "title": "SCHAFT moves to self-funded track", "summary": "SCHAFT gave up DARPA funding after the Google purchase, freeing money for other teams.", "publisher": "Defense One", "url": "https://www.defenseone.com/defense-systems/2014/03/google-opts-out-of-robotics-challenge-funding-darpa-expands-the-field/194116" }, { "date": "2013-12", "title": "Wins DARPA Robotics Challenge Trials", "summary": "S-One topped the Trials with 27 of 32 points.", "publisher": "Defense One", "url": "https://www.defenseone.com/defense-systems/2014/03/google-opts-out-of-robotics-challenge-funding-darpa-expands-the-field/194116" } ], "video": { "id": "Z9_hegb_JJE", "title": "Meet DRC Team Schaft", "channel": "DARPAtv" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/schaft-s-one-2013-1.jpg", "author": "U.S. Department of State", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:President_Obama_Poses_for_a_Photo_with_SCHAFT_Robot_Designers.jpg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:President_Obama_Poses_for_a_Photo_with_SCHAFT_Robot_Designers.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 1000, "h": 666 } }, { "id": "softbank-pepper-2014", "name": "Pepper", "maker": "SoftBank Mobile and Aldebaran Robotics", "makerId": "aldebaran", "country": "Japan", "year": 2014, "date": "2014-06-05", "status": "discontinued", "purpose": [ "social", "retail", "education", "home" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 121, "weightKg": 28, "dof": 20, "speedKmh": 3, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 12, "priceUsd": 1930, "priceNote": "JPY 198,000 base price excluding tax and required service plans (about $1,930 at June 2014 rates)", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Marketed as the first personal robot that reads human emotions, and the most widely sold wheeled humanoid of the 2010s.", "deployments": "Went on sale in Japan in 2015 and was used in shops, banks and schools worldwide; SoftBank later paused production (date not confirmed in sources gathered here).", "summary": "A 1.21 m, 28 kg wheeled humanoid with a chest tablet, two arms with five-finger hands and an omnidirectional base, designed to talk with customers and families.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-144ce178a7", "hs-78f2c8c1d2" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2014-06-05", "event": "SoftBank press conference, Tokyo", "url": "https://www.softbank.jp/en/corp/group/sbm/news/press/2014/20140605_01/" }, "released": { "date": "2015-06", "note": "general sale in Japan from June 2015 (first 1,000 units reportedly sold out in a minute); SoftBank had scheduled sales for February 2015; UK launch 2016; production paused June 2021" }, "components": { "actuators": "20 motors: head 2 axes, shoulders 2 each, elbows 2 each, wrists 1 each, hands 1 each, hip 2, knee 1, plus a 3-axis omnidirectional wheeled base.", "hands": "Five-fingered hands moved by one motor each (1 DoF), with touch sensors on the hands.", "sensors": "Head: 4 microphones, 2 RGB cameras, 1 3D depth sensor, 3 touch sensors; chest gyro; base: 2 sonars, 6 laser sensors, 3 bumpers and a gyro.", "battery": "Lithium-ion, 30.0 Ah / 795 Wh; about 12 hours or more of operation in shop use.", "software": "NAOqi OS shared with NAO; emotion recognition from face and voice, cloud-based 'Cloud AI' databases, and an SDK for robot apps.", "other": "10.1-inch touchscreen on the chest; Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n (2.4/5 GHz) and gigabit Ethernet; 1.21 m and 28 kg; up to 3 km/h. Manufactured by Foxconn.", "sources": [ "hs-144ce178a7", "hs-78f2c8c1d2", "hs-9af4bcf4bf", "hs-a739a4b2a6" ] }, "production": { "built": "About 27,000 produced before production stopped in 2020, according to sources cited by Reuters in June 2021 (Reuters, 2021)", "sold": "The initial 1,000 units offered in Japan on June 20, 2015 sold out in one minute (SoftBank, July 2015)", "where": "Japan from 2015, then other markets including the UK (2016)", "customers": "SoftBank shops in Japan (demo units from June 2014)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-06-02", "title": "Aldebaran, la vedette de la robotique française, placée en liquidation judiciaire", "summary": "Aldebaran, maker of NAO and Pepper, was placed in judicial liquidation by the Paris commercial court on June 2, 2025.", "publisher": "Le Monde", "url": "https://www.lemonde.fr/economie/article/2025/06/02/aldebaran-la-vedette-de-la-robotique-francaise-placee-en-liquidation-judiciaire_6610246_3234.html" }, { "date": "2021-06-28", "title": "Exclusive: SoftBank shrinks robotics business, stops Pepper production - sources", "summary": "Reuters reported that Pepper production had stopped in 2020 after struggling to find customers; a source said 27,000 units were produced.", "publisher": "Reuters (via Investing.com)", "url": "https://www.investing.com/news/stock-market-news/exclusive-softbank-shrinks-robotics-business-stops-pepper-production--sources-2543907?ampMode=1" }, { "date": "2015-07-03", "title": "SoftBank to Offer 1,000 ‘Pepper’ Units on July 31", "summary": "SoftBank confirmed that the first 1,000 Pepper units offered June 20 sold out in one minute, and announced a further 1,000 units for July 31.", "publisher": "SoftBank", "url": "https://www.softbank.jp/en/corp/group/sbm/news/press/2015/20150703_02/" }, { "date": "2014-06-05", "title": "SoftBank unveils Pepper", "summary": "SoftBank and Aldebaran introduced an emotion-reading robot priced at 198,000 yen.", "publisher": "SoftBank", "url": "https://www.softbank.jp/en/corp/group/sbm/news/press/2014/20140605_01/" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/softbank-pepper-2014.jpg", "author": "Tokumeigakarinoaoshima", "license": "CC0", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SoftBank_pepper.JPG", "article": "Pepper (robot)", "w": 479, "h": 640 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/aldebaran.png", "author": "Lusheeta", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Softbank_mobile_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Softbank_mobile_logo.svg", "article": "File:Softbank mobile logo.svg" } }, { "id": "toshiba-aiko-chihira-2015", "name": "Aiko Chihira", "maker": "Toshiba (with Osaka University)", "makerId": "toshiba", "country": "Japan", "year": 2014, "date": "2014-10-07", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "retail", "social" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Greeted shoppers at Mitsukoshi Nihombashi department store in Tokyo in April-May 2015; a successor, Junco Chihira, gave tourist information at Aqua City Odaiba in 2016.", "summary": "A lifelike android receptionist using 43 motors for gestures and facial expressions; it read pre-programmed scripts and could not hold a conversation.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-f1ce22f5e6", "hs-4012eaec33" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2014-10-07", "event": "CEATEC Japan 2014, Makuhari Messe (sign-language demo)", "url": "https://www.pcworld.com/article/435692/toshiba-android-tries-to-charm-with-sign-language.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold; receptionist at Mitsukoshi Nihombashi from 20 April 2015" }, "components": { "actuators": "43 actuators, 15 of them in the head for facial expression (Toshiba); arms and hands use an air-servo system with a compressor.", "sensors": "None at debut; Toshiba said cameras and other sensors could be added. A 2016 sister android used mid-air touch detection at a kiosk.", "materials": "Lifelike skin.", "software": "Pre-recorded speech with Japanese sign language at debut; could not answer questions in 2015.", "other": "Developed with Tokyo engineering firm Alab and several Japanese universities.", "sources": [ "hs-8b41f30760", "hs-f1ce22f5e6", "hs-4012eaec33" ] }, "production": { "sold": "never sold", "where": "Japan", "customers": "Mitsukoshi Nihombashi, Tokyo (2015); a related android, Chihira Junco, at AQUA CiTY Odaiba (2016)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2016-06", "title": "Sister android at Odaiba mall", "summary": "Toshiba's Chihira Junco began answering visitors at AQUA CiTY Odaiba in Japanese, English and Chinese.", "publisher": "Inside Retail Asia", "url": "https://insideretail.asia/2016/06/13/aqua-citys-android-has-the-answers/" }, { "date": "2015-04-20", "title": "Receptionist at Mitsukoshi", "summary": "Aiko Chihira started greeting shoppers at Mitsukoshi's Tokyo flagship store.", "publisher": "Phys.org (AFP)", "url": "https://phys.org/news/2015-04-japan-robot-receptionist-shoppers.html" }, { "date": "2014-10-07", "title": "Unveiled at CEATEC 2014", "summary": "Toshiba showed the android signing in Japanese sign language at CEATEC near Tokyo.", "publisher": "PCWorld", "url": "https://www.pcworld.com/article/435692/toshiba-android-tries-to-charm-with-sign-language.html" } ], "video": { "id": "tWqU5Ts8RZg", "title": "Meet Aiko: Toshiba's new Android receptionist - Engadget", "channel": "Engadget" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/toshiba-aiko-chihira-2015.jpg", "author": "Toshiba (with Osaka University)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.global.toshiba/content/dam/toshiba/migration/corp/newsAssets/about/press/2014_10/0601/robot_english.jpg", "page": "https://www.global.toshiba/content/dam/toshiba/migration/corp/newsAssets/about/press/2014_10/0601/robot_english.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 300, "h": 211 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/toshiba.png", "author": "Toshiba Corporation", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_logo.svg", "article": "File:Toshiba logo.svg" } }, { "id": "virginia-tech-thor-saffir-2014", "name": "THOR / SAFFiR", "maker": "Virginia Tech TREC Lab (for the US Office of Naval Research)", "makerId": "virginia-trec-lab", "country": "United States", "year": 2014, "date": "2014-11-03", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "military" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 178, "weightKg": 64, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Shown putting out a small fire aboard the decommissioned USS Shadwell, an early test of a humanoid firefighting robot on a ship.", "deployments": "Tested aboard USS Shadwell in November 2014.", "summary": "A 5 ft 10 in, 140 lb electric humanoid (originally named THOR) built for the Navy's Shipboard Autonomous Firefighting Robot program; it walked on uneven decks, used thermal imaging to spot hot equipment and aimed a hose.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-0c2d82b8fc", "hs-4a82e3d45f" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2014-11-03", "event": "ONR shipboard firefighting demonstration on the decommissioned USS Shadwell (3-5 Nov 2014)", "url": "https://www.fireengineering.com/?p=227668" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Custom linear series elastic actuators: ball-screw drives with a configurable titanium leaf spring (372 or 655 kN/m), an in-line load cell and up to 2,225 N peak force; at the hip and knee pitch joints an inverted Hoeken's linkage gives about 115 Nm across 150 degrees of travel (THOR legs, Knabe 2015).", "sensors": "Infrared stereo vision and a rotating lidar that let it see through dense smoke; thermal imaging to find overheated equipment.", "software": "Semi-autonomous: handles hoses and steps on its own while a human operator can intervene at any time.", "other": "SAFFiR (Shipboard Autonomous Firefighting Robot) for the US Office of Naval Research; 1.78 m (5 ft 10 in) and about 65 kg (143 lb). THOR (Tactical Hazardous Operations Robot) shares the linear-actuator design.", "sources": [ "hs-4a82e3d45f", "hs-ea8fd78aa6", "hs-91a92a171c", "hs-1f373616b6" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Never sold", "where": "United States", "customers": "US Office of Naval Research (sponsor); tested aboard the decommissioned USS Shadwell" }, "news": [ { "date": "2015-03-04", "title": "Spectrum profiles Virginia Tech's disaster robots", "summary": "IEEE Spectrum reported THOR had put out a shipboard fire and ESCHER was being built for the DRC Finals.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/amp/virginia-techs-robots-will-save-you-from-disasters-2650272305" }, { "date": "2014-11-03", "title": "SAFFiR fights fire aboard USS Shadwell", "summary": "The robot walked uneven decks, found hot equipment and used a hose on a small fire during Nov 3-5 Navy tests.", "publisher": "Fire Engineering", "url": "https://www.fireengineering.com/?p=227668" } ], "video": { "id": "3maNVvmcfXk", "title": "THOR Walking", "channel": "TRECVT (Virginia Tech TREC lab)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/virginia-tech-thor-saffir-2014-1.jpg", "author": "U.S. Navy photo by John F. Williams", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shipboard_Autonomous_Firefighting_Robot_test_aboard_USS_Shadwell_(LSD-15)_in_November_2014.JPG", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shipboard_Autonomous_Firefighting_Robot_test_aboard_USS_Shadwell_(LSD-15)_in_November_2014.JPG", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 1000, "h": 666 } }, { "id": "fraunhofer-ipa-care-o-bot-4-2015", "name": "Care-O-bot 4", "maker": "Fraunhofer IPA and Mojin Robotics", "makerId": "fraunhofer-ipa", "country": "Germany", "year": 2015, "date": "2015-01-15", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "care", "retail", "home", "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 158, "weightKg": 140, "dof": 29, "speedKmh": 4, "payloadKg": 5, "batteryHours": 5, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "about $66,000 to $232,000 depending on configuration; no maker list price", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Debuted as a shopping assistant in stores in November 2016 and used as a museum and information robot.", "summary": "The fourth Care-O-bot: a modular wheeled service robot with a display head that can show moods, a turning torso, and zero, one or two 7-joint arms with simple grippers. Specs are for the fully configured robot; battery life is.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-ec6adc02ac", "hs-fff79c2809" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2015-01-15", "event": "Fraunhofer IPA press launch", "url": "https://www.care-o-bot.de/content/dam/careobot/en/documents/pressreleases/2015_01_15_Care-O-bot_4_en_final.pdf" }, "released": { "date": "2016-11", "note": "first retail deployment as a shopping assistant; marketed by Mojin Robotics" }, "components": { "actuators": "29 DoF overall. Arms use Schunk Powerball modules (PRL100, ERB145, ERB115) over CANopen; patented spherical joints at neck and hip (1+3 DoF each, up to 200 deg/s, +/-360 deg) let it bow while a counter-moving part keeps balance; omnidirectional base up to 1.1 m/s.", "hands": "Optional 7-DoF arms (about 90 cm reach, 5 kg payload) ending in a one-finger gripper (2 DoF) co-developed with Schunk, with a built-in RGB-D camera, lights and a laser pointer; a tray can replace a hand.", "sensors": "Three safety laser scanners with safety PLC, RGB-D camera in each gripper, cameras for person and gesture recognition, microphone for speech recognition, sensor ring module.", "compute": "4 to 6 Intel NUC i5 computers (8 GB RAM, 256 GB each) distributed through base, torso, head and sensor ring; Gigabit Ethernet inside.", "battery": "48 V lithium-ion battery with 48 V / 10 A external charger.", "materials": "Internal structure largely folded sheet metal for low-volume production; 158 cm tall, 140 kg. Design by Phoenix Design.", "software": "Open software interfaces for developers (ROS-based Care-O-bot community carried over from Care-O-bot 3).", "other": "Modular: arms, spherical joints and sensors are optional, and the base can run alone as a serving trolley. 15-inch head touchscreen shows moods; LED ring on the torso; 2-channel wireless e-stop and Safe-Torque-Off.", "sources": [ "hs-fff79c2809", "hs-ec6adc02ac", "hs-200deb9457", "hs-a598b81e03" ] }, "production": { "built": "Small-batch production", "sold": "Commercialised by Fraunhofer spin-off Mojin Robotics; unit sales not reported", "where": "Stuttgart, Germany (Fraunhofer IPA; Mojin Robotics)", "customers": "Saturn electronics stores (sales assistant 'Paul')" }, "news": [ { "date": "2018-02-28", "title": "Mojin Robotics wins Fraunhofer start-up award", "summary": "The IPA spin-off commercialising Care-O-bot 4 won a EUR 5,000 award; its 'Paul' assistant had won an EHI retail award at Saturn.", "publisher": "Fraunhofer", "url": "https://www.fraunhofer.de/en/press/research-news/2018/February/fraunhofer_start-up_award_2017_for_mojin_Robotics.html" }, { "date": "2015-01-15", "title": "Fraunhofer IPA launches Care-O-bot 4", "summary": "IPA presented the modular fourth-generation service robot developed over three years with Phoenix Design and Schunk.", "publisher": "Fraunhofer IPA", "url": "https://www.care-o-bot.de/content/dam/careobot/en/documents/pressreleases/2015_01_15_Care-O-bot_4_en_final.pdf" } ], "video": { "id": "3n42WbbYGZI", "title": "Care-O-bot 4®: The new modular service robot generation from Fraunhofer IPA", "channel": "FraunhoferIPA" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/fraunhofer-ipa-care-o-bot-4-2015.jpg", "author": "Fraunhofer IPA", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.care-o-bot.de/en/care-o-bot-4/download/images.html", "page": "https://www.care-o-bot.de/en/care-o-bot-4/download/images.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 800, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "pal-robotics-tiago-2015", "name": "TIAGo", "maker": "PAL Robotics", "makerId": "pal", "country": "Spain", "year": 2015, "date": "2015-02-04", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "care", "home" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "EUR 29,000-59,000 depending on configuration", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Widely used in European research projects on assisted living and in robot competitions.", "summary": "'Take It And Go', a wheeled mobile manipulator with a lifting torso, pan-tilt head and one arm, built as a ROS research platform. Included with a note: wheeled and single-armed, so only partly humanoid.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-c89c7efce3", "hs-6274133563" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2015-02-04", "event": "PAL Robotics introduces TIAGo (date news link; ROS community announcement same month)", "url": "https://www.ros.org/news/2015/02/new-mobile-manipulator-tiago-robot.html" }, "released": { "date": "2015", "note": "sold to research labs and companies" }, "components": { "actuators": "9 brushless and 8 brushed DC motors; the 7-DoF arm comes in standard or series-elastic-actuator versions, the latter with torque-controllable joints and built-in brakes (PAL).", "hands": "Interchangeable end effectors: parallel gripper, Robotiq 2F-85/2F-140, ePick suction or PAL SEA gripper, each optionally with force/torque sensing; optional Hey5 hand with 19 DoF, 3 of them actuated.", "sensors": "Base laser (Hokuyo or SICK TiM561), RGB-D camera, IMU, sonars, two microphone arrays and optional wrist force/torque sensor, touchscreen, thermal camera and Velodyne lidar (PAL).", "compute": "Intel i5 (8 GB RAM, 250 GB SSD) standard or Intel i7 (16 GB, 500 GB SSD) upgrade; optional NVIDIA Jetson add-on for AI workloads (PAL).", "battery": "36 V, 20 Ah; 4-5 hours on one battery or 8-10 hours with a second (PAL).", "software": "Ubuntu LTS with real-time OS, ROS, ros_control, OROCOS, Gazebo/URDF simulation and MoveIt!.", "other": "Height 110-145 cm via lifting torso; arm payload 3 kg without end effector.", "sources": [ "hs-21d70415a3" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sold to research labs and companies; unit count not published" }, "news": [], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/pal-robotics-tiago-2015.jpg", "author": "Auledas", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TIAGo_Sciroc_2019.gif", "article": "File:TIAGo Sciroc 2019.gif", "w": 493, "h": 640 }, "buy": { "url": "https://pal-robotics.com/robot/tiago/", "type": null, "label": "Maker's website", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false } }, { "id": "riken-robear-2015", "name": "ROBEAR", "maker": "RIKEN and Sumitomo Riko", "makerId": "riken", "country": "Japan", "year": 2015, "date": "2015-02-23", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "care", "healthcare", "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": 140, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "none", "firsts": "Showed a robot gently lifting a person from a bed into a wheelchair, one of the hardest tasks for care workers.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 140 kg bear-faced nursing robot on a wheeled base whose padded arms and rubber tactile sensors let it lift and help patients stand. Included with a note: humanoid torso and arms but a bear face and no hands. The project ended when its RIKEN centre closed in March 2015.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-5042aa5a49", "hs-977a0fbea6" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2015-02-23", "event": "RIKEN press release", "url": "https://www.riken.jp/en/news_pubs/research_news/pr/2015/20150223_2/index.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Very-low-gear-ratio actuator units for fast, backdrivable joints that feed forces back for gentle motion.", "sensors": "Torque sensors and Smart Rubber capacitance-type tactile sensors made entirely of rubber.", "materials": "140 kg, versus 230 kg for RIBA-II; legs extend for lifting and retract for doorways.", "other": "Lifts patients from bed to wheelchair or helps them stand.", "sources": [ "hs-5042aa5a49" ] }, "production": { "built": "research prototype", "sold": "never sold", "where": "Japan", "customers": "RIKEN-SRK Collaboration Center, Nagoya (closed March 2015)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2015-07-23", "title": "Project ends at RIKEN", "summary": "RIKEN added that the collaboration center closed in March 2015 and ROBEAR work no longer continues there.", "publisher": "RIKEN", "url": "https://www.riken.jp/en/news_pubs/research_news/pr/2015/20150223_2/index.html" }, { "date": "2015-02-23", "title": "ROBEAR announced", "summary": "RIKEN and Sumitomo Riko presented a lighter bear-faced nursing-care robot.", "publisher": "RIKEN", "url": "https://www.riken.jp/en/news_pubs/research_news/pr/2015/20150223_2/index.html" } ], "video": { "id": "J3edDaPSdY4", "title": "ROBEAR: The strong robot with the gentle touch", "channel": "rikenchannel" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/riken-robear-2015.jpg", "author": "RIKEN", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.riken.jp/en/news_pubs/research_news/pr/2015/20150223_2/", "page": "https://www.riken.jp/en/news_pubs/research_news/pr/2015/20150223_2/", "kind": "maker", "w": 500, "h": 754 } }, { "id": "virginia-tech-escher-2015", "name": "ESCHER", "maker": "Virginia Tech TREC Lab (Team VALOR)", "makerId": "virginia-trec-lab", "country": "United States", "year": 2015, "date": "2015-06", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "The Electric Series Compliant Humanoid for Emergency Response, a student-built, compliant-actuator biped that competed in the 2015 DRC Finals; IEEE Spectrum describes it as an upgrade of THOR.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-0a1af8dd44", "hs-1f373616b6" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2015-06", "event": "DARPA Robotics Challenge Finals, Pomona", "url": "https://www.darpa.mil/news/2015/robotics-challenge-finals" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Custom linear series elastic actuators in single and dual-actuator configurations, giving a fully force-controlled electric humanoid.", "software": "Whole-body control framework for compliant walking on shifting terrain, with a high-level layer built on ROS and open-source packages.", "other": "ESCHER stands for Electric Series Compliant Humanoid for Emergency Response; it capped four years of Virginia Tech work after SAFFiR and THOR. At the DRC Finals it walked the 61 m loose-dirt course but Team VALOR scored 0 points (20th).", "sources": [ "hs-69091071f8", "hs-e3a2a5924e", "hs-1f373616b6" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Never sold", "where": "United States" }, "news": [ { "date": "2015-06", "title": "ESCHER competes at DRC Finals", "summary": "Team VALOR's ESCHER competed at the DARPA Robotics Challenge Finals; the team's paper documents its hardware, control software and competition runs.", "publisher": "Team VALOR / Journal of Field Robotics", "url": "https://algrobogroup.github.io/assets/pdf/2017-drc-jfr.pdf" } ], "video": { "id": "QFI27jY05tQ", "title": "Meet ESCHER, the robot that rescues - Virginia Tech", "channel": "Virginia Tech (@virginiatech)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/virginia-tech-escher-2015-1.jpg", "author": "Master Chief Petty Officer John Williams", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2015_DARPA_Robotics_Challenge_150606-N-PO203-115.jpg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:2015_DARPA_Robotics_Challenge_150606-N-PO203-115.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 1000, "h": 664 } }, { "id": "utokyo-jsk-jaxon-2015", "name": "JAXON", "maker": "University of Tokyo JSK Lab (team NEDO-JSK)", "makerId": "university-of-tokyo-jsk-lab", "country": "Japan", "year": 2015, "date": "2015-06", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 188, "weightKg": 110, "dof": 33, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A 1.88 m, 110 kg disaster-response humanoid with 33 degrees of freedom and water-cooled high-torque motor drivers, built by team NEDO-JSK for the DARPA Robotics Challenge Finals in June 2015. At the 2015 International Robot Exhibition it crawled on hands and knees under a low ceiling and cleared debris; its hands and head cameras can be swapped.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-cb7a4b7e60", "hs-3b3e48011a", "hs-d9faa6391e" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2015-06", "event": "DARPA Robotics Challenge Finals, Pomona, California", "url": "https://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/news/733270.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" } }, { "id": "uni-bonn-momaro-2015", "name": "Momaro", "maker": "University of Bonn (Autonomous Intelligent Systems group, team NimbRo Rescue)", "makerId": "university-of-bonn", "country": "Germany", "year": 2015, "date": "2015-06", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": 58, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Best-placed European team at the 2015 DARPA Robotics Challenge Finals (4th overall), solving seven of eight tasks in 34 minutes.", "deployments": "Competed at the DRC Finals in Pomona, California, on 5-6 June 2015 after operating at the DRC Testbed in March 2015.", "summary": "Disaster-response robot with an anthropomorphic upper body (two adult-sized 7-DoF arms with four-finger grippers and a sensor head with a rotating 3D laser scanner and cameras) on four compliant legs that end in steerable wheel pairs, so it can drive and also step over obstacles. Runtime is given as about 1.5-2 hours; it is a centaur-style layout (wheeled legs rather than two walking legs), included as a humanoid upper body on a wheeled base.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-896a0f788e", "hs-fa183c917d" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2015-06", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/uni-bonn-momaro-2015.jpg", "author": "University of Bonn, Autonomous Intelligent Systems group (Team NimbRo)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://ais.uni-bonn.de/nimbro/Rescue", "page": "https://ais.uni-bonn.de/nimbro/Rescue", "kind": "maker", "w": 791, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "iit-walk-man-2015", "name": "WALK-MAN", "maker": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)", "makerId": "istituto-italiano-di-tecnologia", "country": "Italy", "year": 2015, "date": "2015-06", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 185, "weightKg": 120, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Europe's main full-size entry at the DRC Finals; a slimmer 2018 version (about 102 kg) was shown fighting fires.", "deployments": null, "summary": "An EU-funded disaster-response humanoid, 1.85 m tall and about 120 kg with its battery backpack. It retired early from the 2015 DRC Finals with a battery problem; IIT kept developing it afterward.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-11c23fb067", "hs-a42087ce23" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2015-06", "event": "DARPA Robotics Challenge Finals (prototype)", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Electric motors with built-in joint elasticity and custom high-power drives (several kW peak per joint); leg joints up to 320 Nm, shoulder joints up to 140 Nm; position, torque and impedance control at up to 5 kHz (IEEE Spectrum).", "hands": "Human-inspired hands designed to be robust and adaptable enough to grip and use hand tools (CORDIS).", "sensors": "Joint torque sensing with thermal and fatigue monitoring; head with stereo vision, a rotating 3D laser scanner, a depth camera and colour cameras.", "battery": "Embedded battery for about one hour of autonomous operation (CORDIS).", "software": "ROS and YARP; can run autonomously or be commanded by a pilot from an operator station.", "other": "1.85 m tall, 100-120 kg with backpack; designed and built in 10 months (March 2014 - January 2015) by a 19-person team, mostly from IIT. EU project 611832 with the University of Pisa, EPFL, UCLouvain and KIT.", "sources": [ "hs-11c23fb067", "hs-a42087ce23" ] }, "production": { "built": "One prototype.", "sold": "Never sold.", "where": "Italy; competed in the United States" }, "news": [ { "date": "2015-06-05", "title": "WALK-MAN competes at DRC Finals", "summary": "IIT's humanoid took part in the DARPA Robotics Challenge Finals in California.", "publisher": "CORDIS, European Commission", "url": "https://www.cordis.europa.eu/article/id/117037-walkman-sets-the-bar-high-for-darpas-robotics-challenge-finals" }, { "date": "2015-06-03", "title": "IEEE profiles WALK-MAN", "summary": "IEEE Spectrum detailed the electric, compliant humanoid ahead of the Finals.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/walkman-humanoid-robot-iit" } ], "video": { "id": "vp9T3U8hubk", "title": "IIT ROBOT WALK-MAN AT THE DARPA CHALLENGE 2015", "channel": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (@IITVideos)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/iit-walk-man-2015.jpg", "author": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.iit.it/web/humanoids-human-centered-mechatronics/robots", "page": "https://www.iit.it/web/humanoids-human-centered-mechatronics/robots", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 750 } }, { "id": "kaist-drc-hubo-2015", "name": "DRC-HUBO", "maker": "KAIST (Team KAIST) with Rainbow Robotics", "makerId": "kaist", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2015, "date": "2015-06-05", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Won the 2015 DARPA Robotics Challenge Finals and its $2 million prize, completing all eight tasks in 44:28.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A version of KAIST's HUBO humanoid redesigned for disaster response: it could kneel and roll on wheels at its knees for faster, more stable travel, then stand to use tools and climb stairs.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-f96f18d1ef", "hs-4146a73504" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2015-06-05", "event": "DARPA Robotics Challenge Finals, Pomona, California (5-6 June 2015; won on day two)", "url": "https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2015/0608/South-Korean-team-wins-2-million-to-design-robots-for-humanitarian-aid" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold as DRC-HUBO; Rainbow Robotics later sold HUBO-family research robots" }, "components": { "actuators": "Maxon EC-Powermax 30 and RE-Max 29 motors.", "hands": "Gripper hands; each arm-and-hand assembly has 8 DoF.", "sensors": "Rainbow Robotics force/torque sensors at the end of each limb, ADIS-16480 IMU, KVH-1750 fibre-optic gyro, two optical-flow sensors on the shins, and a head camera with a Hokuyo 2D lidar.", "compute": "Intel NUC PC for head sensing and motion.", "battery": "Two lithium batteries, about 4 hours of operation.", "materials": "Aluminium.", "software": "Linux with PODO, a motion-control framework developed at KAIST.", "other": "Wheels at the knees let it kneel and roll for speed and stability, then stand to walk; 32 DoF and 80 kg.", "sources": [ "hs-f96f18d1ef", "hs-8a6122d342" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not sold as DRC-HUBO", "where": "Competed in the United States (Pomona, California)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2015-06-06", "title": "Wins the DARPA Robotics Challenge Finals", "summary": "Team KAIST finished all eight tasks in 44:28 to take the $2 million first prize.", "publisher": "Christian Science Monitor", "url": "https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2015/0608/South-Korean-team-wins-2-million-to-design-robots-for-humanitarian-aid" }, { "date": "2014-03", "title": "KAIST admitted to DRC Finals as self-funded team", "summary": "After SCHAFT left the funded track, DARPA admitted KAIST, which had scored 8 points at the 2013 Trials.", "publisher": "Defense One", "url": "https://www.defenseone.com/defense-systems/2014/03/google-opts-out-of-robotics-challenge-funding-darpa-expands-the-field/194116" } ], "video": { "id": "PomkJ4l9CMU", "title": "[DRC 2015] Team KAIST Full Video", "channel": "HuboLab KAIST" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/kaist-drc-hubo-2015-1.jpg", "author": "Office of Naval Research from Arlington, United States", "license": "CC BY 2.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:150605-N-PO203-837_(17911035264).jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 1000, "h": 666 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/kaist.png", "author": "KAIST", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KAIST_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KAIST_logo.svg", "article": "KAIST" } }, { "id": "osaka-erica-2015", "name": "ERICA", "maker": "Osaka University, Kyoto University and ATR (JST ERATO Ishiguro project)", "makerId": "osaka-university", "country": "Japan", "year": 2015, "date": "2015-08", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "social", "research" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "none", "firsts": "Built as a research platform for autonomous conversation, with a face designed by computer graphics rather than copied from a real person.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A seated android with 19 near-silent pneumatic actuators, speech recognition and gaze and gesture generation, able to hold natural conversation in limited situations.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-37042ddfe7", "hs-d6f651aca7" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2015-08", "event": "Osaka University press announcement", "url": "https://resou.osaka-u.ac.jp/en/research/2015/20150803_1" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Pneumatic: Osaka University cites 19 actuators with quiet new servo valves.", "hands": "3 DoF per hand.", "sensors": "Two CMOS cameras and two microphones in the head.", "compute": "Sensor network connected to multiple PCs, one controlling the actuators.", "materials": "Silicone face, arms and hands; face designed from computer graphics rather than a real person; 166 cm.", "software": "Voice recognition, conversation and motion generation; ROS, Java and Python.", "other": "Research platform for autonomous conversational androids, by Osaka University, Kyoto University and ATR.", "sources": [ "hs-37042ddfe7" ] }, "production": { "built": "research platform", "sold": "never sold", "where": "Japan", "customers": "Osaka University, Kyoto University, ATR" }, "news": [ { "date": "2015-08-03", "title": "ERICA announced", "summary": "Osaka University, Kyoto University and ATR presented ERICA as a platform for autonomous conversational androids.", "publisher": "Osaka University ResOU", "url": "https://resou.osaka-u.ac.jp/en/research/2015/20150803_1" } ], "video": { "id": "3WnUW5woZoo", "title": "JST ERATO ISHIGURO Symbiotic Human-Robot Interaction Project (Short Ver.)", "channel": "大阪大学 公式チャンネル The University of Osaka (Official)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/osaka-erica-2015.jpg", "author": "Osaka University, Kyoto University and ATR (JST ERATO Ishiguro project)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://resou.osaka-u.ac.jp/ja/research/2015/files/20150803_1_fig1.jpg/@@images/image", "page": "https://resou.osaka-u.ac.jp/ja/research/2015/files/20150803_1_fig1.jpg/@@images/image", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 469 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/osaka-university.png", "author": "ATR", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ATR_logo_2015.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ATR_logo_2015.svg", "article": "File:ATR logo 2015.svg" } }, { "id": "university-of-tehran-surena-iii-2015", "name": "Surena III", "maker": "University of Tehran, Center for Advanced Systems and Technologies (CAST)", "makerId": "university-of-tehran", "country": "Iran", "year": 2015, "date": "2015-11", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 190, "weightKg": 98, "dof": 31, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Third generation of Iran's Surena biped, demonstrated in November 2015 with 31 degrees of freedom, between the 2010 Surena II and the 2019 Surena 4.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-e595c886ad", "hs-d778100bdc" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2015-11", "event": "University of Tehran demonstration (about 16 November 2015, per IEEE Spectrum's report the next day)", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/iran-humanoid-robot-surena-iii" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "31 servomotors: Maxon brushless DC motors with harmonic drives and timing belt-pulley systems in the hips and legs; ROBOTIS Dynamixel AX and MX servos in the upper body.", "hands": "Can grasp objects (IEEE Spectrum, 2015).", "sensors": "Kinect-based 3D vision module, encoders in all joints, six-axis force/torque sensors in the ankles, IMU in the torso, microphones for recognising some set Persian sentences.", "compute": "On-board processor not named; control software runs on the robot.", "software": "ROS-based control; face and object detection, tracking and imitation of a person's arm motions; limited Persian speech recognition with recorded speech output.", "other": "About 1.9 m tall and 98 kg. Walks at about 0.2 m/s, climbs stairs and ramps, adapts to uneven ground and can kick a ball. Built by about 70 people from the University of Tehran and five other Iranian institutions, funded by Iran's Industrial Development and Renovation Organization (IDRO) (IEEE Spectrum, 2015).", "sources": [ "hs-d778100bdc" ] }, "production": { "sold": "not sold (research robot)", "where": "Center for Advanced Systems and Technologies (CAST), University of Tehran, Iran" }, "news": [ { "date": "2019-12-14", "title": "Surena IV", "summary": "The fourth-generation Surena was unveiled on 14 December 2019 with 43 degrees of freedom.", "publisher": "University of Tehran, Center of Advanced Systems and Technologies (CAST)", "url": "https://cast-tech.ir/surena-iv/" }, { "date": "2015-11", "title": "Iran unveils Surena III humanoid", "summary": "University of Tehran researchers showed the 31-DoF biped walking, imitating gestures and balancing on one foot.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/iran-humanoid-robot-surena-iii" } ], "video": { "id": "mR5IThJslkY", "title": "Iran Demonstrates Humanoid Robot Surena III", "channel": "IEEE Spectrum" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/university-of-tehran-surena-iii-2015-1.jpg", "author": "CAST(Center of Advanced Systems & Technologies)", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SURENA_III.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 1000, "h": 666 } }, { "id": "ntu-edgar-2015", "name": "EDGAR (Expression Display & Gesturing Avatar Robot)", "maker": "Nanyang Technological University (Gerald Seet, BeingThere Centre)", "makerId": "nanyang-technological-university", "country": "Singapore", "year": 2015, "date": "2015-12", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "social", "education" ], "locomotion": "unknown", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Shown at NTU's media showcase in late December 2015 alongside the social robot Nadine.", "summary": "Telepresence humanoid upper body with a rear-projection face that shows the remote user's face and two highly articulated arms that copy the user's upper-body gestures; it can also run autonomously, delivering scripted speeches and using a webcam to find and talk to people. Work started in 2012; base and height are not described in the sources.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-b2bb397068", "hs-ac0840979e", "hs-66be20489a" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2015-12", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" } }, { "id": "ntu-nadine-2015", "name": "Nadine", "maker": "Nanyang Technological University (Institute for Media Innovation)", "makerId": "nanyang-technological-university", "country": "Singapore", "year": 2015, "date": "2015-12", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "social", "research" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Worked as a receptionist at NTU from late 2015.", "summary": "A realistic female android modelled on its lead creator, Professor Nadia Magnenat Thalmann, with soft skin, memory of past conversations and simulated moods.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-ac0840979e", "hs-9848a39caa" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2015-12", "event": "NTU press release unveiling Nadine and EDGAR", "url": "https://neurosciencenews.com/neurobotics-social-telepresence-robots-3329/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "27 degrees of freedom for facial expressions and upper-body movement; body built by Kokoro in Japan.", "hands": "Realistic hands; can shake hands.", "sensors": "3D depth cameras, a webcam and a microphone.", "materials": "Lifelike soft skin and hair, modelled on Prof. Nadia Magnenat Thalmann.", "software": "Face and gesture recognition, simulated emotions and moods, a behaviour-tree planner, chatbots, Google Assistant-based search for unknown questions, and a memory model that recalls users; six languages.", "sources": [ "hs-397dbc615b", "hs-9848a39caa" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Never sold", "where": "Singapore", "customers": "AIA Singapore customer service (2018); ArtScience Museum 'Human+' exhibition (2017); Bright Hill Evergreen Home (late 2020 to April 2021)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2018-06-01", "title": "NTU marks historic visit by Indian Prime Minister", "summary": "Narendra Modi visited NTU Singapore and took special interest in social robot Nadine.", "publisher": "Nanyang Technological University", "url": "https://www.ntu.edu.sg/news/detail/ntu-marks-historic-visit-by-indian-prime-minister" }, { "date": "2017-07", "title": "Nadine greets museum visitors", "summary": "NTU's social robot receptionist Nadine took a full-time job greeting visitors at the ArtScience Museum (NTU HEY! magazine, July-August 2017).", "publisher": "NTU HEY! magazine", "url": "https://bpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/blogs.ntu.edu.sg/dist/f/2475/files/2020/09/HEY-Issue-33.pdf" }, { "date": "2015-12-31", "title": "NTU unveils Nadine", "summary": "NTU's Institute for Media Innovation presented Nadine, a social robot with moods and memory.", "publisher": "Neuroscience News", "url": "https://neurosciencenews.com/neurobotics-social-telepresence-robots-3329/" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/ntu-nadine-2015.jpg", "author": "Nadiathalmann", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nadine_Robot.jpg", "article": "Nadine Social Robot", "w": 579, "h": 640 } }, { "id": "android-technics-fedor-2017", "name": "FEDOR (Skybot F-850)", "maker": "Android Technics (NPO Androidnaya Tekhnika) and Russia's Advanced Research Foundation", "makerId": "android-technics", "country": "Russia", "year": 2016, "date": "2016", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "space", "research", "military" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 182, "weightKg": 106, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Russia's first humanoid in space; rode in the commander's seat of an uncrewed Soyuz to the ISS in August 2019.", "deployments": "Flew on Soyuz MS-14 to the ISS, 22 August-6 September 2019, and tested plugging connectors in weightlessness.", "summary": "A rescue humanoid controlled by an operator, with developing autonomous capabilities. ITMO reports a height of up to 180 cm and weight of about 160 kg (ITMO University, 2019).", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-948adf4065", "hs-dead50dacc", "hs-9ba602c997" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2016", "event": "The robot previously known as Avatar was publicly reported under its new name FEDOR by October 2016", "url": "https://www.mvestnik.ru/industry/pid201610124l/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "48 high-torque permanent-magnet brushless motors from Android Technics' own AT Drive line.", "sensors": "Gyroscopic system with 48 sensors tracking body position.", "battery": "About 60 minutes of continuous operation; for spaceflight it used the same batteries as Russia's Orlan spacesuits.", "software": "Linux-based real-time OS; copies a remote operator's movements (avatar mode with immersive teleoperation) and can do some tasks on its own.", "other": "About 182 cm and 106 kg; walks at about 4 km/h. Originally named Avatar and funded for Russia's Emergencies Ministry; flew in the commander's seat of an uncrewed Soyuz.", "sources": [ "hs-948adf4065", "hs-9ba602c997", "hs-dead50dacc" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Never sold", "where": "Russia; International Space Station (Aug-Sep 2019)", "customers": "Roscosmos (ISS flight); Advanced Research Foundation and Emergencies Ministry (sponsors)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2019-09-06", "title": "Soyuz spacecraft, humanoid robot return to Earth after 16-day test flight", "summary": "The uncrewed Soyuz MS-14 carrying Skybot F-850 landed in Kazakhstan at 21:32 GMT on September 6, 2019.", "publisher": "Spaceflight Now", "url": "https://spaceflightnow.com/2019/09/06/soyuz-spacecraft-humanoid-robot-return-to-earth-after-16-day-test-flight/" }, { "date": "2019-08-22", "title": "Russia launches FEDOR to the ISS", "summary": "Skybot F-850 flew on Soyuz MS-14 from Baikonur to help test robotic crew assistance.", "publisher": "Al Jazeera", "url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/8/22/lets-go-russia-launches-humanoid-robot-fedor-into-space" }, { "date": "2016-10-12", "title": "Avatar robot renamed FEDOR", "summary": "Contemporary reporting stated that the robot previously known as Avatar had received the name FEDOR.", "publisher": "Murmansk Vestnik", "url": "https://www.mvestnik.ru/industry/pid201610124l/" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/android-technics-fedor-2017.jpg", "author": "Post of Russia", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FEDOR_2021_stamp_of_Russia.jpg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:FEDOR_2021_stamp_of_Russia.jpg", "article": "FEDOR", "w": 640, "h": 640 } }, { "id": "boston-dynamics-atlas-2016", "name": "Atlas (next generation)", "maker": "Boston Dynamics", "makerId": "boston-dynamics", "country": "United States", "year": 2016, "date": "2016-02-23", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": 82, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Became the best-known demonstration humanoid of its era, with the first humanoid parkour (2018) and backflip/parkour routines (2017-2021) shown on video.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A smaller, battery-powered but still hydraulically actuated Atlas, about 5 ft 9 in and 180 lb, with lidar and stereo vision in the head. It was the research platform behind Boston Dynamics' famous parkour and dance videos until the hydraulic Atlas was retired in 2024.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-55e357225a", "hs-e79d4d38de", "hs-2a4daff860" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2016-02-23", "event": "'Atlas, The Next Generation' video released by Boston Dynamics", "url": "https://engadget.com/2016/02/23/boston-dynamics-presents-the-next-generation-atlas-robot/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold; in-house research platform" }, "components": { "actuators": "Electrically powered, hydraulically actuated; Boston Dynamics kept hydraulics because electric motors were not yet strong enough for a robot this heavy (IEEE Spectrum).", "sensors": "Body and leg sensors for balance; LiDAR and stereo sensors in the head for obstacle avoidance, terrain assessment and navigation.", "other": "About 1.75 m and 82 kg, much smaller and lighter than the DRC Atlas; demonstrated getting up by itself after a fall (IEEE Spectrum, 2016).", "sources": [ "hs-55e357225a" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Never sold; in-house research platform.", "where": "United States" }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-04-16", "title": "Hydraulic Atlas retired", "summary": "Boston Dynamics retired hydraulic Atlas after more than a decade of humanoid research and introduced a fully electric successor.", "publisher": "Boston Dynamics", "url": "https://bostondynamics.com/blog/electric-new-era-for-atlas/" }, { "date": "2021-08-23", "title": "Boston Dynamics's humanoid robot Atlas mastered a parkour track. But like a human, it took plenty of practice.", "summary": "A Boston Dynamics video showed two Atlas robots traversing a parkour course, including balance beams, slanted platforms, and backflips.", "publisher": "Boston.com", "url": "https://www.boston.com/news/technology/2021/08/23/boston-dynamics-robot-atlas-parkour-bloopers/" }, { "date": "2018-10-15", "title": "Watch: New video from Boston Dynamics shows robot doing parkour", "summary": "Boston Dynamics demonstrated Atlas jumping over a log and climbing progressively higher boxes using whole-body control.", "publisher": "Boston.com", "url": "https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2018/10/15/boston-dynamics-atlas-parkour-video/" }, { "date": "2017-11-16", "title": "Boston Dynamics' Atlas Robot Does Backflips Now and It's Full-Tilt Insane", "summary": "A Boston Dynamics video showed Atlas leaping between platforms and performing a backflip.", "publisher": "WIRED", "url": "https://www.wired.com/story/atlas-robot-does-backflips-now/" }, { "date": "2016-02-23", "title": "Atlas, The Next Generation video", "summary": "Boston Dynamics revealed the smaller, untethered Atlas.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/next-generation-of-boston-dynamics-atlas-robot" } ], "video": { "id": "rVlhMGQgDkY", "title": "Atlas, The Next Generation", "channel": "Boston Dynamics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/boston-dynamics-atlas-2016.jpg", "author": "Boston Dynamics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://bostondynamics.com/about/history/", "page": "https://bostondynamics.com/about/history/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 515 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/boston-dynamics.png", "author": "Cleanoxygenforeveryone", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BostonDynamics_Logo.svg", "article": "File:BostonDynamics Logo.svg" } }, { "id": "hanson-robotics-sophia-2016", "name": "Sophia", "maker": "Hanson Robotics", "makerId": "hanson", "country": "Hong Kong", "year": 2016, "date": "2016-03", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "social", "entertainment", "research" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "First robot granted citizenship by a country (Saudi Arabia, October 2017), making it the most famous social humanoid of its time.", "deployments": "Appeared at hundreds of conferences, TV shows and the United Nations from 2016; later versions added arms, hands and a rolling or legged lower body.", "summary": "A lifelike humanoid head and torso with expressive rubber skin, mostly scripted or teleoperated conversation, built by David Hanson's Hong Kong company. Body variants over the years include a seated torso, a wheeled base and a version with legs.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-271151b1cf", "hs-a03a8e6daf" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2016-03", "event": "Public debut at South by Southwest", "url": "https://www.kpmgevents.gr/el/speakers/sophia/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not sold; appearances and licensing" }, "components": { "actuators": "Servos throughout: in the head and face five Dynamixel XM430 and 23 Xpert servos, eyes two Hitec HS-65MG, neck three XM430, and per arm a mix of Dynamixel MX64/MX106/XM430, Xpert and MKS servos.", "hands": "Servo-driven fingers with touch sensors; 15 DoF per arm and hand.", "sensors": "Custom wide-angle 1080p chest camera, Intel RealSense depth camera, two 720p eye cameras, USB microphone and audio-localisation array, joint angle and force sensors in the arms, finger touch sensors and an IMU.", "compute": "3 GHz Intel Core i7 with 32 GB RAM and integrated GPU.", "battery": "24 V lithium-polymer battery or 110/220 V mains supply.", "materials": "Frubber actuated skin over carbon fibre, CNC aluminium, steel, Spectra fibre, Delrin, acrylic, polycarbonate and 3D-printed parts.", "software": "Facial and speech recognition, natural language processing, speech synthesis and motion control; eye cameras and a chest 3D sensor provide vision (Associated Press, 2018). OpenCog integrated with Hanson AI controlled Sophia in a structured dialogue experiment (Iklé et al., 2018).", "other": "Can animate more than 60 facial expressions (Hanson Robotics, 2018 press kit).", "sources": [ "hs-0e2fdcc2a1" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not sold; used for appearances, research and licensing", "where": "Appearances worldwide" }, "news": [ { "date": "2021-03-25", "title": "Humanoid robot Sophia’s NFT artwork fetches nearly $700,000", "summary": "Sophia’s digital artwork Sophia Instantiation, made with Andrea Bonaceto and accompanied by a physical self-portrait, sold for US$688,888.", "publisher": "Reuters (published by Daily Sabah)", "url": "https://www.dailysabah.com/arts/humanoid-robot-sophias-nft-artwork-fetches-nearly-700000/news" }, { "date": "2021-03-25", "title": "Humanoid robot Sophia’s NFT artwork fetches nearly $700,000", "summary": "The Sophia Instantiation NFT, accompanied by a physical self-portrait painted by Sophia, sold for US$688,888.", "publisher": "Reuters (published by Daily Sabah)", "url": "https://www.dailysabah.com/arts/humanoid-robot-sophias-nft-artwork-fetches-nearly-700000/news" }, { "date": "2018-01", "title": "Lifelike robots made in Hong Kong meant to win over humans", "summary": "Sophia demonstrated walking on robotic legs at CES 2018 in Las Vegas.", "publisher": "Associated Press", "url": "https://apimagesblog.com/blog/2018/1/16/lifelike-robots-made-in-hong-kong-meant-to-win-over-humans" }, { "date": "2016-03", "title": "Sophia — Hanson Robotics speaker biography", "summary": "Sophia made her debut at South by Southwest in March 2016.", "publisher": "KPMG Events", "url": "https://www.kpmgevents.gr/el/speakers/sophia/" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/hanson-robotics-sophia-2016.jpg", "author": "ITU Pictures from Geneva, Switzerland", "license": "CC BY 2.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sophia_at_the_AI_for_Good_Global_Summit_2018_(27254369347)_(cropped).jpg", "article": "Sophia (robot)", "w": 504, "h": 640 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/hanson.png", "author": "Hanson Robotics Ltd.", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hanson_Robotics_logo.png", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hanson_Robotics_logo.png", "article": "File:Hanson Robotics logo.png" } }, { "id": "robotis-thormang3-2016", "name": "THORMANG3", "maker": "ROBOTIS", "makerId": "robotis", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2016, "date": "2016-03", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 137.5, "weightKg": 42, "dof": 29, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "An open research biped from ROBOTIS built from its DYNAMIXEL-P servo actuators and run on ROS. It follows the THOR-MANG robots that ROBOTIS and Korean university teams took to the DARPA Robotics Challenge (2013 trials, 2015 finals).", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-c61a2a3845", "hs-ae6ce6d9b2" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2016-03", "event": "No reveal date found; earliest dated maker source is the ROBOTIS GitHub release of the THORMANG3 ROS packages (4 March 2016)", "url": "https://github.com/ROBOTIS-GIT/ROBOTIS-THORMANG-MPC" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "sold as a research platform; actuators updated to DYNAMIXEL-P in June 2019" }, "components": { "actuators": "29 DoF from DYNAMIXEL-P (PH series) actuators: 10 x 200 W PH54-200, 11 x 100 W PH54-100 and 8 x 20 W PH42-020 (updated to DYNAMIXEL-P in June 2019).", "sensors": "Logitech C920 HD camera, optional Intel RealSense depth camera, optional Hokuyo UTM-30LX-EW lidar, MicroStrain 3DM-GX4-25 IMU, two ATI Mini58 force/torque sensors in the ankles.", "compute": "Two Intel NUC computers with Core i5, 8 GB RAM and 128 GB SSD each; on-board wireless router.", "battery": "Two packs: 22 V 22,000 mAh and 18.5 V 11,000 mAh.", "materials": "137.5 cm tall, 42 kg.", "software": "Ubuntu LTS with ROS (Kinetic and Melodic packages); open-source motion, walking, balance and manipulation packages on GitHub under Apache-2.0.", "sources": [ "hs-c61a2a3845", "hs-ae6ce6d9b2" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sold commercially as a research platform; unit count not reported", "where": "South Korea (ROBOTIS)", "customers": "University and institute research labs" }, "video": { "id": "clVBfVO_ik0", "title": "THORMANG3", "channel": "ROBOTIS" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/robotis-thormang3-2016.jpg", "author": "ROBOTIS", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/platform/thormang3/introduction/", "page": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/platform/thormang3/introduction/", "kind": "maker", "w": 400, "h": 620 } }, { "id": "stanford-oceanone-2016", "name": "OceanOne", "maker": "Stanford University (Khatib lab)", "makerId": "stanford-university", "country": "United States", "year": 2016, "date": "2016-04", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "First humanoid diving robot to explore a shipwreck, recovering a vase from King Louis XIV's flagship La Lune.", "deployments": "Dove to the La Lune wreck off southern France in April 2016.", "summary": "An underwater robot with a humanoid torso, two arms and three-fingered hands on a thruster-driven 'tail', teleoperated with stereo vision and haptic feedback. Locomotion is by thrusters (recorded as static).", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-6f866deeb6", "hs-6acc507522" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2016-04", "event": "Maiden dive to the wreck of La Lune, Mediterranean, with DRASSM (vase recovered 15 April)", "url": "https://khatib.stanford.edu/ocean-one.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Eight thrusters for the body; two fully articulated arms that automatically adjust to keep the hands steady as the body drifts.", "hands": "Three-fingered hands (IEEE Spectrum) with force sensors whose readings are passed to the pilot as touch.", "sensors": "Stereoscopic cameras plus force sensors in the hands.", "software": "Haptic telepresence: the pilot uses haptic joysticks to feel the weight of held objects and can communicate with gestures.", "other": "About 1.5 m long end to end, a hybrid of humanoid and underwater remotely operated vehicle; first worked at about 100 m depth.", "sources": [ "hs-6969cf5348", "hs-fb1b90a7b0", "hs-6f866deeb6", "hs-6acc507522" ] }, "production": { "built": "One prototype (OceanOneK followed later).", "sold": "Never sold.", "where": "France (Mediterranean); United States", "customers": "DRASSM (French underwater archaeology agency), La Lune expedition 2016" }, "news": [ { "date": "2016-12", "title": "Ocean One paper published", "summary": "IEEE Robotics and Automation Magazine described the robot as an avatar for ocean discovery.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/stanford-humanoid-submarine-robot" }, { "date": "2016-04-15", "title": "Ocean One recovers a vase from La Lune", "summary": "On its maiden dive it retrieved a vase from Louis XIV's sunken flagship off southern France.", "publisher": "Stanford Robotics Lab (Khatib)", "url": "https://khatib.stanford.edu/ocean-one.html" } ], "video": { "id": "p1HmgP9l4VY", "title": "Stanford's humanoid robot explores an abandoned shipwreck", "channel": "Stanford (@stanford)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/stanford-oceanone-2016.jpg", "author": "Stanford Robotics Lab (Oussama Khatib), Stanford University", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://khatib.stanford.edu/ocean-one.html", "page": "https://khatib.stanford.edu/ocean-one.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 768, "h": 966 } }, { "id": "hitachi-emiew3-2016", "name": "EMIEW3", "maker": "Hitachi", "makerId": "hitachi", "country": "Japan", "year": 2016, "date": "2016-04-08", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "retail", "social" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 90, "weightKg": 15, "dof": 23, "speedKmh": 6, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A child-sized customer-service humanoid that rolls on wheeled feet, guides visitors at airports and shops and can get back up by itself after a fall. It closely resembles its predecessor EMIEW2.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-3015b01ef4" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2016-04-08", "event": "Hitachi press announcement, Tokyo", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "offered to business customers for proof-of-concept trials; not sold to consumers" }, "components": { "actuators": "21 DC motors; 23 DoF (head 3, arms 5 each, hands 1 each, legs 3 each, wheels 2). Each foot has a wheel plus a small caster.", "hands": "Simple 1-DoF grippers, slightly redesigned from EMIEW2.", "sensors": "HD camera, laser range finder (LIDAR fitted through a cut-out in the neck), 14-channel microphone array; can also use network cameras installed in the building as extra eyes.", "compute": "On-board computer for motion control and networking; an external 'remote brain' (cloud) handles navigation, voice, image and language processing.", "battery": "Lithium-iron-phosphate battery; about 3 hours of operation.", "materials": "Hard plastic and soft rubber exterior over a metal and plastic frame.", "software": "Hitachi 'remote brain' robotics IT platform: one system monitors and controls several robots at different sites, shares information between them and can send recovery instructions after a failure. Speech recognition and translation that copes with street noise; predictive collision avoidance carried over from EMIEW2.", "other": "90 cm tall, 15 kg, keeps pace with walkers at up to 6 km/h, crosses 15 mm floor steps and can stand back up after being knocked over (new in EMIEW3). Depends on network connectivity for its smarts.", "sources": [ "hs-3015b01ef4", "hs-5d0d071574", "hs-c07be7027c" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Offered to business customers for proof-of-concept trials; no price published", "where": "Hitachi, Japan", "customers": "Unnamed proof-of-concept customers (Hitachi said it had some)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2016-04", "title": "EMIEW gets an upgrade to help tourists", "summary": "IEEE Spectrum noted the new LIDAR, caster feet and self-righting ability, and flagged Wi-Fi lag as a risk.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/hitachi-upgrades-emiew-robot-to-help-clueless-american-tourists" }, { "date": "2014-04", "title": "Predecessor EMIEW2 learns office navigation", "summary": "An update let EMIEW2 learn busy spots and follow speed and direction zones around an office.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/hitachi-emiew-robot-learns-to-navigate-around-the-office" } ], "video": { "id": "a6HKX5HYE6Y", "title": "Humanoid Robot “EMIEW3” and Robotics IT Platform for Customer Services - Hitachi", "channel": "Hitachi (official brand channel)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/hitachi-emiew3-2016.jpg", "author": "Hitachi", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.hitachi.com/adobe/dynamicmedia/deliver/dm-aid--635db079-edda-4845-973a-76063b3b93c6/160408-1.jpg", "page": "https://www.hitachi.com/adobe/dynamicmedia/deliver/dm-aid--635db079-edda-4845-973a-76063b3b93c6/160408-1.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 550, "h": 228 } }, { "id": "ustc-jia-jia-2016", "name": "Jia Jia", "maker": "University of Science and Technology of China", "makerId": "university-of-science", "country": "China", "year": 2016, "date": "2016-04-15", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "social", "research" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "One of China's first widely publicised lifelike female androids.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A realistic android with synced lips, moving eyes and basic conversation, built over three years by Chen Xiaoping's team; the team said it had no plans for mass production.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-1a2b568be4" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2016-04-15", "event": "Launch event in Hefei, Anhui", "url": "https://www.foxnews.com/tech/researchers-in-china-introduce-jia-jia-the-robot-goddess.amp" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Moving arms, naturally rolling eyes and lips synced with speech (Fox News).", "materials": "Flexible plastic face with long hair (Fox News).", "software": "Basic speech; the team planned AI upgrades such as facial-expression recognition (Fox News).", "sources": [ "hs-1a2b568be4" ] }, "production": { "built": "Research prototype; count not published", "where": "China" }, "news": [ { "date": "2016-04-21", "title": "Shown at Shanghai International Technology Fair", "summary": "Jia Jia was scheduled to appear at the fair days after launch.", "publisher": "Fox News", "url": "https://www.foxnews.com/tech/researchers-in-china-introduce-jia-jia-the-robot-goddess.amp" }, { "date": "2016-04-15", "title": "USTC unveils Jia Jia in Hefei", "summary": "Chen Xiaoping's team introduced the android after about three years of work.", "publisher": "Fox News", "url": "https://www.foxnews.com/tech/researchers-in-china-introduce-jia-jia-the-robot-goddess.amp" } ], "video": { "id": "2Aa-vmn9acw", "title": "New Interactive Robot Goddesses Unveiled in East China", "channel": "CCTV Video News Agency" } }, { "id": "iit-r1-2016", "name": "R1", "maker": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Giorgio Metta's team", "makerId": "istituto-italiano-di-tecnologia", "country": "Italy", "year": 2016, "date": "2016-07-19", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "home", "research", "healthcare" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 125, "weightKg": 50, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 1.5, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "IIT projected a consumer price of about 4,000-5,000 euros (2017); no confirmed retail sale found", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled home-assistant humanoid with a screen face showing stylised expressions and two pincer hands lifting up to 1.5 kg; its torso extends from 125 cm to 140 cm to reach objects. Built by 22 IIT scientists with outside designers as a far cheaper sibling of iCub, it was targeted for large-scale production by the end of 2017.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-327b26c59e", "hs-56ad028290", "hs-511aa25e68" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2016-07-19", "event": "IIT presentation in Genoa", "url": "https://www.ansa.it/english/news/science_tecnology/2016/07/19/iit-develops-humanoid-robot_00fed30a-fff8-4dc1-b88a-0a48ea9defbd.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/iit-r1-2016.jpg", "author": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:P058324-131066.jpg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:P058324-131066.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 667 } }, { "id": "qihan-sanbot-elf-2016", "name": "Sanbot Elf", "maker": "Qihan Technology", "makerId": "qihan", "country": "China", "year": 2016, "date": "2016-09-02", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "retail", "social", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 90, "weightKg": 19, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 4, "priceUsd": 5000, "priceNote": "Hardware about USD 5,000 in China (The Robot Report, Nov 2016); TechCrunch quoted 45,000 yuan (about USD 6,000); also offered as robots-as-a-service", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "About ten units were put to work at China's Gongbei port of entry in 2016 answering travellers' questions in 28 languages and flagging suspicious behaviour for customs.", "summary": "A 90 cm wheeled service robot with a rounded head, a chest screen and two short swinging arms, sold for reception, retail and security work. It talks with visitors, navigates on its own and can stream video.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-ad75704b51" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2016-09-02", "event": "IFA Berlin (first showing outside China)", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2016/09/02/to-serve-and-protect" }, "released": { "date": "2015", "note": "In production in China since 2015 per The Robot Report; European launch at IFA 2016, US launch planned around CES 2017" }, "components": { "actuators": "Three omni wheels (top speed about 2.9 km/h), motorised head and two short flipper arms.", "hands": "No hands; flipper arms (an updated version with articulated hands was announced for China in 2016).", "sensors": "Head: 7 microphones, 2 RGB cameras (Sony front cameras), a 3D depth sensor, 7 touch sensors; gyroscope, electronic compass, infrared obstacle sensors and touch sensors in body, hands and base. HD projector in the back of the head.", "battery": "20 Ah / 300 W lithium-ion; about 4 hours at full load, over 10 hours standby.", "materials": "90.2 cm tall, 19 kg; 10.1-inch 1080p touchscreen (Sharp) on the chest.", "software": "Open APIs based on ROS plus an Android SDK; cloud AI; IBM Watson integration and Nuance voice recognition in some versions; customs version handled 25 languages.", "other": "Sold largely under a robots-as-a-service model in China. Uses included customs and airport service (Gongbei port, Shenzhen Bao'an airport), retail, hospitals, security and education.", "sources": [ "hs-ad75704b51", "hs-6dd9218c57", "hs-f6ca1419cb" ] }, "production": { "built": "In production since 2015; Qihan claimed more than 70,000 units delivered in China (2016)", "sold": "Company-reported 70,000+ delivered in China by late 2016", "where": "Shenzhen, China", "customers": "Chinese customs and two Chinese airports, government departments and hospitals (as reported)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2016-11-20", "title": "Qihan readies Sanbot for the US", "summary": "The Robot Report said Sanbot hardware cost about USD 5,000 in China, over 70,000 had been delivered there, and a US launch was planned around CES 2017.", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/qihan-modifies-sanbot-service-robot-for-the-u-s-market/" }, { "date": "2016-09-02", "title": "Sanbot debuts outside China at IFA", "summary": "TechCrunch described the sensor-laden wheeled robot, priced at 45,000 yuan, as it sought European service customers at IFA Berlin.", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2016/09/02/to-serve-and-protect" } ], "video": { "id": "IHMW1QtCybI", "title": "Your next storyteller, Sanbot Elf", "channel": "Sanbot Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/qihan-sanbot-elf-2016-1.jpg", "author": "Jason_kwok7837", "license": "CC0", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Qihan_Sanbot_robot.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 458, "h": 898 } }, { "id": "jsk-kengoro-2016", "name": "Kengoro", "maker": "University of Tokyo JSK Lab", "makerId": "university-of-tokyo-jsk-lab", "country": "Japan", "year": 2016, "date": "2016-10", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": 56, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Cooled its 108 motors by 'sweating' water through a porous laser-sintered skeleton.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A musculoskeletal humanoid with artificial muscles and bones, 1.7 m and 56 kg, that could do push-ups for 11 minutes thanks to evaporative cooling.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-78b2af912a", "hs-299a15957a" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2016-10", "event": "IROS 2016, Daejeon", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/humanoids/this-robot-can-do-more-pushups-because-it-sweats" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "108 motors in a musculoskeletal (muscle-like) layout.", "materials": "Aluminium frame laser-sintered from powder, with porosity tuned from solid to porous so the skeleton carries water.", "other": "Passive evaporative cooling ('sweating'): deionized water flows through microchannels in the frame and seeps out near the motors; about a cup lasts half a day, roughly three times better than air cooling. Did push-ups for 11 minutes without overheating. 1.7 m, 56 kg.", "sources": [ "hs-78b2af912a", "hs-299a15957a", "hs-3fe92642b4" ] }, "production": { "built": "research prototype", "sold": "never sold", "where": "Japan", "customers": "University of Tokyo JSK Lab" }, "news": [ { "date": "2016-10", "title": "Sweating robot at IROS 2016", "summary": "JSK presented Kengoro's water-cooled skeleton at IROS 2016 in Daejeon.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/humanoids/this-robot-can-do-more-pushups-because-it-sweats" } ], "video": { "id": "RA4u_9FLzso", "title": "Kengoro the Robot That Sweats", "channel": "IEEE Spectrum" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/jsk-kengoro-2016.jpg", "author": "JSK Laboratory, University of Tokyo", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.jsk.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/research/kengoro.html", "page": "https://www.jsk.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/research/kengoro.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 902, "h": 677 } }, { "id": "iit-unipi-alter-ego-2017", "name": "ALTER-EGO", "maker": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (SoftBots Lab) and University of Pisa (E. Piaggio Research Center)", "makerId": "istituto-italiano-di-tecnologia", "country": "Italy", "year": 2017, "date": "2017", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "research", "healthcare", "care" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 120, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "In a 2026 pilot clinical study at IRCCS Maugeri Milan (Fit4MedRob project) supporting care of ALS and other neurodegenerative patients.", "summary": "A 120 cm humanoid avatar that balances on two wheels like an inverted pendulum, with variable-stiffness 'artificial muscle' arms and soft anthropomorphic Pisa/IIT SoftHands, stereo cameras and microphones; a clinician in a headset can drive it remotely or it can act semi-autonomously. An improved Alter-Ego X competed in the ANA Avatar XPRIZE.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-7872afab10", "hs-2e315184d9", "hs-e817d7c339" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2017", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/iit-unipi-alter-ego-2017.jpg", "author": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.unipi.it/en/news/alter-ego-bring-robotics-into-hospital-wards/", "page": "https://www.unipi.it/en/news/alter-ego-bring-robotics-into-hospital-wards/", "kind": "maker", "w": 900, "h": 600 } }, { "id": "kinova-movo-2017", "name": "MOVO", "maker": "Kinova Robotics", "makerId": "kinova", "country": "Canada", "year": 2017, "date": "2017", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 158, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 7.2, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 8, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Used in university labs such as Georgia Tech and the University of Waterloo for mobile manipulation and language-instruction research.", "summary": "A research mobile manipulator from Quebec's Kinova, pitched as a successor to Willow Garage's PR2: one or two removable 7-DoF JACO arms with 2- or 3-finger grippers on a telescoping torso (1.10 to 1.58 m), a pan-tilt Kinect head and an omnidirectional base with lidar, all built on ROS. A 5-hour charge gives a claimed 8 hours of use; top speed is 2 m/s.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-d34e4a8254", "hs-80c65dea75", "hs-0550ee462e" ], "canada": "Made by Kinova Robotics of Boisbriand, Quebec.", "firstShown": { "date": "2017", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kinova-movo-2017.jpg", "author": "Kinova Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/2020/https://www.kinovarobotics.com/", "page": "https://web.archive.org/web/2020/https://www.kinovarobotics.com/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "tokyo-robotics-torobo-2017", "name": "Torobo", "maker": "Tokyo Robotics (Yaskawa Electric subsidiary since July 2025)", "makerId": "tokyo", "country": "Japan", "year": 2017, "date": "2017", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 161.5, "weightKg": 120, "dof": 24, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 7, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Used in Japanese national R&D projects; demonstrated at Yaskawa's iREX 2025 booth linked to SoftBank's AI-RAN and a building-management system.", "summary": "A human-sized semi-humanoid with torque sensors in every arm and waist joint for force-controlled contact work: two 7-axis arms, a 3-axis waist, an optional 3-axis sensor head and an omnidirectional base, about 161.5 cm tall and 120 kg. Payload is 7 kg per arm in the worst posture; orders opened in late 2017 and a lighter new version is under development.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-1c07c4bfd0", "hs-9e58d0e48c", "hs-da353fb347", "hs-db01206b38", "hs-5bb320ca26", "hs-00c3eb53f1" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2017", "event": "Orders opened in late 2017 (first public showing not confirmed)", "url": "https://newswitch.jp/p/11895" }, "released": { "date": "2017-12", "note": "Tokyo Robotics began taking orders for the human-sized dual-arm Torobo at the end of 2017; the current full-body Torobo is listed as a 2022 product" }, "components": { "actuators": "Two 7-axis arms, 3-axis waist (pitch, pitch, yaw), 3-axis neck and 4-axis omnidirectional base; torque sensors in every arm and waist joint for impedance and force control. The 2018-era Torobo Arm used hollow motors from TQ Systems; the 2026 Torobo Hand uses the company's own cycloid reducer.", "hands": "In-house back-drivable gripper with grip force set by current limiting; hand or gripper selectable; a 10-axis four-finger Torobo Hand was added in 2026. Payload 7 kg per arm in the worst-case posture.", "sensors": "Optional sensor head with ToF depth camera, fisheye camera, wide-angle stereo camera and stereo microphones; joint torque sensors throughout.", "compute": "One control PC as standard; optional PCs with NVIDIA RTX 4070 (head sensors) and RTX 5070 (ML training and inference).", "battery": "Built-in battery, up to about 3 hours; can operate while charging.", "materials": "1,615 mm tall, about 120 kg, 590 mm wide cart.", "software": "ROS-compatible with Gazebo, MoveIt trajectory planning, RViz, state machine, logging; simulation models for MuJoCo and NVIDIA Isaac Sim. Shown at iREX 2025 running VLA-model tasks over SoftBank's AI-RAN edge computing.", "other": "Current Torobo listed as a 2022 product on the maker's legacy page; orders for the first human-sized dual-arm Torobo opened at the end of 2017 (upper body about 10 kg on an AGV). Interfaces: digital and analog I/O, 2 Ethernet ports, 24 V tool flange.", "sources": [ "hs-1c07c4bfd0", "hs-db01206b38", "hs-9e58d0e48c", "hs-da353fb347" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sold to order; volumes not disclosed", "where": "Tokyo, Japan", "customers": "R&D users in steel, electronics, components and AI companies (for Torobo Arm, per 2018 report)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-12-23", "title": "Torobo runs VLA demo at iREX 2025", "summary": "MONOist reported Torobo executing AI-generated tasks over SoftBank AI-RAN and noted Tokyo Robotics became a wholly owned Yaskawa subsidiary on 1 July 2025.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2512/23/news026.html" }, { "date": "2018-02-02", "title": "Tokyo Robotics starts taking Torobo orders", "summary": "Nikkan Kogyo described the Waseda spin-off's human-sized dual-arm Torobo on an AGV and its torque-sensing Torobo Arm.", "publisher": "Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun (Newswitch)", "url": "https://newswitch.jp/p/11895" } ], "video": { "id": "839JGUNZTSw", "title": "Torobo", "channel": "Tokyo Robotics (@tokyorobotics9622)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/tokyo-robotics-torobo-2017.jpg", "author": "Tokyo Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://robotics.tokyo/technologies/torobo/", "page": "https://robotics.tokyo/technologies/torobo/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 792 } }, { "id": "ubtech-cruzr-2017", "name": "Cruzr", "maker": "UBTECH Robotics", "makerId": "ubtech", "country": "China", "year": 2017, "date": "2017-01", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "retail", "social", "healthcare" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 120, "weightKg": 45, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 3.6, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 8, "priceUsd": 35000, "priceNote": "RobotLAB (US reseller) purchase price, or Robot-as-a-Service from US$979/month; checked 2026-10", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Sold for retail stores, hotels, hospitals and offices from 2017; marketed for COVID-19 temperature screening in 2020.", "summary": "A wheeled service humanoid with a touchscreen face, gesturing arms, lidar navigation and an omnidirectional base. Height, weight, speed and battery figures come from a reseller listing.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-0a4f0e725b", "hs-b748507d4a", "hs-d3bde44d31" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2017-01", "event": "CES 2017, Las Vegas", "url": null }, "released": { "date": "2017", "note": "sold to businesses from 2017" }, "components": { "sensors": "LiDAR, sonar, infrared, 9-axis IMU and depth camera (RobotLAB listing).", "battery": "Up to 8 hours active use and 24 hours standby (RobotLAB listing).", "software": "Android and ROS.", "other": "11.6-inch touchscreen; Wi-Fi 2.4/5 GHz; 119.5 cm, about 45 kg. RobotLAB sells it for US$35,000 or as a service from US$979 a month.", "sources": [ "hs-b748507d4a", "hs-5b518f9c85" ] }, "production": { "where": "United States (via resellers such as RobotLAB) and China" }, "buy": { "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/commercial/products/cruzr-1s", "type": null, "label": "Inquiry form for Cruzr 1S (current Cruzr model)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "9kLt-ElGazQ", "title": "Cruzr: a Cloud-Based Intelligent Humanoid Service Robot", "channel": "UBTECH Robotics", "display": true } }, { "id": "agility-robotics-cassie-2017", "name": "Cassie", "maker": "Agility Robotics (Oregon State University spin-off)", "makerId": "agility", "country": "United States", "year": 2017, "date": "2017-02-09", "status": "discontinued", "purpose": [ "research", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 300000, "priceNote": "US$300,000, varying with application and quantity (undated)", "hands": "none", "firsts": "Later became the first bipedal robot to run 5 km (in about 53 minutes) using a learned running gait; included with a note because it is legs only.", "deployments": "Sold to university research labs.", "summary": "An ostrich-like bipedal robot (legs and pelvis only, no torso or arms) that walks dynamically outdoors in rain and on rough ground; it was the base for Digit.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-ca7b5c63d5", "hs-e8fd7d890a" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2017-02-09", "event": "Agility Robotics launch video", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/agility-robotics-introduces-cassie-a-dynamic-and-talented-robot-delivery-ostrich" }, "released": { "date": "2017", "note": "sold to research labs; initial production run sold out at launch (IEEE Spectrum)" }, "components": { "actuators": "Brushless DC motors with custom transmissions; 10 degrees of freedom (5 per leg) with a 3-DoF hip and powered ankles so it can stand still.", "sensors": "MEMS IMU plus absolute and incremental joint encoders.", "compute": "Intel Atom real-time control computer, microcontroller boards in each limb, and a spare Intel NUC i5 for customer software.", "battery": "48 V, 20.5 Ah pack for about 5 hours of mixed use (about 100 W standing, 300 W walking).", "materials": "Aluminium, thermoformed polycarbonate and carbon-fibre composite parts.", "software": "MathWorks Simulink Real-Time on the control computer; customers can run any software on the secondary computer.", "other": "115 cm tall, 31 kg, about 5 km/h. Designed to take falls without a safety gantry.", "sources": [ "hs-ca7b5c63d5", "hs-56c804fe4c" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Initial production run sold out at launch (IEEE Spectrum, Feb 2017).", "where": "United States and research labs elsewhere", "customers": "University of Michigan Dynamic Legged Locomotion Lab (among first units, 2017)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2022-09", "title": "Cassie achieves Guinness World Record in 100 meters", "summary": "Cassie set the Guinness World Record for the fastest 100 m by a bipedal robot.", "publisher": "Oregon State University", "url": "https://news.oregonstate.edu/news/bipedal-robot-developed-oregon-state-achieves-guinness-world-record-100-meters" }, { "date": "2017-02-09", "title": "Agility launches Cassie", "summary": "The Oregon State spin-off introduced Cassie, with its first batch sold out to research labs.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/agility-robotics-introduces-cassie-a-dynamic-and-talented-robot-delivery-ostrich" } ], "video": { "id": "CVcfNBYBYqA", "title": "Meet Cassie", "channel": "Agility", "display": true }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/agility-robotics-cassie-2017-1.jpg", "author": "Oregon State University, Flickr", "license": "CC BY-SA 2.0", "licenseUrl": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/oregonstateuniversity/52385889661/", "page": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/oregonstateuniversity/52385889661/", "via": "Flickr", "w": 1000, "h": 667 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/agility.png", "author": "Agility Robotics", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Agility_Robotics_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Agility_Robotics_logo.svg", "article": "File:Agility Robotics logo.svg" } }, { "id": "pal-robotics-talos-2017", "name": "TALOS", "maker": "PAL Robotics", "makerId": "pal", "country": "Spain", "year": 2017, "date": "2017-03", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": 95, "dof": 32, "speedKmh": 3, "payloadKg": 6, "batteryHours": 1.5, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "About EUR 900,000; no USD list price published", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Used by research labs such as the University of Edinburgh, LAAS-CNRS and the University of Waterloo.", "summary": "A fully torque-controlled biped (torque sensors in every joint), 1.75 m and about 95 kg, designed for heavy industrial research tasks; payload is per arm when extended.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-f6a194b879", "hs-f8ee2bbbac", "hs-af832fd5c4" ], "canada": "The University of Waterloo RoboHub operates a TALOS.", "firstShown": { "date": "2017-03", "event": "PAL Robotics availability announcement (IEEE Spectrum coverage cited)", "url": null }, "released": { "date": "2017", "note": "sold to research labs" }, "components": { "actuators": "32 high-torque brushless DC motors with torque sensing in every joint except head, wrists and grippers (PAL); the University of Edinburgh lists them as series elastic actuators.", "hands": "Two 1-DoF grippers (customisable); each arm lifts 6 kg fully stretched.", "sensors": "Joint encoders and torque sensors, force/torque sensors at wrists and ankles, IMU (Edinburgh says with a fibre-optic gyroscope), temperature sensors and a head RGB-D camera.", "compute": "Two Intel Core i7 computers; EtherCAT network running control loops at 2 kHz, up to 5 kHz (PAL).", "battery": "1,080 Wh lithium-ion; about 1.5 hours walking or 3 hours standby (PAL).", "software": "Ubuntu LTS with real-time OS; fully ROS-based with whole-body control on ros_control, OROCOS, MoveIt! and an open-source Gazebo simulation model; optional navigation, HRI and teleoperation packages.", "other": "Designed for heavy industrial research tasks.", "sources": [ "hs-636768e7a1", "hs-f6a194b879", "hs-f8ee2bbbac" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sold to research labs; unit count not published", "where": "Europe and North America (lab sites below)", "customers": "University of Edinburgh (SLMC lab); University of Waterloo RoboHub (years not stated)" }, "news": [], "buy": { "url": "https://pal-robotics.com/robot/talos/", "type": null, "label": "Maker's website", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "xUeApfMAKAE", "title": "TALOS - High Performance Biped Robot", "channel": "PAL Robotics (@PALRobotics)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/pal-robotics-talos-2017.jpg", "author": "PAL Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://pal-robotics.com/robot/talos/", "page": "https://pal-robotics.com/robot/talos/", "kind": "maker", "w": 897, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "uni-bonn-nimbro-op2-2017", "name": "NimbRo-OP2", "maker": "University of Bonn (Autonomous Intelligent Systems group)", "makerId": "university-of-bonn", "country": "Germany", "year": 2017, "date": "2017-07", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "education" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 134.5, "weightKg": 18, "dof": 18, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "none", "firsts": "Won the RoboCup 2017 Humanoid League AdultSize soccer competition and Technical Challenge in Nagoya.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A nearly 135 cm, 18 kg open-source adult-size soccer humanoid with a 3D-printed shell and Dynamixel MX-106 joints, light enough to run without a safety gantry. It is the grown-up successor of NimbRo-OP; the later NimbRo-OP2X (listed) is a separate upgrade.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-1d3068c9b7", "hs-5d95b1874b" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2017-07", "event": "RoboCup 2017, Nagoya", "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1809.11144" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/uni-bonn-nimbro-op2-2017.jpg", "author": "University of Bonn, Autonomous Intelligent Systems group (Team NimbRo)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.ais.uni-bonn.de/nimbro/Humanoid/", "page": "https://www.ais.uni-bonn.de/nimbro/Humanoid/", "kind": "maker", "w": 659, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "honda-e2-dr-2017", "name": "E2-DR", "maker": "Honda R&D", "makerId": "honda", "country": "Japan", "year": 2017, "date": "2017-09", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "research", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 168, "weightKg": 85, "dof": 33, "speedKmh": 2, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 1.5, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Honda's post-ASIMO disaster-response humanoid, able to climb ladders and walk in rain.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 1.68 m, 85 kg weather-resistant humanoid with a 1,000 Wh battery for about 90 minutes of work, designed to inspect plants and respond to disasters by climbing stairs and ladders and squeezing through gaps.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-356526d391", "hs-5b16b95dbc" ], "canada": "Unveiled at IROS 2017 in Vancouver, Canada.", "firstShown": { "date": "2017-09", "event": "IROS 2017 paper presentation, Vancouver", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/iros-2017-honda-unveils-prototype-e2dr-disaster-response-robot" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "33 degrees of freedom: 8 per arm, 6 per leg, 2 in the torso, 1 for each hand and the head; motors are cooled by a segregated air-cooling structure with ducts, fans, heat-conducting sheets and fins.", "hands": "Basic 1-DoF grippers made for climbing ladders and stairs rather than dexterity; each hand carries a camera and a 3D sensor. Honda planned wireless-enabled tools for manipulation.", "sensors": "Two rotating Hokuyo laser rangefinders, a monocular camera with a synchronised LED flash, an SR4000 time-of-flight camera and a stereo camera with an infrared projector in the head.", "compute": "Intel Core i7 CPU plus a discrete GPU; DC-DC converters alone draw about 226 W.", "battery": "1,000 Wh lithium-ion; about 90 minutes of operation.", "materials": "Thin 25 cm body that passes through 30 cm gaps; 0.5 mm optical fibres replace normal signal cables and survived a million twist/bend cycles in Honda's tests.", "other": "Dust-proof and splash-proof (no formal IP rating given): labyrinth-sealed, greased joints; walked 20 minutes in 26 mm/h rain; works from -10 to 40 C. 1.68 m and 85 kg.", "sources": [ "hs-356526d391", "hs-5b16b95dbc" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Never sold (prototype)", "where": "Japan (Honda R&D)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2017-10-02", "title": "Honda shows E2-DR disaster robot at IROS", "summary": "Honda presented a slim, weather-resistant humanoid prototype that climbs ladders and walks through rubble.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/iros-2017-honda-unveils-prototype-e2dr-disaster-response-robot" } ], "video": { "id": "uat8laSf7gc", "title": "Experimental Legged Robot for Inspection and Disaster Response", "channel": "IEEE Spectrum" } }, { "id": "kawasaki-kaleido-2017", "name": "Kaleido", "maker": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries", "makerId": "kawasaki", "country": "Japan", "year": 2017, "date": "2017-11", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": 85, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A rugged humanoid built to tolerate falls, first shown doing stand-ups and pull-ups at iREX 2017 on external power; later generations (2019) walked untethered on battery and were shown carrying people and loads.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-abbbd1323f", "hs-13baa9fd6c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2017-11", "event": "International Robot Exhibition (iREX) 2017, Tokyo", "url": "https://global.kawasaki.com/en/corp/profile/division/robot/history.html?wovn=es" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "software": "The 2022 version combines autonomous operation with remote control (Kawasaki, via New Atlas).", "other": "Kawasaki's Robust Humanoid Platform; the team has worked on it since 2015. The 7th-generation version shown at iREX 2022 weighs 80 kg, walks at 4 km/h, balances on a beam and can strike metal bars with its fists; handlers kept tether ropes attached during demos. A smaller 55 kg sibling, Friends, was built for safe interaction with people.", "sources": [ "hs-50f30b6ab7", "hs-b5c5a65c8e", "hs-13baa9fd6c" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Never sold.", "where": "Japan" }, "news": [ { "date": "2022-03", "title": "7th-generation Kaleido at iREX 2022", "summary": "Kaleido walked at 4 km/h and balanced on a beam; Kawasaki also showed the smaller Friends.", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/robotics/kawasaki-robots-irex/?amp=true" }, { "date": "2019-12-18", "title": "Kaleido at iREX 2019", "summary": "Kawasaki exhibited an evolved Kaleido with wider applications.", "publisher": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries", "url": "https://global.kawasaki.com/en/corp/newsroom/news/detail/?f=20191213_8048" }, { "date": "2017-11", "title": "Kaleido debuts at iREX 2017", "summary": "Kawasaki's humanoid made its first public appearance in Tokyo.", "publisher": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries", "url": "https://global.kawasaki.com/en/corp/profile/division/robot/history.html?wovn=es" } ], "video": { "id": "6k2_0kv-KKU", "title": "ヒューマノイドロボットRHP Kaleido / Friendsの軌跡", "channel": "Kawasaki Robotics JP (@KawasakiRoboticsJP)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kawasaki-kaleido-2017.jpg", "author": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://kawasakirobotics.com/jp/blog/202511_kaleido/", "page": "https://kawasakirobotics.com/jp/blog/202511_kaleido/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 456 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/kawasaki.png", "author": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kawasaki_Heavy_Industries_Logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kawasaki_Heavy_Industries_Logo.svg", "article": "File:Kawasaki Heavy Industries Logo.svg" } }, { "id": "akinrobotics-ada-gh5-2017", "name": "ADA-GH5", "maker": "AkinRobotics (AkinSoft)", "makerId": "akinrobotics", "country": "Turkey", "year": 2017, "date": "2017-11-04", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "social", "retail", "home", "care" ], "locomotion": "unknown", "heightCm": 165, "weightKg": 90, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Built in what was billed as Turkey's first humanoid-robot factory, opened in Konya in November 2017.", "deployments": "Mass production was announced at the Konya factory opening in November 2017, aimed at malls, fairs, airports, hospitals and homes.", "summary": "A 1.65 m, 90 kg host and helper humanoid from Konya that can dance, serve, grill meat, brew tea and deliver medicine, with depth sensing and person and object recognition. Its joints, electronics and software are all made in-house; sources do not state its base type clearly.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-d430e8c1b3", "hs-232c524086", "hs-919fc65fe1", "hs-14d7af5443" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2017-11-04", "event": "AkinRobotics factory opening, Konya", "url": "https://hurriyetdailynews.com/turkeys-first-humanoid-robotics-factory-opens-121923" }, "released": { "date": "2017-11-04", "note": "AkinRobotics factory in Konya opened and began mass production of ADA GH5" }, "components": { "sensors": "Depth perception with person and object recognition; reported hearing, smell and speech functions.", "battery": "About 2 hours of use per charge.", "materials": "165 cm tall, 90 kg; touchscreen for information and video.", "other": "Demonstrated dancing the Turkish 'erik dali' folk dance, grilling meat and fanning the grill, brewing tea, serving food, watering plants and delivering medicine; pitched for malls, fairs, airports, hospitals, bus terminals and shops. Development ran December 2016 to November 2017. Sister model ADA Mini was slated for an Istanbul airport.", "sources": [ "hs-d430e8c1b3", "hs-232c524086", "hs-919fc65fe1", "hs-14d7af5443" ] }, "production": { "built": "Mass production announced from November 2017; volumes not disclosed", "sold": "Not reported", "where": "Konya, Turkey (AkinRobotics factory)", "customers": "None named" }, "news": [ { "date": "2018-03-19", "title": "Akin Robotics plans mass-produced service humanoids", "summary": "Engadget profiled the Konya factory and the ADA Mini and dancing ADA GH5 for malls, hospitals and airports.", "publisher": "Engadget", "url": "https://www.engadget.com/2018-03-19-humanoid-robot-akin-the-big-picture.html" }, { "date": "2018-02-17", "title": "ADA-GH5 dances and grills", "summary": "DonanimHaber described the 165 cm, 90 kg robot's dance, grilling, tea and medicine-delivery skills and 2-hour battery.", "publisher": "DonanimHaber", "url": "https://www.donanimhaber.com/ada-gh5-erik-dali-mangal--97467" }, { "date": "2017-11-07", "title": "Turkey's first humanoid robot factory opens", "summary": "Assembly Magazine reported AkinRobotics had begun mass production of ADA GH5 robots in Konya.", "publisher": "Assembly Magazine", "url": "https://assemblymag.com/articles/94035-first-humanoid-robotics-factory-opens-in-turkey" }, { "date": "2017-11-05", "title": "AkinSoft opens humanoid factory in Konya", "summary": "Hurriyet Daily News said the factory opened on 4 November 2017 and had started mass production.", "publisher": "Hurriyet Daily News", "url": "https://hurriyetdailynews.com/turkeys-first-humanoid-robotics-factory-opens-121923" } ], "video": { "id": "n1QUV7haeqc", "title": "AKINROBOTICS'in son insansı robotu ADA GH5'ler artık aramızda...", "channel": "AKINROBOTICS" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/akinrobotics-ada-gh5-2017-1.jpg", "author": "İstanbul Robot Müzesi", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%C4%B0stanbul_Robot_M%C3%BCzesi.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 1000, "h": 667 } }, { "id": "toyota-t-hr3-2017", "name": "T-HR3", "maker": "Toyota (Partner Robot Division)", "makerId": "toyota", "country": "Japan", "year": 2017, "date": "2017-11-21", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "home", "care" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 154, "weightKg": 75, "dof": 32, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Showed full-body teleoperation with force feedback through a wearable 'Master Maneuvering System' in which the operator walks in place in a chair.", "deployments": null, "summary": "Toyota's third-generation humanoid, 1.54 m and 75 kg with 32 torque-controlled axes and 10-fingered hands, built to explore safe physical interaction for homes, hospitals and disaster sites.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-b09830e876", "hs-b2e488f419" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2017-11-21", "event": "Toyota press release, then International Robot Exhibition 2017", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/detail/19666346" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "A Torque Servo Module in every joint, combining motor, reduction gear and a highly sensitive Cr-N alloy thin-film torque sensor; developed with Tamagawa Seiki and Nidec Copal Electronics. Toyota's spec table lists 32 axes (IEEE Spectrum calls them 32 torque-controlled degrees of freedom).", "hands": "Toyota's spec table lists 10 fingers; no further hand details published.", "sensors": "Joint torque sensors that measure forces on and by the robot and feed them back to the operator.", "software": "Remote-controlled through Toyota's Master Maneuvering System: wearable master arms, a master foot for walking in place, a data glove and a head-mounted display showing the robot's view (16 master control systems, 16 axes). Self-interference prevention and whole-body balance control run automatically.", "other": "1,540 mm tall, 75 kg. The operator station itself weighs 170 kg. Force feedback lets the operator feel contact forces.", "sources": [ "hs-b09830e876", "hs-b2e488f419" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Never sold (Toyota research platform).", "where": "Japan" }, "news": [ { "date": "2017-11-29", "title": "T-HR3 shown at iREX 2017", "summary": "Toyota displayed the robot at the International Robot Exhibition at Tokyo Big Sight (29 Nov - 2 Dec).", "publisher": "Toyota Motor Corporation", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/detail/19666346" }, { "date": "2017-11-21", "title": "Toyota reveals T-HR3", "summary": "Toyota's third-generation humanoid, mirrored by a human operator with force feedback.", "publisher": "Toyota Motor Corporation", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/detail/19666346" } ], "video": { "id": "5dPY7l7u_z0", "title": "B-roll of T-HR3 (1)", "channel": "Toyota Motor Corporation" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/toyota-t-hr3-2017.jpg", "author": "Toyota Research Institute", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/19841525.html", "page": "https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/19841525.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "1x-eve-2018", "name": "EVE", "maker": "1X Technologies (formerly Halodi Robotics)", "makerId": "1x", "country": "Norway", "year": 2018, "date": "2018", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "logistics", "healthcare", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 183, "weightKg": 83, "dof": 25, "speedKmh": 14.5, "payloadKg": 8, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 150000, "priceNote": "US$150,000 for EVE r3 with pre-orders shipping the following year (New Atlas, 2019); later EVE pricing not published.", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Wheeled humanoid that worked night security patrols in commercial buildings, an early paid job for a humanoid.", "deployments": "Partnered with ADT Commercial in 2023 for guarding; 1X says EVEs work in sites guarded by Everon.", "summary": "Self-balancing two-wheeled humanoid with arms and a head, about 6 ft tall, used for patrols and simple tasks. Included for completeness: it predates 2023 but its security deployments and OpenAI-led funding were 2023 news.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-75ddb7e064", "hs-5de7060efb", "hs-767368d4d2", "hs-567b696e5f", "hs-b3d46c1bc0", "hs-07cad2cb8f" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2018", "event": "Halodi Robotics release of EVE", "url": null }, "released": { "date": "2023", "note": "in paid security service (ADT Commercial / Everon) by 2023" }, "components": { "actuators": "1X/Halodi's own electric actuation (1X says EVE was used to test its proprietary actuation); motor model and torque not confirmed in sources opened.", "hands": "Two articulated arms, each lifting 8 kg held straight (EVE r3); gripper design not published in sources opened.", "sensors": "Two Intel RealSense depth cameras (EVE r3).", "compute": "Dual Intel CPUs (EVE r3).", "software": "Semi-autonomous with human-in-the-loop telepresence: one remote operator can supervise several internet-connected robots.", "other": "Self-balancing on two wheels with a rear third wheel for fine work; top speed up to 22 km/h (EVE r3).", "sources": [ "hs-567b696e5f", "hs-75ddb7e064" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sold for security, logistics and healthcare work; EVE r3 offered at US$150,000 in 2019 (New Atlas).", "where": "Norway, United States" }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-01", "title": "Series B: 1X Secures $100M Funding", "summary": "1X raised $100 million with EQT Ventures participating; Samsung NEXT and existing investors also participated in a secondary transaction.", "publisher": "1X Technologies", "url": "https://www.1x.tech/discover/1x-secures-100m-in-series-b-funding" }, { "date": "2023-03", "title": "1X Series A2 funding announcement", "summary": "The OpenAI Startup Fund led a $23.5 million round to develop NEO and scale EVE manufacturing.", "publisher": "1X Technologies", "url": "https://www.1x.tech/discover/1x-rasies-23-5m-in-series-a2-funding-led-by-open-ai" } ], "buyNone": "No longer offered: 1X's site now features only NEO (EVE not listed); business fleets route to NEO.", "video": { "id": "20GHG-R9eFI", "title": "Humanoid EVE for Real World Manipulation - by 1X", "channel": "1X" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/1x-eve-2018.jpg", "author": "1X Technologies", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230115024452/https://www.halodi.com/eve", "page": "https://web.archive.org/web/20230115024452/https://www.halodi.com/eve", "kind": "maker", "w": 569, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "promobot-v4-2018", "name": "Promobot V4", "maker": "Promobot", "makerId": "promobot", "country": "Russia", "year": 2018, "date": "2018-01", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "retail", "social", "healthcare" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Promobot lists V4 case studies as a museum tour guide, a business-centre administrator and a hotel receptionist (years not given).", "summary": "The fourth generation of Promobot's wheeled service robot from Perm: a head on a turning neck, a chest touchscreen, a microphone array and moving arms on a mobile platform. It is sold for reception, concierge, promoter and guide work.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-ef072e2a86" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2018-01", "event": "Promobot V.4 presented at CES in Las Vegas", "url": "https://promo-bot.ai/about-us/" }, "released": { "date": "2018", "note": "Fourth Promobot generation released in 2018 with in-house face and speech recognition" }, "components": { "actuators": "Wheeled mobile base with a turning neck and moving mechanical arms.", "hands": "Simple mechanical arms for gestures (no dexterous hands described).", "sensors": "Video recognition camera, 3D scanning sensor, microphone array and obstacle sensors.", "materials": "Lightweight aluminium-alloy frame, steel moving parts and fireproof vacuum-formed plastic body panels.", "software": "Linux by default; from version 4.0 Promobot uses its own face and speech recognition instead of third-party engines; SDK for third-party developers; features include face recognition, speech chat, document scanning and form filling, e-queue integration.", "other": "A medical 'robot-diagnostician' variant built on V4 measures blood pressure, pulse, blood sugar and oxygen. Chest touchscreen and charging port.", "sources": [ "hs-ef072e2a86", "hs-6323eb93e3" ] }, "production": { "built": "Assembled in Perm's Morion technopark with about 80% Russian-made parts (company figures)", "sold": "Exported to dozens of countries (33-42 per varying reports); V4 unit count not disclosed", "where": "Perm, Russia", "customers": "Museums, a Moscow business centre, hotels, a State Petroleum Technological University, a secondary school, Dushanbe EXPO Center, Mexican event operator Dinero Operado" }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-05-27", "title": "Promobot V.4 starts as tourist-service guide", "summary": "A V.4 robot began answering visitor questions and suggesting routes at a tourist information service.", "publisher": "Promobot", "url": "https://promo-bot.ai/news/robot-tour-guide-started-working-in-information-and-tourist-service/" }, { "date": "2023-03-09", "title": "Promobot robot heads to Mexican malls", "summary": "Promobot agreed to supply service robots to Dinero Operado, with one already working in Mexico City and ten more possible.", "publisher": "Promobot", "url": "https://promo-bot.ai/news/promobot-robots-to-appear-in-shopping-malls-in-mexico/" } ], "video": { "id": "2pVZduex_1M", "title": "Promobot V.4 Promoter Robot | Promobot", "channel": "Promobot" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/promobot-v4-2018.jpg", "author": "Promobot", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://promo-bot.ai/robots/promobot-v4/", "page": "https://promo-bot.ai/robots/promobot-v4/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 606 } }, { "id": "ubtech-walker-2019", "name": "Walker", "maker": "UBTECH Robotics", "makerId": "ubtech", "country": "China", "year": 2018, "date": "2018-01", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "home", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 145, "weightKg": 77, "dof": 36, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "UBTECH's first full bipedal humanoid with arms (1.45 m, 77 kg, 36 actuators, 7-DoF hands), shown at CES 2019 as a future home assistant. A legs-only Walker prototype appeared at CES 2018 and is not counted separately.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-b0feda07f9", "hs-5b518f9c85" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2018-01", "event": "CES 2018, Las Vegas (legs-only version); full-body upgrade at CES 2019", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/ubtech-upgrades-walker-humanoid-robot" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "36 high-performance servo actuators (UBTECH, via IEEE Spectrum).", "hands": "Redesigned hands able to grasp; in the piano demo the fingers did not appear to be actively driven.", "sensors": "Voice, vision and touch interaction; can sense external forces; SLAM navigation with obstacle avoidance.", "software": "Self-balancing control with push recovery; company said it could get up after a fall.", "other": "1.45 m and 77 kg.", "sources": [ "hs-b0feda07f9", "hs-5b518f9c85" ] }, "production": { "built": "prototype", "sold": "not sold", "where": "China" }, "news": [ { "date": "2019-01", "title": "Upgraded Walker at CES 2019", "summary": "UBTECH added a torso, arms, hands and head to Walker.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/ubtech-upgrades-walker-humanoid-robot" }, { "date": "2018-01", "title": "Legs-only Walker at CES 2018", "summary": "Walker was first demonstrated as a lower body without torso or arms.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/ubtech-upgrades-walker-humanoid-robot" } ], "video": { "id": "xsEkhzH5FfU", "title": "CES 2019: Walker", "channel": "UBTECH Robotics", "display": true } }, { "id": "kit-armar-6-2018", "name": "ARMAR-6", "maker": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (H2T)", "makerId": "karlsruhe-institute-of", "country": "Germany", "year": 2018, "date": "2018-01-11", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "industrial", "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 10, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Designed to recognise when a human maintenance technician needs help and offer it, tested at Ocado's warehouses.", "deployments": "Tested at an Ocado fulfilment centre in the UK over about two years.", "summary": "A collaborative wheeled humanoid with a telescoping torso (working height over 2.4 m), torque-sensing arms that lift 10 kg each at full extension, and five-finger underactuated hands, built in the EU SecondHands project.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-19b15be26e", "hs-7d3aded6ae", "hs-a7a524886f" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2018-01-11", "event": "Prototype presented, then shown at CEBIT 2018", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "16 brushless high-torque DC motors (RoboDrive) with harmonic drives in custom sensor-actuator-controller units; 27 degrees of freedom (head 2, each arm 8, each hand 2, torso 1, mobile base 4) ARMAR entry.", "hands": "2 degrees of freedom per hand, driven by two motors each.", "sensors": "Roboception rc_visard 160 and two Point Grey Flea3 cameras for stereo vision, an RGB-D sensor, 6D force-torque sensors in the wrists; each arm joint has absolute and incremental position sensors, a torque sensor and a 9-axis IMU; two laser scanners in the base. Freethink reports five cameras and markerless 3D human pose estimation.", "compute": "Four PCs, each with an Intel Core i7-6700 and 32 GB RAM, plus an NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 GPU.", "battery": "48 V battery for 2-3 hours, or 220 V external power.", "materials": "Aluminium and 3D-printed parts.", "software": "Ubuntu 14.04 with KIT's ArmarX robot software framework; understands spoken commands and can anticipate what a technician needs.", "other": "Arms stop immediately when they sense a collision with a person. Developed in the EU-funded SecondHands project as a maintenance helper.", "sources": [ "hs-a7a524886f", "hs-f710d07f0e" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Never sold.", "where": "Germany; United Kingdom (trials)", "customers": "Ocado (tested at a fulfilment centre, about 2018-2020)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2020-05", "title": "SecondHands project ends", "summary": "The EU project that built ARMAR-6 wrapped up after trials with Ocado maintenance staff.", "publisher": "Freethink", "url": "https://www.freethink.com/hard-tech/ai-robot" }, { "date": "2018", "title": "KIT announces ARMAR-6", "summary": "The team presented ARMAR-6 as a collaborative robot for maintenance work.", "publisher": "Freethink", "url": "https://www.freethink.com/hard-tech/ai-robot" } ], "video": { "id": "5BEVluiEqcI", "title": "ARMAR-6: A Collaborative Humanoid Robot for Industrial Environments", "channel": "HumanoidRobots (KIT H2T lab channel)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kit-armar-6-2018.jpg", "author": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (H2T, High Performance Humanoid Technologies Lab)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://h2t.iar.kit.edu/397.php", "page": "https://h2t.iar.kit.edu/397.php", "kind": "maker", "w": 586, "h": 1000 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/karlsruhe-institute-of.png", "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_KIT.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_KIT.svg", "article": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology" } }, { "id": "toyota-cue-2018", "name": "CUE (first generation)", "maker": "Toyota Motor Corporation", "makerId": "toyota", "country": "Japan", "year": 2018, "date": "2018-03-28", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Debuted at Alvark Tokyo home games on 28 March 2018; the project became official work in May 2018.", "summary": "An AI basketball-shooting humanoid started in 2017 by Toyota volunteers in their spare time; the first version needed about a minute between shots and often missed. CUE2 (November 2018) added three-pointers.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-5cd1ddf192", "hs-e2107af8f2" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2018-03-28", "event": "Alvark Tokyo home game (B.League)", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/mobility/frontier-research/38848314.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Electric motors driving the throwing arm; Toyota gives no motor type or count for the first version.", "hands": "Simple fixed ball-holding hand; Toyota notes shot consistency depended on how the ball sat in the hand and left it.", "materials": "Resin exterior made by engineers at Toyota's Hirose Plant; team bought parts directly to keep costs down and built circuit boards with plant engineers (applies to the CUE series as described in 2019).", "software": "Goal described as an AI that works out the distance to the hoop by itself; no AI method named for the first version.", "other": "Built by Toyota volunteers in their spare time under the Toyota Engineering Society (founded 1947); needed a long reset between shots (Toyota gives about a minute in one diary entry and about three minutes in another). In its first TES demonstration it scored 9 of 10 shots.", "sources": [ "hs-5cd1ddf192", "hs-e2107af8f2", "hs-32bd633adf" ] }, "production": { "built": "1 (one-off research robot)", "sold": "not sold", "where": "Hirose Plant, Toyota City, Aichi, Japan (main development site)", "customers": "Alvark Tokyo (B.League) hosted its performances" }, "news": [ { "date": "2019-03-29", "title": "Toyota diary recounts how the volunteer CUE project began", "summary": "Toyota's first development-diary article traces CUE from a hobby project inspired by the manga SLAM DUNK to official work at the Frontier Research Center.", "publisher": "Toyota", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/28587721.html" }, { "date": "2018-05-01", "title": "CUE becomes an official Toyota project", "summary": "After starting as spare-time volunteer work in April 2017, the basketball robot project was made an official task.", "publisher": "Toyota", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/mobility/frontier-research/38848314.html" }, { "date": "2018-03-28", "title": "First CUE shoots at an Alvark Tokyo home game", "summary": "The first-generation robot made its public game debut at a B.League half-time show in Tokyo.", "publisher": "Toyota", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/mobility/frontier-research/38848314.html" } ], "video": { "id": "rlZReGFm53U", "title": "100%シューターCUE（キュー）登場！（ALVARK TOKYO）", "channel": "ALVARK TOKYO" } }, { "id": "telexistence-model-h-2018", "name": "MODEL H", "maker": "Telexistence (with KDDI)", "makerId": "telexistence", "country": "Japan", "year": 2018, "date": "2018-05-29", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 35, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "An early commercial 'avatar' humanoid letting a remote operator see, hear and feel through it over the internet.", "deployments": "Operated from central Tokyo to feed sea turtles on the Ogasawara Islands, about 1,000 km away (2018).", "summary": "A wheeled humanoid avatar with stereo cameras, binaural microphones and haptic sensors, driven by an operator wearing a VR headset and haptic gloves.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-674a25b219", "hs-a45a5ad1e0" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2018-05-29", "event": "Telexistence and KDDI joint press conference", "url": "https://tx-inc.com/?p=204" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "mass-production prototype; not sold" }, "components": { "sensors": "Stereo cameras, binaural microphones and haptic sensors (NACS).", "battery": "Battery powered (Telexistence); capacity not published.", "software": "Low-latency audio, video and haptic transmission over the internet using Telexistence's own cloud infrastructure; faster boot and startup (Telexistence).", "other": "Wheeled; operator cockpit packs the control computer, infrared 3D position tracking and VR/haptic devices into a compact portable case; operators wear a VR headset and haptic gloves (Telexistence, NACS).", "sources": [ "hs-674a25b219", "hs-562e0662d9" ] }, "production": { "built": "Mass-production prototype; count not published", "where": "Japan", "customers": "KDDI was strategic investor and joint presenter (2018)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2018-05-29", "title": "Telexistence unveils MODEL H", "summary": "Telexistence presented the avatar robot as a mass-production prototype with KDDI.", "publisher": "Telexistence Inc.", "url": "https://tx-inc.com/?p=204" } ], "video": { "id": "Ow-CItduNiM", "title": "「MODEL H」によるテレイグジスタンスデモ -AV Watch", "channel": "Impress Watch" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/telexistence-model-h-2018.jpg", "author": "Telexistence Inc.", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://tx-inc.com/en/blog/2018/05/29/204/", "page": "https://tx-inc.com/en/blog/2018/05/29/204/", "kind": "maker", "w": 667, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "uni-bonn-nimbro-op2x-2018", "name": "NimbRo-OP2X", "maker": "University of Bonn (Autonomous Intelligent Systems group)", "makerId": "university-of-bonn", "country": "Germany", "year": 2018, "date": "2018-06", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 135, "weightKg": 18, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "none", "firsts": "Won the RoboCup AdultSize soccer title in 2018 and again in 2023, the latter with 66 goals scored and none conceded.", "deployments": null, "summary": "An adult-size, open-hardware soccer humanoid built for RoboCup 2018 as the successor to NimbRo-OP2, with more computing power, new actuators and 3D-printed gears. It stands about 1.35 m and weighs 18 kg.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-1ed2ea4ebd", "hs-b3b7049311" ], "canada": "Won the RoboCup 2018 AdultSize tournament in Montreal.", "firstShown": { "date": "2018-06", "event": "RoboCup 2018, Montreal (won AdultSize final on 21 June 2018)", "url": "https://www.ais.uni-bonn.de/nimbro/Humanoid/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot; hardware and software released as open source" }, "components": { "actuators": "34 Robotis Dynamixel XM-540-W270-R smart actuators for 18 joints (12.9 Nm stall torque, 37 rpm); parallel kinematics in the leg pitch joints and 3D-printed double-helical gear transmissions in leg roll and yaw joints.", "sensors": "Logitech C905 720p camera with 150-degree wide-angle lens, 3-axis gyroscope and accelerometer, 12-bit joint encoders and joint torque sensing.", "compute": "Mini-ITX PC with Intel Core i7-8700T and NVIDIA GTX 1050 Ti GPU (768 CUDA cores), 4 GB RAM, 120 GB SSD; Ethernet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth.", "battery": "4-cell LiPo, 14.8 V 8.0 Ah, 20-40 minutes.", "materials": "Whole structure 3D printed by selective laser sintering in polyamide 12 (PA12) nylon; 135 cm tall, 19 kg.", "software": "Team NimbRo's open-source control and vision software, using the on-board GPU for deep-learning perception.", "other": "Open hardware; design changes cut estimated cost by 17% versus NimbRo-OP2, with parts priced in a similar range to a Baxter research robot.", "sources": [ "hs-e4ea3b28c9", "hs-1ed2ea4ebd" ] }, "production": { "built": "A few units for Team NimbRo; open-source design", "sold": "not sold (open-source design)", "where": "Bonn, Germany (with 3D-printing partner igus)", "customers": "Team NimbRo (RoboCup AdultSize champions 2018, 2019, 2022, 2023)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-07-24", "title": "NimbRo loses RoboCup AdultSize final to ARTEMIS", "summary": "UCLA reported its ARTEMIS robots beat defending champion NimbRo 6-1 in the 2024 Eindhoven final.", "publisher": "UCLA Samueli School of Engineering", "url": "https://samueli.ucla.edu/ucla-engineers-become-6-time-robocup-soccer-world-champions/" }, { "date": "2020-10-19", "title": "Extended NimbRo-OP2X paper on arXiv", "summary": "Bonn's AIS group described the affordable 3D-printed adult-size platform for research use.", "publisher": "arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.09308" }, { "date": "2018-10-19", "title": "NimbRo-OP2X paper published", "summary": "The team detailed the 135 cm, 19 kg open-source robot with GPU computing after its RoboCup 2018 win.", "publisher": "arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.08395" } ], "video": { "id": "qmYSt3nVJpA", "title": "NimbRo-OP2X: Adult-sized Open-source 3D Printed Humanoid Robot", "channel": "nimbro" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/uni-bonn-nimbro-op2x-2018.jpg", "author": "University of Bonn", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.ais.uni-bonn.de/nimbro/Humanoid/", "page": "https://www.ais.uni-bonn.de/nimbro/Humanoid/", "kind": "maker", "w": 667, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "disney-stuntronics-2018", "name": "Stuntronics", "maker": "Walt Disney Imagineering R&D / Disney Research", "makerId": "walt-disney-imagineering", "country": "United States", "year": 2018, "date": "2018-06", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "none", "firsts": "An autonomous humanoid stunt double that flips and poses in mid-air and lands repeatably.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A human-shaped acrobatic figure launched on a wire, using onboard sensors to time flips, twists and superhero poses; grew out of the earlier 'Stickman' research robot.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-6c32b47cc4", "hs-e384fbb1b5" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2018-06", "event": "Disney Imagineering video reveal", "url": "https://la.disneyresearch.com/stuntronics/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "in-house theme-park technology" }, "components": { "actuators": "Stuntronics tucks knees and pulls in arms to control somersaults and twists; its forerunner Stickman used pneumatic cylinders.", "sensors": "Onboard sensing (types not disclosed by Disney); Stickman used an IMU and three laser rangefinders.", "compute": "Stickman used an onboard microcontroller.", "software": "Aerial control based on conservation of angular momentum.", "other": "Untethered stunt-double animatronic of about 90 lb.", "sources": [ "hs-6c32b47cc4", "hs-e384fbb1b5" ] }, "production": { "sold": "in-house only", "where": "United States", "customers": "Disney theme parks (in-house)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2018-06", "title": "Stuntronics revealed", "summary": "Disney Research showed a stunt-double animatronic that flips and lands poses.", "publisher": "Disney Research", "url": "https://la.disneyresearch.com/stuntronics/" }, { "date": "2018-05", "title": "Stickman precursor revealed", "summary": "Disney first showed Stickman, a simple flipping robot.", "publisher": "Popular Science", "url": "https://www.popsci.com/disney-acrobatic-robots-stuntronics" } ], "buyNone": "In-house Disney Imagineering theme-park technology; never sold.", "video": { "id": "YGOY4KaLLNw", "title": "The Evolution of the Acrobat Robot: Disney Imagineers Invent Stuntronics Technology", "channel": "Walt Disney Imagineering" } }, { "id": "ishiguro-ibuki-2018", "name": "ibuki", "maker": "Hiroshi Ishiguro's laboratory (Osaka University / ATR)", "makerId": "hiroshi-ishiguro-s-laboratory", "country": "Japan", "year": 2018, "date": "2018-07-31", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "social" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A child android styled after a 10-year-old boy that rolls on wheels yet moves its upper body to look as if it is walking; built for research with no fixed commercial use. The launch report names the lab as an 'Intelligent Robotics Laboratory, Wakayama University', which conflicts with other descriptions of Ishiguro's lab.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-88020cf21e", "hs-4618d70909" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2018-07-31", "event": "JST ERATO Ishiguro project press release announcing ibuki", "url": "https://www.jst.go.jp/pr/announce/20180731-2/index_e.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "47 degrees of freedom in total (JST figure) used for gestures, hand signs and facial expressions; actuator type not published.", "hands": "Articulated hands able to make hand signs (part of the 47 DoF); no per-hand DoF published.", "other": "Rolls on a wheeled unit with a pair of eccentric wheels for side-to-side sway and a ball-screw actuator for up-and-down motion, imitating the shifting centre of gravity of a walking person; styled as a boy of about 10. Intended to grow into an autonomous conversational android that walks alongside people.", "sources": [ "hs-4618d70909", "hs-0e89d031b3", "hs-3b62cddfff", "hs-88020cf21e" ] }, "production": { "built": "1 (research prototype)", "sold": "not sold", "where": "Japan (JST ERATO Ishiguro project, Osaka University)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2018-08-09", "title": "Ishiguro's child android ibuki draws mixed reactions", "summary": "A trade-press report described the wheeled boy android as a research robot with no fixed application yet.", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2018/08/09/leading-humanoid-roboticist-unveils-new-android/18757/" }, { "date": "2018-08-03", "title": "IEEE Spectrum spotlights ibuki in Video Friday", "summary": "IEEE Spectrum showed the roughly 10-year-old robot child and noted it only appears to walk from the waist up.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/robotics-hardware/video-friday-professor-ishiguro-new-robot-child-and-more" }, { "date": "2018-07-31", "title": "JST announces child-like android ibuki", "summary": "Japan Science and Technology Agency released ibuki from its ERATO Ishiguro Symbiotic Human-Robot Interaction Project, describing a 47-DoF android with a walking-mimicking wheeled base.", "publisher": "Japan Science and Technology Agency", "url": "https://www.jst.go.jp/pr/announce/20180731-2/index_e.html" } ], "video": { "id": "blvMv9Qpj24", "title": "ibuki -Joy of living-", "channel": "ibuki - A child-like android (@ibuki-android)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/ishiguro-ibuki-2018.jpg", "author": "Hiroshi Ishiguro's laboratory", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.jst.go.jp/pr/announce/20180731-2/index_e.html", "page": "https://www.jst.go.jp/pr/announce/20180731-2/index_e.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 420, "h": 630 } }, { "id": "diligent-robotics-moxi-2018", "name": "Moxi", "maker": "Diligent Robotics", "makerId": "diligent", "country": "United States", "year": 2018, "date": "2018-09", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "healthcare", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 16, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "One of the first socially designed robots to work full time beside hospital nurses.", "deployments": "Tested in four Texas hospitals in 2018; first full-time customer in 2019; later reports cite more than 90 units in 25+ hospitals.", "summary": "A wheeled hospital assistant with a friendly face, a height-adjustable torso, one Kinova arm and locking storage, which fetches supplies, delivers lab samples and opens doors and lifts; it does not handle patients.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-0389488249", "hs-f8855cbaf1", "hs-1940e0da96" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2018-09", "event": "Prototype hospital pilot reported by IEEE Spectrum (beta testing at four Texas hospitals in 2018)", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/moxi-prototype-from-diligent-robotics-starts-helping-out-in-hospitals" }, "released": { "date": "2019-10-01", "note": "Beta testing finished; offered to hospitals on a robotics-as-a-service model (The Robot Report)" }, "components": { "actuators": "Kinova Jaco2 arm, Maxon brushed DC motors and Dynamixel motors; torso and head move on a telescoping pillar (IEEE Spectrum).", "hands": "Robotiq two-finger adaptive gripper (IEEE Spectrum).", "sensors": "Velodyne VLP-16 lidar, Intel RealSense depth camera for close range, RGB-D sensor in the head (IEEE Spectrum).", "compute": "Intel embedded computer with GPU and custom control boards.", "battery": "Docks and recharges itself without staff help (Diligent); capacity and runtime not published.", "materials": "3D-printed parts and aluminium.", "software": "Ubuntu and ROS; navigation stack from Fetch Robotics on a Fetch Freight base; detects failed grasps and retries (IEEE Spectrum, The Robot Report).", "other": "Opens security and automatic doors and rides elevators without building changes; LED arrays and a face signal intent; 152 cm extending to about 214 cm, 136 kg (Diligent).", "sources": [ "hs-0389488249", "hs-f8855cbaf1", "hs-1940e0da96", "hs-add711f3f8" ] }, "production": { "built": "About 100 robots deployed (Serve Robotics CEO, Jan 2026, via The Robot Report)", "sold": "Robot-as-a-service leasing; more than 25 hospitals and over 1.25 million tasks by Jan 2026 (company figures via The Robot Report)", "where": "United States", "customers": "Four unnamed Texas hospitals in 2018 beta testing (The Robot Report)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-01-20", "title": "Serve Robotics to acquire Diligent", "summary": "Serve agreed to buy Diligent for $29 million plus up to $5.3 million in milestones; close expected Q1 2026.", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/serve-robotics-acquires-diligent-robotics/" }, { "date": "2019-10-01", "title": "Moxi launched as a service after beta", "summary": "Diligent finished hospital beta tests and offered Moxi on a robotics-as-a-service model.", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/diligent-robotics-raises-seed-funding-launches-moxi-robot/" }, { "date": "2018-09", "title": "Prototype pilot begins in hospitals", "summary": "IEEE Spectrum described Moxi starting a pilot programme with hospital customers.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/moxi-prototype-from-diligent-robotics-starts-helping-out-in-hospitals" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://www.diligentrobots.com/contact", "type": null, "label": "Contact Diligent Robotics", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "TAS0LpNR-Gw", "title": "Meet Moxi the Robot from Diligent Robotics", "channel": "Diligent Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/diligent-robotics-moxi-2018.jpg", "author": "Diligent Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.diligentrobots.com/moxi", "page": "https://www.diligentrobots.com/moxi", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 527 } }, { "id": "engineered-arts-mesmer-2018", "name": "Mesmer", "maker": "Engineered Arts", "makerId": "engineered-arts", "country": "United Kingdom", "year": 2018, "date": "2018-09-11", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "entertainment", "social" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Built to order for museums and attractions; its technology became the base for Ameca.", "summary": "A system for building realistic humanoid robots from 3D scans of real people, with silicone skin, an anatomically modelled neck and animation software; adapted from Engineered Arts' film work.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-a8adbf9385", "hs-5a7d1c5ab6" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2018-09-11", "event": "Engineered Arts demonstration video", "url": "https://newatlas.com/engineered-arts-mesmer/56284/" }, "released": { "date": "2018", "note": "custom builds sold or rented to venues" }, "components": { "actuators": "2018 version: quiet motors with individually controlled acceleration and torque, and a neck of separate bending and twisting parts modelled on vertebrae (New Atlas). Engineered Arts' current Mesmer page lists 61 actuated degrees of freedom (27 head and face, 34 upper body).", "sensors": "2018: cameras, depth sensors, LiDAR and microphones (Engineering.com); sensors could detect people and reportedly estimate age and gender. Current page: two 8 MP eye cameras, spatial microphones, LiDAR safety sensors, proximity sensors and position encoders.", "compute": "Embedded robot PC plus a cloud-based robot OS (current Engineered Arts page).", "materials": "Lifelike artificial skin (silicone on the current version) over hardware designed to be serviced without damaging the skin; faces built from a custom 3D photogrammetry rig that scans real people.", "software": "Built on Engineered Arts' TinMan telepresence software with drag-and-drop animation onto a 3D model, remote control over the internet and Python for custom functions; now the Tritium suite (Yocto-based Linux, C++, Rust and Python).", "sources": [ "hs-a8adbf9385", "hs-5a7d1c5ab6", "hs-dd1be692c7", "hs-d992accc3e" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Custom builds sold or rented; no unit count published." }, "news": [ { "date": "2018-09-11", "title": "Engineered Arts shows Mesmer", "summary": "A demo video introduced Mesmer, lifelike humanoids built from scans of real people.", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/engineered-arts-mesmer/56284/" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://engineeredarts.com/contact-sales?inquiry_type_sales=Quote&robots_interest=Mesmer", "type": null, "label": "Maker's website", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "fM1xme3-42w", "title": "An In Depth Look At Mesmer", "channel": "Engineered Arts", "display": true } }, { "id": "aist-hrp-5p-2018", "name": "HRP-5P", "maker": "National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)", "makerId": "aist", "country": "Japan", "year": 2018, "date": "2018-09-27", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "industrial", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 182, "weightKg": 101, "dof": 37, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 13, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Demonstrated autonomous installation of a gypsum drywall board, a heavy construction task.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 1.82 m, 101 kg research humanoid with 37 degrees of freedom that maps its surroundings, picks up and carries boards, and screws them to a wall. Payload shown is a two-handed plywood panel.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-3a3f7abeb9", "hs-12dd525373" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2018-09-27", "event": "AIST press release; IROS 2018", "url": "https://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/list/latest_research/2018/20181116/en20181116.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "High-output motors with added drive-mechanism cooling, some joints driven by multiple motors; average joint torque and speed roughly double the revised HRP-2; hip range 202 degrees and waist 300 degrees (AIST).", "hands": "2 DoF per hand (AIST); each palm carries a camera.", "sensors": "Head-mounted sensors capture 3D measurements of the surroundings at about 0.3 Hz (AIST).", "software": "3D environment mapping, a CNN detecting ten object types at over 90% precision, AR markers for tools, whole-body motion planning, about 250,000 lines of code, tested in the Choreonoid simulator with daily regression runs (AIST).", "other": "Each extended arm bears 2.9 kg; carried a roughly 13 kg gypsum board; funded by NEDO and JSPS; uses Honda patents (AIST).", "sources": [ "hs-3a3f7abeb9" ] }, "production": { "built": "Research prototype; count not published", "where": "Japan" }, "news": [ { "date": "2018-09-27", "title": "AIST unveils drywall-installing HRP-5P", "summary": "AIST announced the 182 cm prototype that autonomously fixes gypsum boards to walls.", "publisher": "AIST", "url": "https://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/list/latest_research/2018/20181116/en20181116.html" } ], "video": { "id": "fMwiZXxo9Qg", "title": "[HRP-5P]Capable of working with heavy materials at construction sites", "channel": "産総研チャンネル" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/aist-hrp-5p-2018.jpg", "author": "National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/list/latest_research/2018/20181116/en20181116.html", "page": "https://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/list/latest_research/2018/20181116/en20181116.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 500, "h": 375 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/aist.png", "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AIST_logo_en.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AIST_logo_en.svg", "article": "File:AIST logo en.svg" } }, { "id": "akinrobotics-akinci-4-2018", "name": "Akıncı-4", "maker": "AkinRobotics (AkınSoft)", "makerId": "akinrobotics", "country": "Turkey", "year": 2018, "date": "2018-10-09", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "research", "general-purpose", "retail" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 37, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Presented by its maker as Turkey's first humanoid that walks by taking steps, built at what AkınSoft calls the country's first humanoid robot factory in Konya.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A walking humanoid with 37 joints (10 in the fingers), pressure-sensing hands, face recognition and speech in Turkish, English and Arabic, pitched for airports, mall security and service work. It was shown again in March 2019 with a new expressive motorised face, walking, turning and climbing steps.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-45744a5729", "hs-a8d6aa25da" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2018-10-09", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/akinrobotics-akinci-4-2018.jpg", "author": "AkinRobotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.akinrobotics.com/en/humanoid-robot-akinci-4", "page": "https://www.akinrobotics.com/en/humanoid-robot-akinci-4", "kind": "maker", "w": 520, "h": 390 } }, { "id": "cloudminds-cloud-ginger-2019", "name": "Cloud Ginger (XR-1)", "maker": "CloudMinds (DataA Robotics)", "makerId": "cloudminds", "country": "China", "year": 2019, "date": "2019", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "social", "retail", "care", "education", "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 158, "weightKg": 62, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Marketed for reception, tour guiding, elder care, cleaning and teaching; China Daily described it in service in Shanghai in 2023.", "summary": "A cloud-connected service humanoid with a head, two arms and a wheeled base, first shown as the XR-1 over 5G in 2019. Its compliant actuators and remote 'cloud brain' let it grasp objects, talk and guide visitors; one 2019 report wrongly or loosely called it two-legged.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-34a38847a3", "hs-e92eb86354" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2019", "event": "Shown as XR-1 in 2019; earliest dated source opened is MWC Los Angeles coverage, 22 Oct 2019", "url": "https://www.electronicsworld.co.uk/?p=14423" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "commercial service robot; price not published" }, "components": { "actuators": "CloudMinds' own Smart Compliant Actuators (SCA) as smart joints; XR-1 had more than 30 proprietary smart joints, and Cloud Ginger is described with more than 40 flexible actuators.", "hands": "Dexterous fingered hands with vision-guided grasping learned from human operator demonstrations.", "compute": "A central control unit manages joints and sensors and a robot controller links the robot to the cloud; heavy AI runs off-board in the HARIX 'cloud brain'.", "materials": "158 cm tall, 62 kg (Cloud Ginger, per China Daily).", "software": "HARIX cloud robot operating system (commercial since 2017) connected over a private 'nerve network'; later HARIX AGI platform and RobotGPT multimodal model; human operators can take over remotely.", "other": "XR-1 was demonstrated over commercial 5G (Sprint) at MWC Los Angeles in October 2019. Roles listed include reception, tour guiding, elderly care, cleaning, education and research.", "sources": [ "hs-34a38847a3", "hs-e92eb86354", "hs-324656777d" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sold and operated as a cloud service; units not disclosed", "where": "China (CloudMinds / DataA Robotics, Beijing and Shanghai)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2023-07-20", "title": "CloudMinds targets elderly care with humanoids", "summary": "China Daily described the 158 cm Cloud Ginger and the company's plan for a two-legged stair-helping humanoid by 2025.", "publisher": "China Daily", "url": "https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202307/20/WS64b867bda31035260b81761e_4.html" }, { "date": "2019-10-22", "title": "XR-1 runs over Sprint 5G at MWC Los Angeles", "summary": "Electronics World reported the cloud-AI humanoid with SCA joints and vision-based grasping at Sprint's booth.", "publisher": "Electronics World", "url": "https://www.electronicsworld.co.uk/?p=14423" } ], "video": { "id": "fLJyO_HKgtE", "title": "CloudMinds XR1 at MWC 2019", "channel": "Cloudminds Technology (@cloudmindstechnology5700)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/cloudminds-cloud-ginger-2019.jpg", "author": "CloudMinds (DataA Robotics)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.dataarobotics.com/en/Uploads/44/64ec5a67bc300.png", "page": "https://www.dataarobotics.com/en/Uploads/44/64ec5a67bc300.png", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 638 } }, { "id": "hanson-robotics-little-sophia-2019", "name": "Little Sophia", "maker": "Hanson Robotics", "makerId": "hanson", "country": "Hong Kong", "year": 2019, "date": "2019-01-31", "status": "discontinued", "purpose": [ "education", "social" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 36, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 149, "priceNote": "$149 Kickstarter price ($99 super-early-bird); 14 in (36 cm) tall, kept despite small size because of its Sophia lineage", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Funded on Kickstarter in 2019 with rewards promised for December 2019; actual shipping not confirmed.", "summary": "A 14-inch walking, talking STEM companion modelled on Sophia, aimed at children aged 7-13 (especially girls) and programmable with Blockly and Python.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-33af9df59a", "hs-81791bb696" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2019-01-31", "event": "Hanson Robotics announcement ahead of worldwide crowdfunding campaign", "url": "https://www.techlearning.com/news/hanson-robotics-announces-little-sophia-new-educational-stem-companion-for-kids" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "crowdfunded preorders; retail availability not confirmed" }, "rankExclude": { "metrics": [ "price", "height", "weight", "light" ], "reason": "A 36 cm toy-sized companion robot, so it is not compared with full-size humanoids." }, "components": { "compute": "Interfaces with a Raspberry Pi (Tech & Learning).", "software": "Programmed with Blockly and Python; lessons cover computer vision, deep learning and robotics; recognises faces (Tech & Learning).", "other": "14 inches tall; walks and makes dozens of facial expressions (Tech & Learning).", "sources": [ "hs-33af9df59a", "hs-f706d27c4c" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Crowdfunded preorders; units shipped not published" }, "news": [ { "date": "2019-01-31", "title": "Hanson announces Little Sophia", "summary": "Hanson Robotics announced the 14-inch STEM companion ahead of a worldwide crowdfunding campaign.", "publisher": "Tech & Learning", "url": "https://www.techlearning.com/news/hanson-robotics-announces-little-sophia-new-educational-stem-companion-for-kids" } ], "video": { "id": "7cGRPvN5430", "title": "Meet Little Sophia, Hanson Robotics' Newest Robot", "channel": "Hanson Robotics Limited" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/hanson-robotics-little-sophia-2019.jpg", "author": "Hanson Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "http://web.archive.org/web/20230106084221/https://www.hansonrobotics.com/little-sophia-2/", "page": "https://web.archive.org/web/20190324212435im_/http://www.hansonrobotics.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/littlesophiatherobot.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 781 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/hanson.png", "author": "Hanson Robotics Ltd.", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hanson_Robotics_logo.png", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hanson_Robotics_logo.png", "article": "File:Hanson Robotics logo.png" } }, { "id": "ai-da-robot-2019", "name": "Ai-Da", "maker": "Aidan Meller (Ai-Da Robot) with Engineered Arts", "makerId": "engineered-arts", "country": "United Kingdom", "year": 2019, "date": "2019-02-17", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Promoted as the first ultra-realistic humanoid robot artist to draw people from sight.", "deployments": "Exhibited at the University of Oxford in 2019 and at major galleries afterward.", "summary": "A realistic female humanoid built by Engineered Arts, named after Ada Lovelace, that draws and paints using cameras in its eyes and a robotic arm developed at the University of Leeds.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-89dade7e16", "hs-e1d0f8ca66" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2019-02-17", "event": "Press announcement; first public show at the University of Oxford's Unsecured Futures exhibition, May 2019", "url": "https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/meet-ai-da-the-robot-artist/4783051.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not sold; artworks sold (one for US$1.1 million at Sotheby's, Nov 2024)" }, "components": { "hands": "A robotic (bionic) hand and drawing arm; the original arm was built by University of Leeds students Salaheldin Al Abd and Ziad Abass, and a new arm in April 2022 let it paint from a palette.", "sensors": "A camera in each eye, used with computer-vision algorithms to make eye contact, follow people and sketch what it sees.", "materials": "Silicone skin, long dark hair, 3D-printed teeth and inner mouth, and individually placed eyebrow hairs; built on a RoboThespian-type body by Engineered Arts in Cornwall.", "software": "Drawing algorithms from AI researchers at the University of Oxford, a language model to answer questions, poetry generation and, from 2022, collaborative sculpture algorithms.", "sources": [ "hs-89dade7e16", "hs-e1d0f8ca66" ] }, "production": { "sold": "The robot is not sold; its artworks are.", "where": "United Kingdom and international exhibitions" }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-11", "title": "Ai-Da painting sells for US$1.08 million", "summary": "Ai-Da’s Alan Turing portrait A.I. God sold for US$1.08 million in Sotheby’s Digital Art Sale, which concluded November 7, 2024.", "publisher": "Artnet News", "url": "https://news.artnet.com/market/ai-da-sothebys-sale-1-million-2566733" }, { "date": "2022-04", "title": "Ai-Da demonstrates painting with a palette", "summary": "Ai-Da’s arm paints from a palette.", "publisher": "The Guardian", "url": "https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2022/apr/04/mind-blowing-ai-da-becomes-first-robot-to-paint-like-an-artist" }, { "date": "2019-05", "title": "First public show in Oxford", "summary": "Ai-Da appeared at the University of Oxford's Unsecured Futures exhibition.", "publisher": "VOA Learning English", "url": "https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/meet-ai-da-the-robot-artist/4783051.html" }, { "date": "2019-02-17", "title": "Robot artist Ai-Da announced", "summary": "Press coverage introduced the robot artist built by Engineered Arts for Aidan Meller.", "publisher": "VOA Learning English", "url": "https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/meet-ai-da-the-robot-artist/4783051.html" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/ai-da-robot-2019.jpg", "author": "Leemurz", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ai-Da.jpg", "article": "Ai-Da", "w": 640, "h": 426 }, "buyNone": "One-off artist robot; not for sale (only its artworks are sold)." }, { "id": "agility-robotics-digit-2019", "name": "Digit", "maker": "Agility Robotics", "makerId": "agility", "country": "United States", "year": 2019, "date": "2019-02-19", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "logistics", "industrial", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 18, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Ford became its first customer in January 2020, one of the first sales of a bipedal humanoid for logistics.", "deployments": "Ford received the first two production units in 2020 to test last-50-feet delivery; later versions entered warehouse pilots.", "summary": "Cassie's legs plus a torso, 4-DoF arms, sensors and more computing, designed to carry boxes (up to 40 lb in testing) in spaces built for people. Later generations are covered in other slices.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-e4fe548dfa", "hs-5f16c49398" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2019-02-19", "event": "Agility Robotics announcement", "url": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com/content/meet-digit-the-newest-robot-from-agility-robotics" }, "released": { "date": "2020-01", "note": "sold to businesses; Ford first customer" }, "components": { "actuators": "Brushless DC motors with custom transmissions; 16 degrees of freedom (5 per leg, 3 per arm) per the while Agility's 2019 announcement described 4-DoF arms.", "hands": "No hands in the 2019 version: simple arm ends for balance, catching falls and carrying boxes.", "sensors": "LiDAR, four Intel RealSense depth cameras, MEMS IMU and joint encoders.", "compute": "Two multi-core Intel i7 CPUs in the torso plus a payload bay for a third computer such as an Intel NUC or NVIDIA Jetson.", "battery": "Custom 1.2 kWh lithium-polymer pack.", "materials": "Aluminium, thermoformed polycarbonate and carbon-fibre composite.", "software": "Linux-based real-time OS on the control computer with planning and perception on a second computer; API available on board or over wireless; stair climbing and footstep planning.", "other": "175 cm, 65 kg; carries up to about 16-18 kg (40 lb, still in testing in 2019).", "sources": [ "hs-e4fe548dfa", "hs-5f16c49398" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sold to businesses from January 2020; Ford took the first two units (TechCrunch).", "where": "United States", "customers": "Ford (first customer, 2020); Amazon (testing, late 2023); GXO Logistics (Spanx facility near Atlanta; RaaS contract 2024)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2024", "title": "GXO Signs Industry-First Multi-Year Agreement with Agility Robotics", "summary": "GXO and Agility signed a multi-year Digit deployment agreement, described by GXO as the first commercial humanoid RaaS deployment.", "publisher": "GXO Logistics", "url": "https://investors.gxo.com/news-releases/news-release-details/gxo-signs-industry-first-multi-year-agreement-agility-robotics/" }, { "date": "2023", "title": "ProMat 2023 Recap", "summary": "Agility demonstrated the newest Digit version autonomously at ProMat 2023.", "publisher": "Agility Robotics", "url": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com/videos/promat-2023-recap" }, { "date": "2020-01-05", "title": "Digit goes on sale; Ford first customer", "summary": "Announced the night before CES 2020.", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2020/01/05/agilitys-two-legged-robot-digit-is-for-sale-and-ford-is-the-first-customer/" }, { "date": "2019-02-19", "title": "Agility unveils Digit", "summary": "Digit added a torso, arms, sensors and more computing to the Cassie legs.", "publisher": "Agility Robotics", "url": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com/content/meet-digit-the-newest-robot-from-agility-robotics" } ], "buyNone": "Earlier Digit version, superseded; Agility now sells only the current Digit (see agility-digit-2023).", "video": { "id": "CUhuhIeQNos", "title": "Digit: Curb to Doorstep Delivery", "channel": "Agility", "display": true }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/agility-robotics-digit-2019-1.jpg", "author": "Steve Jurvetson, Flickr", "license": "CC BY 2.0", "licenseUrl": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/jurvetson/51863923028/", "page": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/jurvetson/51863923028/", "via": "Flickr", "w": 790, "h": 1000 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/agility.png", "author": "Agility Robotics", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Agility_Robotics_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Agility_Robotics_logo.svg", "article": "File:Agility Robotics logo.svg" } }, { "id": "osaka-utokyo-alter-3-2019", "name": "Alter 3", "maker": "Osaka University (Ishiguro Lab) and University of Tokyo (Ikegami Lab), with mixi and Warner Music Japan", "makerId": "osaka-university", "country": "Japan", "year": 2019, "date": "2019-02-28", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "An autonomous android that conducts a human orchestra, setting tempo and volume and singing, in Keiichiro Shibuya's android opera 'Scary Beauty'.", "deployments": "Conducted and sang with a 35-piece orchestra in Tokyo (Feb 2019), in Dusseldorf (2019) and at the Sharjah Art Foundation (Jan 2020).", "summary": "The third Alter android, an upper body with a human face and hands but an exposed mechanical frame, developed by Hiroshi Ishiguro's and Takashi Ikegami's labs with software help from mixi and Warner Music Japan. It runs an artificial-life-style AI that lets it move and lead music on its own rather than following a fixed script.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-e9d36add3c", "hs-c364d07fc4", "hs-1e81430d72" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2019-02-28", "event": "Press demonstration conducting an orchestra at the New National Theatre, Tokyo", "url": "https://www.nippon.com/es/behind/yjj2019022801314/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Research and art android, not sold." }, "components": { "actuators": "Exposed mechanical upper body with servos and cables visible beneath a human-like face and hands (as described by the Dusseldorf premiere).", "software": "Autonomous AI from Takashi Ikegami's lab drives its movement; for the opera it set tempo and volume and sang, with software developed with mixi and Warner Music Japan.", "other": "Conducts and sings in Keiichiro Shibuya's android opera 'Scary Beauty', whose songs draw on texts by Houellebecq, Mishima, Burroughs and Wittgenstein. Built by Hiroshi Ishiguro's lab (Osaka University); predecessor Alter 2 premiered in Tokyo in 2018.", "sources": [ "hs-e9d36add3c", "hs-c364d07fc4", "hs-1e81430d72" ] }, "production": { "built": "One-off research android", "sold": "not sold", "where": "Japan (Osaka University and University of Tokyo)", "customers": "Performances in Tokyo, Dusseldorf (March 2019) and Sharjah (January 2020)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2020-01-16", "title": "Scary Beauty robot opera heads to the UAE", "summary": "The National previewed Alter 3's Middle East premiere in Sharjah on 31 January 2020 as part of Sharjapan.", "publisher": "The National", "url": "https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/on-stage/scary-beauty-japanese-robot-opera-comes-to-uae-1.965330" }, { "date": "2019-03-13", "title": "Alter 3 conducts German premiere in Dusseldorf", "summary": "Tanzhaus NRW staged the German premiere of Scary Beauty with the Japanese Philharmonic Dusseldorf at the Kunstpalast.", "publisher": "Tanzhaus NRW", "url": "https://tanzhaus-nrw.de/en/event/2019/03/keiichiro-shibuya-the-japanese-philharmonic-dusseldorf" }, { "date": "2019-03-01", "title": "Android conducts orchestra in Tokyo", "summary": "Jiji Press reported Alter 3 sang and conducted 35 musicians at the New National Theatre, Tokyo, on 28 February 2019.", "publisher": "Jiji Press via Nippon.com", "url": "https://www.nippon.com/es/behind/yjj2019022801314/" } ], "video": { "id": "ePIYMN6gbzs", "title": "Android Opera “Scary Beauty” Keiichiro Shibuya /アンドロイド・オペラ 「Scary Beauty」 渋谷慶一郎 日本科学未来館公演", "channel": "Keiichiro Shibuya" }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/osaka-university.png", "author": "ATR", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ATR_logo_2015.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ATR_logo_2015.svg", "article": "File:ATR logo 2015.svg" } }, { "id": "robopreneur-adam-2019", "name": "ADAM", "maker": "Robopreneur Sdn Bhd", "makerId": "robopreneur-sdn-bhd", "country": "Malaysia", "year": 2019, "date": "2019-03", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "research", "social", "healthcare" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": 44, "dof": 22, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Presented by its maker as Malaysia's first humanoid robot.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 44 kg upper-body humanoid from Cyberjaya with a visored head and 22 degrees of freedom across its upper-body joints including fingers, using AI voice recognition for conversation; first activated in March 2019 and displayed at the Beyond Paradigm Summit in Kuala Lumpur in July 2019. No legs or wheels are mentioned, so locomotion is listed as static.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-b3d999a0cc" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2019-03", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/robopreneur-adam-2019.jpg", "author": "Robopreneur Sdn Bhd", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.robopreneur.com/adam", "page": "https://www.robopreneur.com/adam", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 662 } }, { "id": "promobot-robo-c-2019", "name": "Robo-C", "maker": "Promobot", "makerId": "promobot", "country": "Russia", "year": 2019, "date": "2019-04", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "social", "retail" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 50000, "priceNote": "$20,000-$50,000 depending on options and custom appearance (headline maximum shown)", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Marketed as an android that can be made to look like any person, with 36 degrees of freedom in its face.", "deployments": "Promobot said in 2019 it had orders and was building four units, including one for a government service centre.", "summary": "A realistic android head and torso with 18 moving facial parts and over 600 micro-expressions; it cannot walk and is pitched as a consultant, administrator or greeter.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-91aa0d40b5", "hs-ded8e4aa57" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2019-04", "event": "Humanoid concept 'Alex' presented at Skolkovo Robotics conference, Moscow", "url": "https://www.promo-bot.ai/about-us/" }, "released": { "date": "2019-09", "note": "mass production started September 2019 (Promobot); sales announced October 2019; made to order; Promobot's site now says the humanoid project has ended" }, "components": { "actuators": "Mechanical 'muscles' move the eyes, eyebrows, lips and other facial parts (over 600 expressions claimed); neck and torso move, but it cannot walk.", "materials": "Patented artificial skin; appearance can be customised to look like any person.", "software": "Conversational AI built from a person's frequent phrases and context; greets and remembers people by name and delivers product information.", "sources": [ "hs-303bf3f8bd", "hs-57edb98310", "hs-ecdad5400d", "hs-8088be486d" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Four orders in late 2019 (Promobot statement to CNBC, via Interesting Engineering); mass production started September 2019 (Promobot)", "where": "Russia, with buyers abroad including a Middle Eastern family", "customers": "A government agency (unnamed), an Albert Einstein clone for a robot exhibition, and a Middle Eastern family (2019)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2019-11-03", "title": "Promobot sells robot clones of real people", "summary": "Promobot said it had four orders for Robo-C, including copies of a family's parents.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://www.interestingengineering.com/russian-firm-sells-autonomous-robot-clones-of-real-people" }, { "date": "2019-09", "title": "Robo-C mass production starts", "summary": "Promobot began series production of its android.", "publisher": "Promobot", "url": "https://www.promo-bot.ai/about-us/" }, { "date": "2019-04", "title": "Humanoid concept 'Alex' shown", "summary": "Promobot first presented the concept at the Skolkovo Robotics conference in Moscow.", "publisher": "Promobot", "url": "https://www.promo-bot.ai/about-us/" } ], "buyNone": "Discontinued: Promobot's site says 'The humanoid project is over. We are no longer accepting any applications.'", "video": { "id": "PXO0QGdC5AI", "title": "Humanoid Robot Robo-C | Promobot", "channel": "Promobot" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/promobot-robo-c-2019.jpg", "author": "Promobot", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://promo-bot.ai/robots/robo-c/", "page": "https://promo-bot.ai/robots/robo-c/", "kind": "maker", "w": 836, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "toyota-cue3-2019", "name": "CUE3", "maker": "Toyota Motor Corporation", "makerId": "toyota", "country": "Japan", "year": 2019, "date": "2019-04-10", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Set the Guinness World Records title for most consecutive basketball free throws by a humanoid robot (assisted): 2,020 in a row on 17 May 2019.", "deployments": "Debuted at an Alvark Tokyo vs Sunrockers Shibuya game; later versions CUE4 (2019) and CUE5 (Tokyo 2020 Olympics, 2021) added moving and dribbling.", "summary": "Third-generation basketball humanoid that shot about every 12 seconds and could score from the centre line about 12 m away.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-e2107af8f2", "hs-5cd1ddf192" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2019-04-10", "event": "Alvark Tokyo vs Sunrockers Shibuya, B.League", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/28595150.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Electric motors in the throwing arm; from CUE2 onward the motors were made smaller, moved inside the body and given more output to throw farther (Toyota). No count or torque published.", "hands": "Simple ball-holding hand; the team changed the follow-through so the arm no longer dropped after a shot, letting the next ball be loaded quickly.", "materials": "Resin exterior made by Hirose Plant engineers; about 600 m of wiring inside (Toyota figure for the CUE robots in 2019).", "software": "Shoots about every 12 seconds; Toyota describes AI that calculates distance to the goal, but names no specific method for CUE3.", "other": "Signature shot from the centre line about 12 m away. Toyota notes motor and power-supply current varies between throws and each throw nudges the robot's position, both sources of misses.", "sources": [ "hs-e2107af8f2", "hs-32bd633adf", "hs-5cd1ddf192" ] }, "production": { "built": "1 (research robot)", "sold": "not sold", "where": "Toyota, Hirose Plant, Toyota City, Japan", "customers": "Alvark Tokyo (B.League) performances" }, "news": [ { "date": "2019-06-24", "title": "Toyota explains how CUE3 hit 2,020 free throws in a row", "summary": "Toyota's development diary describes the 6 hour 35 minute Guinness attempt and the team's rotation every 50 throws.", "publisher": "Toyota", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/28595150.html" }, { "date": "2019-05-17", "title": "CUE3 sets Guinness free-throw record", "summary": "The robot made 2,020 consecutive assisted free throws, a Guinness World Records title for a humanoid robot.", "publisher": "Toyota", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/mobility/frontier-research/38848314.html" }, { "date": "2019-04-10", "title": "CUE3 debuts with a centre-line shot", "summary": "Unveiled at Alvark Tokyo vs Sunrockers Shibuya, its long shot went viral and clips passed 30 million views.", "publisher": "Toyota", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/mobility/frontier-research/38848314.html" } ], "video": { "id": "1u8Ij6jLnJU", "title": "CUE3 Close-up", "channel": "Toyota Motor Corporation" } }, { "id": "utokyo-jsk-musashi-2019", "name": "Musashi", "maker": "University of Tokyo JSK Lab (Kento Kawaharazuka et al.)", "makerId": "university-of-tokyo-jsk-lab", "country": "Japan", "year": 2019, "date": "2019-11", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "In 2024 its team had it drive a small electric car, working the pedals and steering wheel with its muscle-driven body.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A modular musculoskeletal humanoid built from standard joint modules, muscle modules and bone frames, with joint-angle sensors, muscle-tension sensing up to 500 N, force-sensing feet and fingertips, and a movable camera eye unit. It succeeds Kengoro and was presented at IROS 2019; a wheeled version, Musashi-W, followed.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-2e1af03eb4", "hs-257200b009", "hs-3009da7c01" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2019-11", "event": "IROS 2019, Macau", "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/2410.22000v1" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/utokyo-jsk-musashi-2019.jpg", "author": "JSK Laboratory, University of Tokyo", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://arxiv.org/html/2406.05573v1", "page": "https://arxiv.org/html/2406.05573v1", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 665 } }, { "id": "university-of-tehran-surena-4-2019", "name": "Surena 4", "maker": "University of Tehran, Center for Advanced Systems and Technologies (CAST)", "makerId": "university-of-tehran", "country": "Iran", "year": 2019, "date": "2019-12-14", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "education", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": 68, "dof": 43, "speedKmh": 0.7, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Fourth-generation Iranian research biped that climbs stairs and ramps, grasps objects with force control, copies full-body poses and can write its name; also used at public events to draw students into engineering.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-b3efa57203", "hs-295da58747", "hs-4be35cfdab" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2019-12-14", "event": "Official unveiling in Tehran", "url": "https://cast-tech.ir/surena-iv/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "21 custom actuators (harmonic drives, frameless flat high-torque motors, incremental and absolute encoders) plus 10 mini and 12 micro servo actuators; 43 DoF (head 3, arms 7x2, hands 6x2, waist 2, legs 6x2).", "hands": "Two hands with 6 DoF each; force-controlled grip, shown holding a water bottle and a pen to write its name and, per IEEE Spectrum, able to handle delicate items and power tools.", "sensors": "Stereo cameras; 6-axis force/torque sensors in the ankles; custom force/contact sensors in the soles; IMU, gyroscope and accelerometers; joint encoders and current sensors; microphone.", "compute": "Intel Core i7 2.8 GHz CPU, NVIDIA GTX 1060 6 GB GPU, FPGA boards and microcontrollers; control loop raised to 200 Hz with the FPGA.", "battery": "Two 22.2 V 10,000 mAh lithium-polymer packs; about 30 minutes of operation.", "materials": "AZ91 magnesium alloy, aluminium and carbon-fibre core structure with topology-optimised parts; SLA 3D-printed outer shell.", "software": "Ubuntu Linux, ROS, C++/Python control applications; simulated in Gazebo, Choreonoid and MATLAB; whole-body controller for push recovery; face/object detection and tracking, skeleton imitation, speech-to-text and text-to-speech; code published on the CAST-Robotics GitHub.", "other": "About 1.7 m and 68 kg, lighter than Surena III (98 kg); walks at 0.7 km/h, up from 0.3 km/h. Built by more than 50 researchers at CAST led by Prof. Aghil Yousefi-Koma over about four years (IEEE Spectrum, 2020).", "sources": [ "hs-4be35cfdab", "hs-295da58747" ] }, "production": { "built": "1 (research prototype)", "sold": "not sold", "where": "Center for Advanced Systems and Technologies (CAST), University of Tehran, Iran" }, "news": [ { "date": "2020-02-13", "title": "IEEE Spectrum details Iran's Surena IV", "summary": "IEEE Spectrum reported the new adult-size biped's stereo vision, extra hand DoF and faster walking after footage of its late-2019 unveiling emerged.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/iran-surena-iv-humanoid-robot" }, { "date": "2019-12-14", "title": "Surena IV", "summary": "The fourth-generation Surena was unveiled on 14 December 2019 with upper- and lower-body motions, interaction with a host and speech.", "publisher": "University of Tehran, Center of Advanced Systems and Technologies (CAST)", "url": "https://cast-tech.ir/surena-iv/" } ], "video": { "id": "P03Hi4ytxuQ", "title": "Surena IV Robot Demonstration", "channel": "IEEE Spectrum" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/university-of-tehran-surena-4-2019-1.jpg", "author": "Salehisahel", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Surena_4.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 528, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "apptronik-astra-2020", "name": "Astra", "maker": "Apptronik", "makerId": "apptronik", "country": "United States", "year": 2020, "date": "2020", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 24, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "A handful of units were sold to research labs.", "summary": "An upper-body humanoid torso for two-handed manipulation research that Apptronik used to develop the arms, hands and perception later used in Apollo (2023). Date given as late 2020 by trade press; one timeline says 2022.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-cdc6fcb7df", "hs-bceeb64488" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2020", "event": "Apptronik research platform launch (late 2020)", "url": "https://www.automatedwarehouseonline.com/apptronik-unveils-apollo-humanoid-robot/" }, "released": { "date": "2020", "note": "released late 2020; a handful sold to research labs" }, "components": { "actuators": "Electric actuators built in-house; Apptronik says its later Apollo draws on more than 13 generations of its own actuators.", "hands": "Apptronik has said only that it bought hands from makers of affordable prosthetics.", "other": "An upper-body (torso) research platform that can be mounted on different mobile bases; used to develop perception and hand-eye coordination before Apollo.", "sources": [ "hs-cdc6fcb7df" ] }, "production": { "sold": "A handful sold to research labs after its late-2020 release (Automated Warehouse).", "where": "United States" }, "news": [ { "date": "2020", "title": "Apptronik releases Astra", "summary": "Apptronik released the Astra humanoid torso for research labs in late 2020.", "publisher": "Automated Warehouse", "url": "https://www.automatedwarehouseonline.com/apptronik-unveils-apollo-humanoid-robot/" } ], "video": { "id": "XulyFshFQMg", "title": "Apptronik Astra Intro", "channel": "Apptronik" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/apptronik-astra-2020.jpg", "author": "Apptronik", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://apptronik.com/company/our-work", "page": "https://apptronik.com/company/our-work", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 666 } }, { "id": "gitai-g1-2020", "name": "GITAI G1", "maker": "GITAI", "makerId": "gitai", "country": "Japan", "year": 2020, "date": "2020", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "space", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A 2 m space-work humanoid torso with a sensor head and two arms ending in grippers, run by a mix of AI and teleoperation, meant for tool use inside and outside space stations and on future lunar bases.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-09b50393fa" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2020", "event": "GITAI reveal", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "GITAI custom high-power actuators rated 245 Nm at 47.5 rpm, with elastic response to external force; 21 DoF (arms 8x2, grippers 1x2, torso 3).", "hands": "Two-finger grippers, 1 DoF each; dual redundant arms can also handle soft items such as fabric.", "sensors": "Head with high-resolution cameras (two larger camera 'eyes' and horizontal sensor strips) for omnidirectional perception; actuator sensors; ultra-low-latency wide-field video streaming for operators.", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson compute module.", "battery": "Battery or external power depending on the application.", "materials": "Iron, aluminium and 3D-printed parts.", "software": "Custom software built on ROS and OpenCV with real-time logging and diagnostics; mix of autonomy and teleoperation through GITAI's H1 manipulation user interface.", "other": "About 2 m tall and 120 kg; cost quoted as depending on customer requirements. GITAI's later ISS demonstration (Oct 2021) used its S1 robotic arm, not the G1 humanoid.", "sources": [ "hs-b848b4ed6e" ] }, "production": { "sold": "not sold as a product", "where": "Japan (GITAI; HQ and manufacturing moved to Torrance, California by end of 2023)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2021-11-08", "title": "GITAI's S1 arm works autonomously on the ISS", "summary": "IEEE Spectrum reported the company's robotic arm assembled panels and flipped switches inside the Nanoracks Bishop airlock with about 99% autonomy.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/gitai-space-robot" } ], "video": { "id": "DcNBoucIw3o", "title": "GITAI's G1 robot for space development (2020.6)", "channel": "GITAI (@gitai_hiringintheus2394)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/gitai-g1-2020.jpg", "author": "GITAI", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210119122035/https://gitai.tech/", "page": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210119122035/https://gitai.tech/", "kind": "maker", "w": 752, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "isro-vyommitra-2020", "name": "Vyommitra", "maker": "Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)", "makerId": "indian-space-research-organisation", "country": "India", "year": 2020, "date": "2020-01-22", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "space" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "India's first humanoid built to fly on a spacecraft, as a stand-in crew member on uncrewed Gaganyaan test flights.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A legless 'half-humanoid' that can bend forward and sideways, recognise people, answer questions, monitor cabin parameters and operate switch panels; designed by ISRO's Inertial Systems Unit.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-3e3e4069fb", "hs-bdb88484fb" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2020-01-22", "event": "Human Spaceflight and Exploration symposium, Bengaluru", "url": "https://www.theweek.in/news/sci-tech/2020/01/22/isro-unveils-vyomamitra-the-half-humanoid-to-be-sent-on-unmanned-gaganyaan-spacecraft.amp.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "materials": "Skull made from a high-strength aluminium alloy to withstand pressure and launch vibration (Indian Express, 2024).", "software": "Responds to queries (Department of Space, 2024); demonstrated responding to Hindi voice commands (ISRO, 2024).", "other": "Legless half-humanoid that can check cabin temperature, pressure and oxygen, operate switch panels, handle life-support functions and warn of pressure changes; designed by ISRO's Inertial Systems Unit at Thiruvananthapuram / Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre.", "sources": [ "hs-3e3e4069fb", "hs-d2a5efc53f" ] }, "production": { "where": "India" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-04-28", "title": "Vyommitra integration underway", "summary": "ISRO is integrating Vyommitra into the uncrewed Gaganyaan mission's crew module.", "publisher": "India Today", "url": "https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/gaganyaan-isro-integrating-vyommitra-in-crew-module-key-safety-tests-underway-2902675-2026-04-28" }, { "date": "2020-01-22", "title": "ISRO unveils Vyommitra", "summary": "The half-humanoid spoke to delegates at a human spaceflight symposium in Bengaluru.", "publisher": "The Week", "url": "https://www.theweek.in/news/sci-tech/2020/01/22/isro-unveils-vyomamitra-the-half-humanoid-to-be-sent-on-unmanned-gaganyaan-spacecraft.amp.html" } ], "video": { "id": "ByOEOfv7HpA", "title": "ISRO Robot | Meet 'Vyommitra': ISRO’s First Humanoid Set for Gaganyaan Mission", "channel": "NDTV" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/isro-vyommitra-2020.jpg", "author": "Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Vyommitra_%28Space_friend%29%2C_ISRO.jpg", "page": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Vyommitra_%28Space_friend%29%2C_ISRO.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 791, "h": 1000 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/indian-space-research-organisation.png", "author": "Indian Space Research Organisation", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_Space_Research_Organisation_Logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_Space_Research_Organisation_Logo.svg", "article": "File:Indian Space Research Organisation Logo.svg" } }, { "id": "pal-robotics-ari-2020", "name": "ARI", "maker": "PAL Robotics", "makerId": "pal", "country": "Spain", "year": 2020, "date": "2020-02", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "social", "healthcare", "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 165, "weightKg": null, "dof": 14, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 12, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "none", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A 1.65 m wheeled social robot with a head with animated LCD eyes, a chest touchscreen and two 5-DoF arms for gestures, aimed at reception, hospitals and human-robot interaction research. It runs ROS and lasts 8-12 hours on a charge (maximum given).", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-5945f52fbb", "hs-9a63e6f236", "hs-b7e9d7f60c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2020-02", "event": "Earliest dated maker source found: PAL Robotics blog post introducing ARI's ROS simulation (28 Feb 2020); exact launch event not found", "url": "https://pal-robotics.com/blog/intoducing-ari-ros-simulation/" }, "released": { "date": "2020-02", "note": "PAL said ARI was officially launched in early 2020 (blog of 28 Feb 2020)" }, "components": { "actuators": "12 DoF: 2-DoF head (neck), 5-DoF arms x2 (2 shoulder, 1 upper arm, 1 elbow, 1 wrist) and a 2-DoF differential-drive base.", "hands": "Non-grasping hands for gestures on the 5-DoF arms.", "sensors": "8 MP RGB head camera (optional RGB-D), Intel RealSense D435i RGB-D torso camera, optional YDLIDAR TG15 lidar, optional thermal camera, 4-microphone array with 3D sound-source localisation.", "compute": "Intel i5, i7 or i9 CPU with 8-32 GB RAM; optional NVIDIA Jetson Xavier NX or Orin GPU module.", "battery": "24 V, 40 Ah battery (60 Ah optional), 8-12 hours autonomy.", "materials": "165 cm tall, 53 cm wide, 75 cm deep; 10.1-inch touchscreen, two LCD animated eyes and RGB LED rings.", "software": "Ubuntu LTS with RT-Preempt kernel and ROS Noetic; ROS4HRI people perception; on-board ASR (Vosk, 20+ languages) and dialogue manager (Rasa); MoveIt and whole-body Cartesian control; web GUI for motions and presentations; open ROS simulation.", "other": "Marketed as GDPR-compliant with all data processed on board and cloud connection opt-in. Wi-Fi 6 (802.11ax).", "sources": [ "hs-5945f52fbb", "hs-9a63e6f236", "hs-b7e9d7f60c" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sold commercially; units not disclosed", "where": "Barcelona, Spain", "customers": "HRI research labs, EU project SHAPES, PRO-CARED education pilots in Catalonia, Cruilla Festival showcase" }, "news": [ { "date": "2020-02-28", "title": "PAL releases free ARI ROS simulation", "summary": "PAL Robotics published an open-source ROS simulator and tutorials after ARI's official launch earlier in 2020.", "publisher": "PAL Robotics", "url": "https://pal-robotics.com/blog/intoducing-ari-ros-simulation/" } ], "video": { "id": "ii2f4LUxqJ8", "title": "PAL Robotics - Social Robot ARI", "channel": "PAL Robotics (@PALRobotics)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/pal-robotics-ari-2020.jpg", "author": "PAL Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://pal-robotics.com/robot/ari/", "page": "https://pal-robotics.com/robot/ari/", "kind": "maker", "w": 897, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "telexistence-model-t-2020", "name": "Model-T", "maker": "Telexistence", "makerId": "telexistence", "country": "Japan", "year": 2020, "date": "2020-07", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "retail", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "One of the first humanoid-shaped robots to restock shelves in a working convenience store.", "deployments": "Trialled at a FamilyMart in Toshima, Tokyo, from August 26, 2020, piloted remotely over VR.", "summary": "A remotely piloted, roughly seven-foot wheeled humanoid that picks bottles and packages and places them on shelves; operators use VR gear with touch feedback. Not autonomous.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-331a03f488", "hs-562e0662d9" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2020-07", "event": "Announcement of FamilyMart and Lawson trials", "url": null }, "released": { "date": "2020-08", "note": "paid pilot in FamilyMart stores; later replaced by the non-humanoid TX SCARA" }, "components": { "software": "Fully teleoperated: a remote pilot in VR gear controls every movement with arms, legs and hands; the robot has no built-in intelligence (TechXplore/AFP).", "other": "About seven feet tall; first task was stocking PET bottles, with rice balls and sandwiches planned (TechXplore/AFP).", "sources": [ "hs-331a03f488" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Paid pilot; started in one FamilyMart store in 2020", "where": "Japan", "customers": "FamilyMart (2020 pilot, plan for 20 stores over two years)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2020-09", "title": "FamilyMart pilots remote-controlled shelf stocker", "summary": "AFP reported Model-T stocking drinks in a Tokyo FamilyMart, with 20 stores planned.", "publisher": "TechXplore / AFP", "url": "https://techxplore.com/news/2020-09-japanese-grocery-chain-remotely-robot.html" } ], "buyNone": "Pilot ended; Telexistence's site no longer offers Model-T (replaced by non-humanoid TX SCARA).", "video": { "id": "ReM6RDxg7-0", "title": "Telexistence Model-T unveil", "channel": "Telexistence Inc." }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/telexistence-model-t-2020.jpg", "author": "Telexistence Inc.", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://tx-inc.com/en/home/", "page": "https://tx-inc.com/en/home/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 674 } }, { "id": "kawasaki-friends-2021", "name": "Friends", "maker": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries", "makerId": "kawasaki", "country": "Japan", "year": 2021, "date": "2021", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "care", "social" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Talked with children at a public event at Japan's National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation (Miraikan).", "summary": "A slimmer, softer-looking companion to Kawasaki's rugged Kaleido, with curved covers and a display face showing animated eyes, aimed at homes and care facilities; with Osaka University's Nagai Lab it answers questions with AI and matches gestures to speech.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-abbbd1323f" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2021", "event": "Kawasaki introduction, 2021", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "other": "Per the atlas record's Kawasaki Robotics blog source (not re-opened this pass; the site returned HTTP 403): curved covers, a display face with animated eyes, AI question answering and speech-matched gestures developed with Osaka University's Nagai Lab, and a Miraikan event with children.", "sources": [ "hs-abbbd1323f" ] }, "production": { "sold": "not sold", "where": "Japan (Kawasaki Heavy Industries)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "RHP Friends gives generative-AI dialogue demo at iREX 2025", "summary": "Kawasaki demonstrated generative-AI conversation with its RHP Friends humanoid at the 2025 International Robot Exhibition.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2512/23/news026.html" } ], "video": { "id": "6k2_0kv-KKU", "title": "ヒューマノイドロボットRHP Kaleido / Friendsの軌跡", "channel": "Kawasaki Robotics JP (@KawasakiRoboticsJP)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kawasaki-friends-2021.jpg", "author": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://kawasakirobotics.com/jp/blog/202511_kaleido/", "page": "https://kawasakirobotics.com/jp/blog/202511_kaleido/", "kind": "maker", "w": 768, "h": 512 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/kawasaki.png", "author": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kawasaki_Heavy_Industries_Logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kawasaki_Heavy_Industries_Logo.svg", "article": "File:Kawasaki Heavy Industries Logo.svg" } }, { "id": "hyundai-dal-e-2021", "name": "DAL-e", "maker": "Hyundai Motor Group", "makerId": "hyundai", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2021, "date": "2021-01-26", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "retail", "social" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": 80, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Piloted at a Hyundai showroom in southern Seoul from January 2021.", "summary": "A truncated humanoid customer-service robot on four omnidirectional wheels, with movable arms for gestures, face recognition, conversation and mask detection, built to greet and escort showroom visitors without staff contact. It measures 1,160 x 600 x 600 mm.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-4ca9cf3c72" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2021-01-26", "event": "Hyundai Motor Group launch", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "pilot only" }, "components": { "actuators": "Four omnidirectional wheels for movement; motorised arms for gesture feedback (no motor details published).", "hands": "Simple non-grasping hands on movable arms used for gestures.", "sensors": "Camera-based facial recognition and mask detection (camera count not published); touchscreen input; voice input.", "software": "AI facial recognition and an automatic conversation system built on a language-comprehension platform; answers spoken and touchscreen questions about vehicles and services, invites visitors to take photos and escorts them to spots.", "other": "Name stands for 'Drive you, Assist you, Link with you-experience'. 1,160 x 600 x 600 mm, 80 kg. Connects wirelessly to a large showroom display to explain cars. Developed by Hyundai Motor Group's Robotics Lab (head: Dong Jin Hyun).", "sources": [ "hs-4ca9cf3c72" ] }, "production": { "sold": "not sold; pilot unit", "where": "South Korea (Hyundai Motor Group Robotics Lab)", "customers": "Hyundai showroom in southern Seoul (pilot from January 2021); rollout to other Hyundai and Kia showrooms planned" }, "news": [ { "date": "2021-01-26", "title": "Hyundai pilots DAL-e greeter robot in Seoul showroom", "summary": "Hyundai Motor Group began a pilot of its contact-free customer-service humanoid at a southern Seoul showroom.", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2021/01/26/hyundai-launches-humanoid-robot-dal-e-for-customer-service/39904/" } ], "video": { "id": "gRkcRfskQak", "title": "[기업] 현대차, 비대면 고객 응대 서비스 로봇 '달이' 첫선 / YTN", "channel": "YTN" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/hyundai-dal-e-2021.jpg", "author": "Hyundai Motor Group", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.hyundai.news/uk/articles/press-releases/hyundai-motor-group-introduces-advanced-humanoid-robot-dal-e.html", "page": "https://www.hyundai.news/uk/articles/press-releases/hyundai-motor-group-introduces-advanced-humanoid-robot-dal-e.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 858, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "dfki-rh5-2021", "name": "RH5", "maker": "DFKI Robotics Innovation Center", "makerId": "dfki-innovation-center", "country": "Germany", "year": 2021, "date": "2021-01-26", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "space" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 200, "weightKg": 62, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 1.8, "payloadKg": 5, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A 2 m, 62 kg research biped from DFKI Bremen built with a mix of serial and parallel joint mechanisms to be light yet strong, carrying 5 kg in each hand. It was meant as an assistant for long missions in human-built settings such as a future moon station, and could be run autonomously or by an operator in an exoskeleton; DFKI says it is no longer in active use.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-e17c628c5f" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2021-01-26", "event": "arXiv paper on RH5 design and control", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.10591" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "34 DoF with series-parallel hybrid actuation: high-torque BLDC RoboDrive motors with Harmonic Drive gears for shoulders, torso yaw, hip yaw/roll, elbow and wrist roll, and BLDC-plus-ball-screw linear drives in parallel mechanisms for hip pitch, torso pitch/roll, knees and ankles (17 HarmonicDrive units, 10 ball-screw units, plus 4 Maxon and 3 Dynamixel drives). Knee torque up to about 500 Nm.", "hands": "Self-adaptive three-finger underactuated gripper on each arm; 5 kg payload per hand.", "sensors": "Head with Velodyne VLP-16 lidar, two ZED Mini stereo cameras, infrared camera and microphones; Xsens MTi-300 IMU; four ATI 6-axis force/torque sensors at wrists and ankles; absolute encoders in every joint and force sensors in the leg linear drives.", "compute": "Processing units in head and torso; DFKI motor electronics built on Spartan-6 FPGAs with LVDS communication.", "battery": "Battery housed in the torso; can also run from a 48 V supply.", "materials": "2 m tall, 62.5 kg; torso 21 kg with most electronics.", "software": "DFKI tools including Rock, MARS, Phobos and HyRoDyn; whole-body and trajectory optimisation control (with LAAS-CNRS and Edinburgh collaborators); walked at 0.35 m/s carrying 5 kg in each hand.", "other": "Funded by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) with BMBF federal funds; used in projects TransFIT, VeryHuman, M-Rock and CoEx. DFKI now lists it as no longer actively used.", "sources": [ "hs-e17c628c5f", "hs-8ef58d1ee6" ] }, "production": { "built": "Research prototype(s)", "sold": "not sold", "where": "Bremen, Germany (DFKI Robotics Innovation Center)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2021-01-26", "title": "DFKI details the RH5 humanoid", "summary": "An arXiv paper described the 2 m, 62.5 kg series-parallel hybrid humanoid and its heavy-payload walking.", "publisher": "arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.10591" } ], "video": { "id": "jjGQNstmLvY", "title": "Design, Analysis and Control of the Series-Parallel Hybrid RH5 Humanoid Robot", "channel": "German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/dfki-rh5-2021.jpg", "author": "DFKI Robotics Innovation Center", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://robotik.dfki-bremen.de/en/research/robot-systems/rh5", "page": "https://robotik.dfki-bremen.de/en/research/robot-systems/rh5", "kind": "maker", "w": 600, "h": 559 } }, { "id": "awakening-health-grace-2021", "name": "Grace", "maker": "Awakening Health (Hanson Robotics and SingularityNET)", "makerId": "hanson", "country": "Hong Kong", "year": 2021, "date": "2021-06", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "healthcare", "care", "social" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Pitched as the first humanoid built specifically as a healthcare assistant for elderly and isolated patients during COVID-19.", "deployments": "Company planned a beta production run in August 2021 and deployment in 2022; real hospital use was not confirmed.", "summary": "A nurse-styled humanoid built on the Sophia 2020 platform, with a chest thermal camera for temperature checks and conversational AI for social visits and talk therapy.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-ad7cc46185", "hs-68a61ef3f9" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2021-06", "event": "Reuters-covered unveiling at Hanson Robotics' Hong Kong workshop", "url": "https://interaksyon.philstar.com/trends-spotlights/2021/06/09/193485/meet-grace-the-healthcare-robot-covid-19-created/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "price likened to a luxury car; sales not confirmed" }, "components": { "actuators": "Face can simulate more than 48 major facial muscles (Reuters via Interaksyon).", "sensors": "Thermal camera in the chest to take temperature and gauge responsiveness (Reuters via Interaksyon).", "software": "AI to help assess patients; speaks English, Mandarin and Cantonese; offers social interaction, talk therapy and biological readings.", "other": "Built by Awakening Health, a joint venture of Hanson Robotics and Singularity Studio; cost described as similar to a luxury car.", "sources": [ "hs-ad7cc46185" ] }, "production": { "built": "Prototype in June 2021; company planned to mass-produce a beta version by August 2021 (plan, not confirmed)", "where": "Planned deployment in Hong Kong, mainland China, Japan and Korea (2022 plan)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2021-06", "title": "Grace nurse robot unveiled in Hong Kong", "summary": "Reuters showed the prototype at Hanson Robotics' Hong Kong workshop.", "publisher": "Interaksyon / Philstar", "url": "https://interaksyon.philstar.com/trends-spotlights/2021/06/09/193485/meet-grace-the-healthcare-robot-covid-19-created/" } ], "video": { "id": "ByLiGisgpN0", "title": "Meet Grace, the healthcare robot COVID-19 created", "channel": "Reuters" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/awakening-health-grace-2021.jpg", "author": "Hanson Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240519012507/https://awakening.health/meet-grace-the-healthcare-robot-covid-19-created/", "page": "https://web.archive.org/web/20240519012507/https://awakening.health/meet-grace-the-healthcare-robot-covid-19-created/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 956 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/hanson.png", "author": "Hanson Robotics Ltd.", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hanson_Robotics_logo.png", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hanson_Robotics_logo.png", "article": "File:Hanson Robotics logo.png" } }, { "id": "ubtech-walker-x-2021", "name": "Walker X", "maker": "UBTECH Robotics", "makerId": "ubtech", "country": "China", "year": 2021, "date": "2021-07", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "home", "retail", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 130, "weightKg": 63, "dof": 41, "speedKmh": 3, "payloadKg": 10, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Shown in exhibitions and venues in China; offered through resellers.", "summary": "An upgraded Walker with 41 servo joints (7-DoF arms, 6-DoF hands), vision-based navigation and a swappable battery giving about two hours of mixed use.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-01767de1c4", "hs-4a0ce6385a" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2021-07", "event": "World Artificial Intelligence Conference (WAIC), Shanghai", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "offered through resellers; list price not published" }, "components": { "actuators": "41 servo joints, 4.5-200 Nm torque, 30-90 rpm (UBTECH).", "hands": "6 DoF per hand; 7-DoF arms with 1.5 kg payload fully extended; carries up to 10 kg.", "sensors": "Four-eye vision system and dual RGB-D sensors; hearing and touch perception.", "compute": "Two Intel i7-8665U processors and an NVIDIA GT1030 GPU.", "battery": "Removable lithium pack, 54.6 V 10 Ah, 3.6 kg; 2 h charge and about 2 h mixed use (UBTECH).", "software": "U-SLAM navigation with AR first-person view, 2.5D obstacle avoidance, face and object recognition; ROSA framework on Ubuntu, Linux RT-Preempt and Android; Webots simulation.", "other": "130 cm, 63 kg, 41 DoF; walks up to 3 km/h, 15 cm steps, 20 degree slopes. Wi-Fi, Gigabit Ethernet, EtherCAT, USB 3.0.", "sources": [ "hs-01767de1c4" ] }, "production": { "where": "China; also offered through resellers such as RobotLAB in the US" }, "buy": { "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/humanoid/products/walker-x", "type": null, "label": "Contact UBTECH (inquiry form)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "4ZL3LgdKNbw", "title": "Walker X | UBTECH ROBOTICS", "channel": "UBTECH Robotics", "display": true } }, { "id": "oversonic-robee-2021", "name": "RoBee", "maker": "Oversonic Robotics", "makerId": "oversonic", "country": "Italy", "year": 2021, "date": "2021-09", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial", "healthcare" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": 75, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 8, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Promoted by its maker as Italy's first cognitive humanoid robot certified for industrial work.", "deployments": "Worked with stroke patients in neurorehabilitation wards at Fondazione Santa Lucia hospital in Rome from 2022; in December 2025 STMicroelectronics agreed to bring RoBee into several of its plants.", "summary": "An Italian wheeled humanoid with a face-mask head, a torso with a chest screen and two arms that end in swappable hands or grippers, built to help in factories and hospitals. The 2021 version was 1.70 m and 65-75 kg (the weight given is the top of that range) with 40 movable joints; today's RoBee R series is taller and heavier (165-199 cm, up to 15 kg two-arm payload).", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-e0080bd8bd", "hs-727fea7e6f", "hs-636d4d65bf", "hs-bf5f8e8210", "hs-3c5133f210" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2021-09", "event": "Presentation in Milan", "url": "https://www.fortuneita.com/?p=250892" }, "released": { "date": "2022-05", "note": "Presented as a certified commercial product at SPS Italia, Parma, May 2022" }, "components": { "actuators": "Around 40 movable joints (2021-22 reports) on a wheeled base with differential and omnidirectional drive, up to 1.2 m/s and 8% slopes.", "hands": "Two arms with swappable hands or grippers; RoBee R: 95 cm reach, 7.5 kg per arm (up to 15 kg bimanual), repeatability +/-0.8 mm.", "sensors": "Navigation lidars and cameras, depth cameras, optional thermal camera, SIL 3 obstacle detection, force feedback in the motors, cardioid microphone.", "compute": "Three on-board computers that share the load and back each other up for safety (2021 report).", "battery": "Two swappable lithium-ion batteries, up to 8 hours; inductive auto-recharge.", "materials": "RoBee R: 165-199 cm tall and up to 293 kg; 2021 version about 1.70 m and 65-75 kg. IPX4 rated; ISO Class 6 cleanroom capable.", "software": "Oversonic cognitive platform with multimodal reasoning, multilingual voice, mission graphs, ML Studio vision training, predictive maintenance, ERP/MES APIs and fleet console; teach pendant via Oculus headset and remote guidance; EU HIVE project to move to edge physical AI.", "other": "CE marked under the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC, ISO 27001, GDPR compliant; described by the company as the first cognitive humanoid certified to work in factories. Wi-Fi 6, 5G ready. Variants: RoBee R (industrial) and RoBee M (healthcare, CE Medical Class 1).", "sources": [ "hs-bf5f8e8210", "hs-f864a1b25b", "hs-e0080bd8bd", "hs-b8baf68f97" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Commercial since 2022; in operation in Italy and abroad (units not disclosed)", "where": "Brianza (Monza and Brianza province), Italy", "customers": "Fondazione Santa Lucia neurorehabilitation hospital, Rome (stroke rehabilitation project); unnamed industrial partner plants" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-06-23", "title": "STMicroelectronics and others invest in Oversonic", "summary": "STMicroelectronics, Fondazione ENEA Tech Biomedical and SpotInvest took stakes to expand RoBee in manufacturing, healthcare and the US.", "publisher": "Robotics Tomorrow", "url": "https://www.roboticstomorrow.com/news/2026/06/23/oversonic-robotics-stmicroelectronics-fondazione-enea-tech-biomedical-and-spotinvest-acquire-a-stake-in-the-company/26762/" }, { "date": "2022-05-24", "title": "RoBee presented at SPS Italia", "summary": "Dire reported RoBee's presentation as a certified cognitive humanoid for industry at the Parma automation fair.", "publisher": "Agenzia Dire", "url": "https://www.dire.it/24-05-2022/739637-robee-presentato-il-primo-robot-umanoide-cognitivo-per-lindustria-5-0/" }, { "date": "2022-03-16", "title": "RoBee joins stroke rehabilitation in Rome", "summary": "Il Giorno said RoBee would assist therapists at Fondazione Santa Lucia with cognitive exercises for stroke patients.", "publisher": "Il Giorno", "url": "https://www.ilgiorno.it/monza-brianza/cronaca/robot-umanoide-ospedale-74e08d7f" }, { "date": "2021-09-29", "title": "Oversonic unveils RoBee in Milan", "summary": "Fortune Italia described the 1.70 m humanoid with 40 joints, 8-hour battery and three redundant computers, due on the market in 2022.", "publisher": "Fortune Italia", "url": "https://www.fortuneita.com/?p=250892" } ], "video": { "id": "DJI0qUxzke0", "title": "RoBee's Applications_2025", "channel": "Oversonic" } }, { "id": "snu-dyros-tocabi-2021", "name": "TOCABI", "maker": "Seoul National University Dynamic Robotics Systems Lab (DYROS), with NJIT industrial design", "makerId": "seoul-national-university-dynamic-systems-lab", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2021, "date": "2021-09", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 180, "weightKg": 100, "dof": 33, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Competed as Team SNU's avatar robot at the ANA Avatar XPRIZE semifinals in Miami in September 2021.", "summary": "A full-size torque-controlled biped humanoid ('Torque Controlled compliAnt BIped') built for safe physical interaction and remote avatar use, after about eight years of development (lower body first, upper body completed in 2021). Its industrial design, done with NJIT, was presented at IEEE Humanoids 2022.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-2b26d24e17", "hs-2ce95e508e" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2021-09", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/snu-dyros-tocabi-2021.jpg", "author": "Seoul National University Dynamic Robotics Systems Lab, with NJIT industrial design", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://news.njit.edu/humanoid-robot-makes-debut-international-competition", "page": "https://news.njit.edu/humanoid-robot-makes-debut-international-competition", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 582 } }, { "id": "ubtech-panda-robot-youyou-2021", "name": "Panda Robot (Youyou)", "maker": "UBTECH Robotics", "makerId": "ubtech", "country": "China", "year": 2021, "date": "2021-09-10", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "entertainment", "social", "retail" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 130, "weightKg": 63, "dof": 41, "speedKmh": 3, "payloadKg": 1.5, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Guided visitors at the China Pavilion of Expo 2020 Dubai from October 2021; later shown at LEAP 2025 and BEYOND Expo 2025.", "summary": "A walking giant-panda humanoid built on UBTECH's Walker X technology, with 6-DoF hands, used as an exhibition guide and performer that can do tai chi, calligraphy and painting. Each arm lifts 1.5 kg when extended.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-9d73637e89", "hs-d2e79feea4" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2021-09-10", "event": "World Robot Conference 2021, Beijing", "url": "https://www.eyeshenzhen.com/content/2021-09/13/content_24565376.htm" }, "released": { "date": "2021-10-01", "note": "Began guiding visitors at the China Pavilion, Expo 2020 Dubai, which opened 1 October 2021" }, "components": { "actuators": "41 DoF (legs 6x2, arms 7x2, hands 6x2, neck 3) using UBTECH servo joints of 4.5-200 Nm at 30-90 rpm; walks up to 3 km/h, 15 cm steps and 20-degree slopes.", "hands": "Two 6-DoF hands; single-arm load 1.5 kg at full extension; does calligraphy and drawing.", "sensors": "Multimodal vision, hearing, touch and environment perception; U-SLAM navigation with 10 cm localisation accuracy (1 cm fine localisation).", "compute": "Two Intel i7-8665U processors and an NVIDIA GT1030 GPU.", "battery": "Removable 54.6 V, 10 Ah lithium battery (3.6 kg); about 2 hours use, 2-hour charge.", "materials": "130 cm tall, 63 kg; giant-panda styled shell.", "software": "Ubuntu with RT-Preempt Linux and Android; UBTECH ROSA framework; Webots simulation; multimodal interaction and 28+ displayed emotions.", "other": "Built on Walker X technology; Wi-Fi, Gigabit Ethernet, EtherCAT and USB 3.0. Performs tai chi, yoga and dance.", "sources": [ "hs-9d73637e89", "hs-d2e79feea4" ] }, "production": { "built": "Custom build for an exhibition", "where": "Shenzhen, China", "customers": "China Pavilion at Expo 2020 Dubai (official AI robot partner)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2021-09-13", "title": "UBTECH panda robot debuts in Beijing", "summary": "Shenzhen Daily reported the 1.3 m, 63 kg panda robot's debut at the World Robot Conference before guiding visitors at Expo 2020 Dubai.", "publisher": "Shenzhen Daily (EyeShenzhen)", "url": "https://www.eyeshenzhen.com/content/2021-09/13/content_24565376.htm" } ], "video": { "id": "yeQGXZB6Hf8", "title": "Panda Robot in China Pavilion", "channel": "China at Expo 2020", "display": true } }, { "id": "unlimited-robotics-gary-2021", "name": "Gary", "maker": "Unlimited Robotics", "makerId": "unlimited", "country": "Israel", "year": 2021, "date": "2021-09-27", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "home", "retail", "healthcare" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 140, "weightKg": 40, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 4.3, "payloadKg": 5, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 5900, "priceNote": "$5,900 one-off or monthly instalments announced in 2021 ($99 waitlist deposit); later reports cite leasing", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A 140 cm, 40 kg wheeled service robot with two arms carrying different grippers and three depth cameras, aimed at chores in homes, offices, hotels and clinics and programmable through the company's Ra-Ya developer platform. It carries up to 5 kg and moves at up to 1.2 m/s.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-399e04c4a2", "hs-19cc682a32" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2021-09-27", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/unlimited-robotics-gary-2021.jpg", "author": "Unlimited Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/2022/https://www.unlimited-robotics.com/", "page": "https://web.archive.org/web/2022/https://www.unlimited-robotics.com/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "everyday-robots-everyday-robot-2021", "name": "Everyday Robot", "maker": "Everyday Robots (Alphabet X)", "makerId": "everyday-robots", "country": "United States", "year": 2021, "date": "2021-11", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "research", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Over 100 robots worked in Alphabet's Bay Area offices cleaning tables and sorting waste until the unit closed in February 2023.", "summary": "A wheeled, one-armed helper robot with a sensor head, developed at Alphabet's X lab and later used by Google Research to combine language models with robot control. More than 100 units learned to wipe cafeteria tables, sort trash from recycling and open doors before the project was shut down in early 2023.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-9815c858ab", "hs-f57024938b" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2021-11", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/everyday-robots-everyday-robot-2021.jpg", "author": "Everyday Robots", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/2022/https://everydayrobots.com/", "page": "https://web.archive.org/web/2022/https://everydayrobots.com/", "kind": "maker", "w": 909, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "ugo-pro-2021", "name": "ugo Pro", "maker": "ugo Inc.", "makerId": "ugo", "country": "Japan", "year": 2021, "date": "2021-11-15", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial", "social", "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 180, "weightKg": 54, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 3.6, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 4, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Rental subscription of ¥148,000 per month on a three-year contract at the 2021 relaunch (yen, not converted).", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "About 100 ugo-series robots were installed in factories, offices, data centres and care homes by 2022, used for security patrols, inspection and reception; an 'ugo Pro R&D' version has been sold as an imitation-learning kit since October 2025.", "summary": "ugo's full-spec 'avatar' service robot: a wheeled base with a lift, a face display and two height-adjustable arms that can press lift buttons and do simple handling, run by remote operation or learned automation. It is about 180 cm tall and 54 kg, with up to 3.6 km/h travel and about 4 hours of driving (8 hours on standby).", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-68e2c6f155", "hs-f21ea4025d", "hs-0792f9afc5", "hs-99243be39f", "hs-5bb320ca26" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2021-11-15", "event": "Full model change of the ugo line-up (ugo Pro, ugo R, ugo Stand) and launch of ugo Ex", "url": "https://ascii.jp/elem/000/004/075/4075139/" }, "released": { "date": "2021-11-15", "note": "Remodelled ugo Pro announced with faster drive, LFP battery and fast charging; sold mainly as 3-year monthly rental" }, "components": { "actuators": "Wheeled base (about 0.4-3.6 km/h; 5 km/h claimed for the 2021 remodel), vertical lifter and two height-adjustable arms.", "hands": "Two arms able to press lift buttons and do simple handling; the ugo Pro R&D kit adds 7-DoF dual arms with a force-feedback bilateral controller.", "sensors": "Three HD cameras, 2D lidar, two depth sensors, ultrasonic sensors (detect glass and mirrors), auto-charging marker sensor; 360-degree collision prevention.", "battery": "Lithium iron phosphate battery: about 4 hours driving or 8 hours standby; about 2.5 hours to charge (AC100V); auto-docking charging station.", "materials": "About 180 cm tall, 44 x 58 cm footprint, about 54 kg; face display.", "software": "Hybrid remote operation plus AI-learned automatic modes; ugo Platform cloud for fleet control, no-code automation, map and patrol routes and reports; R&D kit built on LeRobot with ROS 2 compatibility for imitation learning.", "other": "Connects over wireless LAN, 4G LTE or 5G. Sold mainly as monthly rental on 3-year contracts.", "sources": [ "hs-68e2c6f155", "hs-99243be39f", "hs-f21ea4025d", "hs-0792f9afc5" ] }, "production": { "built": "About 100 ugo robots of all models deployed by end-2022", "sold": "Rented and sold; ugo Pro share not disclosed", "where": "Japan", "customers": "Infineon Technologies Japan and NTT group companies (ugo robots generally); building security and patrol operators" }, "news": [ { "date": "2022-12-07", "title": "ugo passes 100 robots and opens platform to others", "summary": "MONOist reported about 100 ugo units deployed and the ugo Platform extended to Yaskawa MOTOMAN and Kawasaki Nyokkey robots.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2212/07/news051.html" }, { "date": "2021-11-15", "title": "ugo Pro remodelled with faster drive and LFP battery", "summary": "ASCII carried ugo's release of lighter, faster remodelled robots with auto-docking and fast charging.", "publisher": "ASCII.jp", "url": "https://ascii.jp/elem/000/004/075/4075139/" } ], "video": { "id": "5YjeOs71stI", "title": "人型ロボットugoがエレベーターを使ってフロア移動できる仕組み", "channel": "ugo" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/ugo-pro-2021.jpg", "author": "ugo Inc. (ugo株式会社)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://ugo.plus/products/ugo-pro/", "page": "https://ugo.plus/products/ugo-pro/", "kind": "maker", "w": 713, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "engineered-arts-ameca-2021", "name": "Ameca", "maker": "Engineered Arts", "makerId": "engineered-arts", "country": "United Kingdom", "year": 2021, "date": "2021-12-03", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "social", "entertainment", "research" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Its late-2021 facial-expression video went viral and set a new public benchmark for realistic robot faces.", "deployments": "Shown at CES 2022 and sold or rented to museums, companies and research labs from 2022.", "summary": "A grey-skinned, gender-neutral humanoid built on Mesmer technology, with 17 motors in the head for expressions and a modular body that can be upgraded; it does not walk.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-d3f9de6a11", "hs-fe03f55fee" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2021-12-03", "event": "Engineered Arts announcement, then CES 2022, Las Vegas (5-8 Jan 2022)", "url": null }, "released": { "date": "2022", "note": "sold or rented to businesses and labs" }, "components": { "actuators": "Current Generation 2.6 (2024): 61 actuated degrees of freedom, 27 in the head and face and 34 in the upper body (Engineered Arts). Modular, upgradable mechanics.", "sensors": "Two 8 MP cameras (one per eye), two spatial microphones in the ears plus a 4-channel chest microphone, LiDAR safety sensors, proximity sensors and position encoders; 20 W chest speaker.", "compute": "Embedded robot PC plus Engineered Arts' cloud-based robot OS.", "materials": "Grey skin face with a grey and metal shell; 1,870 mm tall, 62 kg (Gen 2.6).", "software": "70+ languages and 50+ preset expressions.", "other": "Emergency stop buttons and fail-safes; Ethernet, Thunderbolt, USB and HDMI ports; interaction, conference and telepresence modes", "sources": [ "hs-b580f78228", "hs-9dc0728623" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sold and rented; Engineered Arts reports 250+ robots deployed across 30+ countries company-wide (not Ameca alone).", "where": "30+ countries (company-wide figure)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/engineered-arts-ameca-2021.jpg", "author": "Willy Jackson", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ameca_Generation_1.jpg", "article": "Ameca (robot)", "w": 577, "h": 640 }, "buy": { "url": "https://engineeredarts.com/contact-sales?inquiry_type_sales=Quote&robots_interest=Ameca", "type": null, "label": "Maker's website", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false } }, { "id": "kawada-nextage-fillie-2022", "name": "NEXTAGE Fillie", "maker": "Kawada Robotics", "makerId": "kawada", "country": "Japan", "year": 2022, "date": "2022-03", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": 162, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 4, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 47000, "priceNote": "From 6 million yen for the robot alone (Business+IT, April 2022), integration extra; USD figure converted at about 128 yen per dollar and approximate", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A smaller, faster and cheaper member of Kawada's NEXTAGE humanoid co-robot family: a torso with a stereo-camera head and two 6-axis arms, about 162 cm tall on its optional cart. Payload is 2 kg per arm or 4 kg with both (rated 1.5 kg and 3 kg); it won a Red Dot Award in 2022 and a boom-mounted lifting version was shown at iREX 2025.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-7f12af4fd7", "hs-0770a6fc2f", "hs-1134bf86a8", "hs-c5b67e8b4d" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2022-03", "event": "Launch and demos at the 2022 International Robot Exhibition (iREX 2022)", "url": "https://www.sbbit.jp/article/cont1/85606" }, "released": { "date": "2022-03", "note": "Launched March 2022" }, "components": { "actuators": "Two 6-axis arms, same arm architecture as earlier NEXTAGE models, each limited to 80 W or less for safe human coexistence; repeatability +/-0.05 mm.", "hands": "Payload 2 kg per arm and 4 kg with both arms (1.5 kg / 3 kg rated).", "sensors": "Stereo camera head; demonstrated picking stacked pump heads using only stereo vision.", "materials": "About 162 cm tall including cart; 58 cm wide; upper body and controller separable for mounting on customer equipment or sliders. Red Dot Award 2022.", "software": "NxProduction GUI programming and Nx-Solution application packages; research variant NEXTAGE Fillie OPEN supports ROS.", "other": "No collision-detection stop; safety relies on low power. Optional mobile base that re-localises using camera readings.", "sources": [ "hs-1134bf86a8", "hs-0770a6fc2f", "hs-7f12af4fd7" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sold commercially from March 2022 (units not disclosed); NEXTAGE family shipments described as several hundred", "where": "Japan (Kawada Robotics; THK Intechs also exhibited it)", "customers": "NEXTAGE family used at more than 100 Japanese plants, including Kao and Shiseido" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-12-23", "title": "Kawada shows NEXTAGE line at iREX 2025", "summary": "MONOist noted NEXTAGE's 15-year development and over a decade of production use as Kawada pursues humanoid work.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2512/23/news026.html" }, { "date": "2022-07-21", "title": "THK Intechs demos Fillie at TECHNO-FRONTIER", "summary": "MONOist described Fillie's 6-axis arms, payloads and stereo-camera picking demo.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/spv/2207/21/news060.html" }, { "date": "2022-04-27", "title": "Kawada launches smaller, cheaper NEXTAGE Fillie", "summary": "Business+IT reported Fillie starts at 6 million yen for the robot alone and is sold alongside the NXA series.", "publisher": "Business+IT (SB Creative)", "url": "https://www.sbbit.jp/article/cont1/85606" } ], "video": { "id": "tNTrcc-mKCQ", "title": "NEXTAGE Fillie_iREX2022", "channel": "Kawada Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kawada-nextage-fillie-2022.jpg", "author": "Kawada Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://nextage.kawadarobot.co.jp/", "page": "https://nextage.kawadarobot.co.jp/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 525 } }, { "id": "kawasaki-nyokkey-2022", "name": "Nyokkey", "maker": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries", "makerId": "kawasaki", "country": "Japan", "year": 2022, "date": "2022-03", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "social", "healthcare" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Kawasaki's general-purpose wheeled semi-humanoid with two extendable arms and a screen face, demonstrated doing hotel and concierge chores such as knocking, opening doors and carrying trays. A fourth version was shown at ICRA 2024, and it is the base of the Nurabot nursing-assistant robot co-developed with Foxconn.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-29f201c996", "hs-da353fb347", "hs-c753fc4774" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2022-03", "event": "2022 International Robot Exhibition (iREX 2022), Tokyo", "url": "https://infomercado.pe/nyokkey-el-robot-multitarea-de-kawasaki-141222-gb/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Not sold as a product; Nurabot derivative targeted for market in fiscal 2026." }, "components": { "actuators": "Wheeled base with two arms that rotate, extend and retract to reach objects.", "hands": "Two arm-mounted grippers; demonstrated knocking on doors, turning door handles, stacking boxes and delivering breakfast.", "materials": "Screen face that shows images, animations or faces; offered in male and female presentations.", "other": "Positioned as a general-purpose compact service humanoid for hotel concierge and chores. Can be integrated into ugo's ugo Platform via the ugo Reactor controller.", "sources": [ "hs-29f201c996", "hs-da353fb347" ] }, "production": { "built": "Prototype / demonstrator", "sold": "Not reported as sold", "where": "Japan (Kawasaki Heavy Industries)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-12-23", "title": "Kawasaki shows Nyokkey alongside Kaleido at iREX 2025", "summary": "MONOist listed Nyokkey as Kawasaki's compact general-purpose humanoid next to Kaleido and the Foxconn-co-developed Nurabot.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2512/23/news026.html" }, { "date": "2022-12-14", "title": "Nyokkey shown as hotel concierge", "summary": "Infomercado described Nyokkey knocking, opening doors and serving breakfast as shown at iREX 2022.", "publisher": "Infomercado", "url": "https://infomercado.pe/nyokkey-el-robot-multitarea-de-kawasaki-141222-gb/" }, { "date": "2022-12-07", "title": "ugo Platform adds Nyokkey support", "summary": "MONOist reported ugo's platform could connect Kawasaki's Nyokkey through its ugo Reactor controller.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2212/07/news051.html" } ], "video": { "id": "hmT3XGjTs4s", "title": "ソーシャルロボット「Nyokkey」のご紹介 川崎重工", "channel": "Kawasaki Robotics JP (@KawasakiRoboticsJP)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kawasaki-nyokkey-2022.jpg", "author": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://kawasakirobotics.com/jp/news/20260422_nyokkey/", "page": "https://kawasakirobotics.com/jp/news/20260422_nyokkey/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 750 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/kawasaki.png", "author": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kawasaki_Heavy_Industries_Logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kawasaki_Heavy_Industries_Logo.svg", "article": "File:Kawasaki Heavy Industries Logo.svg" } }, { "id": "iit-icub3-2022", "name": "iCub3", "maker": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Daniele Pucci's group", "makerId": "istituto-italiano-di-tecnologia", "country": "Italy", "year": 2022, "date": "2022-03", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 54, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A larger, heavier and stronger redesign of the child-sized iCub that also serves as an immersive telepresence avatar; it was the base for the walking ergoCub and the jet-powered iRonCub3. Its 54 degrees of freedom include hands and eyes.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-0e03d73d47", "hs-213b57486d", "hs-ef71134e45", "hs-6dfb1718bc" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2022-03", "event": "iCub3 avatar system presented (IEEE Spectrum report, 19 Mar 2022; Venice Architecture Biennale remote-visit demo listed by IIT as 03/2022)", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/icub-is-growing-up" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Electric motors; more powerful leg motors than iCub and actuators rearranged in legs, torso and shoulders. The original iCub uses 150 W brushless motors for large joints and DC motors for hands and small joints.", "hands": "Fully articulated five-finger hands carried over from the iCub family (part of the 54 DoF, which also include the eyes).", "sensors": "iCub-family sensing: stereo cameras in the eyes, microphones, IMU (gyros/accelerometers), joint encoders, force/torque sensors and capacitive tactile skin on fingertips and upper body. Iris/eyelid and mouth motions are driven during avatar use.", "materials": "iCub family built mainly from Ergal aluminium alloy, steel and plastic (for the original iCub).", "software": "iCub-family middleware YARP. Avatar system retargets operator walking, manipulation, voice and face (gaze, eyelids, mouth); operator wears HTC Vive Pro Eye headset, VIVE Facial Tracker, IIT iFeel haptic suit, SenseGlove DK1 gloves and a Cyberith Virtualizer omnidirectional treadmill; feedback includes first-person view, audio and fingertip haptics.", "other": "1.25 m tall and 52 kg, 25 cm taller and 19 kg heavier than iCub, with the same head and a longer neck. Used for a remote visit from Genoa to the Italian Pavilion of the Venice Architecture Biennale, almost 300 km away; competed as a finalist in the ANA Avatar XPRIZE.", "sources": [ "hs-ef71134e45", "hs-0e03d73d47", "hs-6dfb1718bc" ] }, "production": { "sold": "not sold", "where": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy", "customers": "INAIL (via the ergoCub project)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2022-11", "title": "iCub3 avatar reaches ANA Avatar XPRIZE finals", "summary": "The ergoCub project lists the IIT team as first among walking humanoids at the XPRIZE finals in November 2022.", "publisher": "ergoCub project (IIT / INAIL)", "url": "https://ergocub.eu/" }, { "date": "2022-03-19", "title": "IEEE Spectrum: iCub is growing up", "summary": "IEEE Spectrum described the taller, heavier iCub3 and its full-body telepresence system used for a 300 km remote museum visit.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/icub-is-growing-up" } ], "video": { "id": "z0aoTzdx25Y", "title": "iCub3 Avatar System: Enabling Remote Fully-Immersive Embodiment of Humanoid Robots", "channel": "Artificial and Mechanical Intelligence (IIT AMI lab, @IIT-AMI)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/iit-icub3-2022.jpg", "author": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Daniele Pucci's group", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://opentalk.iit.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/AVATAR-SYSTEM.jpg", "page": "https://opentalk.iit.it/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/AVATAR-SYSTEM.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 750 } }, { "id": "devanthro-robody-2022", "name": "Robody", "maker": "Devanthro", "makerId": "devanthro", "country": "Germany", "year": 2022, "date": "2022-07", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "care", "home" ], "locomotion": "unknown", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Its maker says a Robody was the first humanoid to care for a person with dementia at home (January 2026).", "deployments": "Robodies have been tested in private homes in Germany since 2024, mostly teleoperated by remote carers.", "summary": "A soft-skinned humanoid avatar for elderly care at home from Munich, grown out of the Roboy research project: a remote operator in VR drives it, and its head can show the operator's face. The November 2024 generation got a redesigned torso and arms with grippers for two-handed chores; it moves through homes on a mobile base.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-bf94034ee7", "hs-8178a6e115", "hs-609e7f8d55", "hs-50f5438b3f" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2022-07", "event": "Early Robody prototype placed in the Deutsches Museum permanent exhibition (per maker); latest generation unveiled November 2024", "url": "https://www.devanthro.com/about-us" }, "released": { "date": "2024-11", "note": "Latest home-care Robody generation unveiled November 2024 after home pilots began March 2024; still in pilots" }, "components": { "actuators": "Grew out of tendon-driven musculoskeletal Roboy research robots; torso and arms fully redesigned in 2024 for more agility and precision.", "hands": "Earlier tendon-driven hands replaced by grippers in the 2024 generation for more control; does two-handed tasks such as fetching items from fridge or closet.", "materials": "Soft, flexible skin for safe contact; customisable appearance.", "software": "Teleoperated by remote carers in VR with haptic feedback, over 5G, combined with AI assistance to offer 24/7 support; telemedicine use planned.", "other": "Tasks shown: preparing meals, handing out pills, finding items, dusting, board games and conversation. An early prototype is in the Deutsches Museum in Munich.", "sources": [ "hs-8178a6e115", "hs-bf94034ee7", "hs-609e7f8d55", "hs-50f5438b3f" ] }, "production": { "built": "Pilot fleet; numbers not disclosed", "sold": "Not yet commercially sold (pilots)", "where": "Munich, Germany", "customers": "Home pilots with seniors since 2024; 12+ care locations in 2025 (company figure); Augustinum pilot; partners Charite Berlin, University of Oxford and Diakonie" }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-12-11", "title": "New Robody generation built for home elder care", "summary": "Inspenet reported Devanthro's redesigned Robody, tested for a month in real homes and controlled in VR over 5G.", "publisher": "Inspenet", "url": "https://inspenet.com/en/news/the-latest-generation-of-robody-is-designed-for-elderly-care/" } ], "video": { "id": "hk_ai0wWJ0o", "title": "Robody in Action - 11/2024", "channel": "Devanthro - the Robody Company" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/devanthro-robody-2022.jpg", "author": "Devanthro", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.devanthro.com/technology/", "page": "https://www.devanthro.com/technology/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 667 } }, { "id": "xiaomi-cyberone-2022", "name": "CyberOne", "maker": "Xiaomi", "makerId": "xiaomi", "country": "China", "year": 2022, "date": "2022-08-11", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 177, "weightKg": 52, "dof": 21, "speedKmh": 3.6, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Not for sale; Engadget reported an estimated unit cost of CNY 600,000-700,000 (about US$89,000-104,000)", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "The first full-size humanoid from a major consumer-electronics maker in the 2020s wave.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 1.77 m, 52 kg biped with 21 degrees of freedom, a curved OLED face panel and emotion recognition, shown walking on stage by Xiaomi's CEO.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-48e6baaeae", "hs-0a6652c6a2", "hs-fdcfe547a2" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2022-08-11", "event": "Xiaomi new-product launch event, Beijing (Lei Jun keynote)", "url": "https://www.engadget.com/xiaomi-cyberone-robot-143545207.html?src=rss" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Custom actuators with frameless torque motor, harmonic gearbox, torque sensor, two encoders and controller; upper limbs up to 30 Nm, legs up to 300 Nm peak (Xiaomi, via Engadget).", "hands": "Two grippers, 1 DoF each.", "sensors": "Intel RealSense D455 RGB-D camera in the head, Microstrain 3DM-GX5 IMU, joint encoders and force/torque sensors; two microphones.", "compute": "Two main computers with Intel i7 processors and NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX, plus DSP-based controllers on each joint.", "battery": "1.65 kWh lithium-ion, about 2.5 hours.", "materials": "Carbon fibre, aluminium, ABS and silicone; 177 cm, 52 kg.", "software": "Ubuntu, ROS, Python, MATLAB Simulink; Xiaomi claimed it can classify 45 human emotions and 85 environmental sounds.", "other": "21 DoF across 13 joints. Engadget reported an estimated cost of CNY 600,000-700,000 (about US$89,000-104,000) per unit; not for sale.", "sources": [ "hs-acb79d0ac1" ] }, "production": { "built": "prototype", "sold": "never sold", "where": "China" }, "news": [ { "date": "2022-08-11", "title": "CyberOne unveiled", "summary": "Xiaomi's second robot after CyberDog was unveiled at a live event in Beijing.", "publisher": "Engadget", "url": "https://www.engadget.com/xiaomi-cyberone-robot-143545207.html?src=rss" } ], "video": { "id": "I28Q9czUx2Q", "title": "Meet CyberOne | MWC 2023", "channel": "Xiaomi (@xiaomi)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/xiaomi-cyberone-2022.jpg", "author": "Xiaomi", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.mi.com/cyberone", "page": "https://www.mi.com/cyberone", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 429 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/xiaomi.png", "author": "Xiaomi", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Xiaomi_logo_(2021-).svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Xiaomi_logo_(2021-).svg", "article": "Xiaomi" } }, { "id": "tesla-bumble-c-2022", "name": "Bumble C (Optimus development platform)", "maker": "Tesla", "makerId": "tesla", "country": "United States", "year": 2022, "date": "2022-09-30", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Tesla's first humanoid to walk in public, untethered on stage at AI Day 2022.", "deployments": null, "summary": "An early prototype built with semi-off-the-shelf actuators that walked, waved and danced on stage; often called 'Bumblebee' in coverage.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-28608e0412", "hs-2534aee1f7" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2022-09-30", "event": "Tesla AI Day 2022, Palo Alto", "url": "https://electrek.co/2022/09/30/tesla-optimus-humanoid-robot/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Semi off-the-shelf actuators; built mostly from off-the-shelf parts.", "software": "Walked untethered on stage and waved; videos showed it carrying a package, watering plants and doing a workstation task at Fremont.", "other": "Development test bed ahead of Tesla's in-house-parts Optimus prototype.", "sources": [ "hs-2534aee1f7", "hs-28608e0412", "hs-4fafb68f72" ] }, "production": { "built": "development platform", "sold": "never sold", "where": "United States", "customers": "Tesla Fremont factory (demo task)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2022-09-30", "title": "Bumble C walks at AI Day 2022", "summary": "Tesla's first development robot walked on stage at AI Day in Palo Alto.", "publisher": "Electrek", "url": "https://electrek.co/2022/09/30/tesla-optimus-humanoid-robot/" } ], "video": { "id": "ODSJsviD_SU", "title": "Tesla AI Day 2022", "channel": "Tesla" } }, { "id": "tesla-optimus-prototype-2022", "name": "Optimus (AI Day 2022 prototype)", "maker": "Tesla", "makerId": "tesla", "country": "United States", "year": 2022, "date": "2022-09-30", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "No list price. Elon Musk gave about $20,000 as a long-run target at high volume.", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "The first Tesla-designed Optimus body, with a 2.3 kWh battery pack and 11-DoF hands; it could not yet walk and was carried on stage. Weight figures differ between sources, so none is given.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-2534aee1f7", "hs-10241e5d35", "hs-f027ceb7c9" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2022-09-30", "event": "Tesla AI Day 2022, Palo Alto", "url": "https://electrek.co/2022/09/30/tesla-optimus-humanoid-robot/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "28 Tesla-designed structural actuators of six types (42HOW reports three rotary and three linear), each with position and torque sensing; knee uses a four-bar linkage.", "hands": "11 DoF per hand driven by six actuators, adaptive grip, self-locking worm-gear finger joints; can lift about 20 lb (9 kg).", "sensors": "Vision-only perception from head cameras using Autopilot-derived networks.", "compute": "Same Tesla SoC (self-driving computer) as Tesla cars, in the torso; Wi-Fi and LTE.", "battery": "2.3 kWh pack in the torso, 52 V nominal (42HOW) with car-type cylindrical cells and integrated management electronics; Tesla said about a day of work.", "software": "FSD neural networks retrained for indoor use, a simulator for training, footstep planning and balance control, and hand skills from motion capture.", "other": "Engineering.com reports about 100 W idle, 500 W brisk walking and roughly 161 lb. Could not yet walk and was carried on stage. Musk targeted a price under US$20,000.", "sources": [ "hs-2534aee1f7", "hs-4fafb68f72", "hs-3c40a637a4", "hs-f027ceb7c9", "hs-28608e0412" ] }, "production": { "built": "prototype", "sold": "never sold", "where": "United States" }, "news": [ { "date": "2022-09-30", "title": "Optimus prototype at AI Day 2022", "summary": "Tesla presented its in-house Optimus prototype, carried on stage, with a 2.3 kWh pack.", "publisher": "Electrek", "url": "https://electrek.co/2022/09/30/tesla-optimus-humanoid-robot/" } ], "video": { "id": "ODSJsviD_SU", "title": "Tesla AI Day 2022", "channel": "Tesla" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/tesla-optimus-prototype-2022.jpg", "author": "Tesla", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221018025829/https://www.tesla.com/AI", "page": "https://web.archive.org/web/20221018025829/https://www.tesla.com/AI", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 750 } }, { "id": "uniccon-omeife-2022", "name": "Omeife", "maker": "UNICCON Group (Omeife Technologies)", "makerId": "uniccon", "country": "Nigeria", "year": 2022, "date": "2022-10-10", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "social", "education", "healthcare" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 183, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Presented by its maker as Africa's first humanoid robot.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 6-foot female humanoid built in Nigeria to speak African languages such as Yoruba, Hausa, Igbo and Kiswahili alongside English, French and Arabic, aimed at language services for businesses. The maker says it can gesture, hold objects and walk while keeping its balance.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-5d0b5477f2", "hs-117d21249b", "hs-1797a6302f" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2022-10-10", "event": "GITEX Global, Dubai World Trade Centre (10-14 Oct 2022)", "url": "https://africa.com/africas-first-humanoid-robot-omeife-unveiled-at-gitex/" }, "released": { "date": "2022-12", "note": "African launch in Abuja in early December 2022 (reports differ on 1 or 2 December)" }, "components": { "sensors": "Computer vision for face detection and tagging, expression reading, object detection and distance estimation; GPS-based position awareness.", "materials": "Six-foot female humanoid with a prosthetic-style skin.", "software": "Conversational AI adapted to African cultures; speaks English, Yoruba, Hausa, Igbo, French, Arabic, Kiswahili, Pidgin, Wazobia and Afrikaans (reports say eight languages besides or including English); real-time language switching with native accents.", "other": "Marketed as 'language as a service' for businesses reaching African audiences and as a multipurpose assistant; suggested uses by officials included farms, road construction and classrooms. Promoters projected USD 11.6 billion revenue in three years (their own estimate).", "sources": [ "hs-5d0b5477f2", "hs-117d21249b", "hs-0b1685c525", "hs-1797a6302f" ] }, "production": { "built": "Prototype", "sold": "Not reported as sold", "where": "Abuja, Nigeria", "customers": "Nigeria's NITDA was directed by the Vice President to partner on commercialisation" }, "news": [ { "date": "2022-12-03", "title": "Osinbajo unveils Omeife in Abuja", "summary": "IT Edge News reported the Abuja launch, NITDA's commercialisation role and the promoters' revenue projection.", "publisher": "IT Edge News", "url": "https://www.itedgenews.africa/omeife-nigeria-unveils-africas-first-humanoid-robot-with-revenue-projection-of-usd11-6b/" }, { "date": "2022-12-03", "title": "Nigeria's VP inaugurates Africa's first humanoid", "summary": "Techeconomy described the six-foot multilingual robot and Uniccon's language-as-a-service plan.", "publisher": "Techeconomy", "url": "https://techeconomy.ng/osinbajo-inaugurates-omeife-africas-first-humanoid" }, { "date": "2022-10-25", "title": "Omeife unveiled at GITEX Dubai", "summary": "Africa.com reported the robot's presentation at GITEX, 10-14 October 2022, and listed its vision and conversation abilities.", "publisher": "Africa.com", "url": "https://africa.com/africas-first-humanoid-robot-omeife-unveiled-at-gitex/" } ], "video": { "id": "6UfUUiEMFG0", "title": "Africa's First Humanoid Robot - Omeife's First Speech", "channel": "Omeife Technologies (@omeifeTechnologies)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/uniccon-omeife-2022.jpg", "author": "UNICCON Group (Omeife Technologies)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://uniccongroup.com/", "page": "https://uniccongroup.com/", "kind": "maker", "w": 920, "h": 610 } }, { "id": "akinrobotics-ada-7-2022", "name": "ADA-7", "maker": "AkinRobotics (AkınSoft)", "makerId": "akinrobotics", "country": "Turkey", "year": 2022, "date": "2022-12-15", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "social", "retail", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "AkinRobotics lists ADA 7 among the models on its Konya serial-production lines (reported Nov 2024), used to greet guests, hand out brochures, promote products and dance at events.", "summary": "Newest robot of AkinRobotics' humanoid ADA reception-robot series, first shown to the public at the opening of the company's humanoid robot museum in Avcılar, Istanbul in December 2022, then launched at a Republic-centenary event in Konya in October 2023. Turkish press gives no dimensions or joint counts; the wheeled base follows the ADA series and is not stated in the cited articles.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-d2912ae569", "hs-ba99bec4f4" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2022-12-15", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/akinrobotics-ada-7-2022.jpg", "author": "AkinRobotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.akinrobotics.com/", "page": "https://www.akinrobotics.com/", "kind": "maker", "w": 520, "h": 580 } }, { "id": "toyota-cue6-2022", "name": "CUE6", "maker": "Toyota Motor Corporation", "makerId": "toyota", "country": "Japan", "year": 2022, "date": "2022-12-24", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Set the Guinness World Records title for the farthest basketball shot by a humanoid robot, 24.55 m, in September 2024.", "deployments": null, "summary": "Sixth-generation basketball humanoid with a three-axis throwing arm boosted by a spring mechanism and high-current motor drivers, built for ultra-long shots. Toyota does not describe how it moves around the court.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-5cd1ddf192", "hs-4918dab653" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2022-12-24", "event": "Half-time of Alvark Tokyo vs Shiga Lakes", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/mobility/frontier-research/38848314.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Electric joint motors in the right arm (shoulder, elbow, wrist), legs and waist; a Parallel Elastic Actuator spring on the elbow stores energy as the elbow bends and adds to motor torque; motor driver maximum current raised to 100 A.", "hands": "Simple ball-releasing hand on a three-axis throwing arm.", "sensors": "Joint encoders (the team had to reroute encoder wiring after inverter noise from the 100 A driver caused errors); no cameras or other sensors described.", "software": "Each joint follows a motion equation set by four parameters; throw parameters tuned with Bayesian optimisation while balancing torque margins across motors; a ball-flight simulation estimating drag and lift set the launch speed needed (16.3 m/s for 24.5 m; achieved 16.4 m/s).", "other": "Leaning the waist back about 10 degrees raised ball speed. Previous CUE record distance was 18 m (2021).", "sources": [ "hs-4918dab653", "hs-5cd1ddf192" ] }, "production": { "built": "1 (research robot)", "sold": "not sold", "where": "Toyota Frontier Research Center (Dynamic Robotics Group, R-Frontier Division), Japan", "customers": "Alvark Tokyo performances" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-03-19", "title": "Toyota engineers explain CUE6's record throw", "summary": "Toyota detailed the elbow spring, high-current drivers and Bayesian tuning behind CUE6's 24.55 m shot.", "publisher": "Toyota", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/mobility/frontier-research/42353162.html" }, { "date": "2024-09", "title": "CUE6 sets Guinness record for longest robot shot", "summary": "The robot scored from 24.55 m, the farthest basketball shot by a humanoid robot.", "publisher": "Toyota", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/mobility/frontier-research/42353162.html" }, { "date": "2022-12-24", "title": "CUE6 unveiled at Alvark Tokyo half-time", "summary": "Toyota showed the sixth CUE at the Alvark Tokyo vs Shiga Lakes game.", "publisher": "Toyota", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/mobility/frontier-research/38848314.html" } ], "video": { "id": "aBder-Ukymk", "title": "Toyota's Basketball Robot Makes Longest Ever Shot - Guinness World Records", "channel": "Guinness World Records" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/toyota-cue6-2022.jpg", "author": "Toyota Research Institute", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://global.toyota/en/mobility/frontier-research/42353162.html", "page": "https://global.toyota/en/mobility/frontier-research/42353162.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 667 } }, { "id": "westwood-robotics-bruce-2022", "name": "BRUCE", "maker": "Westwood Robotics (with UCLA RoMeLa)", "makerId": "westwood", "country": "United States", "year": 2022, "date": "2022-12-30", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "education" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 70, "weightKg": 4.8, "dof": 16, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 0.3, "priceUsd": 8890, "priceNote": "USD 15,290 standard; USD 8,890 limited-time offer (Westwood Robotics)", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "BRUCE (Bipedal Robot Unit with Compliance Enhanced) is a 70 cm kid-size biped built as an open research and teaching platform, the successor in spirit to RoMeLa's DARwIn-OP. Its 3000 mAh battery gives about 20 minutes of continuous dynamic motion.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-0623875778", "hs-d720666044" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2022-12-30", "event": "Video release covered by IEEE Spectrum Video Friday", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/video-friday-bruce" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "sold online by Westwood Robotics; open-source hardware and software" }, "components": { "actuators": "16 DoF driven by Westwood's BEAR back-drivable proprioceptive actuators.", "battery": "3000 mAh lithium battery, about 20 minutes of continuous dynamic motion.", "materials": "70 cm tall, 4.8 kg.", "software": "Open-source platform with developer wiki and GitHub for customers.", "other": "Developed at UCLA RoMeLa with Westwood Robotics as a next-generation successor to DARwIn-OP. Westwood offered cash prizes of up to USD 1,000 for completed mini-projects.", "sources": [ "hs-0623875778", "hs-d720666044" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sold commercially to researchers worldwide (numbers not disclosed)", "where": "Los Angeles area, USA", "customers": "Research and education labs" }, "news": [ { "date": "2022-12-30", "title": "BRUCE kid-size humanoid unveiled", "summary": "IEEE Spectrum showed the 70 cm, 4.8 kg BEAR-powered biped, to be open-sourced and sold by Westwood.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/video-friday-bruce" } ], "video": { "id": "hSx3REpCR_8", "title": "Announcing BRUCE: A kid-size humanoid robot open-platform for research and education.", "channel": "Westwood Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/westwood-robotics-bruce-2022.jpg", "author": "Westwood Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.westwoodrobotics.io/bruce/", "page": "https://www.westwoodrobotics.io/bruce/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 855 } }, { "id": "neura-4ne1-2023", "name": "4NE1", "maker": "NEURA Robotics", "makerId": "neura", "country": "Germany", "year": 2023, "date": "2023", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial", "home", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 180, "weightKg": 80, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 5, "payloadKg": 100, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "No official price; aggregators list about $111,000-$114,500 (unconfirmed). Reservations open.", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Germany's flagship humanoid; NEURA claimed about EUR 1 billion in orders in 2025.", "deployments": null, "summary": "NEURA's general-purpose humanoid, later shown in Gen 3 form and offered in legged, wheeled and extra-reach variants. Payload shown is the maker's maximum (10-100 kg depending on configuration).", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-276e32ee42", "hs-5df0c6262f" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2023", "event": "NEURA announcement of 4NE-1", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "reservations open; deliveries not confirmed" }, "components": { "actuators": "Force-torque feedback on all moving joints (New Atlas); NEURA formed a humanoid-actuator partnership with Schaeffler in November 2025.", "hands": "Human-like hands on swappable forearms for task-specific tools.", "sensors": "3D sensors in the torso for 360-degree vision, plus a sensor that detects people and moving objects even when blocked from view; NEURA lists 360-degree perception and a sensor skin.", "compute": "Not published by NEURA in sources opened; NEURA uses NVIDIA's Isaac GR00T platform.", "battery": "Not published by NEURA in sources opened.", "software": "Language model, computer vision and reinforcement learning; simulation training; autonomous or remote operation; Neuraverse app-store-style software ecosystem.", "other": "Wheeled versions for industrial floors and a 7th-axis version for extra reach; NEURA lists 10-100 kg payload and 5 km/h.", "sources": [ "hs-276e32ee42", "hs-5df0c6262f", "hs-900670d22e" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Reservations open; deliveries not confirmed.", "where": "Germany (development centralised in Zurich in late 2025)", "customers": "Schaeffler (actuators, plans for a mid-four-digit unit deployment by 2035)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-30", "title": "NEURA brings physical AI to healthcare", "summary": "NEURA announced a healthcare push.", "publisher": "NEURA Robotics", "url": "https://neura-robotics.com/news" }, { "date": "2026-08-13", "title": "NEURA buys ACTIVE Shuttle from Bosch Rexroth", "summary": "NEURA acquired the mobile-robot platform and folded it into its ecosystem.", "publisher": "NEURA Robotics", "url": "https://neura-robotics.com/news" }, { "date": "2026-06-10", "title": "NEURA Robotics Announces Record Series C of up to $1.4 Billion", "summary": "NEURA announced a Series C of up to $1.4 billion with Tether and other strategic investors.", "publisher": "NEURA Robotics", "url": "https://neura-robotics.com/record-series-c/" }, { "date": "2026-01-14", "title": "NEURA Robotics and Bosch Forge Partnership for Humanoid Robotics Made in Germany", "summary": "NEURA and Robert Bosch Robotics partnered on humanoid data, software, and industrial scaling in Germany.", "publisher": "NEURA Robotics", "url": "https://neura-robotics.com/neura-robotics-bosch-partnership/" }, { "date": "2024-08-01", "title": "4NE-1 shown with NVIDIA partnership", "summary": "A promo video showed household tasks alongside NEURA's NVIDIA tie-up.", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/robotics/neura-4ne1-humanoid-robot/?amp=true" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://neura-robotics.com/product/4ne1-reservation/", "type": "preorder", "label": "Reserve 4NE1 (refundable reservation)", "price": "EUR 100 refundable reservation; estimated EUR 98,000 per unit (1-19 units) or EUR 60,000 (20+), excl. taxes and shipping", "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "RpphFszxQbM", "title": "Discover 4NE-1: The era of household humanoids is coming soon.", "channel": "NEURA Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/neura-4ne1-2023.jpg", "author": "NEURA Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://neura-robotics.com/products/4ne1/", "page": "https://neura-robotics.com/products/4ne1/", "kind": "maker", "w": 743, "h": 686 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/neura.png", "author": "Neura Robotics GmbH", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neura_robotics_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neura_robotics_logo.svg", "article": "File:Neura robotics logo.svg" } }, { "id": "leju-kuavo-2023", "name": "Kuavo (Kuafu)", "maker": "Leju Robotics", "makerId": "leju", "country": "China", "year": 2023, "date": "2023", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial", "research", "education" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 4.6, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Among the first humanoids to run Huawei's HarmonyOS and Pangu AI model.", "deployments": "Batches deployed at FAW Hongqi's factory for logistics sorting in April 2025; 577 Kuavo units reported sold in 2025.", "summary": "Leju's full-size biped line, about 1.7 m tall, which can jump and walk on sand and grass; later versions include the 1.4 m KUAVO-MY and the bipedal/wheeled Kuavo 5. First-shown date taken from company history, not a dated launch report.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-9daae0c6d2", "hs-2e3983a328", "hs-28401d11e2" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2023", "event": "Leju launch", "url": null }, "released": { "date": "2024", "note": "sold to factories, labs and schools" }, "components": { "actuators": "26 DoF whole body (2024 tested version); later Kuavo-MY has 40+ DoF.", "hands": "Kuavo 5 has modular arms taking five-finger hands, grippers or claws.", "battery": "Kuavo 5: more than 8 hours per charge (company).", "software": "First humanoid on Huawei HarmonyOS, with Huawei Pangu embodied model (debuted HDC 2024); ROS-based open platform; imitation-learning data tools.", "other": "Can jump continuously above 20 cm (CAICT); Kuavo 5 adds wheel-leg switching and 20 kg payload.", "sources": [ "hs-d07c02f731", "hs-28401d11e2", "hs-9daae0c6d2", "hs-2e3983a328", "hs-9fba0701b7" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Omdia ranked Leju fourth in 2025 humanoid shipments (150-500 unit band).", "where": "China; export certification funded by pre-IPO round.", "customers": "NIO smart factory tests (July 2024); partners Huawei, Alibaba, Haier, China Mobile, China Telecom, Peking University." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-06-11", "title": "Leju KUAVO-5W carries totes at RTJ2026", "summary": "Robot integrator YATOMI Engineering demonstrated Leju's wheeled semi-humanoid variant KUAVO-5W moving returnable boxes (up to 10 kg with both arms) at Robot Technology Japan 2026.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2606/30/news015.html" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "title": "Omdia lists Leju fourth in 2025 shipments", "summary": "Leju was in the 150-500 unit band.", "publisher": "China Daily", "url": "https://investinchina.chinadaily.com.cn/s/202601/12/WS6964b698498e23165e06cba4/chinese-firms-lead-global-humanoid-robot-production-in-2025-report.html" }, { "date": "2025-10-25", "title": "Leju raises about $200 million pre-IPO", "summary": "1.5 billion yuan round from Shenzhen state funds, CITIC Goldstone and others.", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/leju-raises-200m-humanoid-production-unitree-unveils-h2-robot/" }, { "date": "2024-03-04", "title": "Kuavo passes CAICT general humanoid evaluation", "summary": "Tested across 13 dimensions; 26 DoF, about 45 kg, 4.6 km/h.", "publisher": "CAICT / CTTL-T", "url": "https://gma.caict.ac.cn/en/plat/cttl-t/lejurobot-kuavo-humanoid-pass-the-general-evaluation-performed-by-cttl" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://www.lejurobot.com/en/about-us/contact-us", "type": null, "label": "Contact Leju Robotics", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "tIuTn9iDvbQ", "title": "A Day in the Life of the Kuavo Humanoid Robot Delivering Express Parcels.", "channel": "Leju Robotics (@LejuRobotics)" } }, { "id": "aeolus-robotics-aeo-2023", "name": "aeo", "maker": "Aeolus Robotics", "makerId": "aeolus", "country": "United States", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-01-04", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "care", "healthcare", "retail", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 3.6, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Robot-as-a-Service subscription; price not disclosed", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Deployed with eldercare providers and property firms in Japan (from 2019-2020 with an earlier generation) and in dozens of facilities in Hong Kong and Taiwan by 2023.", "summary": "A wheeled dual-arm service humanoid unveiled at CES 2023, with two 7-DoF arms that each lift about 3.6 kg, used for night patrols and resident-posture checks in eldercare homes, hospital supply runs, security rounds, kiosk duty and UV disinfection; it can open doors and ride elevators. It is rented as a robot-as-a-service.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-364ea2ca6b", "hs-7fcc3e9f6f", "hs-9f2b4a4494" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2023-01-04", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/aeolus-robotics-aeo-2023.jpg", "author": "Aeolus Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.aeolusbot.com/", "page": "https://www.aeolusbot.com/", "kind": "maker", "w": 824, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "qss-sara-2023", "name": "Sara", "maker": "QSS AI & Robots (with Saudi Digital)", "makerId": "qss-ai", "country": "Saudi Arabia", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-02-07", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "social", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": 162, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Described as the first Saudi-made humanoid robot, approved as a 'Made in Saudi' product.", "deployments": "Greeted visitors at the Saudi Digital pavilion at LEAP 2023 and has since appeared at LEAP, DeepFest and the AI for Good summit and on Saudi TV.", "summary": "A bilingual Arabic-English female humanoid dressed in an abaya that greets visitors, answers questions and dances, running QSS's own language model trained to avoid politics and sex. About 1.62 m tall; no walking was reported, so locomotion is listed as static.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-8674766fe1", "hs-44da589188", "hs-8f644b25b2" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2023-02-07", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/qss-sara-2023.jpg", "author": "QSS AI & Robots (with Saudi Digital)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://qltyss.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/photo_2023-06-18_23-40-30-e1700360995172.jpg", "page": "https://qltyss.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/photo_2023-06-18_23-40-30-e1700360995172.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 500, "h": 667 } }, { "id": "romela-artemis-2023", "name": "ARTEMIS", "maker": "RoMeLa (Robotics & Mechanisms Laboratory), UCLA", "makerId": "romela", "country": "United States", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-03", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 142, "weightKg": 38.6, "dof": 20, "speedKmh": 7.6, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "UCLA billed it as the fastest-walking humanoid at 2.1 m/s in lab tests, and two ARTEMIS robots won every match of the RoboCup 2024 adult-size soccer tournament, scoring 45 goals.", "deployments": "Played RoboCup 2023 in Bordeaux and won the RoboCup 2024 adult-size humanoid soccer title in Eindhoven (July 2024).", "summary": "A full-size research biped from Dennis Hong's RoMeLa lab at UCLA, built for fast, robust walking and running on rough ground and in soccer. Its custom electric actuators are springy and force-controlled like muscles, so it stays upright when shoved; the lab later open-sourced its design, model and baseline controllers.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-09cf458b11", "hs-5ac24b7919", "hs-d78bfb9b90", "hs-98015f2954" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2023-03", "event": "UCLA unveiling ahead of RoboCup 2023 (competition debut July 2023, Bordeaux)", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artemis-worlds-fastest-robot" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Research robot, not sold; design open-sourced in 2025." }, "components": { "actuators": "20 active DoF with custom, springy, force-controlled electric proprioceptive actuators (high-torque quasi-direct-drive); no hydraulics.", "materials": "4 ft 8 in (about 142 cm) tall, 85 lb (about 39 kg); lightweight structure and specialised foot.", "software": "Model-based locomotion control with walking-to-running transitions, up to 2.1 m/s; hierarchical model-based soccer system; open-source motor driver, USB adapter, wireless e-stop, BMS, charger, URDF and full Onshape CAD.", "other": "Name stands for Advanced Robotic Technology for Enhanced Mobility and Improved Stability. Debuted at RoboCup 2023 in Bordeaux; won RoboCup 2024 AdultSize (Eindhoven) scoring 45 goals in six matches, beating NimbRo 6-1 in the final.", "sources": [ "hs-09cf458b11", "hs-5ac24b7919", "hs-8a2773857c" ] }, "production": { "built": "At least two units (RoboCup 2024 team)", "sold": "not sold", "where": "UCLA, Los Angeles, USA", "customers": "RoMeLa research and RoboCup team" }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-08-04", "title": "ARTEMIS wins RoboCup AdultSize", "summary": "I Programmer reported the 6-1 final win over NimbRo and RoMeLa's sixth RoboCup title.", "publisher": "I Programmer", "url": "https://www.i-programmer.info/news/169-robotics/17378-artemis-scores-at-robocup-2024.html" }, { "date": "2024-07-24", "title": "UCLA becomes six-time RoboCup champion", "summary": "UCLA said two ARTEMIS robots won every game in Eindhoven, funded by over 320 donors and an ONR grant.", "publisher": "UCLA Samueli School of Engineering", "url": "https://samueli.ucla.edu/ucla-engineers-become-6-time-robocup-soccer-world-champions/" }, { "date": "2023-03-12", "title": "UCLA's ARTEMIS walks at 2.1 m/s", "summary": "Interesting Engineering reported the springy-actuator humanoid's lab-tested walking speed and RoboCup 2023 preparations.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artemis-worlds-fastest-robot" } ], "video": { "id": "gTkupawAG6w", "title": "ARTEMIS: Advanced Robotic Technology for Enhanced Mobility and Improved Stability", "channel": "RoMeLa" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/romela-artemis-2023.jpg", "author": "RoMeLa (Robotics & Mechanisms Laboratory), UCLA", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://samueli.ucla.edu/artemis-uclas-most-advanced-humanoid-robot-gets-ready-for-action/", "page": "https://samueli.ucla.edu/artemis-uclas-most-advanced-humanoid-robot-gets-ready-for-action/", "kind": "maker", "w": 800, "h": 450 } }, { "id": "agility-digit-2023", "name": "Digit (2023 commercial version)", "maker": "Agility Robotics", "makerId": "agility", "country": "United States", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-03", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "logistics", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": 65, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 16, "batteryHours": 4, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "No list price. Agility's S-4 (reported Sept 2026, for Digit v5) gives Robots-as-a-Service at about $8,500/month plus a $25,000 deployment fee, or about $200,000 to buy plus about $36,000/year for software and maintenance.", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Digit was used in what Agility and GXO called the first humanoid Robots-as-a-Service contract (2024).", "deployments": "Moving totes for GXO (incl. the Spanx site near Atlanta) since 2024, passing 100,000 totes moved by Nov 2025; tested by Amazon from late 2023; Schaeffler, Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada and Mercado Libre announced deployments.", "summary": "Agility's warehouse humanoid, redesigned with a head and new end effectors and shown at ProMat 2023; built at the RoboFab factory in Salem, Oregon. A 2025 update added up to four hours of runtime and autonomous docking; a cooperatively safe Digit 5 is in development.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-136b91fd30", "hs-60bf4bcb7c", "hs-50db83b918" ], "canada": "Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada plans to deploy Digit in its Ontario plants.", "firstShown": { "date": "2023-03", "event": "ProMat 2023 trade show debut of the new Digit", "url": null }, "released": { "date": "2024-06", "note": "multi-year RaaS contract with GXO; units also sold to customers" }, "components": { "actuators": "Brushless DC motors with custom transmissions (describing the 2019 design; 2023 changes not itemised).", "hands": "Newly designed end effectors for grabbing, pulling and placing plastic totes (2023 version), not humanoid hands; five-fingered hands shown in a May 2026 innovation video.", "sensors": "LiDAR, four Intel RealSense depth cameras, MEMS IMU, joint encoders; 2023 version added upgraded sensors and cameras and a new head with animated LED eyes.", "compute": "Two Intel i7 CPUs plus a payload bay for a customer computer such as a Jetson.", "battery": "Custom 1.2 kWh lithium-polymer pack; 2023 version added capacity, faster charging and a new dock.", "materials": "Aluminium, thermoformed polycarbonate and carbon-fibre composite parts.", "software": "Linux-based real-time control OS; Agility Arc cloud platform links Digit to AMRs, WMS/MES and fleet metrics; physical AI stack updated over the cloud.", "other": "Digit 5 is billed as Agility's first cooperatively safe humanoid; partnership with FORT Robotics on safety (Oct 2026).", "sources": [ "hs-60bf4bcb7c", "hs-136b91fd30", "hs-2fd1dc5e7e", "hs-30036a2080", "hs-cd7af3bad3" ] }, "production": { "built": "Built at Agility's RoboFab factory in Salem, Oregon; unit total not published.", "sold": "S-4 filing (via The Robot Report, Sept 2026): 9 customer sites and 65,000+ cumulative operating hours; one undisclosed customer holds $300M+ in multi-year Digit v5 orders.", "where": "United States, Canada, Germany (Schaeffler), Latin America (Mercado Libre)", "customers": "GXO (RaaS, 2024; 100,000+ totes at Flowery Branch by Nov 2025), Schaeffler, Amazon (2023 pilot), Mercado Libre, Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-10-06", "title": "Agility holds analyst and investor day", "summary": "Agility livestreamed an investor day ahead of its planned listing.", "publisher": "Agility Robotics", "url": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com/content" }, { "date": "2026-10-01", "title": "Safety partnership with FORT Robotics", "summary": "Agility and FORT Robotics announced work on humanoid safety.", "publisher": "Agility Robotics", "url": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com/content" }, { "date": "2026-09-07", "title": "S-4 shows small revenue ahead of SPAC", "summary": "Filings show 9 customer sites, 65,000+ hours and a $2.5B SPAC deal with Churchill Capital Corp XI.", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/agility-robotics-reports-18m-revenue-ahead-of-humanoid-spac/" }, { "date": "2026-03-05", "title": "Agility rebrands", "summary": "The company announced a new brand as 'Agility'.", "publisher": "Agility Robotics", "url": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com/content" }, { "date": "2025-11-20", "title": "Digit passes 100,000 totes at GXO", "summary": "Agility said Digit moved over 100,000 totes in live production at GXO's Flowery Branch site.", "publisher": "Agility Robotics", "url": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com/content/digit-moves-over-100k-totes" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com/sales", "type": null, "label": "Deploy Digit (contact sales)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "rnFZAB9ogEE", "title": "The Next Generation of Digit: Enabling Humans to be More Human", "channel": "Agility", "display": true }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/agility-digit-2023-1.jpg", "author": "Web Summit, Flickr", "license": "CC BY 2.0", "licenseUrl": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/websummit/54200492170/", "page": "https://www.flickr.com/photos/websummit/54200492170/", "via": "Flickr", "w": 667, "h": 1000 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/agility.png", "author": "Agility Robotics", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Agility_Robotics_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Agility_Robotics_logo.svg", "article": "File:Agility Robotics logo.svg" } }, { "id": "figure-01-2023", "name": "Figure 01", "maker": "Figure AI", "makerId": "figure-ai", "country": "United States", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-03", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "logistics", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 168, "weightKg": 60, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 4.3, "payloadKg": 20, "batteryHours": 5, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "First robot from Figure AI, which became the best-funded Western humanoid start-up.", "deployments": "Signed a commercial agreement with BMW Manufacturing in Jan 2024 for the Spartanburg, South Carolina plant.", "summary": "Figure's first bipedal humanoid, revealed in 2023 and shown walking later that year, aimed at warehouse and factory labor. In 2024 it was shown talking through an OpenAI language model.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-99f05b2d89", "hs-289b516acd" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2023-03", "event": "Company reveal of Figure 01 images, walking video later in 2023", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not sold; used in BMW trial work" }, "components": { "actuators": "Electric actuators (details not published); Figure 01 used external cabling for easier maintenance, which Figure 02 later routed inside the limbs.", "hands": "Five-fingered hands; Figure has not published DoF for Figure 01 (Figure 02 used fourth-generation hands).", "sensors": "Cameras and microphones (counts not published).", "compute": "On-board compute about one third of Figure 02's, per Figure's comparison when Figure 02 launched.", "battery": "Battery about one third smaller than Figure 02's (Figure says Figure 02 has 50% more capacity); kWh not published.", "materials": "Chrome metal finish with exposed external cabling.", "software": "Speech-to-speech demos in 2024 used models built with OpenAI; later work moved to Figure's own Helix models.", "sources": [ "hs-99f05b2d89", "hs-be0a15cd8e" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not sold; used for testing and BMW trial preparation.", "where": "United States", "customers": "BMW Group Plant Spartanburg (agreement January 2024)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-08-06", "title": "Figure 02 replaces Figure 01", "summary": "Figure launched its second-generation robot after a several-week Figure trial at BMW Spartanburg.", "publisher": "BMW Group", "url": "https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/usa/article/detail/T0444268EN_US/successful-test-of-humanoid-robots-at-bmw-group-plant-spartanburg" }, { "date": "2024-02-29", "title": "Figure Raises $675M at $2.6B Valuation and Signs Collaboration Agreement with OpenAI", "summary": "Figure raised $675 million at a $2.6 billion valuation, with investors including Microsoft, OpenAI Startup Fund, NVIDIA, Jeff Bezos through Bezos Expeditions and Intel Capital.", "publisher": "Figure AI (PR Newswire)", "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/figure-raises-675m-at-2-6b-valuation-and-signs-collaboration-agreement-with-openai-302074897.html" }, { "date": "2024-01-18", "title": "Figure announces commercial agreement with BMW Manufacturing to bring general purpose robots into automotive production", "summary": "Figure signed an agreement with BMW Manufacturing to identify use cases and then deploy humanoid robots in stages at Spartanburg.", "publisher": "Figure AI (PR Newswire)", "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/figure-announces-commercial-agreement-with-bmw-manufacturing-to-bring-general-purpose-robots-into-automotive-production-302036263.html" }, { "date": "2023-05-24", "title": "Figure announces $70M Series A to support commercialization of Figure 01 humanoid robot", "summary": "Figure announced a $70 million Series A led by Parkway Venture Capital, with participation from Brett Adcock and other investors.", "publisher": "Figure AI (PR Newswire)", "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/figure-announces-70m-series-a-to-support-commercialization-of-figure-01-humanoid-robot-301832819.html" } ], "video": { "id": "-4erYt2t7Bs", "title": "Figure 01 Dynamic Walking", "channel": "Figure (@figureai)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/figure-01-2023.jpg", "author": "Figure AI", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231230165430/https://www.figure.ai/", "page": "https://web.archive.org/web/20231230165430/https://www.figure.ai/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 812 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/figure-ai.png", "author": "Figure AI", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Figure-ai-logo.svg", "article": "Figure AI" } }, { "id": "tesla-optimus-gen1-2023", "name": "Optimus (Gen 1)", "maker": "Tesla", "makerId": "tesla", "country": "United States", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-03", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 173, "weightKg": 57, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 20, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Tesla's first walking Optimus units, shown at Investor Day 2023 after the rough AI Day 2022 prototypes.", "deployments": null, "summary": "First-generation Tesla humanoid shown walking and doing simple tasks in early 2023 videos; it grew out of the semi-functional prototypes Tesla walked on stage at AI Day in September 2022. Height, weight and payload are Tesla's planned figures.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-0bbf05658b" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2023-03", "event": "Tesla Investor Day video (earlier prototypes shown at AI Day, Sept 2022)", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not for sale; internal development robot" }, "components": { "actuators": "28 actuators (rotary and linear), as Tesla described for the AI Day 2022 prototype that preceded the 2023 robot; six actuator designs (secondary reporting).", "hands": "11 DoF per hand driven by 6 actuators, with metallic tendons and an in-hand controller (AI Day 2022 description).", "sensors": "Cameras feeding Autopilot-derived neural networks; audio support (camera count not published).", "compute": "A single Tesla SoC in the torso, derived from the FSD computer, with Wi-Fi and LTE.", "battery": "2.3 kWh pack in the chest with charge management and power distribution on one board; Tesla claimed a full day of work.", "software": "Neural networks adapted from Tesla's driver-assistance (FSD) software and retrained for the robot.", "other": "Figures above are from Tesla's AI Day 2022 presentation; Tesla did not publish a separate spec sheet for the 2023 robot.", "sources": [ "hs-ed6e60b77a", "hs-72bcaf0858", "hs-0bbf05658b" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not sold; internal development robot.", "where": "United States" }, "news": [ { "date": "2023-12-13", "title": "Optimus Gen 2 succeeds Gen 1", "summary": "Tesla's Gen 2 video showed a lighter robot with faster walking and tactile fingers.", "publisher": "Drive Tesla Canada", "url": "https://driveteslacanada.ca/news/tesla-unveils-optimus-gen-2-a-leap-forward-in-humanoid-robotics-with-enhanced-speed-precision-and-dexterity/" }, { "date": "2023-09-26", "title": "Tesla’s Optimus robot sorts coloured blocks and strikes yoga poses", "summary": "Tesla’s September video showed block sorting, limb-location awareness and yoga poses.", "publisher": "The National", "url": "https://www.thenationalnews.com/business/technology/2023/09/26/teslas-optimus-robot-sorts-coloured-blocks-and-strikes-yoga-poses/" }, { "date": "2022-10-01", "title": "AI Day 2022 prototype detailed", "summary": "Tesla gave 2.3 kWh battery, 28 actuators and 11-DoF hands for its prototype.", "publisher": "Mezha.ua", "url": "https://mezha.ua/en/2022/10/01/elon-musk-presented-a-prototype-of-the-optimus-humanoid-robot/" } ], "video": { "id": "XiQkeWOFwmk", "title": "Tesla Bot Update", "channel": "Tesla" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/tesla-optimus-gen1-2023-1.jpg", "author": "Benjamin Ceci", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Optimus_Tesla.jpg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Optimus_Tesla.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 589, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "sanctuary-phoenix-gen6-2023", "name": "Phoenix (6th generation)", "maker": "Sanctuary AI", "makerId": "sanctuary-ai", "country": "Canada", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-05-16", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "retail", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": 70, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 4.8, "payloadKg": 25, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Canada's best-known general-purpose humanoid; did paid work in a retail store before most rivals.", "deployments": "Completed a first commercial deployment in March 2023 at a Mark's store in Langley, BC, doing over 100 tasks.", "summary": "Sixth-generation Sanctuary robot with 20-degree-of-freedom hydraulic hands and the Carbon AI control system, aimed at general labor. Sanctuary's demos often used a wheeled-base or upper-body configuration.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-6473d31b02", "hs-43750035bd" ], "canada": "Built by Sanctuary AI of Vancouver, BC; first deployment at a Mark's store in Langley, BC.", "firstShown": { "date": "2023-05-16", "event": "Sanctuary AI unveiling", "url": "https://sanctuaryai.substack.com/p/sanctuary-ai-unveils-phoenix-a-humanoid" }, "released": { "date": "2023-03", "note": "paid retail pilot at Mark's (Canadian Tire group)" }, "components": { "actuators": "Hydraulically actuated hands (Sanctuary later describes miniaturised hydraulics); body actuator details not published.", "hands": "20 DoF per hand with proprietary haptic (touch) sensing.", "sensors": "Sanctuary calls it its most sensor-rich humanoid; specifics not published.", "compute": "Not published.", "battery": "Not published.", "software": "Carbon AI control system combining symbolic reasoning with LLMs, deep and reinforcement learning, physics-realistic simulation, and human-in-the-loop teleoperation and fleet management.", "other": "Payload up to 25 kg (55 lb); top speed about 4.8 km/h (3 mph).", "sources": [ "hs-6473d31b02", "hs-20c3aaf445" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Paid commercial deployment from March 2023 (company); units not disclosed.", "where": "Canada", "customers": "Mark's and Sport Chek (Canadian Tire group retail deployments)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-08-29", "title": "Sanctuary also sells its robot brain", "summary": "Forbes coverage listed by Sanctuary says it now licenses its AI for other robots as well as building Phoenix.", "publisher": "Sanctuary AI", "url": "https://www.sanctuary.ai/news" }, { "date": "2026-06", "title": "Physical AI strategy extends to industrial robots", "summary": "Sanctuary said it was applying its AI to industrial robotics platforms beyond Phoenix.", "publisher": "Sanctuary AI", "url": "https://www.sanctuary.ai/news" }, { "date": "2024-11-11", "title": "Co-founder Geordie Rose steps down as CEO", "summary": "Chief commercial officer James Wells became interim CEO; Sanctuary had raised up to $140M.", "publisher": "The Logic", "url": "https://thelogic.co/news/sanctuary-ai-ceo-geordie-rose-out/" }, { "date": "2024-04-25", "title": "Seventh-generation Phoenix replaces Gen 6", "summary": "Sanctuary unveiled Gen 7 with faster task automation and lower build cost.", "publisher": "VKTR", "url": "https://www.vktr.com/the-wire/sanctuary-ai-unveils-the-next-generation-of-ai-robotics/" }, { "date": "2023-05-16", "title": "Phoenix unveiled", "summary": "Sanctuary introduced Phoenix and its Carbon AI control system.", "publisher": "Sanctuary AI", "url": "https://sanctuaryai.substack.com/p/sanctuary-ai-unveils-phoenix-a-humanoid" } ], "buyNone": "Sanctuary's site no longer markets Phoenix; it now offers 'Commercial Inquiries' for its AI on third-party robots.", "video": { "id": "w4qkmH-K1TE", "title": "Robots Doing Stuff #41 - Meet Phoenix, Our New Robot", "channel": "Sanctuary AI" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/sanctuary-phoenix-gen6-2023.jpg", "author": "Sanctuary AI", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://sanctuary.ai/news/sanctuary-ai-unveils-phoenix-a-humanoid-general-purpose-robot-designed-for-work/", "page": "https://sanctuary.ai/news/sanctuary-ai-unveils-phoenix-a-humanoid-general-purpose-robot-designed-for-work/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 586 } }, { "id": "prosper-robotics-alfie-2023", "name": "Alfie", "maker": "Prosper Robotics", "makerId": "prosper", "country": "United Kingdom", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-06", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "home" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Not on sale. Target price GBP 5,000-10,000 plus subscription (2023); about USD 10,000-15,000 (MIT Technology Review, Dec 2024)", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A London-built household 'robot butler' with two arms and a head on a torso-like column over a wheeled base, aimed at chores such as loading dishwashers, wiping tables and taking out rubbish. Founder Shariq Hashme expects early units to do only about 20% of tasks on their own, with remote assistants teleoperating the rest.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-cdeee12af4", "hs-ea01e774ec" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2023-06", "event": "Prototype demo videos and press coverage (earliest found)", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/this-robot-butler-will-tackle-all-your-household-chores" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "In development as of Dec 2024; not on sale." }, "components": { "actuators": "Wheeled base with a torso-like vertical column; two arms that raise and lower for different tasks.", "hands": "Two arms with grippers; shown wiping surfaces, rinsing dishes, loading a dishwasher and tidying.", "sensors": "Cameras and sensors feed remote operators (no detailed list published).", "software": "Remote assistants (some in the Philippines) using game-style controllers handle most tasks at first; the first version was expected to do about 20% of tasks autonomously, learning from operator data. Prosper said it would blur faces and let users delete footage.", "other": "Two emergency-stop buttons. Character designed by former Pixar animator Buck Lewis. Off-the-shelf connectors re-engineered for a moving system to cut cost.", "sources": [ "hs-cdeee12af4", "hs-ea01e774ec", "hs-1c34f233c3" ] }, "production": { "built": "Prototypes", "sold": "not sold (pre-launch)", "where": "London (Hackney), United Kingdom", "customers": "About 20 households signed up for alpha testing (2023 report)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-12-23", "title": "Prosper's Alfie to rely on remote assistants", "summary": "MIT Technology Review said Alfie would handle about 20% of chores itself, with remote workers doing the rest, at a hoped-for USD 10,000-15,000.", "publisher": "MIT Technology Review", "url": "https://www.technologyreview.com/2024/12/23/1108466/general-purpose-robots-humanoids-ai-remote-assistants/" }, { "date": "2023-06-04", "title": "London startup builds a robot butler", "summary": "Interesting Engineering reported Prosper's teleoperated home robot, a planned GBP 5,000-10,000 price and a monthly subscription.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/this-robot-butler-will-tackle-all-your-household-chores" } ] }, { "id": "enchanted-tools-mirokai-2023", "name": "Mirokaï (Miroki / Miroka)", "maker": "Enchanted Tools", "makerId": "enchanted-tools", "country": "France", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-06", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "healthcare", "care", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 130, "weightKg": 30, "dof": 28, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 3, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 32400, "priceNote": "Target price EUR 30,000 per robot (about $32,400 at 2023 rates); not confirmed as a sales price.", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Hospital logistics humanoid from Jérôme Monceaux, co-creator of NAO and Pepper.", "deployments": "Tested at AP-HP's Broca hospital in Paris carrying medicines and meal trays; first research unit delivered to ISIR.", "summary": "Cartoon-styled humanoid that rolls on a ball base and carries supplies for nurses; a revised version was shown at CES 2025.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-cd3ed90678", "hs-03075cb8e1" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2023-06", "event": "VivaTech Paris launch (first prototype shown about eight months earlier)", "url": "https://www.euronews.com/2023/06/19/meet-the-mirokai-ai-robots-from-another-galaxy-set-to-lend-a-helping-hand-in-paris-hospita" }, "released": { "date": "2024-07", "note": "first robot delivered to the ISIR research lab July 2024; hospital and care pilots since" }, "components": { "actuators": "26 motors, 26 DoF: neck 3, each arm 4, each wrist 3, each hand 2, each ear 1, ball base 3; ISIR's research unit uses whole-body control of 22 actuators.", "hands": "Two 2-DoF hands with Hall-effect and contact sensors; detachable arm ends on the 2025 version.", "sensors": "2 RGB-D cameras, 2 infrared cameras, 9 time-of-flight cameras, 8 torque sensors, 6 ultrasound sensors, 4 microphones, 3 IMUs, Bluetooth receiver.", "compute": "Two NVIDIA Jetson NX modules.", "battery": "About 4 hours; about 1 hour to charge.", "materials": "Plastic shell over a mostly aluminium structure; animated face on a screen.", "software": "Custom Linux; multiple AI layers for voice commands, navigation and logistics tasks.", "other": "Balances on a ball (ball-bot base) for compliant movement among people; about 3.2 km/h.", "sources": [ "hs-03075cb8e1", "hs-cd3ed90678", "hs-052d680a0b", "hs-dd5d9398b7" ] }, "production": { "sold": "First robot delivered to the ISIR lab in July 2024; hospital and care pilots since; Enchanted Tools aimed at 100,000 units in 10 years (2023 goal).", "where": "France, United States", "customers": "Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (since 2025), Annie Girardot nursing home, Lyon-Saint-Exupery Airport, Mather Institute and LiveOak Day Care (US, 2026), ISIR" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-02-19", "title": "Mirokai greets guests at opening of Nojima's MIRAI ROBO SQUARE", "summary": "Electronics retailer Nojima opened a 660 m2 robot showroom in Shinagawa, Tokyo, where Enchanted Tools' Mirokai (via distributor Nagakura) took part in the opening ceremony.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2603/05/news030.html" }, { "date": "2026-01", "title": "Mather senior-living pilot study", "summary": "Enchanted Tools reported a pilot of companion robots in US senior living.", "publisher": "Enchanted Tools", "url": "https://enchanted.tools/" }, { "date": "2025-12", "title": "APREH partnership", "summary": "Enchanted Tools announced a multi-year partnership with APREH.", "publisher": "Enchanted Tools", "url": "https://enchanted.tools/" }, { "date": "2025-11", "title": "Miroka works as Lyon Airport concierge", "summary": "The robot spent two weeks guiding travellers at Lyon-Saint-Exupery.", "publisher": "Enchanted Tools", "url": "https://enchanted.tools/" }, { "date": "2025-01-08", "title": "New-look Mirokai at CES 2025", "summary": "Smaller arms, detachable hands and voice activation; already accompanying children in radiotherapy.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ces-2025/new-look-mirokai-robot-assists-patients" }, { "date": "2024-07-17", "title": "First robot delivered to ISIR", "summary": "Sorbonne's ISIR lab received a research Mirokai for mobile-manipulation work.", "publisher": "ISIR (Sorbonne Universite)", "url": "https://www.isir.upmc.fr/news/enchanted-tools-delivers-its-first-robot-to-isir?lang=en" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://enchanted.tools/buy-mirokai", "type": null, "label": "Order your Mirokai (request form)", "price": null, "regions": "Partner resellers listed in USA, Peru, France, Germany, Italy, Saudi Arabia, Japan", "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/enchanted-tools-mirokai-2023.jpg", "author": "Enchanted Tools", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://enchanted.tools/", "page": "https://enchanted.tools/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 667 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/enchanted-tools.png", "author": "Enchanted Tools", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Enchanted_Tools_Logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Enchanted_Tools_Logo.svg", "article": "File:Enchanted Tools Logo.svg" } }, { "id": "hit-dexbot-2023", "name": "Dexbot", "maker": "Harbin Institute of Technology", "makerId": "harbin-institute-of", "country": "China", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-06-01", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 56, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A research humanoid from Harbin Institute of Technology with a humanoid upper body on a tracked, leg-like mobile base that can change into about ten configurations, aimed at jobs such as disaster response. It has 56 powered joints. Locomotion is tracks rather than wheels; listed as wheels for lack of a better category.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-09ad10890e" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2023-06-01", "event": "IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters publication", "url": "https://hit.globalimpact.cn/en/publications/a-multi-configuration-track-legged-humanoid-robot-for-dexterous-m/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot; secondary sites say HIT-linked BOSHIAC (Harbin Boshi Automation) is developing a DexBot version, not confirmed from a primary source" }, "components": { "actuators": "56 active DoF across a humanoid upper body and a track-legged mobile platform; lightweight, highly integrated design.", "hands": "Dexterous manipulation is a stated design goal (hand details are in the full paper, not the abstract).", "other": "Track-legged base transforms into about ten configurations to combine dexterity and mobility.", "sources": [ "hs-09ad10890e" ] }, "production": { "built": "Research prototype", "sold": "not sold", "where": "Harbin, China (School of Mechatronics Engineering, HIT)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2023-06-01", "title": "HIT publishes Dexbot design in RA-L", "summary": "IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters published the 56-DoF multi-configuration track-legged humanoid design.", "publisher": "IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (via HIT research portal)", "url": "https://hit.globalimpact.cn/en/publications/a-multi-configuration-track-legged-humanoid-robot-for-dexterous-m/" } ] }, { "id": "fourier-gr1-2023", "name": "GR-1", "maker": "Fourier (Fourier Intelligence)", "makerId": "fourier", "country": "China", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-07-06", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "care", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 165, "weightKg": 55, "dof": 40, "speedKmh": 5, "payloadKg": 50, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "One of the first Chinese humanoids pitched for mass production, from a company that started in rehabilitation robots.", "deployments": "Small batches delivered to universities and AI firms in 2023; Fourier aimed at about 100 units by end of 2023.", "summary": "A 1.65 m, 55 kg electric humanoid with about 40 joints, shown at the World Artificial Intelligence Conference in Shanghai. Fourier said it could carry a 50 kg load at walking pace.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-1d0a578fa9", "hs-520127febd" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2023-07-06", "event": "World Artificial Intelligence Conference, Shanghai", "url": "https://yicaiglobal.com/news/20230706-04-chinas-fourier-intelligence-debuts-general-purpose-humanoid-robot-at-world-ai-conference" }, "released": { "date": "2023", "note": "small batches to research buyers" }, "components": { "actuators": "40 degrees of freedom; Fourier's own joint modules with a hip module peaking at 300 Nm (press). Fourier pitched electric joints as cheaper to mass-produce than hydraulics.", "other": "Walks 5 km/h and carries a 50 kg load (company claims at launch). Battery, sensors and compute not published in sources found.", "sources": [ "hs-1d0a578fa9", "hs-520127febd", "hs-9fba0701b7" ] }, "production": { "sold": "No GR-1 count published; Omdia put Fourier (all humanoids) at 150-500 units in 2025.", "where": "Sold to research buyers worldwide (Fourier says it serves 40+ countries)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-01-12", "title": "Omdia lists Fourier sixth in 2025 humanoid shipments", "summary": "Fourier was among makers shipping roughly 150-500 units each.", "publisher": "China Daily", "url": "https://investinchina.chinadaily.com.cn/s/202601/12/WS6964b698498e23165e06cba4/chinese-firms-lead-global-humanoid-robot-production-in-2025-report.html" }, { "date": "2025-01-08", "title": "Fourier raises about $109 million Series E", "summary": "Prosperity7 among backers of the round, Fourier's largest.", "publisher": "DealStreetAsia", "url": "https://dealstreetasia.com/?p=425571" }, { "date": "2023-07-06", "title": "Fourier debuts GR-1 at WAIC Shanghai", "summary": "The 1.65 m, 55 kg robot with 40 DoF was slated for mass production at the end of 2023.", "publisher": "Yicai Global", "url": "https://yicaiglobal.com/news/20230706-04-chinas-fourier-intelligence-debuts-general-purpose-humanoid-robot-at-world-ai-conference" } ], "buyNone": "Shown only as a past generation on Fourier's GRx page (no product page or buy path); current line is GR-3.", "video": { "id": "BvFxD-8AhJA", "title": "There is strength in numbers! Fourier GR-1 humanoid robots making strides", "channel": "Fourier (@FourierIntelligence-Robotics)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/fourier-gr1-2023.jpg", "author": "Fourier", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-Latest-WhatsNew/20241211/487480d1c2f7494aa9a03f9054f40452.html", "page": "https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-Latest-WhatsNew/20241211/487480d1c2f7494aa9a03f9054f40452.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 900, "h": 506 } }, { "id": "kaist-pibot-2023", "name": "Pibot", "maker": "KAIST (David Hyunchul Shim's lab)", "makerId": "kaist", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-07-19", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "research", "military" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": 160, "weightKg": 65, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Billed by KAIST as the first humanoid built to fly an unmodified aircraft from the pilot's seat.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 160 cm humanoid that sits in a cockpit and works the controls with its own arms and fingers, using cameras to read instruments, so a plane can fly without being modified. It has flown in a simulator; the team aimed for a real flight by 2026, funded by Korea's defence research agency.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-e7a9e00780", "hs-1930698cec", "hs-ab7cf61f96" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2023-07-19", "event": "KAIST announcement reported by Korean press", "url": "https://v.daum.net/v/20230719174423939" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research prototype, never sold" }, "components": { "hands": "Articulated arms and fingers that work standard cockpit controls without modifying the aircraft.", "sensors": "Cameras read cockpit instruments and watch outside the aircraft.", "materials": "160 cm tall, 65 kg.", "software": null, "other": "Funded by South Korea's Agency for Defense Development with 5.7 billion won (about USD 4.5 million); project ran 2022-2026 with a light-aircraft test flight planned. Successor to a small 2016 robot pilot shown in a simulator at IROS 2016. Team says it could later drive cars or armoured vehicles.", "sources": [ "hs-e7a9e00780", "hs-ab7cf61f96", "hs-1930698cec" ] }, "production": { "built": "Research prototype", "sold": "not sold", "where": "Daejeon, South Korea (KAIST)", "customers": "Agency for Defense Development (funder)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2023-08-16", "title": "Pibot humanoid pilot uses LLMs", "summary": null, "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-can-fly-an-aircraft" }, { "date": "2023-07-19", "title": "KAIST develops first humanoid robot pilot", "summary": "Korea JoongAng Daily said the ADD-funded project aims to finish by 2026 with a light-aircraft test flight.", "publisher": "Korea JoongAng Daily via Daum", "url": "https://v.daum.net/v/20230719174423939" } ], "video": { "id": "r6vpzwjyeP8", "title": "Meet 'PIBOT,' the robot who can fly planes", "channel": "Reuters" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kaist-pibot-2023.jpg", "author": "KAIST Hubo Lab (Humanoid Robot Research Center), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://news.kaist.ac.kr/newsen/html/news/?mode=V&mng_no=62630", "page": "https://news.kaist.ac.kr/newsen/html/news/?mode=V&mng_no=62630", "kind": "maker", "w": 800, "h": 431 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/kaist.png", "author": "KAIST", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KAIST_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KAIST_logo.svg", "article": "KAIST" } }, { "id": "unitree-h1-2023", "name": "H1", "maker": "Unitree Robotics", "makerId": "unitree", "country": "China", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-08", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 180, "weightKg": 47, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 11.9, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 90000, "priceNote": "About $90,000 as widely reported; Interesting Engineering gave an expected $90,000-150,000 in March 2024. Unitree does not show a price on its H1 page.", "hands": "none", "firsts": "Guinness-recognised in March 2024 as the fastest full-size humanoid at 3.3 m/s, beating Atlas's 2.5 m/s.", "deployments": "Sold to labs worldwide; H1 units won four golds at the 2025 World Humanoid Robot Games and danced at China's 2025 Spring Festival Gala.", "summary": "Unitree's first full-size electric humanoid, about 1.8 m tall and 47 kg, with a quick-swap 864 Wh battery. The base model has 5 joints per leg and 4 per arm; Unitree's page gives no total DOF.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-dc4054203a", "hs-e519d64c47", "hs-870d825bd5" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2023-08", "event": "Unitree launch video (August 2023)", "url": null }, "released": { "date": "2024", "note": "pre-orders open by March 2024 with deliveries planned from mid-2024" }, "components": { "actuators": "Unitree M107 joint motors: low-inertia, high-speed internal-rotor permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM).; H1 has 5 DoF per leg and 4 per arm; peak torque about 360 Nm knee, 220 Nm hip, 59 Nm ankle, 75 Nm arm; The later H1-2 variant has 27 DoF (6 per leg, 7 per arm) with 120 Nm shoulder/elbow and 30 Nm wrist", "hands": "No hands on the original H1 (arms end in padded stubs). H1-2 can take the optional Dex5-1 or other dexterous hands.", "sensors": "3D LiDAR plus depth camera giving 360-degree depth perception.", "compute": "Intel Core i5 for platform functions and Intel Core i7 for user development as standard; optional NVIDIA Orin NX or other modules.", "battery": "15 Ah, 864 Wh pack (0.863 kWh in press), 67.2 V max; quick-replaceable. Runtime not stated.", "software": "OTA-upgradeable motion control; reinforcement-learning locomotion demos (jumps, stairs, push recovery).", "other": "Guinness record for fastest full-size humanoid at 3.3 m/s (March 2024).", "sources": [ "hs-dc4054203a", "hs-e519d64c47", "hs-870d825bd5", "hs-fc19fa651b", "hs-5bc87d090d" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Unitree says it shipped more than 5,500 humanoids in 2025 and produced over 6,500 (company figure, all models, wheeled dual-arm excluded); its prospectus counts 5,632 humanoids sold 2023-2025. Omdia estimated 4,200 Unitree humanoids in 2025. No per-model split published.", "where": "Sold worldwide through Unitree and resellers; overseas sales were 43.65% of 2025 main-business revenue (company).", "customers": "Unitree says about 73.6% of humanoid revenue in Jan-Sep 2025 came from research and education buyers; no named H1 customers found." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-08-19", "title": "Unitree lists on Shanghai's STAR Market", "summary": "Unitree (688836.SH) opened at 1,100 yuan against a 150.80 yuan IPO price after raising about 6.1 billion yuan.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/unitree-surges-629-at-open-one-lot-yields-up-to-470000-yuan-market-cap-exceeds-400-billion-yuan-2090018320131842049" }, { "date": "2026-08-11", "title": "Unitree IPO subscriptions open", "summary": "The prospectus shows 1.70 billion yuan revenue in 2025 and 5,632 humanoids sold from 2023 to 2025 (company figures).", "publisher": "Shanghai Stock Exchange", "url": "https://english.sse.com.cn/news/newsrelease/voice/c/c_20260811_10828578.shtml" }, { "date": "2026-01-22", "title": "Unitree says it shipped over 5,500 humanoids in 2025", "summary": "Company figure counting only delivered units; Omdia had estimated about 4,200.", "publisher": "Jiemian", "url": "https://en.jiemian.com/article/13924474.html" }, { "date": "2025-08-15", "title": "H1 wins 1500 m and 400 m golds at World Humanoid Robot Games", "summary": "H1 ran 6:34.40 in the 1500 m and 1:28.03 in the 400 m in Beijing.", "publisher": "Robotics 24/7", "url": "https://www.robotics247.com/article/unitree_h1_earns_two_gold_medals_at_world_humanoid_robot_games" }, { "date": "2024-03-04", "title": "H1 sets Guinness record for fastest full-size humanoid", "summary": "Recorded 3.3 m/s walking speed, beating the earlier Atlas mark; pre-orders open for mid-2024 delivery.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/unitree-world-record-fastest-humanoid-robot" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://shop.unitree.com/products/unitree-h1", "type": null, "label": "Unitree store listing - contact sales", "price": "$90,000.00 USD (listing titled 'Contact us for the real price')", "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/unitree-h1-2023.jpg", "author": "Unitree Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://shop.unitree.com/products/unitree-h1", "page": "https://shop.unitree.com/products/unitree-h1", "kind": "maker", "w": 569, "h": 569 } }, { "id": "agibot-raise-a1-2023", "name": "RAISE A1 (Yuanzheng / Expedition A1)", "maker": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)", "makerId": "agibot", "country": "China", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-08-18", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": 53, "dof": 49, "speedKmh": 7, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Never sold; at launch AgiBot targeted a price under 200,000 yuan (about $30,000).", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Shown just six months after AgiBot was founded by ex-Huawei engineer Peng Zhihui.", "deployments": null, "summary": "AgiBot's first full-size biped, about 1.75 m tall with 49 or more joints. Sources give 53 kg or 55 kg; it was never mass-produced and led to the A2 series.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-db43e59ca4", "hs-3dba43fcc9", "hs-e5968ed4db" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2023-08-18", "event": "AgiBot launch event, Shanghai", "url": "https://amp.kr-asia.com/expedition-a1-is-a-robot-that-can-cook-do-laundry-and-take-care-of-the-elderly" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "PowerFlow integrated quasi-direct-drive joints: 350+ Nm peak, 1.6 kg each, planetary reducers under 10:1, coaxial dual encoders, liquid cooling, in-house vector-control driver. 49+ DoF overall.", "hands": "SkillHand: 12 active and 5 passive DoF, all drives inside the hand, visual/tactile fingertip sensors; swappable tools such as screwdrivers and drills.", "sensors": "Microphone array, LiDAR, RGB-D camera, visual fingertip sensors.", "compute": "200 TOPS (as listed by AgiBot).", "battery": "Not published; liquid cooling cited for longer operation per charge.", "software": "EI-Brain hierarchy (cloud superbrain, brain, cerebellum, brainstem); WorkGPT task-level multimodal model; VLM trained on AgiBot's robot task dataset.", "other": "Walks up to 7 km/h; 5 kg per arm.", "sources": [ "hs-db43e59ca4", "hs-e5968ed4db", "hs-3dba43fcc9" ] }, "production": { "built": "Prototype; not sold as a product.", "where": "China" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-30", "title": "IDC: AgiBot led H1 2026 humanoid shipments", "summary": "AgiBot shipped over 8,600 humanoids (about 35% of ~25,000) and reached 20,000 cumulative units in September 2026 (company release citing IDC).", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.AGIBOT.com/article/231/detail/125.html" }, { "date": "2026-01-09", "title": "Omdia ranks AgiBot first in 2025 shipments", "summary": "Omdia counted 5,168 AgiBot humanoids, 39% of the global market.", "publisher": "TechNode", "url": "https://technode.com/2026/01/09/chinas-agibot-leads-global-humanoid-robot-shipments-in-2025-omdia-says/" }, { "date": "2023-09-13", "title": "AgiBot launches Expedition A1", "summary": "1.75 m, 53 kg humanoid with PowerFlow joints; AgiBot targeted a price under 200,000 yuan.", "publisher": "KrASIA", "url": "https://amp.kr-asia.com/expedition-a1-is-a-robot-that-can-cook-do-laundry-and-take-care-of-the-elderly" } ], "video": { "id": "ZwjxbDVbGpU", "title": "[Livestreaming] 2023 Agibot Humanoid Robot RAISE-A1 Launch Event", "channel": "稚晖君 (Peng Zhihui, AgiBot co-founder)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/agibot-raise-a1-2023.jpg", "author": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241102013736/https://www.agibot.com/products/A1", "page": "https://web.archive.org/web/20241102013736/https://www.agibot.com/products/A1", "kind": "maker", "w": 752, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "apptronik-apollo-2023", "name": "Apollo", "maker": "Apptronik", "makerId": "apptronik", "country": "United States", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-08-23", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 172, "weightKg": 72.5, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 25, "batteryHours": 4, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "No price; CEO said it would cost about as much as a car.", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Grew out of Apptronik's work on NASA's Valkyrie; later chosen by Google DeepMind as a Gemini Robotics platform.", "deployments": "Pilots announced with Mercedes-Benz, GXO Logistics and Jabil (which also plans to build Apollo); Google DeepMind partnership from late 2024.", "summary": "Austin-built general-purpose humanoid with swappable batteries for warehouses and factories. Apptronik has raised more than $935 million in Series A money through 2026 to scale it.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-2ec7840ce7", "hs-7773d8b063" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2023-08-23", "event": "Apptronik public unveiling", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/apptronik-unveils-apollo-humanoid-robot/" }, "released": { "date": "2024", "note": "paid pilots (Mercedes-Benz, GXO); not on open sale" }, "components": { "actuators": "Apptronik's own linear electric actuators in the joints (from 13+ generations of actuator work), chosen over off-the-shelf rotary joints.", "hands": "Simple 0-1 DoF hands for first applications; dexterous hands planned with outside partners.", "sensors": "Vision perception and force sensing (details not published).", "compute": "Not published.", "battery": "Swappable pack, about 4 hours per pack.", "materials": "Industrial design by argodesign; materials not published.", "software": "Safety behaviour slows or stops the robot as people approach; fall routine curls the robot to limit damage. Later paired with Google DeepMind's Gemini Robotics models.", "other": "25 kg payload.", "sources": [ "hs-2ec7840ce7", "hs-7773d8b063" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not on open sale; paid pilots.", "where": "United States", "customers": "Mercedes-Benz, GXO Logistics, Jabil" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-02-11", "title": "Series A passes $935M", "summary": "A $520M extension took Apptronik's Series A over $935M with Google, Mercedes-Benz and new investors.", "publisher": "Apptronik", "url": "https://apptronik.com/news-collection/apptronik-closes-over-935-million-series-a" }, { "date": "2023-08-23", "title": "Apollo unveiled", "summary": "Apptronik launched Apollo, targeting release by end-2024 at roughly the cost of a car.", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/apptronik-unveils-apollo-humanoid-robot/" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://apptronik.com/contact", "type": null, "label": "Get started (contact Apptronik)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "uJOA5IDaL5g", "title": "Hello Apollo", "channel": "Apptronik" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/apptronik-apollo-2023.jpg", "author": "Apptronik", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://apptronik.com/news-collection/apptronik-unveils-apollo", "page": "https://apptronik.com/news-collection/apptronik-unveils-apollo", "kind": "maker", "w": 803, "h": 776 } }, { "id": "iit-ergocub-2023", "name": "ergoCub", "maker": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) with INAIL", "makerId": "istituto-italiano-di-tecnologia", "country": "Italy", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-09", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "research", "industrial", "healthcare" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 150, "weightKg": 55.7, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 3, "payloadKg": 10, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "A 2026 study reported lower estimated lower-back load in people lifting with ergoCub's help (laboratory prototype).", "summary": "A teen-sized walking humanoid evolved from iCub3, designed with Italy's workplace-injury insurer INAIL to share lifting with workers and cut back strain; it walks at about human pace. Payload is the stated load-bearing figure.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-0e03d73d47", "hs-e7ae639ff6", "hs-6dfb1718bc" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2023-09", "event": "IIT 20th-anniversary celebrations, Genoa (official debut reported by ANSA on 3 Oct 2023)", "url": "https://ergocub.eu/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "hands": "Hands optimised for carrying heavy loads (ANSA); no DoF published.", "sensors": "Depth camera and LiDAR for navigation (ANSA); works with IIT's iFeel sensorised suit and shoes worn by the human partner to measure their posture and effort.", "software": "AI vision for object recognition, localisation, shape estimation and grip control; recognition of human intent (handing over or receiving a load, greeting); self-localisation and path planning tested in a simulated warehouse; teleoperation demonstrated over about 300 km.", "other": "Flexible OLED display for expressions; Wi-Fi 6E connectivity; 150 cm, 55.7 kg; walks at about 3 km/h; carries up to about 10 kg (several kg while walking). Body geometry chosen to reduce joint effort for both robot and human when lifting together.", "sources": [ "hs-0e03d73d47", "hs-6dfb1718bc", "hs-16d7167187", "hs-e7ae639ff6" ] }, "production": { "sold": "not sold", "where": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy", "customers": "INAIL (Italian workplace-injury insurer), co-funder of the project launched in 2021 with EUR 5 million over three years" }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-02", "title": "ergoCub demonstrated at the European Parliament", "summary": "The project lists a European Parliament demonstration among its 2024 outings.", "publisher": "ergoCub project (IIT / INAIL)", "url": "https://ergocub.eu/" }, { "date": "2023-12", "title": "ergoCub project wins GPAI responsible-AI recognition", "summary": "The project was named a Responsible AI Change Maker by the Global Partnership on AI.", "publisher": "ergoCub project (IIT / INAIL)", "url": "https://ergocub.eu/" }, { "date": "2023-10-03", "title": "IIT debuts worker-friendly ergoCub at its 20th anniversary", "summary": "ANSA reported the official debut in Genoa of the robot built with INAIL to ease lifting strain.", "publisher": "ANSA", "url": "https://www.ansa.it/amp/canale_scienza/news/2023/10/03/iit-celebrates-20th-anniversary-with-worker-friendly-robot_cb3f1698-dd62-417f-a5fb-8bc0da45e7ec.html" }, { "date": "2021-01", "title": "INAIL and IIT announce the ergoCub project", "summary": "Italy's workplace-injury insurer and IIT launched the project to cut workers' musculoskeletal risk with robots and wearables.", "publisher": "ergoCub project (IIT / INAIL)", "url": "https://ergocub.eu/" } ], "video": { "id": "zh2XD5SQiHY", "title": "Humanoid robot ergoCub walks and interacts with people at the 20 year anniversary of IIT", "channel": "Artificial and Mechanical Intelligence (IIT AMI lab, @IIT-AMI)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/iit-ergocub-2023.jpg", "author": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://ergocub.eu/", "page": "https://ergocub.eu/", "kind": "maker", "w": 600, "h": 406 } }, { "id": "sony-hanamoflor-2023", "name": "HANAMOFLOR ('Hana-chan')", "maker": "Sony Group", "makerId": "sony", "country": "Japan", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-11-22", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "care", "social" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 83, "weightKg": 20, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Trialled since 2019 with a special nursing home in Kawasaki; on long-term display at Miraikan (Tokyo) from November 2023; Sony was seeking business partners in late 2025.", "summary": "A child-shaped care robot (83 cm, about 20 kg) that moves around care-home living rooms keeping watch over residents, chatting, singing, leading quizzes and mouth exercises, taking temperatures and relaying family calls, using Sony face recognition and dialogue tuned for people with dementia. Its mobility method is not stated in the sources; commercialisation has not been decided.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-c69f8b5988", "hs-0711e01d2d", "hs-da353fb347", "hs-a9443fe0d7" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2023-11-22", "event": "Start of long-term display at Miraikan (National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation), Tokyo", "url": "https://www.ithome.com/0/734/328.htm" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "In development; no sale or mass-production plan announced." }, "components": { "hands": "Child-shaped body with simple arms used for gestures; no grasping hands described.", "sensors": "Uses Sony face recognition to find residents and check eye contact before talking; takes residents' temperatures. Camera and sensor models not published.", "software": "Sony's own face-recognition and dialogue technology, tuned to approach slowly and confirm a person's reaction before speaking (aimed at people with dementia); runs preset conversation, singing, quiz and mouth-exercise programmes and can relay calls from family.", "other": "About 83 cm tall and about 20 kg; moves around care-home living rooms on its own. Development began in 2019 with help from a special nursing home in Kawasaki.", "sources": [ "hs-0711e01d2d", "hs-c69f8b5988" ] }, "production": { "built": "Development units only; Sony has said no sale or mass-production plan has been decided", "sold": "not sold", "where": "Developed by Sony Group in Japan", "customers": "Trials at a special nursing home in Kawasaki (including Yomiuriland Hana House in 2023); on long-term display at Miraikan, Tokyo, from November 2023; shown at CareTEX'24 with Sony Marketing inviting care homes to join trials" }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-02-22", "title": "Sony to show HANAMOFLOR at CareTEX'24", "summary": "Sony Marketing said it would exhibit the care robot as a reference item at CareTEX in Tokyo on 12-14 March 2024 and invited care homes to join trials.", "publisher": "Sony Marketing (BRAVIA Business)", "url": "https://www.sony.jp/bravia-biz/info2/20240222.html" }, { "date": "2023-11-22", "title": "Sony care robot 'Hana-chan' goes on show at Miraikan", "summary": "Sony put the 83 cm, 20 kg care robot on long-term display in Tokyo and said commercial release and mass production were undecided.", "publisher": "IT Home", "url": "https://www.ithome.com/0/734/328.htm" } ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/sony.png", "author": "Sony Corporation", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Sony_Corporation_(make.believe).svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Sony_Corporation_(make.believe).svg", "article": "File:Logo of the Sony Corporation (make.believe).svg" } }, { "id": "limx-cl1-2023", "name": "CL-1", "maker": "LimX Dynamics", "makerId": "limx-dynamics", "country": "China", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-12", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "none", "firsts": "Demonstrated dynamic stair climbing using real-time terrain perception in late 2023.", "deployments": null, "summary": "LimX's first full-size biped research platform, with no functional hands.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-ece1b5b553", "hs-bb0a937738" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2023-12", "event": "LimX demo video", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/limx-dynamics-launches-limx-oli-full-size-humanoid-robot/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research prototype" }, "components": { "actuators": "Hollow-shaft, high-torque-density motors (third-party database description).", "hands": "None functional on CL-1 (The Robot Report).", "sensors": "Integrated vision and LiDAR terrain perception for stair climbing (third-party database).", "other": "Few maker specifications were published for CL-1; LimX treats it as the ancestor of the CL-3 and Oli.", "sources": [ "hs-bb0a937738" ] }, "production": { "built": "Research prototype only." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-07-14", "title": "LimX raises about $200 million pre-IPO", "summary": "IDG, Lens Technology and others joined; LimX says it holds thousands of orders, over half overseas (company).", "publisher": "Yicai Global", "url": "https://www2.yicaiglobal.com/news/chinese-humanoid-robot-maker-limx-bags-usd200-million-in-pre-ipo-financing-round" }, { "date": "2026-02-03", "title": "LimX closes $200 million Series B", "summary": "JD.com, Zhongding, SAIC Motor and NIO Capital among investors.", "publisher": "TechNode", "url": "https://technode.com/2026/02/03/limx-dynamics-raises-200-million-in-series-b-to-scale-humanoid-robotics/" }, { "date": "2025-08-05", "title": "LimX says Oli's walking traces back to CL-1", "summary": "The Robot Report describes CL-1 (Dec 2023) as a bipedal research platform without functional hands.", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/limx-dynamics-launches-limx-oli-full-size-humanoid-robot/" } ], "video": { "id": "sihIDeJ4Hmk", "title": "LimX Dynamics Unveils Dynamic Testing of Humanoid Robot CL-1", "channel": "LimX Dynamics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/limx-cl1-2023.jpg", "author": "LimX Dynamics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://oss.limxdynamics.com/uploads/image/2026/01/13/1768307795061_image.png", "page": "https://oss.limxdynamics.com/uploads/image/2026/01/13/1768307795061_image.png", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 667 } }, { "id": "pal-robotics-kangaroo-2023", "name": "Kangaroo", "maker": "PAL Robotics", "makerId": "pal", "country": "Spain", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-12", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 28, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Aggregators list about $100,000 (unconfirmed).", "hands": "none", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Bipedal research platform with linear actuators placed near the hips for agile, impact-tolerant walking. Note: it is headless and early versions are lower-body only, so it may fail the head-and-arms inclusion rule.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-f14742df5b" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2023-12", "event": "Research paper describing the Kangaroo legs", "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/2312.04161v2" }, "released": { "date": "2024", "note": "sold to research labs (release date per aggregator)" }, "components": { "actuators": "Custom linear electric actuators with integrated force sensors placed near the pelvis; the research paper describes 6 ball-screw linear actuators per leg (12 total) driving closed linkages, knee tested to 5,000 N.", "hands": "Interchangeable: 1-DoF parallel gripper, Seed Robotics RH8D (5 fingers, 7 DoF, fingertip pressure sensors) or Inspire RH56 hands (5 fingers, 6 DoF, tactile); arms 4, 5 or 7 DoF with ISO tool flange.", "sensors": "4 RGB-D cameras; 1 kHz IMU/AHRS; optional 6-axis F/T sensors at wrists and feet; force sensors in leg actuators; linear and rotary encoders.", "compute": "Two Intel i7 PCs (control and multimedia, 32 GB RAM each); optional NVIDIA Jetson; EtherCAT at 2 kHz.", "battery": "976 Wh (15 Ah, 63 V).", "materials": "Lightweight low-inertia legs; plastic knee shells and torso protection cages (paper).", "software": "Ubuntu LTS, ROS 2 LTS and PAL OS; ros2_control with impedance/force modes; URDF/MJCF models; MuJoCo and mjlab for RL; pre-built walking, running, jumping, stair and box-picking policies.", "other": "2x Wi-Fi 6; 1.60 m tall, 50-65 kg depending on configuration, 14-40 DoF.", "sources": [ "hs-1b70f4f957", "hs-f14742df5b" ] }, "production": { "sold": "units not published", "where": "Europe (PAL offices in Spain, Italy, France)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-02-22", "title": "Kangaroo leg mechanics paper updated", "summary": "PAL researchers published a model of Kangaroo's hybrid serial-parallel legs.", "publisher": "PAL Robotics / arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/2312.04161v2" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://pal-robotics.com/robot/kangaroo/", "type": null, "label": "Maker's website", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "TU9q6j8KJGU", "title": "PAL Robotics | KANGAROO Free Walking Demo", "channel": "PAL Robotics (@PALRobotics)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/pal-robotics-kangaroo-2023.jpg", "author": "PAL Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://pal-robotics.com/robot/kangaroo/", "page": "https://pal-robotics.com/robot/kangaroo/", "kind": "maker", "w": 547, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "elephant-robotics-mercury-x1-2023", "name": "Mercury X1", "maker": "Elephant Robotics", "makerId": "elephant", "country": "China", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-12", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "education", "retail" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 118, "weightKg": 55, "dof": 19, "speedKmh": 4, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 15999, "priceNote": "US$15,999; maker page shows no price", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A humanoid torso with a touchscreen head and two 7-DoF arms on a lidar-guided wheeled base, sold for research, teaching and service work and running embodied-AI software on an NVIDIA Jetson.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-eb2d0e94a2", "hs-0f25a2df8a" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2023-12", "event": "Official launch of Elephant Robotics' Mercury humanoid series", "url": "https://www.elephantrobotics.com/en/our-company-2023-en/" }, "released": { "date": "2023-12", "note": "on sale; launch month from the maker's company timeline (series-level, not X1-specific)" }, "components": { "actuators": "Two 7-DoF arms using high-performance servo motors and lightweight harmonic drive modules; wheeled base with direct-drive motors, top speed 1.2 m/s, climbs 2 cm steps and 15-degree slopes (maker). 19 DoF total. Arm payload 1 kg, reach 450 mm, repeatability +/-0.05 mm.", "hands": "Interchangeable end effectors (grippers, suction pumps) rather than dexterous hands; no hand DoF published.", "sensors": "LiDAR, ultrasonic sensors and 2D vision on the base; 3D vision, a camera in the jaw, and microphones.", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano Super 8 GB, up to 32 TOPS (current maker page); ESP32 microcontrollers per arm.", "battery": "3 kWh lithium-ion pack; 6-8 hours, maker claims up to 8 hours.", "materials": "Carbon fibre, aluminium alloy and ABS plastic.", "software": "ROS, MoveIt, Gazebo and MuJoCo support; pymycobot Python API and C++ API; myBlockly programming; LLM-based embodied-AI features; VR teleoperation with Meta Quest 3 and optional myController S570 exoskeleton for 1:1 arm mirroring.", "other": "Built from the Mercury B1 dual-arm upper body on a mobile base; 118 cm tall, 55 kg.", "sources": [ "hs-40f9503cd6", "hs-eb2d0e94a2", "hs-0f25a2df8a" ] }, "production": { "sold": "on sale; US$15,999", "where": "China (Elephant Robotics, Shenzhen)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2023-12", "title": "Elephant Robotics launches Mercury humanoid series", "summary": "The company's timeline records the official launch of its Mercury humanoid robots in December 2023.", "publisher": "Elephant Robotics", "url": "https://www.elephantrobotics.com/en/our-company-2023-en/" } ], "video": { "id": "w1THU78Nt6A", "title": "Mercury X1 | A Wheeled Humanoid Robot Takes You Inside Elephant Robotics", "channel": "Elephant Robotics (@ElephantRobotics)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/elephant-robotics-mercury-x1-2023.jpg", "author": "Elephant Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://shop.elephantrobotics.com/products/mercury-humanoid-robot-series", "page": "https://shop.elephantrobotics.com/products/mercury-humanoid-robot-series", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "ihmc-boardwalk-nadia-2023", "name": "Nadia", "maker": "Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition (IHMC) with Boardwalk Robotics", "makerId": "florida-institute", "country": "United States", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-12", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "military" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 190, "weightKg": 100, "dof": 29, "speedKmh": 3.5, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Shown sparring with a person under VR teleoperation in December 2023.", "summary": "A tall hydraulic-electric research humanoid named after gymnast Nadia Comaneci for its wide range of motion, with Moog integrated hydraulic actuators in the legs and spine, electric arms and a carbon-fibre shell, funded by the US Office of Naval Research for dangerous jobs such as firefighting and disaster rescue. IHMC says lessons from Nadia went into its 2026 humanoid Alex.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-1c90379729", "hs-6d6c12d52c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2023-12", "event": "Sparring demonstration video (reported by Reuters, December 2023)", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Hybrid: Moog hydraulic Integrated Smart Actuators (derived from IIT's HyQ quadruped work) in the legs and spine; custom electric actuators in the pelvis/hip and spine yaw with planetary drives; off-the-shelf electric actuators with cycloidal drives in the arms. 29 joints with very large ranges of motion.", "hands": null, "battery": null, "materials": "Carbon-fibre composite shell structures chosen for a high power-to-weight ratio.", "software": "IHMC whole-body control and open-source robotics software; CAN bus inside the actuators and EtherCAT; VR teleoperation (used for boxing demos).", "other": "Demonstrated balancing, boxing, ping pong, door traversal, rough terrain and teleoperation. Funded by ONR, ARL, NASA Johnson Space Center and TARDEC; built with Boardwalk Robotics, Morfey Ltd and H4 Labs. IHMC now lists Nadia as legacy, succeeded by Alex.", "sources": [ "hs-fe2b4f1902", "hs-1c90379729", "hs-6d6c12d52c" ] }, "production": { "sold": "not sold;", "where": "IHMC, Pensacola, Florida, USA", "customers": "Funders: US Office of Naval Research, Army Research Laboratory, NASA JSC, TARDEC" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-05-21", "title": "IHMC's successor humanoid Alex walks untethered for ONR", "summary": "IHMC said Alex, which carries lessons from Nadia, completed its first off-site, off-tether demonstration in Maryland.", "publisher": "IHMC", "url": "https://www.ihmc.us/news-20260521-2/" }, { "date": "2024-09-25", "title": "Nadia's range of motion inspired by a gymnast", "summary": "Inspenet profiled the hybrid hydraulic-electric humanoid co-developed with Boardwalk Robotics for dangerous jobs.", "publisher": "Inspenet", "url": "https://inspenet.com/en/news/nadia-comaneci-inspiration-of-this-humanoid/" } ], "video": { "id": "_mQJw8VhZ7w", "title": "Nadia - A Next Generation Humanoid Robot", "channel": "IHMC Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/ihmc-boardwalk-nadia-2023.jpg", "author": "Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition with Boardwalk Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://robots.ihmc.us/humanoid-design", "page": "https://robots.ihmc.us/humanoid-design", "kind": "maker", "w": 865, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "tesla-optimus-gen2-2023", "name": "Optimus Gen 2", "maker": "Tesla", "makerId": "tesla", "country": "United States", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-12-13", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "No price; Musk estimated about $30,000 at the Oct 2024 We, Robot event (estimate, not a list price).", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Tesla's slimmer second generation with 11-degree-of-freedom hands and fingertip touch sensing, shown handling an egg.", "deployments": "Shown doing tasks in a Tesla factory in May 2024; a black-and-white v2.3 greeted the public in London and Berlin in Dec 2025.", "summary": "Second-generation Optimus revealed in a December 2023 video: about 10 kg lighter and 30% faster walking than Gen 1, with redesigned hands. Later minor revisions (v2.3, 2025) are counted here.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-1c2b056bcf", "hs-0bbf05658b" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2023-12-13", "event": "Optimus Gen 2 reveal video", "url": "https://driveteslacanada.ca/news/tesla-unveils-optimus-gen-2-a-leap-forward-in-humanoid-robotics-with-enhanced-speed-precision-and-dexterity/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not for sale; Fremont Optimus line due to start late July/August 2026 with slow initial output (Tesla Q1 2026 call); V3 reveal delayed" }, "components": { "actuators": "Tesla-designed actuators and sensors; Tesla reported a 30% walking-speed boost for Gen 2 (ASSEMBLY, 2023).", "hands": "Faster 11-DoF hands with tactile sensing on all fingers (ASSEMBLY, 2023).", "sensors": "Tactile finger sensors (other sensor details not published).", "compute": "Not published; Musk expects future versions to use Tesla's AI5 and later AI6 chips.", "battery": "Not published for Gen 2.", "software": "Tesla describes a shared approach using advanced AI for vision and planning across Full Self-Driving and bipedal robotics (Tesla, AI & Robotics).", "other": "10 kg lighter than Gen 1.", "sources": [ "hs-1c2b056bcf", "hs-0bbf05658b", "hs-38208e5740", "hs-a368f277dc" ] }, "production": { "built": "Fremont Optimus line (converted Model S/X line) due to start in late July or August 2026; Musk said early output would be slow (Q1 2026 call).", "sold": "Not sold; Musk said in January 2026 no Optimus robots were doing useful factory work.", "where": "United States" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-04-23", "title": "Optimus V3 reveal pushed to mid-2026", "summary": "Tesla delayed the V3 reveal over copying fears, with early Fremont production slated for late July or August.", "publisher": "Drive Tesla Canada", "url": "https://driveteslacanada.ca/news/tesla-delaying-optimus-v3-reveal-fears-copycats/" }, { "date": "2026-04-22", "title": "Fremont Optimus line to start slowly", "summary": "Musk said output would start slowly and gave no 2026 target after missing earlier goals.", "publisher": "Electrek", "url": "https://electrek.co/?p=464555" }, { "date": "2026-01-28", "title": "Model S/X retirement for Optimus", "summary": "Q2 2026 production closure; Fremont factory space repurposed for Optimus.", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/01/28/tesla-is-killing-off-the-model-s-and-model-x/" }, { "date": "2025-12-10", "title": "Tesla’s AI-powered robot is doing a meet and greet in London", "summary": "Tesla announced an Optimus meet-and-greet at Westfield London for 13 December 2025, featuring popcorn and photos.", "publisher": "Auto Express", "url": "https://www.autoexpress.co.uk/tesla/368509/teslas-ai-powered-robot-doing-meet-and-greet-london" }, { "date": "2023-12-13", "title": "Optimus Gen 2 revealed", "summary": "Tesla's video showed the slimmer Gen 2 with improved hands.", "publisher": "Drive Tesla Canada", "url": "https://driveteslacanada.ca/news/tesla-unveils-optimus-gen-2-a-leap-forward-in-humanoid-robotics-with-enhanced-speed-precision-and-dexterity/" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/tesla-optimus-gen2-2023.jpg", "author": "Sikander", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Optimus_bot_at_Tesla_showroom_-_20251118_-_01.jpg", "article": "Optimus (robot)", "w": 360, "h": 640 } }, { "id": "ubtech-walker-s-2023", "name": "Walker S", "maker": "UBTECH Robotics", "makerId": "ubtech", "country": "China", "year": 2023, "date": "2023-12-29", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "UBTECH says it was the first humanoid to work alongside people on a car final-assembly line (NIO's F2 base).", "deployments": "Trialled at NIO's Hefei plant and Dongfeng Liuzhou Motor for inspection, fluid filling and badge fitting.", "summary": "UBTECH's first industrial version of its Walker line, built for car-factory inspection and assembly tasks. Exact unveiling month and specs not confirmed in this pass.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-1a4e9b6acb", "hs-bd92e17223" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2023-12-29", "event": "UBTECH's HKEX listing ceremony, Hong Kong", "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/about/news/498762019606597" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "factory pilots at NIO and Dongfeng Liuzhou; not sold to the public" }, "components": { "software": "UBTECH describes 'brain', 'cerebellum' and 'embodiment' technology for line tasks: sorting, >99% accurate visual inspection, screw driving, emblem fitting.", "other": "Component specifications for the 2023 Walker S were not published in text form; UBTECH's spec tables are images.", "sources": [ "hs-bd92e17223", "hs-1a4e9b6acb", "hs-9f9881da05" ] }, "production": { "where": "China (car factories).", "customers": "NIO (final assembly at its F2 plant; demonstrated February 2024) and Dongfeng Liuzhou Motor (inspection, fluid filling, emblem fitting), per UBTECH." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-01", "title": "UBTECH sells 921 full-size humanoids in H1 2026", "summary": "Full-size humanoid revenue reached 590 million yuan, 46.5% of total (company figures).", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/market-industry/ubtech-reports-127-billion-yuan-in-first-half-revenue-sells-921-full-size-humanoid-robots-2094660109459607553" }, { "date": "2025-11-17", "title": "Walker S2 mass delivery begins", "summary": "UBTECH started shipping the first several hundred Walker S2 units; Walker orders in 2025 passed 800 million yuan (company figure).", "publisher": "AAP / Cision", "url": "https://www.aap.com.au/aapreleases/cision20251117ae25955/" }, { "date": "2025-07-17", "title": "UBTECH recaps NIO Walker S line demo", "summary": "CnEVPost notes NIO showed a Walker S on an assembly line in February 2024; NIO, Zeekr and BYD tested UBTECH humanoids.", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2025/07/17/ubtech-humanoid-robot-autonomous-battery-swap/" }, { "date": "2023-12-29", "title": "Walker S debuts at UBTECH's HKEX listing", "summary": "UBTECH listed at HK$90 a share (9880.HK) and showed the new industrial Walker S.", "publisher": "UBTECH Robotics", "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/about/news/498762019606597" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/humanoid/products/walker-s", "type": null, "label": "Contact UBTECH (inquiry form)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "UCt7qPpTt-g", "title": "UBTECH Humanoid Robot Walker S: Workstation Assistant in EV Production Line", "channel": "UBTECH Robotics", "display": true } }, { "id": "galbot-g1-2024", "name": "Galbot G1", "maker": "Galbot (Galaxy General Robot)", "makerId": "galbot", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "retail", "healthcare", "logistics", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 173, "weightKg": 85, "dof": 25, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 15, "batteryHours": 10, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "No maker list price; founder Wang He said robots cost 'six figures in RMB' (KrASIA, July 2025); a reseller lists about $206,000.", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "One of the first humanoids to run shops on its own: autonomous pharmacies in Beijing.", "deployments": "Working fully autonomously in more than 10 Beijing pharmacies by August 2025, with plans for 100 sites.", "summary": "A wheeled humanoid with two arms and a telescoping torso (about 1.45 to 1.73 m) that picks items from shelves. Specs come from a reseller listing; launch month not confirmed.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-6b2e495ccf", "hs-01117a28f9" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024", "event": "Galbot launch", "url": null }, "released": { "date": "2025", "note": "in paid service in pharmacies and shops" }, "components": { "actuators": "21 DoF excluding chassis and end-effector: neck 2, arms 7 x 2, waist 3, legs/lift 2; 710 mm arm reach; 5 kg per arm (10 kg dual).", "hands": "Swappable end-effectors: dexterous hand, suction cup or gripper.", "sensors": "Head binocular camera; four torso RGB cameras and IMU; two wrist depth cameras and two 6-axis force sensors; base 3D LiDAR, 8 ultrasonic sensors and IMU; two linear 4-mic arrays.", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin 64 GB (275 TOPS) on the spec sheet; G1 Premium moves to NVIDIA Jetson AGX Thor (2025).", "battery": "48 V, 30 Ah, about 8 hours; about 3.5 h charge on a 54.6 V 10 A adapter.", "software": "AstraBrain (Galaxy Brain) end-to-end embodied model with 3-13B-parameter 'cerebrum' and 80-300M 'cerebellum'; proprietary VLA models trained mostly on synthetic data (sim-to-real); OpenWBT_Isaac teleoperation platform with Tsinghua.", "other": "Four-wheel omnidirectional base up to 1.5 m/s; liftable torso to 1.73 m; IP54; 5.5-inch touchscreen; Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 5.2; 92.5 kg.", "sources": [ "hs-01117a28f9", "hs-6b2e495ccf", "hs-5389d0d73b", "hs-7dc60ffde0" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Cumulative orders 'in the thousands of units' across Galbot products (company, March 2026); no delivery count.", "where": "China (Beijing pharmacies; factories); shown internationally.", "customers": "Nearly ten 24-hour unmanned pharmacies in Beijing (mid-2025, plan for 100+); factory proofs of concept for Mercedes-Benz and Zeekr; Bosch partnership; Galbot also names CATL, Toyota, Hyundai, BAIC, SAIC and Great Wall as customers (2026)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-03-03", "title": "Galbot raises 2.5 billion yuan; nearly 5 billion in three months", "summary": "Valuation above 20 billion yuan; cumulative orders in the thousands of units (company).", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/seeds-galbot-completes-new-funding-round-raising-nearly-5-billion-yuan-in-three-months-2028713877083000832" }, { "date": "2025-12-19", "title": "Galbot raises $300 million at $3 billion valuation", "summary": "One of China's largest embodied-AI rounds.", "publisher": "DealStreetAsia", "url": "https://cdn.dealstreetasia.com/stories/galbot-raises-over-300m-467245" }, { "date": "2025-08-26", "title": "Galbot G1 Premium adopts NVIDIA Jetson Thor", "summary": "Galbot said G1 runs fully autonomously in over 10 Beijing pharmacies and won the World Humanoid Robot Games retail events.", "publisher": "Kyodo News PR Wire", "url": "https://kyodonewsprwire.jp/index.php/release/202508264124" }, { "date": "2025-07-09", "title": "Galbot's pharmacy robots run around the clock", "summary": "Founder Wang He said robots cost 'six figures in RMB' and run 6-8 hours per charge.", "publisher": "KrASIA", "url": "https://kr-asia.com/galbots-humanoid-robots-do-the-boring-stuff-and-thats-the-point" }, { "date": "2025-06-25", "title": "CATL leads Galbot's 1.1 billion yuan round", "summary": "The round made Galbot a unicorn valued above $1 billion.", "publisher": "TechNode", "url": "https://technode.com/2025/06/25/galbot/" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://www.galbot.com/g1/", "type": "store", "label": "'Go to buy' button on Galbot G1 page (links to JD.com listing)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "9ML9mOcHSQA", "title": "Galbot G1: Our First Embodied AI Product Embodying the Future of Industrial and Home Autopilot", "channel": "Galbot", "display": true }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/galbot-g1-2024-1.jpg", "author": "Xuthoria", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WAIC_2025_-_Robots_10.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 1000, "h": 666 } }, { "id": "agibot-lingxi-x1-2024", "name": "Lingxi X1", "maker": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)", "makerId": "agibot", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "education" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Released with fully open-source designs, software and the AimRT middleware.", "deployments": null, "summary": "An open-source research humanoid from AgiBot's X-Lab, with a wheeled data-collection sibling (X1-W). Specs not confirmed in this pass.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-40ec455f7f", "hs-2dc2c1d47c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024", "event": "AgiBot announcement", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "open-source design, not sold as product" }, "components": { "materials": "Full mechanical design files published openly on GitHub (about 1,100 stars).", "other": "Detailed actuator, battery and compute figures not found in the opened sources.", "sources": [ "hs-b30b1db2b0", "hs-2dc2c1d47c", "hs-40ec455f7f" ] }, "production": { "built": "Open-source design; AgiBot releases schematics, software and algorithms free to developers.", "where": "Worldwide (open source)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-30", "title": "IDC: AgiBot led H1 2026 humanoid shipments", "summary": "AgiBot shipped over 8,600 humanoids (about 35% of ~25,000) and reached 20,000 cumulative units in September 2026 (company release citing IDC).", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.AGIBOT.com/article/231/detail/125.html" }, { "date": "2025-03-07", "title": "AgiBot posts latest X1 open hardware revision", "summary": "The GitHub repository holds X1 design folders dated October 2024, January 2025 and March 2025.", "publisher": "GitHub / AgibotTech", "url": "https://github.com/AgibotTech/agibot_x1_hardware" }, { "date": "2024-08-22", "title": "Lingxi X1 announced as open-source humanoid", "summary": "Built with Zhiyuan X-Lab and offered free to developers.", "publisher": "Inspenet", "url": "https://inspenet.com/en/news/agibot-present-5-new-humanoid-robots/" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/agibot-lingxi-x1-2024.jpg", "author": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.agibot.com/products/X1", "page": "https://www.agibot.com/products/X1", "kind": "maker", "w": 463, "h": 774 } }, { "id": "mentee-menteebot-2024", "name": "MenteeBot", "maker": "Mentee Robotics (Mentee by Mobileye)", "makerId": "mentee", "country": "Israel", "year": 2024, "date": "2024", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "home", "logistics", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": 70, "dof": 40, "speedKmh": 5.4, "payloadKg": 25, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Israel's leading humanoid; its maker was bought by Mobileye for about $900 million in 2026.", "deployments": "First autonomous proof-of-concept customer deployments planned for 2026; series production targeted for 2028.", "summary": "Humanoid from the Mobileye founder's start-up, trained in simulation and using camera-only sensing, hot-swap batteries and in-house actuators. Specs shown are for the current V3.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-28a0ccd832", "hs-432c263059" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024", "event": "Company emerged from stealth with a MenteeBot prototype", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not for sale" }, "components": { "actuators": "Proprietary actuators built in-house with integrated sensors and drivers, designed for high torque density; Mentee claims about 3x competitors' power (V3, company claim).", "hands": "Redesigned V3 hands for firmer grip and impact resistance with motor-based tactile sensing (no grip force published by Mentee).", "sensors": "Head sensors plus 360-degree vision from a rear camera and fisheye side cameras (V3).", "compute": "Dual NVIDIA Jetson Orin AGX (V3, per Interesting Engineering); Mentee describes redundant, fail-safe compute.", "battery": "Hot-swappable, more than 3 hours continuous (V3 claim).", "software": "Foundation models plus reinforcement-learned motion trained only in simulation (Sim2Real); LLM-based robotic API splits tasks into modular flows; teaching from text and demonstrations, aiming at few-shot learning.", "other": "40 DoF, 25 kg payload, 1.5 m/s walking (Mentee).", "sources": [ "hs-28a0ccd832", "hs-432c263059", "hs-70705bc43b", "hs-5d4b1e0e37" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not sold; first customer proof-of-concept deployments expected in 2026 without teleoperation, series production targeted for 2028 (Mobileye).", "where": "Israel" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-01-06", "title": "Mobileye to buy Mentee for $900M", "summary": "About $612M cash plus Mobileye shares; Mentee becomes an independent unit.", "publisher": "Mobileye", "url": "https://www.mobileye.com/news/mobileye-to-acquire-mentee-robotics-to-accelerate-physical-ai-leadership/" }, { "date": "2025-11-26", "title": "Two MenteeBots handle logistics task autonomously", "summary": "Calcalist reported a V3 demo picking and racking boxes without teleoperation.", "publisher": "Calcalist (CTech)", "url": "https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/skctzanwzg" }, { "date": "2025-02-17", "title": "MenteeBot V3.0 announced", "summary": "New hands, 360-degree vision and hot-swap batteries.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/israel-humanoid-robot-with-360-vision" } ], "buyNone": "Not for sale: MenteeBot site (now Mentee by Mobileye) has no order, waitlist or sales path, only a general email.", "video": { "id": "zJTf4JhGSsI", "title": "Menteebot by Mentee Robotics is agile", "channel": "Menteebot by Mentee Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/mentee-menteebot-2024.jpg", "author": "Mentee Robotics (Mentee by Mobileye)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.menteebot.com/bot/", "page": "https://www.menteebot.com/bot/", "kind": "maker", "w": 625, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "sanctuary-phoenix-gen8-2024", "name": "Phoenix (8th generation)", "maker": "Sanctuary AI", "makerId": "sanctuary-ai", "country": "Canada", "year": 2024, "date": "2024", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Sanctuary's first Phoenix generation designed around a wheeled base, after customers said biped legs were too frail for a strong upper body.", "deployments": null, "summary": "The eighth Phoenix generation from Vancouver's Sanctuary AI, built mainly to capture high-quality training data for its Carbon AI control system, with a wider field of view, better telemetry and a cheaper, simpler build. Sanctuary has not published its size or weight.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-49f6906c87" ], "canada": "Built by Sanctuary AI, based in Vancouver, British Columbia.", "firstShown": { "date": "2024", "event": "Sanctuary AI announcement; the page is undated but says it came less than eight months after Gen 7 (April 2024), so late 2024", "url": "https://sanctuary.ai/news/sanctuary-ai-releases-new-generation-of-ai-robots-for-high-quality-data-capture/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "no public sale or price" }, "components": { "sensors": "Upgraded depth and vision cameras with a wider field of view and higher resolution than Gen 7; upgraded sensor suite and audio/video system.", "software": "Built to capture high-quality teleoperation and telemetry data for training Sanctuary's AI control system; an improved telemetry system records data for training.", "other": "Sanctuary said customer feedback led it to use a wheeled base because bipedal legs were too frail for the strong torso needed for precise work. The design was simplified for lower bill-of-materials cost and faster build and commissioning. By mid-2026 Sanctuary was putting its AI on existing industrial robots while keeping a path to humanoids.", "sources": [ "hs-49f6906c87", "hs-3004337444" ] }, "production": { "built": "not disclosed", "sold": "no public sale or unit figures", "where": "Vancouver, Canada (Sanctuary AI)", "customers": "No named Gen 8 customers; in June 2026 Sanctuary reported a 99.5% wire-plugging success rate for an unnamed global Tier 1 automotive supplier (on industrial robots, not a named Phoenix unit)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-06-17", "title": "Sanctuary validates its AI at a Tier 1 auto supplier", "summary": "Sanctuary said its hardware-agnostic physical AI hit a 99.5%+ success rate and 2.54 s cycle time on a live wire-plugging task.", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/sanctuary-ai-validates-physical-ai-performance-tier-1-automotive-supplier/" }, { "date": "2026-06-17", "title": "Sanctuary shifts to selling AI for other robots", "summary": "The Vancouver company is deploying its physical AI on existing industrial robots rather than waiting for humanoid hardware to mature.", "publisher": "Techcouver", "url": "https://techcouver.com/2026/06/17/sanctuary-ai-evolves-model-software-robotics-platforms/" } ], "video": { "id": "wAKQoz5F65A", "title": "Sanctuary AI Brings Phoenix to Messe 2025 with Microsoft", "channel": "Sanctuary AI" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/sanctuary-phoenix-gen8-2024.jpg", "author": "Sanctuary AI", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://sanctuary.ai/news/sanctuary-ai-releases-new-generation-of-ai-robots-for-high-quality-data-capture/", "page": "https://sanctuary.ai/news/sanctuary-ai-releases-new-generation-of-ai-robots-for-high-quality-data-capture/", "kind": "maker", "w": 672, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "galaxea-r1-2024", "name": "R1", "maker": "Galaxea AI (Galaxea Dynamics)", "makerId": "galaxea-ai", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "industrial", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": null, "dof": 24, "speedKmh": 5.4, "payloadKg": 10, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 44500, "priceNote": "320,000-459,900 yuan, about $44,500-$64,000 depending on accessories (Forbes Argentina conversion); the later R1 Pro is a separate higher-spec version", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Galaxea began selling R1 in late 2024 and planned to ship up to 1,000 R1-series units in 2025, about half outside China (per Forbes Argentina, Aug 2025).", "summary": "A full-size wheeled humanoid with a camera head unit, a 4-DoF torso that reaches from floor to about 2 m, and two 6-DoF arms with grippers on a three-wheel steering base. The R1 Pro (7-DoF arms) and the smaller R1 Lite are trims of the same series.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-113c0b4b99", "hs-f579cb3ced" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024", "event": "Earliest dated public source: Forbes Argentina (27 Aug 2025) says Galaxea began selling R1 at the end of 2024; no dated launch event found", "url": "https://www.forbesargentina.com/innovacion/la-startup-china-valuada-us-700-millones-quiere-competir-tesla-robots-humanoides-n77402" }, "released": { "date": "2024", "note": "On sale from late 2024 per Forbes Argentina" }, "components": { "actuators": "24 DoF in total: two 6-DoF arms, a 4-joint torso and two 3-DoF steerable chassis modules (three-wheel vector base).", "hands": "Parallel gripper end-effectors as standard; 70 cm arms; wrist force sensing and wrist cameras optional. Dual-arm payload up to 10 kg; per arm 2 kg rated and 3.5 kg maximum at 0.5 m.", "sensors": "2 MP stereo head camera, optional 2 MP wrist cameras, five 2 MP surround cameras and a 360-degree lidar (7 HD cameras and 1 lidar in all; a second lidar optional).", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin 32GB (200 TOPS) on board.", "software": "Supports joint-mapped (isomorphic) and VR teleoperation with force feedback for data collection; Galaxea offers its G0 vision-language-action model (launched August 2025), an SDK and documentation centre.", "other": "1.70 m tall and 675 mm wide; chassis speed up to 1.5 m/s; torso gives a vertical working range from floor to about 2 m.", "sources": [ "hs-113c0b4b99", "hs-f579cb3ced", "hs-42eed209cd" ] }, "production": { "built": "Galaxea planned to ship up to 1,000 R1 units by the end of 2025 (Forbes, August 2025)", "sold": "On sale since late 2024; by February 2026 Galaxea reported orders for several thousand units across its products (not broken out for R1)", "where": "Factory in Suzhou, China; R&D in Beijing", "customers": "Physical Intelligence and Stanford University (per Forbes); unnamed Chinese carmakers planned to use it in plants from late 2025" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-02-12", "title": "Galaxea raises RMB 1 billion Series B", "summary": "Galaxea closed a 1 billion yuan Series B led by new industrial investors, citing orders for several thousand units and nearly 3 billion yuan raised in total.", "publisher": "EqualOcean", "url": "https://equalocean.com/news/2026021221744-galaxea-ai-secures-10-billion-rmb-series-b-funding" }, { "date": "2025-08-27", "title": "Galaxea valued at $700 million after Series A", "summary": "Forbes reported a Series A of over $100 million led by Capital Today, Ant Group and Meituan's Long-Z, R1 prices of 320,000-459,900 yuan and plans to ship up to 1,000 units in 2025.", "publisher": "Forbes Argentina", "url": "https://www.forbesargentina.com/innovacion/la-startup-china-valuada-us-700-millones-quiere-competir-tesla-robots-humanoides-n77402" } ], "video": { "id": "LzaGvmGvGGA", "title": "Galaxea R1 Pro—the high-degree-of-freedom humanoid robot has evolved!", "channel": "Galaxea" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/galaxea-r1-2024.jpg", "author": "Galaxea AI", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://galaxea-dynamics.com/products/galaxea-r1-pro-7-dof-dual-arm-wheeled-universal-humanoid-robot", "page": "https://galaxea-dynamics.com/products/galaxea-r1-pro-7-dof-dual-arm-wheeled-universal-humanoid-robot", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "pollen-reachy-2-2024", "name": "Reachy 2", "maker": "Pollen Robotics (Hugging Face)", "makerId": "pollen", "country": "France", "year": 2024, "date": "2024", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "education" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 70000, "priceNote": "$70,000 (Hugging Face price, 2025).", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Open-source humanoid sold by an AI company, after Hugging Face bought Pollen in April 2025.", "deployments": "Used by researchers at Cornell and Carnegie Mellon among others.", "summary": "Open-source torso-and-arms humanoid with an expressive head and optional wheeled base, programmed in Python with Hugging Face's LeRobot library.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-9d4ceec0fc", "hs-267a034e76" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024", "event": "Pollen Robotics launch of Reachy 2", "url": null }, "released": { "date": "2024", "note": "sold to research labs" }, "components": { "actuators": "Pollen's Orbita 2D/3D parallel actuators; 3D joints at neck and wrists, 2D at shoulders and elbows.", "hands": "Gripper hands; each 7-DoF arm lifts about 3 kg.", "sensors": "Head with two global-shutter cameras and an optical distance sensor; microphones in the antennas; torso depth camera; LiDAR on the omnidirectional base.", "compute": "SolidRun Bedrock V3000 PC (AMD Ryzen Embedded V3000) on board; AI runs in the cloud or on a local server.", "battery": "24 V battery, about 10 hours.", "software": "ROS 2 Humble, Python SDK, Apache 2.0 open-source code; runs Hugging Face LeRobot models; VR teleoperation app (Meta Quest 2/3).", "other": "Adjustable height 136-166 cm; up to 50 kg; optional three-omniwheel mobile base.", "sources": [ "hs-18a5abae74", "hs-9d4ceec0fc", "hs-1ea9072597" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sold to research labs at $70,000 (2025); units not published.", "where": "Worldwide research market" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-03", "title": "NVIDIA to Acquire Hugging Face", "summary": "NVIDIA announced an agreement to acquire Hugging Face for $12.93 billion.", "publisher": "NVIDIA", "url": "https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/nvidia-to-acquire-hugging-face/?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" }, { "date": "2025-04-23", "title": "Reachy 2 offered at $70,000", "summary": "The Batch reported Hugging Face's plan to sell the open-source Reachy 2.", "publisher": "DeepLearning.AI (The Batch)", "url": "https://www.deeplearning.ai/the-batch/hugging-face-acquires-pollen-robotics-launches-reachy-2-robot-for-open-source-research" }, { "date": "2025-04-14", "title": "Hugging Face acquires Pollen Robotics", "summary": "Undisclosed price; Pollen had raised about EUR 2.5M.", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2025/04/14/hugging-face-buys-a-humanoid-robotics-startup" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://pollen-robotics.com/contact-us/", "type": null, "label": "Email sales", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "T3RdwDkZA9c", "title": "Reachy 2 (Beta) - Practicing his skills", "channel": "Pollen Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/pollen-reachy-2-2024.jpg", "author": "Pollen Robotics (Hugging Face)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://pollen-robotics.com/reachy-2/", "page": "https://pollen-robotics.com/reachy-2/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 525 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/pollen.png", "author": "Pollen Robotics", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pollen_Robotics_Logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pollen_Robotics_Logo.svg", "article": "File:Pollen Robotics Logo.svg" } }, { "id": "k-scale-labs-stompy-2024", "name": "Stompy", "maker": "K-Scale Labs", "makerId": "k-scale-labs", "country": "United States", "year": 2024, "date": "2024", "status": "discontinued", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 122, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "never sold at a set price; maker gave a parts cost under $10,000", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "K-Scale Labs' first open-source humanoid, described as a 4-foot robot with a claw gripper whose parts each fit on a home 3D printer bed. The company later moved to K-Bot and is listed by Y Combinator as inactive.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-e0003875b1" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024", "event": "No exact reveal date found; year from K-Scale's Y Combinator Winter 2024 launch post", "url": "https://www.ycombinator.com/companies/k-scale-labs" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "design released as open source; replaced by K-Bot" }, "components": { "actuators": "Low-inertia, back-drivable quasi-direct-drive actuators with 6:1 to 8:1 reductions and 3-12 Nm nominal torque (count not given).", "hands": "Claw gripper based on the Universal Manipulation Interface (UMI) research design.", "battery": "Hot-swappable 48 V, 15 Ah pack, good for over an hour.", "materials": "3D-printed carbon-fibre PAHT parts sized to fit a 256 x 256 mm printer bed; any reasonably strong plastic could be substituted.", "software": "Open-source design; policies trained in simulators such as NVIDIA Isaac and transferred to the robot; K-Scale planned its own vision-language model for perception.", "other": "About 4 ft (122 cm) tall; maker gave a bill of materials under US$10,000; built through five hardware iterations in about three months. K-Scale closed in late 2025 and open-sourced its remaining designs.", "sources": [ "hs-9880288fa2", "hs-e0003875b1", "hs-0975255942" ] }, "production": { "sold": "not sold at a set price; design released as open source", "where": "San Francisco, United States (K-Scale Labs)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-11-20", "title": "K-Scale Labs shuts down and open-sources its designs", "summary": "PEdaily reported K-Scale closed after its pivot to the larger K-Bot strained funds, releasing all hardware designs and tools as open source.", "publisher": "PEdaily", "url": "https://news.pedaily.cn/202511/557563.shtml" } ], "video": { "id": "P1nz9iRlddk", "title": "Stompy", "channel": "K-Scale Labs" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/k-scale-labs-stompy-2024.jpg", "author": "K-Scale Labs", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250608221251/https://www.kscale.dev/", "page": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250608221251/https://www.kscale.dev/", "kind": "maker", "w": 621, "h": 828 } }, { "id": "booster-t1-2024", "name": "T1", "maker": "Booster Robotics", "makerId": "booster", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "education", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 118, "weightKg": 30, "dof": 23, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": 44700, "priceNote": "$44,700 MSRP on the RoboCup program page ($20,400 RoboCup team price); other reports give $30,000-50,000.", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Official AdultSize platform for RoboCup; a T1 team won the 2025 AdultSize world title.", "deployments": "Used by RoboCup teams and university labs.", "summary": "A 1.18 m, 30 kg soccer-capable humanoid with Jetson AGX Orin compute, built for research and RoboCup. Launch month not confirmed.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-d69339cb53", "hs-49ead08948" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024", "event": "Booster launch", "url": null }, "released": { "date": "2024", "note": "on sale" }, "components": { "actuators": "23 DoF standard, 31 with grippers, 41 with dexterous hands; max knee torque 130 Nm; dual joint encoders.", "hands": "Optional EG2-4C2 gripper (0-20 N) or RH56DFX hand (6 DoF, 12 joints, 17+ tactile sensors).", "sensors": "Depth camera, 9-axis IMU, microphone array, speaker.", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin (200 TOPS) plus 14-core CPU; dual-board upgrade offered.", "battery": "10.5 Ah; about 2 h walking, 4 h standing; spare packs sold.", "software": "Open API and SDK on GitHub, ROS 2 support, simulation in Isaac Sim, MuJoCo and Webots.", "other": "Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5.2, Ethernet, optional 5G; RoboCup MSRP $44,700 with 3-year warranty.", "sources": [ "hs-49ead08948", "hs-d69339cb53", "hs-32aaa35867", "hs-c5c70e670f" ] }, "production": { "where": "Sold worldwide through Booster and resellers (e.g. Europe).", "customers": "RoboCup teams via the federation's robot program; Tsinghua's team won the 2025 AdultSize division (Caixin)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-07-09", "title": "Booster robots used by 38 of 59 RoboCup 2026 teams", "summary": "Booster says its robots took all RoboCup 2026 championship titles.", "publisher": "Booster Robotics", "url": "https://www.booster.tech/" }, { "date": "2026-04-17", "title": "Booster raises nearly 1 billion yuan", "summary": "Q1 2026 shipments rose 500% year on year; K1 passed 1,000 units in 20+ countries (company).", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/market-industry/embodied-ai-company-booster-robotics-completes-nearly-1-billion-financing-2046225660790435840" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "Booster T1 to go on sale in Japan via Switch Science", "summary": "Switch Science plans to sell the ROS 2-based Booster T1 in Japan for a price in the mid-¥2 million range, according to a report from iREX 2025.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2512/18/news014.html" }, { "date": "2025-07-24", "title": "Booster closes Series A+ round", "summary": "Beijing robot and AI industry funds invested over 100 million yuan.", "publisher": "Caixin Global", "url": "https://www.caixinglobal.com/2025-07-25/chinas-booster-robotics-lands-new-funding-as-it-hits-a-winning-streak-102344904.html" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://www.booster.tech/booster-t1/", "type": null, "label": "Buy Now / Inquire (leads to Booster inquiry form)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "2JkBcs7tNsI", "title": "Booster T1 at CES is Unstoppable", "channel": "Booster Robotics (@BoosterRobotics)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/booster-t1-2024.jpg", "author": "Booster Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.booster.tech/booster-t1/", "page": "https://www.booster.tech/booster-t1/", "kind": "maker", "w": 600, "h": 600 } }, { "id": "ihub-robotics-tara-gen-1-2024", "name": "Tara Gen-1 (Tara Greet / Tara Learn / Tara Care)", "maker": "iHub Robotics (I Hub Research and Robotics, Kochi)", "makerId": "ihub", "country": "India", "year": 2024, "date": "2024", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "social", "retail", "education", "healthcare" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "About 35 units were deployed across India, the UAE and Saudi Arabia by the end of 2025, including seven for the UAE government, and roughly 30 more in early 2026 (Circuit Digest, September 2026).", "summary": "A wheeled reception and service humanoid with an OLED face, two arms and a chest touchscreen that talks in more than 100 languages, recognises faces and navigates indoors by SLAM. It comes in variants for reception and banking, teaching and care.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-f43f587b9c", "hs-2ac0c5a0f5", "hs-5acc480961" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/ihub-robotics-tara-gen-1-2024.jpg", "author": "iHub Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.ihubrobotics.com/tara", "page": "https://www.ihubrobotics.com/tara", "kind": "maker", "w": 562, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "ubtech-walker-s1-2024", "name": "Walker S1", "maker": "UBTECH Robotics", "makerId": "ubtech", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Took part in what UBTECH called the first multi-robot, multi-task collaborative training in a factory (Zeekr, 2025).", "deployments": "Trained at BYD, Zeekr, Geely, Foxconn and SF Express in late 2024 and 2025; about 500 orders reported from car makers in 2024.", "summary": "Factory humanoid that moved boxes, checked car badges and lamps, and learned group tasks through UBTECH's BrainNet software. Detailed specs not confirmed in this pass.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-1a4e9b6acb", "hs-01b58d60a7", "hs-dd22677d29" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024", "event": "UBTECH announcement", "url": null }, "released": { "date": "2024-10", "note": "on the market from October 2024; about 500 car-maker orders in 2024 (heise)" }, "components": { "actuators": "41 degrees of freedom (heise). UBTECH notes joint cooling engineered for long high-load work.", "sensors": "Multiple visual and acoustic sensors for 360-degree multimodal perception; semantic visual SLAM navigation.", "software": "Large language model for task planning and intent understanding; two-stage semantic VSLAM; learning-based end-to-end whole-body motion control.", "other": "Market launch of current version October 2024 (heise).", "sources": [ "hs-01b58d60a7", "hs-c214c18cfa", "hs-1a4e9b6acb" ] }, "production": { "sold": "About 500 orders from car makers in 2024 (heise, citing UBTECH); no delivery count found.", "where": "China", "customers": "BYD (logistics with AMRs/AGVs), NIO, SF Express (tests), Foxconn training project agreed 15 Jan 2025 for Zhengzhou plants (heise; UBTECH)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-01", "title": "UBTECH sells 921 full-size humanoids in H1 2026", "summary": "Full-size humanoid revenue reached 590 million yuan, 46.5% of total (company figures).", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/market-industry/ubtech-reports-127-billion-yuan-in-first-half-revenue-sells-921-full-size-humanoid-robots-2094660109459607553" }, { "date": "2026-01-09", "title": "Omdia puts UBTECH third in 2025 humanoid shipments", "summary": "Omdia estimated about 1,000 UBTECH humanoids shipped in 2025.", "publisher": "TechNode", "url": "https://technode.com/2026/01/09/chinas-agibot-leads-global-humanoid-robot-shipments-in-2025-omdia-says/" }, { "date": "2025-11-17", "title": "Walker S2 mass delivery begins", "summary": "UBTECH started shipping the first several hundred Walker S2 units; Walker orders in 2025 passed 800 million yuan (company figure).", "publisher": "AAP / Cision", "url": "https://www.aap.com.au/aapreleases/cision20251117ae25955/" }, { "date": "2025-01-27", "title": "Walker S1 in BYD and NIO plants; Foxconn project", "summary": "UBTECH reported about 500 car-maker orders in 2024 and a training deal with Foxconn.", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://heise.de/-10257836" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/humanoid/products/walker-s1", "type": null, "label": "Contact UBTECH (inquiry form)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "UBbk18oZbTc", "title": "Introducing UBTECH Humanoid Robot Walker S1: meet the generalization needs in industrial scenarios", "channel": "UBTECH Robotics", "display": true } }, { "id": "kepler-forerunner-k1-2024", "name": "Forerunner K1", "maker": "Kepler Exploration Robotics", "makerId": "kepler-exploration", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-01", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "industrial", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 178, "weightKg": 85, "dof": 40, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 20000, "priceNote": "Kepler's January 2024 release gave an estimated retail price of US$20,000-30,000 (eeNews Europe reported about US$30,000 for international buyers).", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Kepler's first full-size biped, shown at CES 2024 alongside the S1 and D1 versions of the same Forerunner body. It uses the company's own roller-screw actuators and 12-joint hands, and was later followed by the Forerunner K2 'Bumblebee'.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-8e7a2c451a", "hs-2d4739d644" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-01", "event": "CES 2024, Las Vegas (9-12 January 2024)", "url": "https://en.prnasia.com/lightnews/lightnews-0-101-70420.shtml" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "mass production was planned for the second half of 2024; the line moved on to the Forerunner K2" }, "components": { "actuators": "Kepler's own planetary roller-screw linear actuators in the limbs (8,000 N thrust) and rotary actuators in the waist and joints (200 Nm peak torque, 0.01-degree repeatability); up to 40 DoF across the body.", "hands": "In-house dexterous hands with 12 DoF each, able to sense and gently grasp objects.", "sensors": "Vision, hearing and other perception handled by the NEBULA system, supporting visual recognition, visual SLAM and hand-eye coordination; individual sensors not listed.", "compute": "On-board motherboard with a processor rated at 100 TOPS; a cloud multimodal model plus a smaller task model running on the robot.", "software": "NEBULA perception/control system and Kepler OS developer platform with interfaces, reference projects and multi-robot coordination.", "other": "178 cm and 85 kg; offered in K1, S1 and D1 versions of the same body for uses from research and education to production lines, inspection and rescue.", "sources": [ "hs-8e7a2c451a", "hs-2d4739d644" ] }, "production": { "built": "Mass production was planned for the second half of 2024 (shipping from Q3 2024 per eeNews)", "sold": "no unit figures published", "where": "China; Kepler said only a few parts such as the motherboard were sourced abroad" }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-01-22", "title": "Kepler details Forerunner after CES 2024", "summary": "Kepler's release gave a US$20,000-30,000 estimated price, a 100 TOPS processor and plans for mass production in the second half of 2024.", "publisher": "PR Newswire Asia", "url": "https://en.prnasia.com/lightnews/lightnews-0-101-70420.shtml" }, { "date": "2024-01-04", "title": "Kepler humanoid pitched for a 3-day working week", "summary": "eeNews reported 8,000 N roller-screw actuators, 12-DoF hands and about US$30,000 for international buyers.", "publisher": "eeNews Europe", "url": "https://www.eenewseurope.com/en/humanoid-robot-aims-to-drive-productivity-for-a-3-day-week" } ], "video": { "id": "do0RHW0ao5U", "title": "The Kepler humanoid robot made its debut at CES 2024！", "channel": "Kepler Humanoid Robot" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kepler-forerunner-k1-2024.jpg", "author": "Kepler Exploration Robotics (Shanghai Kepler Robot Co.)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://en.prnasia.com/lightnews/lightnews-0-101-70420.shtml", "page": "https://en.prnasia.com/lightnews/lightnews-0-101-70420.shtml", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 663 } }, { "id": "isento-pib-2024", "name": "pib (printable intelligent bot)", "maker": "isento GmbH", "makerId": "isento", "country": "Germany", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-02", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "education", "research" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Free open-source build files; ready-made kits and a pib.Pro version are sold separately", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Won the German Design Award 2025 and German Innovation Award 2025.", "deployments": "Used in German schools (pib@school) and a University of Erlangen-Nuremberg teaching seminar.", "summary": "An open-source, 3D-printable upper-body humanoid with a screen face, moving head, arms and hands, whose CAD files, parts lists and code are public; version 4 added a sound-locating microphone array. It began as a side project of a Nuremberg IT firm around 2020 and has a community of about 1,800 to 2,000 builders; 2024 is the earliest dated public showing found (didacta Cologne).", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-771b390a0f", "hs-4730fd5954", "hs-9d5d6def18", "hs-84044708cc" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-02", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/isento-pib-2024.jpg", "author": "isento GmbH", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://pib.rocks/", "page": "https://pib.rocks/", "kind": "maker", "w": 670, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "toyota-tri-punyo-2024", "name": "Punyo", "maker": "Toyota Research Institute", "makerId": "toyota", "country": "Japan", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-02-29", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "home", "care" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Soft, huggable humanoid upper body that lifts objects using its arms and chest, not only its hands.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A torso-and-arms research robot covered in air-filled bladders and tactile fabric, aimed at future home and care help. It has no legs or mobile base. TRI is a US-based Toyota unit; country set to Japan for Toyota.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-2fffacd4cd", "hs-b3e46dca32" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-02-29", "event": "TRI announcement", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/punyo-soft-robot-from-tri-designed-for-whole-body-manipulation/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research only" }, "components": { "actuators": "Two rigid robot arms on a torso frame with a waist actuator (supplier not named).", "hands": "'Paw' grippers made of one high-friction latex bubble with an internal camera tracking a printed dot pattern to estimate force.", "sensors": "Air-filled bubbles on the arms with pressure sensors to detect external forces; in-paw cameras.", "materials": "Compliant soft covering on hands, arms and chest; each arm bubble adds about 5 cm of compliance with adjustable stiffness.", "software": "Diffusion policy trained on human demonstrations; example-guided RL with adversarial motion priors; plan-guided RL using a model-based planner instead of teleoperation.", "other": "Upper-body (static) research platform for whole-body manipulation.", "sources": [ "hs-b3e46dca32", "hs-2fffacd4cd" ] }, "production": { "built": "Research robot at Toyota Research Institute; not for sale." }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-04-02", "title": "Spectrum profiles TRI's soft Punyo", "summary": "TRI aims Punyo at whole-body handling of big, awkward objects and help for older adults.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/humanoid-robot-tri-punyo" }, { "date": "2024-02-29", "title": "TRI unveils Punyo soft humanoid", "summary": "Upper-body robot covered in air-filled pads for whole-body manipulation.", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/punyo-soft-robot-from-tri-designed-for-whole-body-manipulation/" } ], "video": { "id": "FY-MD4gteeE", "title": "Meet Punyo, TRI’s Soft Robot for Whole-Body Manipulation Research", "channel": "Toyota Research Institute" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/toyota-tri-punyo-2024.jpg", "author": "Toyota Research Institute", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://punyo.tech/", "page": "https://punyo.tech/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 562 } }, { "id": "qss-mohammad-2024", "name": "Mohammad (Muhammad)", "maker": "QSS AI & Robots", "makerId": "qss-ai", "country": "Saudi Arabia", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-03", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "social" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Presented as Saudi Arabia's first male humanoid robot.", "deployments": null, "summary": "QSS's bilingual male counterpart to Sara, shown at DeepFest in Riyadh in March 2024 speaking Arabic and gesturing from a pedestal; a clip of it touching a reporter went viral and QSS said it was operating autonomously. No walking was shown, so locomotion is listed as static.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-8674766fe1", "hs-1fefd9efe0" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-03", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/qss-mohammad-2024.jpg", "author": "QSS AI & Robots", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://qltyss.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/mohammad-after.jpg", "page": "https://qltyss.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/mohammad-after.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 689 } }, { "id": "reflex-robotics-2024", "name": "Reflex humanoid", "maker": "Reflex Robotics", "makerId": "reflex", "country": "United States", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-03", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "logistics", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 22.7, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Below $50,000 (2024, company statement).", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Wheeled warehouse humanoid with a rising torso, two arms (over 11 kg each) and swappable grippers, run by remote pilots while machine learning takes over routine picks.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-9fa7e3d21a", "hs-3ab5500206" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-03", "event": "Modex 2024, Atlanta", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2024/03/13/reflex-robotics-wheeled-humanoid-is-here-to-grab-you-a-snack/" }, "released": { "date": "2024", "note": "customer pilots" }, "components": { "actuators": "In-house design; arms rated above 25 lb each and 50+ lb combined fully outstretched (second-generation robot).", "hands": "Swappable grippers, including three-finger dexterous hands with built-in suction.", "sensors": "Multiple RGB sensors in a head on an articulated neck with 180-degree field of view.", "compute": "Not published.", "battery": "16+ hour battery in the wheeled base (company claim).", "software": "Human-in-the-loop teleoperation from remote operators, moving toward supervised autonomy ('Reflex Intelligence' policies that improve from supervised work).", "other": "Wheeled base under 2 ft x 2 ft that turns in place; spine moves up and down to reach high shelves and the floor; works with existing carts, scanners and touchscreens.", "sources": [ "hs-9fa7e3d21a", "hs-3ab5500206", "hs-b59f3f85ef" ] }, "production": { "built": "10-20 robots in pilots in March 2024, with 'hundreds' planned the following year (company statement to TechCrunch).", "where": "United States" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-03-17", "title": "Second-gen robot at ProMat 2025", "summary": "Reflex showed swappable grippers, a moving spine and a 16+ hour battery.", "publisher": "Modern Materials Handling", "url": "https://www.mmh.com/article/reflex_robotics_showcases_humanoid_robot" }, { "date": "2024-03-13", "title": "Reflex debuts at Modex", "summary": "The teleoperated wheeled humanoid targeted a price below $50,000.", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2024/03/13/reflex-robotics-wheeled-humanoid-is-here-to-grab-you-a-snack/" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://www.reflexrobotics.com/", "type": null, "label": "Get in touch (workflow inquiry form)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "rC5XicnUhmc", "title": "Real Work, Real Warehouse, Real Humanoid", "channel": "Reflex Robotics (@reflexrobotics)", "display": true } }, { "id": "tlibot-t1-2024", "name": "T1 (T1 Pro)", "maker": "Sichuan Tianlian Robot (TLIBOT, formerly Sichuan Fude Robot)", "makerId": "sichuan-tianlian", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-04", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "research", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 160, "weightKg": 43, "dof": 41, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 10, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Units went to customer sites for testing in 2024; the company reported no commercial humanoid shipments as of mid-2025 (36Kr).", "summary": "A light biped from Mianyang robot maker Tianlian, weighing 43 kg with battery. The maker counts 41 DoF on the body without the dexterous hands (press reports give 71 in total) and a 10 kg arm payload; height is the press figure for the T1 Pro.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-34e2437b8b", "hs-5800b91082", "hs-64ca7c4e64" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-04", "event": "Shown at Hannover Messe 2024, where it drew overseas orders (per Chuanguan News, June 2024); exact reveal date not found", "url": "https://cbgc.scol.com.cn/news/5060332" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "T1 Pro shown at WAIC 2025; not yet in volume production" }, "components": { "actuators": "Tianlian's own joint modules (the company also sells joints); 41 body DoF without hands (head/neck 5, arms 9 each, waist 4, legs 7 each). Peak joint torque 450 Nm at the hip, 281 Nm at the knee and 148 Nm at the ankle; joint speed up to 720 deg/s.", "hands": "Dexterous hands fitted separately (not counted in the 41 DoF; press gives 71 DoF in total for the T1 Pro); arm payload 10 kg.", "battery": "1,110 Wh battery; runtime not stated.", "other": "43 kg with battery and without skin; the T1 Pro is 160 cm tall (36Kr). Tianlian and Leju were developing robots for highway toll stations (2024).", "sources": [ "hs-34e2437b8b", "hs-64ca7c4e64" ] }, "production": { "built": "One humanoid unit produced in June 2025 (36Kr)", "sold": "Humanoids not yet shipped as of mid-2025, although overseas orders were reported at Hannover Messe 2024", "where": "Mianyang, Sichuan, China", "customers": "Unnamed; units delivered to customer sites for testing" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-07-31", "title": "Tianlian prepares STAR Market listing", "summary": "Tianlian signed an IPO tutoring deal with Huaan Securities; it made one humanoid in June 2025 and had not yet shipped humanoids.", "publisher": "36Kr", "url": "https://eu.36kr.com/zh/p/3402501476419717" }, { "date": "2024-06-05", "title": "Mianyang robot makers race into humanoids", "summary": "Sichuan media reported the T1 drew overseas orders at Hannover Messe 2024 and was being tuned to walk by end of June.", "publisher": "Chuanguan News", "url": "https://cbgc.scol.com.cn/news/5060332" } ], "video": { "id": "BWXn_7_zd4Q", "title": "TLIBOT T1Pro Humanoid Robot", "channel": "福德 (@FDROBOT, TLIBOT/Fude official)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/tlibot-t1-2024.jpg", "author": "Sichuan Tianlian Robot", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.tlibot.com/product_detail/36.html", "page": "https://www.tlibot.com/product_detail/36.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 740 } }, { "id": "boston-dynamics-atlas-electric-2024", "name": "Atlas (electric prototype)", "maker": "Boston Dynamics", "makerId": "boston-dynamics", "country": "United States", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-04-17", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Replaced the famous hydraulic Atlas with an all-electric design whose joints rotate beyond human range.", "deployments": "Testing with Hyundai announced at reveal.", "summary": "All-electric successor to the hydraulic Atlas, revealed a day after the old robot was retired, with a ring-lit head and planetary roller-screw actuators. It served as the development prototype for the 2026 product version.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-0487bb59fb", "hs-6c30f9639d" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-04-17", "event": "Reveal video, one day after the hydraulic Atlas was retired", "url": "https://www.wcax.com/2024/04/18/boston-dynamics-retires-original-atlas-humanoid-robot-after-more-than-10-years/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not for sale" }, "components": { "actuators": "Fully electric actuation; Boston Dynamics describes the new Atlas as stronger and having a broader range of motion than previous generations (Boston Dynamics, 2024).", "hands": "Several interchangeable gripper variations under test for different customer needs.", "sensors": "Not published for the 2024 prototype; ring light around the head.", "compute": "Not published.", "battery": "Not published.", "software": "Reinforcement learning and computer vision; Orbit fleet software integration planned.", "other": "Joints rotate beyond human range of motion; stronger than the last hydraulic Atlas.", "sources": [ "hs-0487bb59fb", "hs-6c30f9639d" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not sold; prototype tested with Hyundai as first partner.", "where": "United States", "customers": "Hyundai Motor Group (testing partner, 2024)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-04-17", "title": "Electric Atlas revealed", "summary": "Boston Dynamics introduced an all-electric Atlas a day after retiring the hydraulic version.", "publisher": "WCAX", "url": "https://www.wcax.com/2024/04/18/boston-dynamics-retires-original-atlas-humanoid-robot-after-more-than-10-years/" }, { "date": "2024-04-16", "title": "Hydraulic Atlas retired", "summary": "Boston Dynamics retired hydraulic Atlas after more than a decade of humanoid research and introduced a fully electric successor.", "publisher": "Boston Dynamics", "url": "https://bostondynamics.com/blog/electric-new-era-for-atlas/" } ], "buyNone": "2024 prototype superseded by the product Atlas (see boston-dynamics-atlas-product-2026).", "video": { "id": "29ECwExc-_M", "title": "All New Atlas | Boston Dynamics", "channel": "Boston Dynamics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/boston-dynamics-atlas-electric-2024.jpg", "author": "Boston Dynamics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://bostondynamics.com/blog/electric-new-era-for-atlas/", "page": "https://bostondynamics.com/blog/electric-new-era-for-atlas/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 706 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/boston-dynamics.png", "author": "Cleanoxygenforeveryone", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BostonDynamics_Logo.svg", "article": "File:BostonDynamics Logo.svg" } }, { "id": "sanctuary-phoenix-gen7-2024", "name": "Phoenix (7th generation)", "maker": "Sanctuary AI", "makerId": "sanctuary-ai", "country": "Canada", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-04-25", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "To be tested in Magna International auto-parts plants under a 2024 partnership.", "summary": "Seventh-generation Phoenix with smaller hydraulics, more wrist, hand and elbow range, longer uptime and lower parts cost; Sanctuary said it could learn a new task in under 24 hours.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-da6f5d1641", "hs-c790f07ae2", "hs-618a8a81d7" ], "canada": "Vancouver, BC maker; pilot with Canadian auto-parts giant Magna International (Aurora, Ontario).", "firstShown": { "date": "2024-04-25", "event": "Sanctuary AI announcement of 7th-generation Phoenix", "url": "https://www.vktr.com/the-wire/sanctuary-ai-unveils-the-next-generation-of-ai-robotics/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "pilots only" }, "components": { "actuators": "Further miniaturised hydraulics, cutting weight, power use and complexity.", "hands": "More durable hydraulic hands with greater wrist, hand and elbow range of motion; improved tactile sensing. Sanctuary later demonstrated zero-shot in-hand manipulation on its hydraulic hand trained with NVIDIA Isaac Lab.", "sensors": "Improved visual acuity and tactile sensing for higher-fidelity training data.", "compute": "Not published.", "battery": "Not published.", "materials": "Reduced bill of materials and faster build and commissioning time.", "software": "Carbon AI; time to automate a new task cut from weeks to under 24 hours (company claim).", "other": "Higher uptime for training and data capture.", "sources": [ "hs-da6f5d1641", "hs-c790f07ae2", "hs-2dc268acff" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Pilots only; units not disclosed.", "where": "Canada", "customers": "Magna International (factory testing partner, announced 2024)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-08-29", "title": "Sanctuary also sells its robot brain", "summary": "Forbes coverage listed by Sanctuary says it now licenses its AI for other robots as well as building Phoenix.", "publisher": "Sanctuary AI", "url": "https://www.sanctuary.ai/news" }, { "date": "2026-06", "title": "Physical AI strategy extends to industrial robots", "summary": "Sanctuary said it was applying its AI to industrial robotics platforms beyond Phoenix.", "publisher": "Sanctuary AI", "url": "https://www.sanctuary.ai/news" }, { "date": "2024-11-11", "title": "Co-founder Geordie Rose steps down as CEO", "summary": "Chief commercial officer James Wells became interim CEO; Sanctuary had raised up to $140M.", "publisher": "The Logic", "url": "https://thelogic.co/news/sanctuary-ai-ceo-geordie-rose-out/" }, { "date": "2024-04-26", "title": "Magna to test Phoenix in auto-parts plants", "summary": "The Logic reported Gen 7 and Magna's plan to test the robots.", "publisher": "The Logic", "url": "https://thelogic.co/briefing/vancouvers-sanctuary-ai-announces-more-human-like-robot-design/" }, { "date": "2024-04-25", "title": "Gen 7 Phoenix unveiled", "summary": "Sanctuary cited higher uptime, lower cost and better hands.", "publisher": "VKTR", "url": "https://www.vktr.com/the-wire/sanctuary-ai-unveils-the-next-generation-of-ai-robotics/" } ], "buyNone": "Sanctuary's site no longer markets Phoenix; it now offers 'Commercial Inquiries' for its AI on third-party robots.", "video": { "id": "-HizP4UQvug", "title": "Sanctuary AI Unveils the Next Generation of AI Robotics", "channel": "Sanctuary AI" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/sanctuary-phoenix-gen7-2024.jpg", "author": "Sanctuary AI", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://sanctuary.ai/news/sanctuary-ai-unveils-the-next-generation-of-ai-robotics/", "page": "https://sanctuary.ai/news/sanctuary-ai-unveils-the-next-generation-of-ai-robotics/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 576 } }, { "id": "bhric-tiangong-2024", "name": "Tiangong", "maker": "Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center (X-Humanoid)", "makerId": "beijing-humanoid-innovation-center", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-04-27", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 163, "weightKg": 43, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 12, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Billed as the first full-size all-electric humanoid able to run; open-sourced in November 2024.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 1.63 m, 43 kg open research platform that runs steadily at 6 km/h; a November 2024 update cited a 12 km/h top speed.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-bef48bdb70", "hs-3ecd8523e2" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-04-27", "event": "Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area unveiling", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "open-source platform, not sold" }, "components": { "sensors": "Multiple vision sensors, 3D vision sensors, high-precision six-axis force sensors, high-precision IMU.", "compute": "Reported as 550 trillion operations per second (Maginative wording; chip not named).", "software": "'Predictive reinforcement imitation learning based on state memory' for motion skills; compatible with open-source software; blind stair climbing demos.", "other": "Positioned as an open platform for partners building home-service and industrial applications.", "sources": [ "hs-bef48bdb70", "hs-9f275f0e93", "hs-0b19bfc26f" ] }, "production": { "built": "Open research platform; not sold as a product.", "where": "China" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-10", "title": "Tiangong Ultra's maker turns to real-world work", "summary": "After the 100 m win, X-Humanoid aims Ultra at inspection and rescue and trials Tianyi 2.0 at Foton Cummins.", "publisher": "Arab News Pakistan", "url": "https://www.arabnews.pk/world/after-outrunning-usain-bolt-chinas-robot-champion-races-towards-real-world-work-3000810" }, { "date": "2026-08-22", "title": "Tiangong Ultra runs 100 m in 9.39 s heat", "summary": "The centre's Ultra model later posted 8.64 s in the World Humanoid Robot Games final (Reuters).", "publisher": "Khaleej Times", "url": "https://www.khaleejtimes.com/business/tech/chinese-robot-tiangong-ultra-beats-usain-bolt-100m-world-record-beijing-games" }, { "date": "2024-04-28", "title": "Beijing centre unveils Tiangong", "summary": "1.63 m, 43 kg electric humanoid that runs steadily at 6 km/h.", "publisher": "Maginative", "url": "https://www.maginative.com/article/meet-tiangong-chinas-full-size-electric-running-humanoid-robot/" } ], "video": { "id": "DwGbfpOVPPY", "title": "\"Tien Kung\" (Tiangong): running on a treadmill", "channel": "TianGong Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/bhric-tiangong-2024.jpg", "author": "Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center (X-Humanoid)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.x-humanoid.com/storage/website/2024/07-29/66a70b7b24e0b-1-35508.jpg", "page": "https://www.x-humanoid.com/storage/website/2024/07-29/66a70b7b24e0b-1-35508.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 646 } }, { "id": "astribot-s1-2024", "name": "Astribot S1", "maker": "Astribot (Stardust Intelligence)", "makerId": "astribot", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-04-29", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "home", "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": 80, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "No official price; third-party estimates range from about $96,000 to $150,000.", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Showed arm movements of up to about 10 m/s in household-chore demos.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled two-armed humanoid shown folding clothes, cooking and pouring drinks via imitation learning. Weight reported as 80-90 kg.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-2cdd54661c", "hs-f9b788e98f" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-04-29", "event": "Reveal video", "url": "https://www.svconline.com/proav-today/watch-astribot-s1-robot" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "early commercial use reported, no public list price" }, "components": { "actuators": "Fully self-developed cable-driven transmission that mimics human tendons for compliant force control (Gasgoo).", "software": "DuoCore fast-slow system model (2025) deployed in Chinese retail; Lumo-1 reasoning foundation model; SmoothRL; 'Design for AI' hardware-software architecture.", "other": "Company claims arm speeds up to 10 m/s. Wheeled upper-body design; detailed specs not published in sources opened.", "sources": [ "hs-f9b788e98f", "hs-17c373e21f", "hs-d20e21cb0f" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Astribot says it has 'thousand-unit orders' in retail, industry and research and makes batch deliveries (company); no verified count.", "where": "China", "customers": "Deployed in research, commercial services, entertainment and industry (Gasgoo); no named customers." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-06-03", "title": "Astribot closes Series B above 1 billion yuan", "summary": "Valuation passed 10 billion yuan; cheaper T1 launched at 89,900 yuan.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/seeds-astribot-completes-over-1-billion-yuan-series-b-financing-round-2062155019816882177" }, { "date": "2024-04-30", "title": "Astribot S1 shown folding clothes and slicing food", "summary": "Company claims movements up to 10 m/s; sales planned for later 2024.", "publisher": "Sound & Video Contractor", "url": "https://www.svconline.com/proav-today/watch-astribot-s1-robot" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://www.astribot.com/contact", "type": null, "label": "Business cooperation form (Chinese)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "6X-s4Qsn1z4", "title": "Astribot S1: Launch", "channel": "Astribot" } }, { "id": "andromeda-robotics-abi-2024", "name": "Abi", "maker": "Andromeda Robotics", "makerId": "andromeda", "country": "Australia", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-05", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "care", "social" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Trialled at Benetas' St George's home in Melbourne from May 2024; now in all 22 mecwacare aged-care homes in Victoria and, from 2026, a US memory-care community.", "summary": "A brightly coloured companion humanoid for aged care with a screen face, arms for gestures and a legged body on a small base; it chats in many languages, recognises residents and leads activities. Specs are not published; the base type is read from maker photos.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-f23a073951", "hs-8c1f6032d6", "hs-e54a5e07a4" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-05", "event": "Earliest dated public source found: The Ageing Agenda report (30 May 2024) on Abi's three-month trial at Benetas, Melbourne", "url": "https://theageingagenda.com.au/technology/benetas-trials-robot-companion/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Upgraded 'Genesis Abi' version launched later with mecwacare" }, "components": { "hands": "Arms for gestures; one cylinder-shaped hand blows bubbles (Upstart Media via maker). No grasping hands described.", "sensors": "Stereoscopic cameras for computer vision and depth sensing; recognises residents' faces.", "software": "Andromeda's own AI and machine-learning models with a dialogue engine for emotive conversation; remembers past conversations, speaks about 90 languages and runs autonomously.", "other": "About 4 ft tall and brightly coloured. Sold on contracts priced by the number of robots, with onboarding, staff training and support; the upgraded version is called Genesis Abi.", "sources": [ "hs-8c1f6032d6", "hs-e54a5e07a4", "hs-f23a073951" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Deployed in aged care in Australia and the US; total unit count not published", "where": "Melbourne, Australia", "customers": "mecwacare (Abi in all 22 homes, Victoria), Benetas (trial at St George's, Altona, 2024), Allity (Bolton Clarke) trials, Eskaton Village Carmichael (first US site, California)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-09-09", "title": "Andromeda raises A$23 million and launches Genesis Abi", "summary": "Forerunner Ventures led the Series A, and the first Genesis Abi went to a mecwacare home in Victoria, with US expansion planned.", "publisher": "Inside Ageing", "url": "https://insideageing.com.au/andromeda-raises-23-million-and-sets-record-in-women-led-series-a-funding/" }, { "date": "2024-05-30", "title": "Benetas trials Abi in Melbourne", "summary": "Benetas began a three-month trial of Abi at its St George's home in Altona, monitoring residents' experience and staff views.", "publisher": "Australian Ageing Agenda", "url": "https://theageingagenda.com.au/technology/benetas-trials-robot-companion/" } ], "video": { "id": "kt_bjVV0edQ", "title": "Introducing Abi, the personalised robot companion | Andromeda Robotics", "channel": "Andromeda Robotics (@AndromedaRobotics)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/andromeda-robotics-abi-2024.jpg", "author": "Andromeda Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://andromedarobotics.ai/product", "page": "https://andromedarobotics.ai/product", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 667 } }, { "id": "unitree-g1-2024", "name": "G1", "maker": "Unitree Robotics", "makerId": "unitree", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-05", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "education", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 132, "weightKg": 35, "dof": 23, "speedKmh": 7.2, "payloadKg": 2, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": 13500, "priceNote": "Current list price of the base G1 on Unitree’s own store (checked 12 October 2026); the G1 Pro is listed at $21,500. It launched at $16,000 in May 2024. Shipping and import duties are extra.", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Its $16,000 launch price reset what a full humanoid robot could cost and made it the default research humanoid.", "deployments": "Widely sold to universities and developers; independent G1 teams won medals at the 2025 World Humanoid Robot Games.", "summary": "A compact, foldable humanoid about 1.3 m tall and 35 kg, with 23 joints in the base model (up to 43 on EDU versions with dexterous hands). Unitree's two product pages list 1,270 mm and 1,320 mm standing height.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-a2e5a74fa6", "hs-f78564a254", "hs-74b584922b" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-05", "event": "ICRA 2024 unveiling", "url": "https://heise.de/-9720187" }, "released": { "date": "2024-08", "note": "Listed from US$13,500 through Unitree's official store; base G1 on backorder (Unitree, checked 2026-10-13)" }, "components": { "actuators": "Low-inertia high-speed internal-rotor PMSM joint motors with industrial crossed roller bearings and dual encoders. 23 DoF base (6 per leg, 5 per arm, 1 waist), 23-43 DoF on EDU. Peak knee torque 90 Nm (G1) or 120 Nm (EDU).", "hands": "Base G1 has no hands. EDU offers the three-finger Dex3-1 force-controlled hand with 7 active DoF (thumb 3, index 2, middle 2) and optional tactile sensor arrays; press reports a five-finger option at $21,000.", "sensors": "Livox Mid-360 3D LiDAR and Intel RealSense D435 depth camera in the head (heise); 4-microphone array and 5 W speaker.", "compute": "8-core high-performance CPU (model not named); EDU can add an NVIDIA Orin module.", "battery": "13-string lithium pack, 9,000 mAh, quick-release; about 2 hours; 54 V 5 A charger. A spare battery was quoted at $750.", "software": "Imitation and reinforcement learning control; UnifoLM (Unitree's unified robot large model) and a robot world model; OTA updates; secondary development on EDU only.", "other": "Wi-Fi 6 and Bluetooth 5.2; maker list price now $13,500 excluding tax and shipping; 8-month warranty (18 months EDU).", "sources": [ "hs-a2e5a74fa6", "hs-f78564a254", "hs-e5d8d01a7d", "hs-01e878f126", "hs-fc19fa651b" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Unitree says it shipped more than 5,500 humanoids in 2025 and produced over 6,500 (company figure, all models, wheeled dual-arm excluded); its prospectus counts 5,632 humanoids sold 2023-2025. Omdia estimated 4,200 Unitree humanoids in 2025. No per-model split published.", "where": "Sold worldwide through Unitree and resellers; overseas sales were 43.65% of 2025 main-business revenue (company).", "customers": "Mostly research and education buyers (company); no named G1 customers found." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-08-19", "title": "Unitree lists on Shanghai's STAR Market", "summary": "Unitree (688836.SH) opened at 1,100 yuan against a 150.80 yuan IPO price after raising about 6.1 billion yuan.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/unitree-surges-629-at-open-one-lot-yields-up-to-470000-yuan-market-cap-exceeds-400-billion-yuan-2090018320131842049" }, { "date": "2026-04-27", "title": "JAL and GMO to trial Unitree G1 in Haneda ground handling", "summary": "Japan Airlines, JAL Ground Service and GMO AI & Robotics Trading announced trials from May 2026 to 2028 using Unitree G1 and UBTECH Walker E humanoids, starting with pushing cargo containers at Haneda Airport.", "publisher": "Impress Watch", "url": "https://www.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/news/2104981.html" }, { "date": "2026-04-11", "title": "GMO Humanoid Lab Shibuya showroom opens with Unitree G1", "summary": "GMO's new Shibuya humanoid R&D showroom, which aims to house 100 robots, demonstrated Unitree G1 dance routines at its opening.", "publisher": "note (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/n9ee69e3e0279" }, { "date": "2026-02-02", "title": "G1 walks a snowfield at -47.4C", "summary": "Unitree showed a G1 taking over 130,000 steps in extreme cold.", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2026/02/02/unitree-humanoid-robots-extreme-cold-traversing-snowfield/" }, { "date": "2026-01-22", "title": "Unitree says it shipped over 5,500 humanoids in 2025", "summary": "Company figure counting only delivered units; Omdia had estimated about 4,200.", "publisher": "Jiemian", "url": "https://en.jiemian.com/article/13924474.html" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "Unitree G1 is the most common humanoid at iREX 2025", "summary": "Distributor TechShare, GMO and several other exhibitors used Unitree G1 for kickboxing, dance, motion-capture and gesture demos across the 2025 International Robot Exhibition.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2512/18/news014.html" }, { "date": "2025-01", "title": "G1 shown at CES 2025", "summary": "Priced at $16,000 with three-finger hands or $21,000 with five-finger hands; EDU models with Jetson Orin cost $40,000-68,000.", "publisher": "The Batch (DeepLearning.AI)", "url": "https://charonhub.deeplearning.ai/unitree-and-engineai-showcase-affordable-humanoid-robots/" }, { "date": "2024-05", "title": "Unitree unveils G1 at ICRA 2024", "summary": "The 1.27 m, 35 kg G1 was announced at about $16,000.", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://heise.de/-9720187" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://shop.unitree.com/products/unitree-g1", "type": "store", "label": "Buy from Unitree", "price": "From $13,500.00 USD, excl. tax and shipping (shipping est. $300-$1,200)", "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/unitree-g1-2024-1.jpg", "author": "RuinDig/Yuki Uchida", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Japan-Mobility-Show-2025-RuinDig_0565.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 740, "h": 1320 } }, { "id": "westwood-robotics-themis-2024", "name": "THEMIS", "maker": "Westwood Robotics", "makerId": "westwood", "country": "United States", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-05", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "research", "home" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 160, "weightKg": null, "dof": 40, "speedKmh": 10, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A full-size electric biped from the UCLA RoMeLa spin-off Westwood Robotics, built on its own back-drivable BEAR actuators and aimed at general work such as housekeeping and handling hazardous waste. Height, DoF and speed here are the THEMIS V2 figures (April 2025); a later Gen 2.5 adds 7-DoF arms, a new operating system called AOS and the ability to handle objects while walking.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-c683b8445b", "hs-a4e588190e", "hs-8159b92078", "hs-754552cf42" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-05", "event": "Unveiled at ICRA 2024 (per Robotics Summit article; exact day not given)", "url": "https://www.roboticssummit.com/westwood-robotics-debuting-next-gen-themis-humanoid/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "V2 shown April 2025, Gen 2.5 later; sold on enquiry, no public price" }, "components": { "actuators": "Westwood's own back-drivable BEAR proprioceptive actuators; Gen 2.5 adds 'Mountain BEAR' hip actuators with about twice the torque and less heat, and liquid cooling on the hip yaw/roll/pitch and knee actuators. Gen 2.5 has 42 DoF: 6 per leg, 7 per arm, 7 per hand and 2 in the head.", "hands": "Two 7-DoF hands; arms carry over 5 kg each at peak (Gen 2.5); whole-robot payload 15 kg.", "sensors": "ZED 2i stereo camera in the head and ZED X Mini stereo camera on the body; tactical-grade 9-axis main IMU (V2 used a MicroStrain 3DM-CV7-AHRS); speaker and microphone; force sensing.", "compute": "Main computer with AMD Ryzen 7 7840 CPU and Radeon 780M graphics, 32 GB DDR5; two NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16GB vision computers (head and body).", "battery": "Two 259.2 Wh hot-swappable packs for about 120 minutes walking; 302 Wh extended-range packs give up to 180 minutes.", "software": "Model-based control enhanced with reinforcement learning; Westwood's AOS operating system lets users drive it through LLMs, pseudo-code and AI-assisted teleoperation; V2 was built on ROS.", "other": "Gen 2.5: 1.6 m and 36.5 kg, 5 km/h walking (V2 was quoted at up to 10 km/h), wireless e-stop, structure redesigned for about 40% more impact resistance. Sold on enquiry with 6 months of support.", "sources": [ "hs-dbd3d95d86", "hs-754552cf42", "hs-a4e588190e" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sold on order; volumes not published", "where": "California, United States", "customers": "No named THEMIS customers" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-04-24", "title": "Westwood brings next-gen THEMIS to Robotics Summit", "summary": "Westwood said it would show the new THEMIS in Boston, with BEAR actuators, liquid cooling and RL-enhanced control.", "publisher": "Robotics Summit & Expo", "url": "https://www.roboticssummit.com/westwood-robotics-debuting-next-gen-themis-humanoid/" }, { "date": "2025-04-07", "title": "THEMIS V2 unveiled", "summary": "Interesting Engineering reported the 40-DoF THEMIS V2 with 7-DoF hands, a MicroStrain IMU, ROS software and up to 10 km/h.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/humanoid-robot-shows-parkour-power" } ], "video": { "id": "8hAt3ILlJrk", "title": "Meet THEMIS V2: something different, something new", "channel": "Westwood Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/westwood-robotics-themis-2024.jpg", "author": "Westwood Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.westwoodrobotics.io/themis/", "page": "https://www.westwoodrobotics.io/themis/", "kind": "maker", "w": 750, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "kit-armar-7-2024", "name": "ARMAR-7", "maker": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (H2T, Tamim Asfour)", "makerId": "karlsruhe-institute-of", "country": "Germany", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-06", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "home", "care" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Shown doing household tasks at Hannover Messe in April 2026 and slated for care-facility trials under KIT's JuBot project.", "summary": "The newest robot in KIT's ARMAR family, built to help older people at home and in care facilities: two torque-controlled 8-DoF arms, 4-DoF underactuated hands with a camera in each palm, a 3-DoF head and a 2-DoF hip and knee on a three-omniwheel base. It takes spoken or gestured requests and has emptied dishwashers and sorted laundry in demos.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-9e343cd73e", "hs-21bd394ac0", "hs-e8366a49c0" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-06", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kit-armar-7-2024.jpg", "author": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (H2T, High Performance Humanoid Technologies Lab)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://h2t.iar.kit.edu/397.php", "page": "https://h2t.iar.kit.edu/397.php", "kind": "maker", "w": 667, "h": 1000 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/karlsruhe-institute-of.png", "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_KIT.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_KIT.svg", "article": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology" } }, { "id": "nippon-signal-jinki-ittai-zizai-2024", "name": "Multi-purpose Railway Heavy Machine 'ZIZAI' (production version of Zero-shiki Jinki ver.2.0)", "maker": "Nippon Signal (maker), with Jinki Ittai (Man-Machine Synergy Effectors) and JR West", "makerId": "nippon-signal", "country": "Japan", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-07", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 40, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Promoted as the world's first humanoid-type heavy machine put into regular railway maintenance, on JR West lines from July 2024.", "deployments": "In service on JR West lines since July 2024, operated by JR West Electric System for painting overhead-line supports and cutting back trees.", "summary": "A large humanoid upper body (torso, camera head and two arms) mounted on the boom of a road-rail truck, operated from the cab through VR goggles with force-feedback control licensed from Jinki Ittai. It lifts up to 40 kg and works up to 12 m high; it is the product version of the Zero-shiki Jinki ver.2.0 prototype that JR West, Nippon Signal and Jinki Ittai developed with Fukushima subsidies in 2019-2021 and tested on JR West's Kusatsu training line.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-157fc5ce29", "hs-d25448b4f9", "hs-da353fb347", "hs-c30e5c43e9", "hs-f1feee1a84" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-07", "event": "Announcement that the multi-purpose railway heavy machine enters JR West service (prototype Zero-shiki Jinki ver.2.0 shown earlier)", "url": "https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/26818319/" }, "released": { "date": "2024-07", "note": "In JR West service from July 2024; a larger 'ZIZAI ZX-3' version by Nippon Signal was shown at iREX 2025." }, "components": { "actuators": "Humanoid upper body with two arms on the tip of a boom carried by a road-rail truck; the boom moves the robot over a wide area.", "hands": "Two arms that grip up to 40 kg remotely; interchangeable tools for tasks such as painting pole supports and cutting trees near lines.", "sensors": "Head cameras give the operator the robot's viewpoint through VR goggles.", "software": "Remote control from the truck's cab using Jinki Ittai's licensed force-control and power-amplified bilateral control technology (operator feels the load).", "other": "Works up to 12 m high; the vehicle runs on both roads and rails. Operated by West Japan Electric System for JR West.", "sources": [ "hs-157fc5ce29", "hs-1a7007ce9b" ] }, "production": { "built": "Number of units not published", "where": "Made by Nippon Signal, Japan, under licence from Jinki Ittai", "customers": "JR West (in service on its lines from July 2024; operated by West Japan Electric System); demonstrations planned with Takenaka Civil Engineering and Tohoku Electric Power Network" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-01-06", "title": "Railway humanoid machine and prototype shown together in Kyoto", "summary": "The JR West machine and the Zero-shiki Jinki ver.2.0 prototype were scheduled for joint display and demonstrations at the Kyoto Railway Museum on 18-19 January 2025.", "publisher": "Norimono News (Trafficnews)", "url": "https://trafficnews.jp/post/500447" }, { "date": "2024-07-19", "title": "JR West puts giant humanoid heavy machine into service", "summary": "JR West began using the remotely operated humanoid machine for overhead-line maintenance, lifting up to 40 kg at heights up to 12 m.", "publisher": "Robotstart via Livedoor News", "url": "https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/26818319/" } ], "video": { "id": "EI_spXrnJrs", "title": "【JR西日本】多機能鉄道重機をご紹介します！", "channel": "JR西日本サブチャンネル【公式】 (JR West official sub-channel)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/nippon-signal-jinki-ittai-zizai-2024.jpg", "author": "Nippon Signal Co., Ltd.", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.signal.co.jp/products/robotics/", "page": "https://www.signal.co.jp/products/robotics/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "droidup-walker-2-2024", "name": "Walker 2 (Xingzhe 2)", "maker": "DroidUp (Shanghai Zhuoyide Robotics)", "makerId": "droidup", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-07", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "education", "entertainment", "retail" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": 32, "dof": 30, "speedKmh": 9, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 6, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "sold through JD.com from mid-2025; price on enquiry", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Finished the world's first humanoid half marathon in Beijing in April 2025, taking third place.", "deployments": "Put on sale on JD.com in mid-2025 and shown at trade fairs and schools during 2025.", "summary": "A light, tendon-driven biped from Shanghai that weighs just 32 kg at 170 cm tall and is built for endurance; Its spec sheet gives a 9 km/h top pace, although the overview text says 3 m/s", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-aee604d4ba", "hs-96e4644243" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-07", "event": "WAIC 2024, Shanghai (DroidUp news post dated 2024-07-04)", "url": "https://www.droidup.com/news" }, "released": { "date": "2025-06-30", "note": "Listed for sale on JD.com (DroidUp news post dated 30 June 2025); price on enquiry" }, "components": { "actuators": "Bionic tendon drive with distributed motors and dynamically adjustable joint stiffness; 30 DoF. Maker claims about 25% lower energy use than rivals.", "hands": "Arms carry 5 kg each (40 kg total payload quoted).", "sensors": "Six groups of vision sensors (depth, infrared and colour) and an 8-microphone array.", "compute": "6 TOPS of edge compute on board plus 200 TOPS in the cloud (chip not named).", "battery": "Up to 6 hours of dynamic running time (capacity not published).", "software": "Motion control combining model-predictive control and reinforcement learning; autonomous navigation and obstacle avoidance; a voice library of over a million entries.", "other": "170 cm and 32 kg; climbs 30-degree slopes and 15 cm steps; spec sheet gives 9 km/h top speed while the overview cites 3 m/s.", "sources": [ "hs-aee604d4ba", "hs-96e4644243" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sold through a JD.com store from mid-2025; price on enquiry", "where": "Shanghai, China (Zhangjiang Robot Valley)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-02-26", "title": "DroidUp closes Pre-A+ round of nearly RMB 100 million", "summary": "DroidUp said industrial investors joined a Pre-A+ round of close to RMB 100 million to commercialise its tendon-driven robots.", "publisher": "DroidUp", "url": "https://www.droidup.com/news" }, { "date": "2025-08-01", "title": "Walker 3 launched at WAIC 2025", "summary": "DroidUp unveiled the next-generation Walker 3 and announced partnerships with Huawei Ascend and ZTE at WAIC 2025 in Shanghai.", "publisher": "DroidUp", "url": "https://www.droidup.com/news" }, { "date": "2025-06-30", "title": "Walker 2 goes on sale on JD.com", "summary": "DroidUp listed Walker 2 on JD.com and reported its third-place finish and endurance in the April 2025 Beijing humanoid half marathon.", "publisher": "DroidUp", "url": "https://www.droidup.com/news" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/droidup-walker-2-2024.jpg", "author": "DroidUp", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://droidup.com/product/2", "page": "https://droidup.com/product/2", "kind": "maker", "w": 750, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "cloudminds-xr4-xiaozi-2024", "name": "XR4 \"Xiaozi\"", "maker": "CloudMinds (DataA Robotics)", "makerId": "cloudminds", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-07", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "care", "home", "retail" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Presale from RMB 399,000 per unit for a first batch of 100 (no USD price published)", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "A first batch of 100 units was offered for presale at WAIC 2024; deliveries not confirmed.", "summary": "A full-size biped from CloudMinds, nicknamed Xiaozi and part of its 'Seven Fairies' line, run by the company's cloud AI and large multimodal model. At its launch it was shown making toast, plating food and ironing with both hands, and its hands could pick up an egg or a thin playing card; it is aimed first at factories, eldercare and commercial service.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-2feaa61cf5", "hs-88aa678b12" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-07", "event": "First release at the World Artificial Intelligence Conference (WAIC) 2024, Shanghai (some third-party listings say 2023, when CloudMinds described the bipedal project)", "url": "https://m.gmw.cn/2024-07/06/content_1303783678.htm" }, "released": { "date": "2024", "note": "presale of first 100 units opened July 2024" }, "components": { "hands": "Dexterous hands able to pick up an egg or a thin playing card; two-handed tasks such as toasting bread, plating food and ironing were demonstrated.", "software": "Runs on CloudMinds' cloud AI and large multimodal model; understands spoken instructions and carries out tasks.", "other": "CloudMinds said in 2023 that its biped would have more than 60 compliant actuators and help older people on stairs.", "sources": [ "hs-2feaa61cf5", "hs-88aa678b12" ] }, "production": { "built": "First batch limited to 100 units for presale (July 2024)", "sold": "Presale opened at WAIC 2024 from RMB 399,000 per unit; deliveries not reported", "where": "China (CloudMinds/DataA Robotics, Shanghai)", "customers": "Aimed at business customers in manufacturing, elder care and commercial services; none named" }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-07-06", "title": "CloudMinds opens XR4 presale at WAIC", "summary": "China News Service reported the XR4 debut at WAIC 2024 with a 100-unit first batch priced from RMB 399,000.", "publisher": "Guangming Online (China News Service)", "url": "https://m.gmw.cn/2024-07/06/content_1303783678.htm" }, { "date": "2023-08-07", "title": "CloudMinds plans walking humanoid for elder care", "summary": "CloudMinds said it was developing a biped with more than 60 actuators to debut by 2025, aimed at tasks such as helping seniors on stairs.", "publisher": "China Daily (WIC)", "url": "https://subsites.chinadaily.com.cn/wic/2023-08/07/c_908584.htm" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/cloudminds-xr4-xiaozi-2024.jpg", "author": "CloudMinds (DataA Robotics)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.dataarobotics.com/en/upload/20240428/1714285440214895.jpg", "page": "https://www.dataarobotics.com/en/upload/20240428/1714285440214895.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 667 } }, { "id": "shanghai-hric-qinglong-2024", "name": "Qinglong", "maker": "Humanoid Robots (Shanghai) / National-Local Joint Humanoid Robot Innovation Center", "makerId": "humanoid-robots", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-07-04", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 185, "weightKg": 80, "dof": 43, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "First robot of China's OpenLoong open-source full-size humanoid project.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 1.85 m, 80 kg open-source humanoid with 43 active joints and 400 Nm peak torque, unveiled at WAIC 2024.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-d173f59b2f", "hs-4d75b156a3" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-07-04", "event": "World Artificial Intelligence Conference 2024, Shanghai", "url": "https://technode.com/2024/07/05/qinglong-chinas-first-full-sized-general-purpose-humanoid-robot-unveiled-at-world-artificial-intelligence-conference-2024/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "open-source designs, not sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "43 active DoF; maximum joint peak torque 400 Nm.", "hands": "Lightweight, high-precision upper limbs (no hand specs).", "compute": "400 TOPS.", "software": "Embodied intelligence software package slated for open-sourcing; hardware structure and parameters published via OpenLoong.", "other": "Built by Humanoid Robots (Shanghai), registered capital 1 billion yuan, named a national-local joint innovation centre by MIIT in May 2024.", "sources": [ "hs-d173f59b2f" ] }, "production": { "built": "Open-source reference design (OpenLoong community); not sold.", "where": "China" }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-07-04", "title": "Qinglong unveiled at WAIC 2024", "summary": "185 cm, 80 kg open-source humanoid; a new model planned each year named after a zodiac animal.", "publisher": "TechNode", "url": "https://technode.com/2024/07/05/qinglong-chinas-first-full-sized-general-purpose-humanoid-robot-unveiled-at-world-artificial-intelligence-conference-2024/" } ], "video": { "id": "XCuqyTyn6ZI", "title": "Life size humanoid robot Qinglong shows off at WAIC 2024", "channel": "CGTN" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/shanghai-hric-qinglong-2024.jpg", "author": "Humanoid Robots (Shanghai) / National-Local Joint Humanoid Robot Innovation Center", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.openloong.org.cn/cn/projects/openloong", "page": "https://www.openloong.org.cn/cn/projects/openloong", "kind": "maker", "w": 680, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "agibot-a2-max-2024", "name": "AGIBOT A2-Max (Yuanzheng A2-Max)", "maker": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)", "makerId": "agibot", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-08", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": 85, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 40, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A heavy-duty version of the A2 humanoid announced with the rest of the A2 family in August 2024; AgiBot's current site mentions it only in a banner, and no specifications were found.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-40ec455f7f", "hs-0263a760a8", "hs-e7c19a4d60" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-08", "event": "AgiBot annual product launch, August 18, 2024", "url": "https://agibot.com/jp/article/188/detail/27.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "AgiBot's product page still lists it as 'coming soon' (checked Oct 2026)" }, "components": { "actuators": "Dual-ratio reduction joint modules in the arms with peak torque up to 450 Nm; linear actuators in the thighs giving 8,800 N of thrust (maker figures). Itemised DoF: arms 7, legs 6, waist 3, hands 19 (12 active); the total on the spec table is garbled.", "hands": "Industrial dexterous hands with 19 DoF, 12 of them active (maker).", "battery": "About 2 hours runtime; swappable battery (maker); capacity not published.", "other": "175 cm, 85 kg; handles objects up to 40 kg across its working range; walks at 1 m/s with a 60 cm turning radius; can squat and bend to lift from the floor for material handling and palletising (maker claims).", "sources": [ "hs-e7c19a4d60", "hs-40ec455f7f", "hs-543a9befd2" ] }, "production": { "sold": "not on sale; AgiBot's product page lists it as coming soon", "where": "China (AgiBot, Shanghai)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-12-20", "title": "AgiBot starts mass production in Shanghai", "summary": "Newsweek reported AgiBot had made close to 1,000 robots at its Lingang factory, without a per-model breakdown.", "publisher": "Newsweek", "url": "https://www.newsweek.com/humanoid-robots-being-mass-produced-china-2004049" }, { "date": "2024-08", "title": "AgiBot unveils five humanoid models", "summary": "AgiBot introduced A2, A2-W, A2-Max, X1 and X1-W on August 18, 2024.", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://agibot.com/jp/article/188/detail/27.html" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/agibot-a2-max-2024.jpg", "author": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.agibot.com/products/A2_Max", "page": "https://www.agibot.com/products/A2_Max", "kind": "maker", "w": 391, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "agibot-a2-w-2024", "name": "AGIBOT A2-W (Yuanzheng A2-W)", "maker": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)", "makerId": "agibot", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-08", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 163, "weightKg": 230, "dof": 22, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 10, "batteryHours": 5, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "The wheeled, four-wheel-drive member of AgiBot's A2 family: a humanoid upper body with two 7-DoF arms on a heavy chassis that can turn in place and crab-walk, built for loading, plugging connectors and moving parts on flexible production lines. Payload is 5 kg per arm.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-09d3ccd606", "hs-40ec455f7f" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-08", "event": "AgiBot launch event alongside the A2 family, August 2024", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "sold to industrial customers; price not published" }, "components": { "actuators": "Two bionic 7-DoF arms plus an elevating and tilting waist on a four-wheel-drive chassis (zero turning radius, crab motion); 22 DoF total; 5 kg per arm; working height 0-2 m (maker).", "hands": "End effectors not specified by AgiBot.", "sensors": "360-degree LiDAR, 4 AI vision sensors, 2 six-axis force sensors, and further depth and vision sensors (maker).", "compute": "275 TOPS-class onboard computing (maker says '275T'; chip not named).", "battery": "2 kWh, about 5 hours runtime, hot-swappable, 2-hour full charge, autonomous charging (maker figures).", "software": "Pre-built skills UniGrasp, Uni6DPose and UniPlug for grasping, pose estimation and plugging; 3D model synthesis with reinforcement learning to adapt to new objects in hours; integrated data collection, simulation training and deployment; OTA updates; self-diagnosis and recovery.", "other": "Arm collision detection and redundant perception and control for safety; claimed one-day deployment and commissioning; 1,630 mm tall, 230 kg; operating temperature 0-45 C.", "sources": [ "hs-09d3ccd606", "hs-40ec455f7f", "hs-ae0f3bba04", "hs-543a9befd2" ] }, "production": { "sold": "sold to industrial customers; price not published", "where": "Shanghai, China (AgiBot Lingang factory)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-12-20", "title": "AgiBot starts mass production in Shanghai", "summary": "Newsweek reported close to 1,000 wheeled and legged robots built at AgiBot's Lingang factory by mid-December 2024.", "publisher": "Newsweek", "url": "https://www.newsweek.com/humanoid-robots-being-mass-produced-china-2004049" }, { "date": "2024-08-19", "title": "Shanghai humanoid plant to ship from October", "summary": "Yicai reported AgiBot's new robots would start shipping in October, with 100 wheeled and 200 bipedal units due by year-end.", "publisher": "Yicai Global", "url": "https://www.yicaiglobal.com/news/shanghais-first-humanoid-robots-plant-to-start-deliveries-in-october-report-says" }, { "date": "2024-08", "title": "AgiBot unveils five humanoid models", "summary": "AgiBot unveiled A2, A2-W, A2-Max, X1 and X1-W on August 18, 2024.", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://agibot.com/jp/article/188/detail/27.html" } ], "video": { "id": "wM2Jp2hX428", "title": "Exciting News: Launch of Our A2-W Wheeled Robot for Market Expansion!", "channel": "AGIBOT (@AGIBOTofficial)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/agibot-a2-w-2024.jpg", "author": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.agibot.com/products/A2_W", "page": "https://www.agibot.com/products/A2_W", "kind": "maker", "w": 457, "h": 816 } }, { "id": "deep-robotics-dr01-2024", "name": "DR01", "maker": "DEEP Robotics", "makerId": "deep", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-08", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "research", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 5.8, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "DEEP Robotics' first humanoid, a walking research platform built on the company's own J60 and J100 joints. The maker says it walks faster than 1.6 m/s and handles 18 cm steps and 25-degree slopes.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-c893df4b8e", "hs-025a69ca6c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-08", "event": "First demonstration of DEEP Robotics' humanoid prototype (per Humanoids Daily)", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/deep-robotics-unveils-dr02-an-all-weather-humanoid-for-industrial-work" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Research platform; no sale date published. Speed given by maker as 'over 1.6 m/s'." }, "components": { "actuators": "DEEP Robotics' own J60 lightweight joints and J100 high-torque joints (torque figures not given on the product page).", "sensors": "Fuses on-board and environmental sensing with a learned perception-and-control algorithm; sensor list not published.", "software": "Learning-based locomotion trained with AI and large-scale data; recovers balance on slippery ground and after pushes.", "other": "Walks faster than 1.6 m/s and handles 18 cm steps and 25-degree slopes. Succeeded in October 2025 by the DR02, an IP66 industrial humanoid with 275 TOPS of compute.", "sources": [ "hs-c893df4b8e", "hs-025a69ca6c" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Research prototype; not offered for sale", "where": "Hangzhou, China" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-10-09", "title": "DEEP Robotics follows DR01 with all-weather DR02", "summary": "DEEP Robotics unveiled the IP66-rated, 175 cm DR02 for industrial work, a year after first demonstrating the DR01 prototype in August 2024.", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/deep-robotics-unveils-dr02-an-all-weather-humanoid-for-industrial-work" } ], "video": { "id": "lCFyfh3mLOQ", "title": "DR01 Humanoid Robot Outdoor Test", "channel": "DEEP Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/deep-robotics-dr01-2024.jpg", "author": "DEEP Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.deeprobotics.cn/en/index/humanoid.html", "page": "https://www.deeprobotics.cn/en/index/humanoid.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 540 } }, { "id": "zhejiang-humanoid-navigator-2-2024", "name": "Navigator 2 (NAVIAI 2)", "maker": "Zhejiang Humanoid Robot Innovation Center", "makerId": "zhejiang-humanoid-innovation-center", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-08", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "industrial", "retail" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 165, "weightKg": 60, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 5.4, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "By 2025 it was working in smart-retail and factory pilots (sorting goods, applying coatings), and in January 2026 it staffed a robot-run retail store in Ningbo.", "summary": "A 1.65 m, 60 kg biped from the Ningbo innovation centre backed by the city government and a Zhejiang University team, with 7-DoF arms and dexterous hands. It walks on concrete and asphalt at up to 1.5 m/s and was later joined by the NAVIAI i3.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-466223d8ab", "hs-9d1b1e3b78" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-08", "event": "Debut in August 2024 (World Robot Conference, Beijing), per China Daily's March 2025 report that it 'debuted last August'", "url": "https://ningbo.chinadaily.com.cn/2025-03/12/c_1078052.htm" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "small-batch production at the centre's Haishu factory from 2025" }, "components": { "actuators": "Joint speed up to 150 degrees per second; 0.1 mm repeat positioning accuracy (center figures).", "hands": "6-DoF dexterous hands with 10 N fingertip force, able to drive screws and carry objects; 5 kg payload per arm.", "compute": "GPU-based on-board AI compute of 275 TOPS.", "software": "Whole-body stable walking, whole-body imitation learning (human motion mapped to the robot via simulation), embodied navigation and high-precision control; later NAVIAI models share the center's SPIRE world-model and embodied-model stack.", "other": "1.65 m and 60 kg; walks on concrete and asphalt at up to 1.5 m/s. Released in August 2024, about five months after Navigator 1 (1.5 m, 50 kg).", "sources": [ "hs-466223d8ab", "hs-24a148b9b6", "hs-4a2318ee5e" ] }, "production": { "built": "Small-batch production at the center's Haishu factory in Ningbo; mass production of hundreds of units was slated to start by April 2025 (China Daily)", "where": "Haishu district, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China", "customers": "Pilots with Ningbo firms in appliance-part assembly and sorting, home kitchens and showroom guidance; no named buyers" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-03-12", "title": "NAVIAI 2 walks the streets of Ningbo", "summary": "China Daily reported the biped walking near Ningbo Railway Station and a new Haishu factory preparing to make hundreds of units.", "publisher": "China Daily", "url": "https://ningbo.chinadaily.com.cn/2025-03/12/c_1078052.htm" }, { "date": "2024-10-25", "title": "Zhejiang innovation center details Navigator 2", "summary": "Chao News gave Navigator 2's 275 TOPS compute and 6-DoF hands and said Supcon planned to invest over RMB 350 million in the center.", "publisher": "Phoenix News (Chao News)", "url": "https://news.ifeng.com/c/8dyLJ3T8kk1" } ], "video": { "id": "GrOKi9Zv9So", "title": "Launch of \"Navigator 2 (NAVIAI)\": A Breakthrough in Humanoid Robotics", "channel": "SUPCON" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/zhejiang-humanoid-navigator-2-2024.jpg", "author": "Zhejiang Humanoid Robot Innovation Center", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.zj-humanoid.com/about", "page": "https://www.zj-humanoid.com/about", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 929 } }, { "id": "rainbow-robotics-rb-y1-2024", "name": "RB-Y1", "maker": "Rainbow Robotics", "makerId": "rainbow", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-08", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "No maker price; a third-party listing gives $120,000.", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Main humanoid-type platform of the KAIST HUBO spin-off after Samsung took control.", "deployments": "Used by AI research labs; Rainbow joined Samsung's AI humanoid work from February 2025.", "summary": "A wheeled dual-arm humanoid with a torso and head, built for AI developers by the makers of the HUBO bipeds.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-26a0737548", "hs-b78a246f81" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-08", "event": "Rainbow Robotics launch", "url": "https://rainbow-robotics.com/en/company/heritage-story/" }, "released": { "date": "2024", "note": "sold to research labs" }, "components": { "actuators": "7-DoF arms (3 kg each, +/-0.05 mm repeatability, 600 mm reach) on a 6-DoF torso/leg; 20 DoF (A) or 26 DoF (M) total.", "hands": "Optional grippers.", "sensors": "Built-in force/torque sensors in both arms (V1.2); vision-sensor bracket (cameras not included); SDK supports IMU, gripper and LiDAR.", "compute": "Dual-PC: Robot PC for real-time motion and safety, GPU-equipped User PC for ROS 2 and apps.", "battery": "50 V; 25 Ah / 1,250 Wh (A) or 50 Ah / 2,500 Wh (M).", "materials": "Aluminium exterior.", "software": "Open RB-Y1 SDK on GitHub, ROS 2, URDF/MJCF/USD models; teleoperation via master arms, joysticks or VR.", "other": "Wheeled base (differential or Mecanum) at 1.5 m/s; 1.4 m tall; 131-170 kg.", "sources": [ "hs-88596c946f", "hs-26a0737548", "hs-b78a246f81" ] }, "production": { "where": "South Korea, US (Chicago support office), worldwide research labs.", "customers": "MIT, UC Berkeley and Georgia Tech (Inspenet, 2025)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-05-19", "title": "Rainbow shows RB-Y1 at ICRA 2025 Atlanta", "summary": "Mecanum-wheeled research humanoid with master-arm and VR teleoperation.", "publisher": "Inspenet", "url": "https://inspenet.com/en/news/rainbow-robotics-showcases-new-humanoid-arsenal-at-icra-2025/" }, { "date": "2024-12", "title": "Rainbow Robotics becomes a Samsung Electronics subsidiary", "summary": "Samsung, an investor since January 2023, took control in December 2024.", "publisher": "Rainbow Robotics", "url": "https://rainbow-robotics.com/en/company/heritage-story/" }, { "date": "2024-08", "title": "Rainbow Robotics launches RB-Y1", "summary": "Mobile dual-arm robot aimed at AI research labs.", "publisher": "Rainbow Robotics", "url": "https://rainbow-robotics.com/en/company/heritage-story/" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://rainbow-robotics.com/en/customer-support/contact-us/apply/?contact_tab=adoption", "type": null, "label": "Product inquiry (or find a dealer)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "D6M2IhSLSmY", "title": "Dual-arm Mobile Manipulator RB-Y1 ( Highlight )", "channel": "Rainbow Robotics (@rainbowrobotics)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/rainbow-robotics-rb-y1-2024.jpg", "author": "Rainbow Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://rainbow-robotics.com/en/products/rb-y1/", "page": "https://rainbow-robotics.com/en/products/rb-y1/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 1000 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/rainbow.png", "author": "Rainbow Robotics", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rainbow_Robotics_Logo_Black.png", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rainbow_Robotics_Logo_Black.png", "article": "File:Rainbow Robotics Logo Black.png" } }, { "id": "robotera-star1-2024", "name": "STAR1", "maker": "Robotera (Robot Era)", "makerId": "robotera", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-08", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 171, "weightKg": 63, "dof": 55, "speedKmh": 13, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Ran at 3.6 m/s (about 13 km/h) in the Gobi Desert in October 2024, then among the fastest humanoids.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 1.71 m, 63 kg Tsinghua-linked humanoid with 55 joints, filmed running across desert in human running shoes.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-be82b13af4", "hs-e5bc4b9760" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-08", "event": "Robotera launch", "url": null }, "released": { "date": "2024", "note": "sold to research customers" }, "components": { "actuators": "In-house motors rated at 400 Nm; 55 DoF.", "hands": "Dexterous hands (Robot Era makes the XHAND line).", "sensors": "RGB, depth and stereo cameras; tactile, IMU, gyroscope and force sensors; LiDAR-SLAM-visual odometry.", "compute": "275 TOPS AI processing.", "battery": "Company claims a five-year battery lifespan; capacity not given.", "software": "Linux, ROS-compatible proprietary SDK; iFlytek voice technology; end-to-end neural network trained with reinforcement learning.", "other": "Top speed 3.6 m/s claimed; about 171 cm, 65 kg.", "sources": [ "hs-e5bc4b9760", "hs-be82b13af4", "hs-6d122f19fa" ] }, "production": { "sold": "More than 200 Robot Era robots delivered worldwide by June 2025 (company, all models).", "where": "China and overseas (about half of orders overseas, company)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-03-05", "title": "Robot Era valued above 10 billion yuan", "summary": "Strategic round with Samsung and Singtel; cumulative orders above 500 million yuan, half overseas (company).", "publisher": "Caixin Global", "url": "https://www.caixinglobal.com/2026-03-05/chinas-robot-era-valued-at-over-10-billion-yuan-102419832.html" }, { "date": "2025-07-25", "title": "STAR1 clocked at 12.98 km/h in running shoes", "summary": "heise compares it with the faster L7.", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://heise.de/-10499687" }, { "date": "2025-07-07", "title": "Robot Era raises about $69 million Series A", "summary": "Over 200 robots delivered globally by June 2025 (company).", "publisher": "Caixin Global", "url": "https://www.caixinglobal.com/2025-07-08/humanoid-robotics-startup-robot-era-secures-69-million-series-a-funding-102338987.html" } ], "buyNone": "No longer in Robotera's product line (site lists L7, Q5, M7 and XHAND only).", "video": { "id": "yNWYG9WYaBI", "title": "Robot Era STAR1 debuts to support 2024 Xi'an Marathon", "channel": "ROBOTERA" } }, { "id": "workfar-syntro-2024", "name": "Syntro", "maker": "WorkFar", "makerId": "workfar", "country": "United States", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-08", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": 108, "dof": 45, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 20, "batteryHours": 10, "priceUsd": 10000, "priceNote": "From about $10,000 ($9,999.99) up to $59,999.99 depending on configuration (WorkFar).", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled upper-body humanoid with a head, waist, two arms and 12-DoF hands on a three-wheel omnidirectional base. It is mainly teleoperated by a remote worker in VR with haptic gloves, helped by onboard AI.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-a844b298e1", "hs-13a75760e1" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-08", "event": "Company announcement", "url": "https://www.roboticstomorrow.com/news/2024/08/09/workfar-robotics-unleashes-sentient-humanoid-robots-syntro-into-the-workforce/22949/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Orderable with about 6-12 month lead times per maker; battery runtime given as 6-10 h" }, "components": { "actuators": "Maxon motors with Harmonic Drive gearing; 45 DoF in total (head 2, arms 4 each, wrists 3 each, hands 12 each, waist 2, wheels 3).", "hands": "Two 12-DoF hands; whole-robot payload 20 kg (44 lb).", "sensors": "2D lidar, cameras with computer vision, microphones.", "compute": "Intel Core i5 multi-core computer running custom Linux with ROS 2.", "battery": "Swappable 1.2 kWh batteries giving 6-10 hours per charge.", "materials": "Aluminium, stainless and carbon steel, brass, acetal and carbon-fibre filament.", "software": "Mainly teleoperated: the remote worker uses a VR headset with AR overlays and eye tracking, haptic/force-feedback gloves, suit and pedals; onboard AI handles grasp planning, vision and inverse kinematics (shared autonomy).", "other": "1.7 m tall, 108 kg, on a three-omni-wheel base. Packages range from Base to Telepresence/Intelligent; lead times of 6-12 months. WorkFar also offers monthly leasing of human-robot teams.", "sources": [ "hs-a844b298e1", "hs-13a75760e1" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Orderable from US$9,999.99 to US$59,999.99 by package; units shipped not published", "where": "Made in the USA at Advantage Plastics, Louisville, Kentucky (per WorkFar)", "customers": "Aimed at logistics and manufacturing businesses; none named" }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-08-09", "title": "WorkFar launches teleoperated Syntro", "summary": "WorkFar introduced Syntro as a remotely operated humanoid that it leases monthly to logistics and manufacturing firms.", "publisher": "Robotics Tomorrow", "url": "https://www.roboticstomorrow.com/news/2024/08/09/workfar-robotics-unleashes-sentient-humanoid-robots-syntro-into-the-workforce/22949/" } ], "video": { "id": "6j0RF6P2F0s", "title": "Two WorkFar Syntro Humanoid Robots Operating in a Warehouse", "channel": "WorkFar Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/workfar-syntro-2024.jpg", "author": "WorkFar", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.workfar.com/product/syntro", "page": "https://www.workfar.com/product/syntro", "kind": "maker", "w": 800, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "paxini-tora-one-2024", "name": "TORA-ONE", "maker": "PaXini Tech", "makerId": "paxini", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-08", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "industrial", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 186, "weightKg": null, "dof": 53, "speedKmh": 2.2, "payloadKg": 5, "batteryHours": 8, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Shown making ice cream at CES 2026 in Las Vegas (January 2026).", "summary": "A wheeled humanoid with a camera head, a folding waist that changes its height from 1.46 m to 1.86 m (the maximum is given) and two arms with four-finger hands covered in PaXini's tactile sensors. Payload is 5 kg per arm; the maker now lists 53 DoF (47 at launch), 0.6 m/s top speed and about 8 hours of runtime.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-120f512330", "hs-6823615053", "hs-b38605c13b" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-08", "event": "Released at the World Robot Conference 2024, Beijing (August 2024), per 36Kr (30 Oct 2024)", "url": "https://eu.36kr.com/en/p/3006232413757953" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Sold through PaXini's official store and AliExpress storefront; launch sale date not stated" }, "components": { "actuators": "21 body DoF (excluding hands); coreless motors drive the fingers; folding waist changes height from 1.46 m to 1.86 m.", "hands": "Two four-finger hands with 16 DoF each (13 active, 3 passive), with integrated tactile sensing and hand cameras; 5 kg per arm (rated, arm outstretched), arm reach up to 96.5 cm. The DexH13 hand launched with it at WRC 2024.", "sensors": "2,280 PaXini ITPU multi-dimensional tactile sensing units (15 tactile modalities, 6,840 channels); five RGB cameras (three in the head, one per hand) and two RGB-D cameras (head and chassis); lidar with laser SLAM and 360-degree detection.", "battery": "40 Ah battery for about 8 hours; 6 hours to charge.", "software": "PaXini's VTLA (vision-tactile-language-action) multimodal model with 6D object-pose recognition and grasping; used with PaXini's omni-modality data-collection system.", "other": "Wheeled chassis with 0.6 m/s top speed (1 m/s quoted at launch). 53 DoF now listed (47 at launch). Shown making ice cream autonomously at CES 2026; a TORA-DOUBLE ONE variant was also shown.", "sources": [ "hs-120f512330", "hs-6823615053", "hs-b38605c13b" ] }, "production": { "built": "PaXini says it has full-chain production from sensors and hands to complete robots", "sold": "Sold through PaXini's official store and AliExpress; volumes not published", "where": "China", "customers": "No named customers; PaXini's sensors are used in industrial, surgical and service robots" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-01-07", "title": "PaXini shows TORA-ONE making ice cream at CES 2026", "summary": "PaXini demonstrated TORA-ONE handling a full ice-cream sequence and launched tactile and Hall-effect force/torque sensors at CES.", "publisher": "PR Newswire via Kyodo News PR Wire", "url": "https://kyodonewsprwire.jp/index.php/release/202601072117" }, { "date": "2024-10-30", "title": "TORA-ONE built around 2,000-plus tactile sensors", "summary": "36Kr described the WRC 2024 launch of TORA-ONE with 47 DoF, DexH13 hands and an 8-hour battery.", "publisher": "36Kr", "url": "https://eu.36kr.com/en/p/3006232413757953" } ], "video": { "id": "pz-TReAQ8mo", "title": "⚡PaXini TORA-ONE is handling metro security checks", "channel": "PaXini AI" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/paxini-tora-one-2024.jpg", "author": "PaXini Tech", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.paxini.com/en/robot", "page": "https://www.paxini.com/en/robot", "kind": "maker", "w": 750, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "figure-02-2024", "name": "Figure 02", "maker": "Figure AI", "makerId": "figure-ai", "country": "United States", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-08-06", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "industrial", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 168, "weightKg": 70, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 4.3, "payloadKg": 20, "batteryHours": 5, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "One of the first humanoids to work an extended paid production pilot in a car plant (BMW Spartanburg).", "deployments": "Worked about 11 months at BMW Spartanburg, helping build more than 30,000 BMW X3s and loading over 90,000 sheet-metal parts; fleet retired Nov 2025.", "summary": "Second-generation Figure robot with 16-degree-of-freedom hands, a 2.25 kWh torso battery and onboard vision-language-action AI. Figure retired the fleet in late 2025 and melted most units down in 2026.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-be0a15cd8e", "hs-40105274a7", "hs-b39e12478e" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-08-06", "event": "Figure launch; BMW announced the earlier Spartanburg trial the same day", "url": "https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/usa/article/detail/T0444268EN_US/successful-test-of-humanoid-robots-at-bmw-group-plant-spartanburg" }, "released": { "date": "2024-08", "note": "11-month paid deployment at BMW Spartanburg; fleet retired Nov 2025 and mostly melted down Sept 2026; never sold publicly" }, "components": { "actuators": "Custom motors sized to each joint and integrated with the joint drive trains; each finger has its own motor-and-sensor unit. The 3-DoF forearm became the top hardware failure point in the BMW deployment (Figure).", "hands": "Fourth-generation hands: 16 DoF per hand, four fingers plus an opposable thumb, payload up to 25 kg, with wiring routed through a redesigned wrist.", "sensors": "Six RGB cameras; on-board microphones and speakers.", "compute": "Three times Figure 01’s onboard computation and AI inference; an onboard vision-language model reasons from robot-camera images (Figure AI, 2024).", "battery": "Torso-mounted pack with 50% more capacity than Figure 01, lowering the centre of mass; kWh and runtime not published.", "materials": "Matte black covers; cabling routed internally through shoulders, elbows, hips and knees.", "software": "On-board vision-language model; speech-to-speech models trained with OpenAI at launch; later ran Figure's Helix and Helix 02 VLA models.", "other": "At BMW it loaded sheet-metal parts within a 5 mm tolerance on 10-hour weekday shifts.", "sources": [ "hs-be0a15cd8e", "hs-289b516acd", "hs-40105274a7", "hs-73c638c1d3", "hs-b39e12478e" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not sold publicly; deployed in an 11-month paid pilot at BMW Spartanburg; fleet retired November 2025 and mostly melted down in September 2026 (Figure).", "where": "United States (deployment); retired units melted in Finland", "customers": "BMW Group Plant Spartanburg (2024-2025)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-30", "title": "F.02 fleet melted down", "summary": "Most retired Figure 02 units were melted at a foundry in Imatra, Finland, after US and Mexican foundries declined lithium-battery robots.", "publisher": "Figure AI", "url": "https://www.figure.ai/news/f-02-decommission" }, { "date": "2026-01-27", "title": "Introducing Helix 02: Full-Body Autonomy", "summary": "Figure demonstrated Helix 02 performing a four-minute autonomous dishwasher loading and unloading task. The announcement describes Figure 03 tactile sensing and palm-camera hardware.", "publisher": "Figure AI", "url": "https://www.figure.ai/news/helix-02" }, { "date": "2025-11-19", "title": "Figure retires F.02 after BMW deployment", "summary": "Figure said F.02 ran 1,250+ hours, loaded 90,000+ parts and contributed to over 30,000 BMW X3s (company figures).", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/figure-retires-the-f-02-battle-scarred-robots-30-000-bmws-and-hard-lessons-learned" }, { "date": "2024-08-06", "title": "Figure 02 tested at BMW Spartanburg", "summary": "BMW reported a several-week trial inserting sheet-metal parts into chassis fixtures.", "publisher": "BMW Group", "url": "https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/usa/article/detail/T0444268EN_US/successful-test-of-humanoid-robots-at-bmw-group-plant-spartanburg" } ], "video": { "id": "pfAh5oQDPDM", "title": "F.02 Decomission", "channel": "Figure (@figureai)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/figure-02-2024.jpg", "author": "Figure AI", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.figure.ai/news/f-02-decommission", "page": "https://www.figure.ai/news/f-02-decommission", "kind": "maker", "w": 602, "h": 1000 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/figure-ai.png", "author": "Figure AI", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Figure-ai-logo.svg", "article": "Figure AI" } }, { "id": "agibot-a2-2024", "name": "Yuanzheng A2", "maker": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)", "makerId": "agibot", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-08-18", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "retail", "general-purpose", "social" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": 55, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Holds the Guinness record for the longest journey walked by a humanoid robot: 106.286 km from Suzhou to Shanghai (10-13 Nov 2025).", "deployments": "AgiBot says many of its 10,000 robots built by March 2026 work in logistics, retail, hospitality and education.", "summary": "AgiBot's service biped, launched with the wheeled A2-W and heavy-duty A2-Max. Reported size varies (175 cm/55 kg or 169 cm/69 kg).", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-a7071b813e", "hs-2328199653", "hs-2dc2c1d47c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-08-18", "event": "AgiBot annual launch event", "url": "https://inspenet.com/en/news/agibot-present-5-new-humanoid-robots/" }, "released": { "date": "2024", "note": "sold to commercial customers" }, "components": { "actuators": "AgiBot's own mass-produced integrated joints, peak torque 512 Nm; 40+ active DoF.", "hands": "Dexterous hands (no public specs).", "sensors": "360-degree LiDAR, six HD cameras, two RGB-D cameras, fisheye camera, microphone array, force/torque sensors, interactive screen and speaker.", "battery": "700 Wh, about 2 hours; quick battery swap and charging; multi-function standby/charging station.", "software": "LLM with RAG and full-duplex conversation; ActionGPT voice-to-motion; HIMUS 3D-SLAM and VectorFlux planning; RTMOF nonlinear MPC with reinforcement learning; sound localisation, face recognition and lip reading.", "other": "Three-layer safety monitoring, redundant computing and safety centres, dual-path actuator control, PLd-level protection (AgiBot). AgiBot lists 169 cm and 69 kg.", "sources": [ "hs-d9fecf1684", "hs-2dc2c1d47c", "hs-2328199653", "hs-9a1730c896", "hs-50a6da1c1c" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Omdia: 5,168 AgiBot humanoids shipped in 2025 (all models). AgiBot (citing IDC): over 8,600 shipped in H1 2026; 20,000 cumulative robots produced by Sept 2026 (company). No per-model split.", "where": "China, plus Europe and the US (AgiBot debuts in Italy, BETT UK and CES 2026).", "customers": "No named A2 buyers found; used as a service/reception robot." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-30", "title": "IDC: AgiBot led H1 2026 humanoid shipments", "summary": "AgiBot shipped over 8,600 humanoids (about 35% of ~25,000) and reached 20,000 cumulative units in September 2026 (company release citing IDC).", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.AGIBOT.com/article/231/detail/125.html" }, { "date": "2026-01-09", "title": "Omdia ranks AgiBot first in 2025 shipments", "summary": "Omdia counted 5,168 AgiBot humanoids, 39% of the global market.", "publisher": "TechNode", "url": "https://technode.com/2026/01/09/chinas-agibot-leads-global-humanoid-robot-shipments-in-2025-omdia-says/" }, { "date": "2025-11-13", "title": "A2 walks 106.286 km for a Guinness record", "summary": "The A2 walked from 10 to 13 November 2025 in the Shanghai area.", "publisher": "Guinness World Records", "url": "https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/780227-longest-journey-walked-by-a-humanoid-robot" }, { "date": "2024-08-22", "title": "AgiBot launches Yuanzheng A2 family", "summary": "A2, A2-W and A2-Max unveiled with mass production planned from October 2024 at about 100 units a month.", "publisher": "Inspenet", "url": "https://inspenet.com/en/news/agibot-present-5-new-humanoid-robots/" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://store.agibot.com/products/a2-lite", "type": "store", "label": "Buy A2 Lite from AgiBot store (A2 Ultra: contact sales)", "price": "$44,560.00 USD (A2 Lite)", "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "hZ3naA_5010", "title": "AGIBOT A2 | Your Next-Gen Interactive Service Partner", "channel": "AGIBOT (@AGIBOTofficial)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/agibot-a2-2024.jpg", "author": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.agibot.com/products/A2_Ultra", "page": "https://www.agibot.com/products/A2_Ultra", "kind": "maker", "w": 667, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "boardwalk-alex-2024", "name": "Alex", "maker": "Boardwalk Robotics", "makerId": "boardwalk", "country": "United States", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-08-22", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics", "research" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": 85, "dof": 19, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 10, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Upper-body humanoid from the builders of IHMC's Nadia; legs planned later.", "deployments": null, "summary": "Humanoid torso with head and two arms on a fixed stand for manufacturing and logistics; IHMC is developing it further with US Office of Naval Research backing.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-268b6887db", "hs-0cc30c4d5a" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-08-22", "event": "Company announcement covered by IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/boardwalk-robotics-alex-humanoid" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not for sale" }, "components": { "actuators": "In-house actuators; joints up to 9 rad/s with back-driving torque under 1 Nm.", "hands": "End-effector agnostic; new grippers for faster tool changes planned; wrists with 300-degree range.", "sensors": "Not published.", "compute": "Not published.", "battery": "Not published.", "software": "Manipulation first; future legs to use IHMC's locomotion stack.", "other": "Legless upper torso on a pedestal or mobile base; 19 DoF; 10 kg continuous payload.", "sources": [ "hs-268b6887db", "hs-d26672398d" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Available to researchers for purchase; pilot programmes with select customers.", "where": "United States" }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-08-23", "title": "Alex lifts dumbbells and does dishes", "summary": "Interesting Engineering covered Alex's 19-DoF upper body.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/news/alex-humanoid-robot-tackles-dumbbells-dishes" }, { "date": "2024-08-22", "title": "Boardwalk introduces Alex", "summary": "IEEE Spectrum reported pilots in logistics, food processing and aviation.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/boardwalk-robotics-alex-humanoid" } ], "buyNone": "Research platform, not for sale; boardwalkrobotics.com did not resolve.", "video": { "id": "tD3FNZUG2kQ", "title": "Meet Alex | Boardwalk Robotics", "channel": "Boardwalk Robotics (@BoardwalkRobotics)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/boardwalk-alex-2024.jpg", "author": "Boardwalk Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/boardwalk-robotics-alex-humanoid", "page": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/boardwalk-robotics-alex-humanoid", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 667 } }, { "id": "1x-neo-beta-2024", "name": "NEO Beta", "maker": "1X Technologies", "makerId": "1x", "country": "Norway", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-08-30", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "home", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 165, "weightKg": 30, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "One of the first bipedal humanoids designed from the start for homes, with soft padded covering.", "deployments": "A limited number tested in selected homes for R&D in 2024.", "summary": "Prototype bipedal home humanoid with a soft suit and light frame, about 5.5 ft and 30 kg. Superseded by NEO Gamma in 2025.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-15c5405ce4", "hs-a011db39a7" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-08-30", "event": "1X announcement and video", "url": "https://1x.tech/discover/announcement-1x-unveils-neo-beta-a-humanoid-robot-for-the-home" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not for sale; R&D home tests" }, "components": { "actuators": "Muscle-like, tendon-based drive rather than rigid hydraulics (New Atlas); 1X has not published motor specs for NEO Beta.", "hands": "Five-fingered hands able to grasp a wide range of objects (DoF not published for Beta).", "sensors": "Not published.", "compute": "Not published.", "battery": "Roughly 2-4 hours per charge (New Atlas).", "materials": "Fabric jumpsuit over the internal structure.", "software": "Embodied learning with natural-language voice interaction; remote operators can take over vision and movement when needed.", "other": "30 kg robot with 20 kg carrying capacity; designed for volume production at 1X's factory in Moss, Norway.", "sources": [ "hs-15c5405ce4", "hs-a011db39a7", "hs-976479cd90" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not sold; used for R&D and home testing.", "where": "Norway, United States" }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-11-08", "title": "Cooking with NEO Beta", "summary": "1X published a cooking challenge with creator Nick DiGiovanni.", "publisher": "1X Technologies", "url": "https://www.1x.tech/discover" }, { "date": "2024-08-30", "title": "1X unveils NEO Beta", "summary": "1X presented its first bipedal home humanoid prototype, saying safety is its top priority.", "publisher": "1X Technologies", "url": "https://1x.tech/discover/announcement-1x-unveils-neo-beta-a-humanoid-robot-for-the-home" }, { "date": "2024-03-18", "title": "NEO featured in NVIDIA GTC keynote", "summary": "1X's NEO appeared in NVIDIA's GTC keynote.", "publisher": "1X Technologies", "url": "https://www.1x.tech/discover" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/1x-neo-beta-2024.jpg", "author": "1X Technologies", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://1x.tech/discover/announcement-1x-unveils-neo-beta-a-humanoid-robot-for-the-home", "page": "https://1x.tech/discover/announcement-1x-unveils-neo-beta-a-humanoid-robot-for-the-home", "kind": "maker", "w": 900, "h": 506 } }, { "id": "pndbotics-adam-2025", "name": "Adam", "maker": "PNDbotics", "makerId": "pndbotics", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-09-09", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "research", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 167, "weightKg": null, "dof": 43, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "PNDbotics presents it as the first humanoid with a highly biomimetic, human-like pelvis.", "deployments": "First mass-production batch completed in the first half of 2024; shown at WAIC 2025 and, climbing stairs, at WAIC 2026 in Shanghai.", "summary": "A full-size biped built on quasi-direct-drive joints and trained with reinforcement learning for lively, human-like motion. Reports give up to 43-44 degrees of freedom; a lighter Adam Lite came first and an upper-body Adam-U sits alongside it.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-41c9545a30", "hs-a182320f18", "hs-3ee67a782f", "hs-098e457e39" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-09-09", "event": "Already public by this Inspenet report; PNDbotics says Adam's design dates from June 2023 and a first batch was built in H1 2024, so the 2025 date is too late", "url": "https://inspenet.com/en/news/adam-the-bot-moves-pelvis-better-than-human/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "height and DoF from a July 2026 WAIC report" }, "components": { "actuators": "Quasi-direct-drive (QDD) joint actuators; PNDbotics builds its own motors, drivers and reducers. Up to 43-44 DoF reported for the current full-size version (167 cm).", "compute": "Intel Core i7-based control unit on a real-time control network; PNDbotics' PND-Network bus is said to support 100-200 DoF nodes.", "materials": "Modular mechanical design with a biomimetic torso and pelvis.", "software": "Locomotion trained with deep reinforcement learning and imitation learning, including human-reference motion (arXiv paper updated August 2024); real-time motion-capture teleoperation demonstrated at WAIC 2026.", "other": "Showed stair climbing in public for the first time at WAIC 2026. Performed on stage at the VOYAGEX Music Festival in July 2025.", "sources": [ "hs-41c9545a30", "hs-a182320f18", "hs-098e457e39", "hs-3ee67a782f" ] }, "production": { "built": "Inspenet (2024) reported a first production batch completed in the first half of 2024; volumes not disclosed.", "sold": "Not disclosed.", "where": "China; PNDbotics cites manufacturing bases in Ningbo and Tianjin.", "customers": "Not named; marketed to research and education." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-07-20", "title": "Adam climbs stairs at WAIC 2026", "summary": "PNDbotics showed the 43-DoF Adam climbing a mock staircase and Adam-U units running VLA picking demos.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/waic-2026-pndbotics-unveils-stair-climbing-robot-in-first-public-debut-2079203963885813760" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "title": "PNDbotics pitches fast skill learning", "summary": "Interesting Engineering covered Adam's QDD actuators and i7 controller and the new Adam-U Ultra with a preloaded VLA model.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/chinas-humanoid-robot-masters-complex-skills" }, { "date": "2024-09-09", "title": "PNDbotics details Adam's biomimetic pelvis", "summary": "Inspenet reported Adam's pelvis design, RL control and a first production batch completed in early 2024.", "publisher": "Inspenet", "url": "https://inspenet.com/en/news/adam-the-bot-moves-pelvis-better-than-human/" } ], "video": { "id": "uuz00OZq_ZA", "title": "Adam Full-Size Humanoid Robot Charleston Dance Version 2.0", "channel": "PNDbotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/pndbotics-adam-2025.jpg", "author": "PNDbotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/product/39.html", "page": "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/product/39.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 706, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "pudu-d7-2024", "name": "PUDU D7", "maker": "Pudu Robotics", "makerId": "pudu", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-09-19", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "retail", "healthcare", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A semi-humanoid from the service-robot maker, with two arms on an omnidirectional wheeled base; shown riding elevators on its own for hotel and hospital work.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-5001fbd944", "hs-049545f2a0" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-09-19", "event": "Pudu launch announcement", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/pudu-robotics-debuts-semi-humanoid-robot-for-versatile-applications/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Pudu targeted full commercial release in 2025; no confirmed sale date found" }, "components": { "actuators": "Bionic arm with 30 DoF (50 with dexterous hand attachment); 65 cm reach; each arm lifts 10 kg with 0.1 mm end-point precision.", "hands": "Optional dexterous hand attachment.", "battery": "Over 1 kWh; more than 8 hours continuous operation.", "software": "Hierarchical high-level and low-level planning combining embodied intelligence with AI models and continuous learning.", "other": "Omnidirectional wheeled chassis, 2 m/s, handles 10-degree slopes; about 165 cm, 45 kg.", "sources": [ "hs-049545f2a0" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Pudu targeted full commercial release in 2025; no D7 unit count found.", "where": "China; shown at WAIC 2026 and IFA 2026 (press)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-12-26", "title": "Pudu unveils D9 full-size humanoid", "summary": "170 cm, 65 kg biped with 42 DoF and 352 Nm joints; pre-sale to open.", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/pudu-d9-humanoid-robot-launched/" }, { "date": "2024-09-19", "title": "Pudu launches D7 semi-humanoid", "summary": "Wheeled-base robot with bionic arms for elevator use, transport and sorting.", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/pudu-robotics-debuts-semi-humanoid-robot-for-versatile-applications/" } ], "buyNone": "Experimental; not listed on Pudu's site.", "video": { "id": "CbA9wA9etGA", "title": "PUDU D7 - The First-Generation Semi-Humanoid Robot by Pudu Robotics", "channel": "Pudu Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/pudu-d7-2024.jpg", "author": "Pudu Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.pudurobotics.com/en/products?tab=xlab", "page": "https://www.pudurobotics.com/en/products?tab=xlab", "kind": "maker", "w": 744, "h": 936 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/pudu.png", "author": "Shenzhen Pudu Technology Co., Ltd.", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pudu_Robotics_Logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pudu_Robotics_Logo.svg", "article": "File:Pudu Robotics Logo.svg" } }, { "id": "jaka-k1-2024", "name": "JAKA K-1", "maker": "JAKA Robotics (节卡机器人)", "makerId": "jaka", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-09-24", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 5, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "The Shanghai cobot maker JAKA's first humanoid.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A bipedal humanoid shown for the first time at the China International Industry Fair in Shanghai in September 2024, with integrated-joint arms that each lift about 3-5 kg and a stated motion accuracy of ±0.1 mm. At its debut the gait was still being developed, so it was a static display prototype. Payload is the per-arm maximum.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-7707acc0a2" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-09-24", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" } }, { "id": "fourier-gr2-2024", "name": "GR-2", "maker": "Fourier", "makerId": "fourier", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-09-26", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": 63, "dof": 53, "speedKmh": 5, "payloadKg": 3, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Second-generation Fourier humanoid, 1.75 m and 63 kg with 53 joints, 12-DOF hands with tactile sensors and a detachable battery with double the capacity of GR-1.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-3d1cccdd07", "hs-d27e8e0f7e" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-09-26", "event": "Fourier launch press release", "url": null }, "released": { "date": "2024", "note": "sold to research customers" }, "components": { "actuators": "FSA 2.0 actuator series tuned per joint, peak torque up to 380 Nm, roughly twice the control accuracy of GR-1; 53 DoF body.", "hands": "Five-finger hands with 12 DoF each and 6 array-type tactile sensors measuring force.", "battery": "Larger, replaceable pack adding one to two hours of runtime over GR-1; capacity not stated.", "materials": "Modular design with serial instead of parallel connections and improved cabling to cut maintenance and manufacturing cost.", "software": "New ROS-compatible SDK with APIs for vision, path planning and force control; supports NVIDIA Isaac Lab and MuJoCo.", "other": "Arm payload 3 kg, top speed 5 km/h (press).", "sources": [ "hs-d27e8e0f7e", "hs-2452905699", "hs-9fba0701b7" ] }, "production": { "sold": "No GR-2 count published; Omdia put Fourier at 150-500 units in 2025.", "where": "Research customers worldwide." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-01-12", "title": "Omdia lists Fourier sixth in 2025 humanoid shipments", "summary": "Fourier was among makers shipping roughly 150-500 units each.", "publisher": "China Daily", "url": "https://investinchina.chinadaily.com.cn/s/202601/12/WS6964b698498e23165e06cba4/chinese-firms-lead-global-humanoid-robot-production-in-2025-report.html" }, { "date": "2025-01-08", "title": "Fourier raises about $109 million Series E", "summary": "Prosperity7 among backers of the round, Fourier's largest.", "publisher": "DealStreetAsia", "url": "https://dealstreetasia.com/?p=425571" }, { "date": "2024-09-30", "title": "Fourier announces GR-2", "summary": "Successor to GR-1 with 12-DoF hands, FSA 2.0 actuators and a swappable battery.", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://heise.de/-9958213" } ], "buyNone": "Shown only as a past generation on Fourier's GRx page (no product page or buy path); current line is GR-3.", "video": { "id": "B-ebMigAHzQ", "title": "📣 Say hello to GR-2! 📣", "channel": "Fourier (@FourierIntelligence-Robotics)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/fourier-gr2-2024.jpg", "author": "Fourier", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.fftai.com/newsroom-newintech/16", "page": "https://www.fftai.com/newsroom-newintech/16", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "kepler-forerunner-k2-2024", "name": "Forerunner K2 'Bumblebee'", "maker": "Kepler Exploration Robotics", "makerId": "kepler-exploration", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-10", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": 75, "dof": 52, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 15, "batteryHours": 8, "priceUsd": 30000, "priceNote": "Base model reported at $30,000; distributors list about CNY 248,000.", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "In limited-series production; industrial testing at a Shanghai car plant reported in 2025.", "summary": "A factory humanoid with a hybrid actuator design claiming 8 hours of work per charge and about 15 kg per hand. Sources give 175 cm/75 kg or 178 cm/85 kg.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-062a0372a9", "hs-9ac02e94a4", "hs-8c21beab57" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-10", "event": "Kepler launch", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/forerunner-k2-keplers-next-gen-humanoid-robot" }, "released": { "date": "2025-08-04", "note": "small-batch mass production began; about 100 units expected in 2025 (Shanghai Pudong government)" }, "components": { "actuators": "Hybrid architecture: proprietary planetary roller screw linear actuators (14 per robot, about 20% of cost) plus rotary harmonic actuators; 52 body DoF plus 2 head.", "hands": "Tendon-driven tactile hands, 11 DoF each, 15 kg per hand; flexible fingertip sensors with 96 contact points; six-axis force/torque sensor at each wrist; task-specific swappable hands.", "sensors": "Over 80 integrated sensors.", "compute": "100 TOPS on board; cloud cognitive model linked to embodied control.", "battery": "2.33 kWh; about 8 hours on a 1-hour charge; direct and automatic charging.", "software": "Imitation and reinforcement learning; autonomous task sequences in structured settings; remote-operation interface.", "other": "Payload 15 kg per arm, 30 kg dual; base price $30,000 (company); about 80% of core parts in-house.", "sources": [ "hs-062a0372a9", "hs-9ac02e94a4", "hs-8c21beab57", "hs-37474e06d9" ] }, "production": { "built": "Small-batch mass production started 4 Aug 2025 with about 100 units expected in 2025 (Shanghai Pudong government).", "sold": "Several thousand indicative orders worth hundreds of millions of yuan (company); no delivery count.", "where": "China", "customers": "Several car makers (logistics trials) and five universities (Pudong government, Aug 2025); about 50 target customers co-developed K2 (2024)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-08-21", "title": "K2 enters small-batch production", "summary": "Some car-maker testers reported 80% of manual handling efficiency and placed trial orders.", "publisher": "Shanghai Pudong Government", "url": "https://english.pudong.gov.cn/chinashftz/2025-08/21/c_1123562.htm" }, { "date": "2025-06-05", "title": "Kepler shows K2 Bumblebee at ICRA 2025 for $30,000", "summary": "Fifth-generation robot in limited-series production with 80% in-house core hardware.", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/kepler-robotics-showcases-k2-bumblebee-icra-2025/" }, { "date": "2024-10-21", "title": "Kepler unveils Forerunner K2", "summary": "Gen 5.0 robot with tendon-driven tactile hands and a 2.33 kWh battery.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/forerunner-k2-keplers-next-gen-humanoid-robot" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://www.gotokepler.com/contact?type=ordering", "type": null, "label": "Buy Now / procurement inquiry", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "iWC8rSjDywU", "title": "Introducing Kepler Forerunner K2", "channel": "Kepler Humanoid Robot" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kepler-forerunner-k2-2024.jpg", "author": "Kepler Exploration Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.gotokepler.com/", "page": "https://www.gotokepler.com/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 578 } }, { "id": "kinisi-kr1-2024", "name": "KR1", "maker": "Kinisi Robotics (acquisition by Bear Robotics announced June 2026)", "makerId": "kinisi", "country": "United States", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-10", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "logistics", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 8.6, "payloadKg": 10, "batteryHours": 8, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Bear Robotics signed a definitive agreement to buy Kinisi in June 2026 and now offers the robot for pilot programmes.", "summary": "A low-cost wheeled humanoid for warehouse picking, taught by demonstration and running its AI onboard; it started as a one-armed mobile manipulator in 2024 and was relaunched in July 2025 as a dual-armed version carrying 10 kg, with a hot-swappable 48 V battery for 6 to 8 hours (8 used here as the maximum) and speeds up to 2.4 m/s.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-03d3f93206", "hs-06465e76b3", "hs-e58516fce4", "hs-c432dbd272" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-10", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kinisi-kr1-2024.jpg", "author": "Kinisi Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.bearrobotics.ai/kinisi", "page": "https://www.bearrobotics.ai/kinisi", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 964 } }, { "id": "kind-humanoid-mona-2024", "name": "Mona", "maker": "Kind Humanoid", "makerId": "kind-humanoid", "country": "United States", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-10", "status": "discontinued", "purpose": [ "home", "care" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A bipedal home-care humanoid from a three-person Palo Alto startup, with a diamond-shaped head carrying a small screen and a soft rounded body styled by Yves Behar's fuseproject; early prototypes were rough lab builds. Kind Humanoid was bought by 1X in January 2025 and its site now points to 1X.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-dd9ce261a8", "hs-a3a15f1275", "hs-ea4adb9627" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-10", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kind-humanoid-mona-2024.jpg", "author": "Kind Humanoid", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/2024/https://kindhumanoid.com/", "page": "https://web.archive.org/web/2024/https://kindhumanoid.com/", "kind": "maker", "w": 352, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "cyan-robotics-orca-2024", "name": "Orca I", "maker": "Cyan Robotics (Shanghai Qingxin Yichuang Technology)", "makerId": "cyan", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-10", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "education", "social" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 151, "weightKg": 42, "dof": 28, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 10, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Finished the April 2025 Beijing humanoid half-marathon without falls, with a two-minute battery swap.", "summary": "A small full-size biped from a Shanghai startup that walks with straight knees and uses a language model to give its gait different moods, with an OLED face. Swappable batteries give about 2 hours standing or 1 hour walking.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-ed8ae6cbfe", "hs-0565b575b3", "hs-abdc3de72c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-10", "event": "Company unveiling, about 30 October 2024 (date from a blog report only)", "url": "https://overclockers.ru/blog/Global_Chronicles/show/188501/Cyan-predstavila-Orca-I-universal-nyj-robot-s-antropomorfnymi-dvizheniyami" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "sold through sales enquiry; maker pages give 145 cm/40.5 kg and 151 cm/42 kg (spec sheet used)" }, "components": { "actuators": "28 DoF: 6 per arm, 4 per leg, 2 per foot, 1 waist, 3 head; knee peak torque 150 Nm; joints with dual encoders; local air cooling.", "hands": "Dexterous hand option plus a bundled adaptive soft gripper; about 5 kg per arm (10 kg with both arms).", "sensors": "3D lidar, depth camera, IMU, six-microphone ring array and speaker.", "compute": "14-core CPU plus NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano Super.", "battery": "Two 5,000 mAh quick-release smart batteries: about 2 hours standing or 1 hour walking; swapped in about two minutes during the 2025 half marathon.", "software": "Large language model for social interaction that also drives an 'emotional' gait; ships with humanoid motion training and deployment code and an open full-body teleoperation interface.", "other": "151 x 52 x 28 cm, about 42 kg with battery; straight-knee walking; expression screen face; Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5.2, Ethernet and a 48 V output.", "sources": [ "hs-ed8ae6cbfe", "hs-0565b575b3" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sold through sales enquiry; volumes not published", "where": "Caohejing Hi-Tech Park, Xuhui, Shanghai, China" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-04-21", "title": "Orca I finishes the first humanoid half marathon", "summary": "Shanghai's government said Orca I completed the 19 April Beijing E-Town race without falls, swapping batteries in about two minutes.", "publisher": "Shanghai Municipal Government", "url": "https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-IndustrialInnovation-Scitechcenter/20250422/e446327b735441f1ba646ef834e1d232.html" } ], "video": { "id": "bQZ5iFcOedQ", "title": "Cyan's OrcaⅠ: Redefining Humanoid Robotics with Fully Anthropomorphic AI", "channel": "Cyan Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/cyan-robotics-orca-2024.jpg", "author": "Cyan Robotics (Shanghai Qingxin Yichuang Technology)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.cyanborg.com/orca-product.html", "page": "https://www.cyanborg.com/orca-product.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "engineai-se01-2024", "name": "SE01", "maker": "EngineAI (Zhongqing Robotics)", "makerId": "engineai", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-10", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": 55, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Price not disclosed.", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Noted for an unusually natural, human-like walking gait.", "deployments": null, "summary": "EngineAI's first full-size humanoid, on global sale from December 2024. Reported at about 5 ft 7 in and 121 lb.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-9b00fb0caa", "hs-e5d8d01a7d" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-10", "event": "EngineAI reveal video", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/engineai-releases-pm01-humanoid-robot-for-commercial-educational-use/" }, "released": { "date": "2024-12", "note": "global sales from 24 Dec 2024" }, "components": { "actuators": "32 DoF full body (EngineAI); in-house powered joints.", "sensors": "Obstacle avoidance and path planning; gesture and voice recognition models.", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson Orin.", "battery": "Swappable rechargeable batteries, about 2 hours.", "software": "Reinforcement-learning trained locomotion; claimed human-like gait; voice or chest touchscreen control.", "other": "170 cm, 55 kg; 2 m/s normal walking.", "sources": [ "hs-9b00fb0caa", "hs-e5d8d01a7d", "hs-b892161355" ] }, "production": { "sold": "EngineAI said it delivered nearly 100 units across models in five months (company, Dec 2024); Omdia put it at 150-500 units in 2025.", "where": "Global sales from 24 Dec 2024." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-02-09", "title": "EngineAI launches URKL robot fighting league", "summary": "16 teams compete for a gold belt worth 10 million yuan; EngineAI reported 3,000-4,000 intention orders for T800 (CEO, Dec 2025).", "publisher": "Yicai Global", "url": "https://www2.yicaiglobal.com/news/worlds-first-commercial-humanoid-robot-fighting-league-launches-in-china" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "title": "Omdia lists EngineAI fifth in 2025 shipments", "summary": "EngineAI was in the 150-500 unit band.", "publisher": "China Daily", "url": "https://investinchina.chinadaily.com.cn/s/202601/12/WS6964b698498e23165e06cba4/chinese-firms-lead-global-humanoid-robot-production-in-2025-report.html" }, { "date": "2025-01", "title": "SE01 walks the CES 2025 floor", "summary": "Shown with Jetson Orin compute and swappable batteries.", "publisher": "The Batch (DeepLearning.AI)", "url": "https://charonhub.deeplearning.ai/unitree-and-engineai-showcase-affordable-humanoid-robots/" }, { "date": "2024-12-24", "title": "SE01 goes on global sale", "summary": "EngineAI's first full-size humanoid, announced October 2024.", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/engineai-releases-pm01-humanoid-robot-for-commercial-educational-use/" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://en.engineai.com.cn/contact-us.html", "type": null, "label": "Purchase inquiry (sales phone/email, form)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "I7Oh-ma4o1A", "title": "Introducing the World's Coolest Humanoid Robot — EngineAI SE01！", "channel": "Engineai Robot" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/engineai-se01-2024.jpg", "author": "EngineAI (Zhongqing Robotics)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://en.engineai.com.cn/product-se01.html", "page": "https://en.engineai.com.cn/product-se01.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 800, "h": 800 } }, { "id": "xpeng-iron-2024", "name": "Iron (first generation)", "maker": "XPeng", "makerId": "xpeng", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-11", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 178, "weightKg": 70, "dof": 62, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Trialled on XPeng's own car production line in Guangzhou.", "summary": "XPeng's first full-size humanoid, 1.78 m and 70 kg, shown at its 2024 AI Day. Reports give 60-62 active joints (about 200 DOF counting passive joints and hands).", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-920a8089dc", "hs-e02624e989" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-11", "event": "XPeng AI Day 2024", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-xpeng-iron-humanoid-robot" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not for sale" }, "components": { "actuators": "More than 60 joints; XPeng claims 200 degrees of freedom overall.", "compute": "XPeng Turing AI chip with 40-core CPU, able to run 30-billion-parameter models.", "software": "Shares AI technology with XPeng's smart EVs.", "other": "173-178 cm, 70 kg.", "sources": [ "hs-e02624e989", "hs-50e5c68674" ] }, "production": { "built": "Internal units only.", "where": "China (XPeng plants and stores).", "customers": "XPeng's own P7+ production line (2024)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-08", "title": "XPeng opens IRON production line", "summary": "Over 80% of core processes automated; mass production by end-2026 and sales in 2027.", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2026/09/08/xpeng-opens-iron-humanoid-robot-production-line/" }, { "date": "2026-08-24", "title": "XPeng carves out robotics unit Dogotix", "summary": "About $900 million committed at about $6.3 billion post-money; IDG leads, Tencent and Alibaba join.", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2026/08/24/xpeng-carves-out-robotics-business/" }, { "date": "2025-11-05", "title": "XPeng unveils next-gen IRON", "summary": "Successor with bionic muscles, flexible skin and 2,250 TOPS of compute.", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2025/11/05/xpeng-unveils-next-gen-iron-humanoid-robot/" }, { "date": "2024-11-08", "title": "XPeng unveils Iron at AI Day 2024", "summary": "Iron is already helping build the P7+ EV on XPeng's line.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-xpeng-iron-humanoid-robot" } ], "buyNone": "Not for sale; XPeng's site shows IRON only as technology (no order or reservation).", "video": { "id": "Uhy1lpqmiRQ", "title": "XPENG's IRON Robot Starts Factory Training", "channel": "XPENG" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/xpeng-iron-2024-1.jpg", "author": "Matti Blume", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:XPeng,_IAA_Summit_2025,_Munich_(20250908-P1049577).jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 750, "h": 1000 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/xpeng.png", "author": "XPeng Motor", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:XPeng_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:XPeng_logo.svg", "article": "File:XPeng logo.svg" } }, { "id": "casbot-casbot-01-2024", "name": "CASBOT 01", "maker": "CASBOT (Beijing Zhongke Huiling Robot Technology)", "makerId": "casbot", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-11-13", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 179, "weightKg": 60, "dof": 52, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 4, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "The first full-size biped from CASBOT, a Beijing startup founded in 2023 by an Institute of Automation (Chinese Academy of Sciences) researcher and backed by Lenovo. It has five-finger hands rated for 5 kg, 550 TOPS of onboard compute and more than four hours of working time.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-b85372b97d" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-11-13", "event": "Company launch, Beijing", "url": "https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20241114A01ZTT00" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not mass-produced; succeeded by CASBOT 02 in 2025" }, "components": { "actuators": "52 DoF using CASBOT's own integrated joints in planetary, harmonic and linear series, with peak torque density up to 207 Nm/kg and over 80% joint efficiency.", "hands": "Five-finger dexterous hands, 800 g each, rated for 5 kg, with drive, transmission, sensing and control built in.", "compute": "550 TOPS of on-board compute.", "battery": "More than 4 hours of working time.", "software": "Layered end-to-end model trained with sim-to-real transfer, data synthesis and hybrid training; whole-body control with adversarial motion priors and generative adversarial imitation learning for human-like motion.", "other": "179 cm and 60 kg. Sold as robot-plus-solution packages to businesses first.", "sources": [ "hs-b85372b97d" ] }, "production": { "built": "Not mass-produced; CASBOT planned one or two design rounds in 2025 before small-batch production", "sold": "not sold", "where": "Beijing, China" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-06-26", "title": "CASBOT raises nearly RMB 100 million", "summary": "CASBOT closed an angel-plus round led by Lens Technology to speed up mass production of its humanoids and dexterous hands.", "publisher": "Science and Technology Daily", "url": "https://www.stdaily.com/web/gdxw/2025-06/26/content_360833.html" }, { "date": "2024-11-14", "title": "CASBOT launches its first biped", "summary": "CASBOT unveiled the 179 cm CASBOT 01 with 52 DoF and 550 TOPS, planning small-batch production after further iterations in 2025.", "publisher": "Tencent News", "url": "https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20241114A01ZTT00" } ], "video": { "id": "GZsgJ-wg6SI", "title": "Say hello to CASBOT 01", "channel": "CASBOT (@CASBOT_official)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/casbot-casbot-01-2024.jpg", "author": "CASBOT (Beijing Zhongke Huiling Robot Technology)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.36kr.com/p/3170949892205056", "page": "https://www.36kr.com/p/3170949892205056", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 739 } }, { "id": "limx-dynamics-cl-2-2024", "name": "CL-2", "maker": "LimX Dynamics", "makerId": "limx-dynamics", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-12", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "research", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "LimX's second-generation full-size biped, between the CL-1 and the Oli. New hollow actuators with in-house motors gave its waist and hips a range of motion beyond a human's. Height, weight and DoF were not published.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-042fe1dbd1" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-12", "event": "LimX demo video (reported late December 2024; heise article 6 Jan 2025)", "url": "https://heise.de/-10228901" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "development prototype; the follow-on CL-3 launched as LimX Oli in 2025" }, "components": { "actuators": "New lighter actuators with a hollow design and LimX's own high-torque electric motors, replacing bought-in motors; they give the waist and hips a range of motion beyond a human's.", "software": "Whole-body dynamic control shown in a demo video with stable contortion-style movements.", "other": "LimX aims the line at both industry and the home; the CL series later led to the LimX Oli.", "sources": [ "hs-042fe1dbd1" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Development prototype; not sold", "where": "Shenzhen, China" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-01-06", "title": "LimX CL-2 shows extreme waist and hip motion", "summary": "heise reported the CL-2's new hollow actuators with in-house motors, which allow stable full-body contortions in a demo video.", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://heise.de/-10228901" } ] }, { "id": "engineai-pm01-2024", "name": "PM01", "maker": "EngineAI (Zhongqing Robotics)", "makerId": "engineai", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-12", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "education", "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 138, "weightKg": 40, "dof": 24, "speedKmh": 7.2, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 26500, "priceNote": "Listed at ¥188,000 on EngineAI’s own purchase page (checked 12 October 2026), about $26,500. A launch offer of ¥88,000 ended on 31 March 2025.", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Launched below the Unitree G1's price, part of the 2024-25 humanoid price war.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 1.38 m, 40 kg compact humanoid with a waist that turns 320 degrees and Intel plus NVIDIA Jetson compute.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-58e7e748e7", "hs-9b00fb0caa" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-12", "event": "EngineAI launch", "url": "https://www.maginative.com/article/engineai-expands-lineup-with-pm01-a-lighter-more-agile-humanoid-robot-for-12-000/" }, "released": { "date": "2024-12", "note": "on sale" }, "components": { "actuators": "24 DoF; in-house joints with 130 Nm/kg peak torque density; 320-degree waist rotation.", "sensors": "Intel RealSense depth camera; optical motion capture used to train human-like motion.", "compute": "Dual-chip: Intel N97 (x86) plus NVIDIA Jetson Orin.", "battery": "About 2 hours per charge.", "software": "End-to-end neural network shared with SE01; fully open-source with secondary development and cross-platform deployment; interactive core display.", "other": "138 cm, 40 kg, 2 m/s.", "sources": [ "hs-9b00fb0caa", "hs-58e7e748e7", "hs-b892161355" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Nearly 100 units delivered across EngineAI models in five months (company, Dec 2024).", "where": "China and export." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-04-11", "title": "EngineAI PM01 dances at GMO's new Shibuya humanoid lab", "summary": "GMO showed the EngineAI PM01 among the humanoids at the opening of its GMO Humanoid Lab Shibuya showroom.", "publisher": "YouTube (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TGP7L-oPhyo" }, { "date": "2026-02-09", "title": "EngineAI launches URKL robot fighting league", "summary": "16 teams compete for a gold belt worth 10 million yuan; EngineAI reported 3,000-4,000 intention orders for T800 (CEO, Dec 2025).", "publisher": "Yicai Global", "url": "https://www2.yicaiglobal.com/news/worlds-first-commercial-humanoid-robot-fighting-league-launches-in-china" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "title": "Omdia lists EngineAI fifth in 2025 shipments", "summary": "EngineAI was in the 150-500 unit band.", "publisher": "China Daily", "url": "https://investinchina.chinadaily.com.cn/s/202601/12/WS6964b698498e23165e06cba4/chinese-firms-lead-global-humanoid-robot-production-in-2025-report.html" }, { "date": "2024-12-27", "title": "EngineAI launches PM01 at 88,000 yuan", "summary": "Compact open-source humanoid for commercial and education use.", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/engineai-releases-pm01-humanoid-robot-for-commercial-educational-use/" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://en.engineai.com.cn/product-purchase.html", "type": "store", "label": "Buy Now (EngineAI purchase page links to JD.com)", "price": "CNY 188,000 (shown as ¥188000)", "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "j-uMnH_f7cU", "title": "Introducing ENGINEAI PM01 – The Ultimate Embodied Intelligent Humanoid Hardware", "channel": "Engineai Robot" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/engineai-pm01-2024.jpg", "author": "EngineAI (Zhongqing Robotics)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://en.engineai.com.cn/product-pm01.html", "page": "https://en.engineai.com.cn/product-pm01.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 800, "h": 800 } }, { "id": "pudu-d9-2024", "name": "PUDU D9", "maker": "Pudu Robotics", "makerId": "pudu", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-12-19", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "retail", "home", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": 65, "dof": 42, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Pudu's first full-size biped, shown cleaning floors with a Pudu cleaning robot.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 1.7 m, 65 kg service biped with 42 joints and Pudu's DH11 dexterous hands.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-5001fbd944", "hs-ce265d8499" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-12-19", "event": "Pudu launch press release", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/pudu-d9-humanoid-robot-launched/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "pre-sale inquiries only" }, "components": { "actuators": "42 DoF (6 per leg, 7 per arm); maximum joint torque 352 Nm.", "hands": "PUDU DH11 dexterous hand: 11 DoF (6 active, 5 passive), 500 g, 12 tactile regions with 1,018 tactile pixels, 30 N palm-finger grip.", "sensors": "RGB and RGB-D cameras, tactile sensors, IMU; visual semantic navigation with real-time 3D mapping.", "compute": "275 TOPS (chip not named).", "battery": "15 Ah, 0.72 kWh; runtime not listed.", "software": "Proprietary reinforcement-learning algorithms for end-to-end task planning.", "other": "Walks up to 2 m/s; 20 kg payload, 10 kg per arm, 40 kg maximum lift (test conditions).", "sources": [ "hs-f605654ecd", "hs-5001fbd944", "hs-ce265d8499" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Pre-sale inquiries only (Dec 2024). Pudu reports over 80,000 service robots shipped across 60+ countries (company, all products)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "Pudu D9 makes static Japan appearance at iREX 2025", "summary": "Pudu showed its D9 biped and FlashBot Arm semi-humanoid statically at iREX 2025 in Tokyo and said humanoids still need time before commercialisation.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2512/18/news014.html" }, { "date": "2024-12-26", "title": "Pudu unveils D9 full-size humanoid", "summary": "170 cm, 65 kg biped with 42 DoF and 352 Nm joints; pre-sale to open.", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/pudu-d9-humanoid-robot-launched/" }, { "date": "2024-12-24", "title": "D9 is Pudu's third robot launch of 2024", "summary": "Shown walking, climbing slopes and cleaning with the SH1, after the D7 and DH11 hand.", "publisher": "China Daily", "url": "https://regional.chinadaily.com.cn/en/2024-12/24/c_1059122.htm" }, { "date": "2024-09-19", "title": "Pudu launches D7 semi-humanoid", "summary": "Wheeled-base robot with bionic arms for elevator use, transport and sorting.", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/pudu-robotics-debuts-semi-humanoid-robot-for-versatile-applications/" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://www.pudurobotics.com/en/products/d9", "type": null, "label": "Contact us / request a demo", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "gd5DdfJX_RM", "title": "PUDU D9: The First Full-sized Bipedal Humanoid Robot by Pudu Robotics", "channel": "Pudu Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/pudu-d9-2024.jpg", "author": "Pudu Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.pudurobotics.com/en/products/d9", "page": "https://www.pudurobotics.com/en/products/d9", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/pudu.png", "author": "Shenzhen Pudu Technology Co., Ltd.", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pudu_Robotics_Logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pudu_Robotics_Logo.svg", "article": "File:Pudu Robotics Logo.svg" } }, { "id": "gac-gomate-2024", "name": "GoMate", "maker": "GAC Group", "makerId": "gac", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-12-26", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": null, "dof": 38, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 6, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Carmaker humanoid that switches between four-wheel and two-wheel modes.", "deployments": "Testing on GAC Trumpchi and AION lines planned for 2025; small-volume production planned for 2026.", "summary": "GAC's third-generation humanoid, standing about 1.4 m on four wheels and up to 1.75 m on two, using GAC's vision-only driving software.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-d066ebffa1", "hs-f2e9a9a0b4" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-12-26", "event": "China Robotics Network Annual Conference, Shanghai", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2024/12/26/gac-unveils-humanoid-robot-gomate/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "small-volume production planned 2026" }, "components": { "actuators": "38 DoF. In-house miniature low-voltage servo actuators under 30 mm tall (20 A); axial-flux motor with 1,000 Nm peak and 200 Nm/kg torque density.", "hands": "Self-developed ergonomic dexterous hands.", "sensors": "GAC's in-house pure-vision driving algorithm (no LiDAR mentioned); obstacle detection to 100 m.", "battery": "GAC all-solid-state battery, up to about 6 hours (company claim); GAC claims 80% lower energy use than peers.", "software": "FIGS-SLAM indoor/outdoor centimetre positioning, 3D Gaussian-splat reconstruction for VR teleoperation, remote/AI autonomy switching, cloud multimodal LLM voice control.", "other": "Variable wheel-foot body: about 1.4 m in four-wheel mode, 1.75 m upright.", "sources": [ "hs-d066ebffa1", "hs-f2e9a9a0b4" ] }, "production": { "where": "China", "customers": "GAC Trumpchi and GAC AION production lines and industrial parks (demonstrations and inspection pilots)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2024-12-26", "title": "GAC unveils GoMate", "summary": "Third-generation GAC robot with wheel-leg modes; small-volume production planned for 2026.", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2024/12/26/gac-unveils-humanoid-robot-gomate/" } ], "buyNone": "Pilot only; small-volume production planned for 2026, no public sales channel found.", "video": { "id": "LIfXrjzm0AA", "title": "GAC Group introduces humanoid robot 'GoMate'", "channel": "Gasgoo Auto News (@GasgooAutoNews)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/gac-gomate-2024.jpg", "author": "GAC Group", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://cnevpost.com/2024/12/26/gac-unveils-humanoid-robot-gomate/", "page": "https://cnevpost.com/2024/12/26/gac-unveils-humanoid-robot-gomate/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 573 } }, { "id": "matrix-robotics-matrix-1-2024", "name": "MATRIX-1", "maker": "Matrix Robotics", "makerId": "matrix", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-12-26", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "home", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 180, "weightKg": 67, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 7.6, "payloadKg": 10, "batteryHours": 5, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Matrix Robotics' first full-size biped: 1.80 m, 67 kg, 55 actuators, a face display and a 22-DoF five-finger tactile hand, rated 10 kg per arm and up to 5 hours per 45-minute charge. The maker page gives both 1.2 m/s and 7.6 km/h; the higher figure is used.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-97a7b12095", "hs-3651180c2c", "hs-9558c87d98" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-12-26", "event": "Maker reveal video 'This is MATRIX-1.' (26 Dec 2024), the earliest dated source found; shown at WAIC 2025", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6cO-uqxZeg" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Maker page still says 'coming soon'" }, "components": { "actuators": "55 self-developed electric 'MPA 3.0' actuators with peak torque density of 196 Nm/kg.", "hands": "Third-generation five-finger hand with 22 DoF, tactile sensors and force-position hybrid control; 10 kg per arm.", "sensors": "Eight on-board RGB cameras; optional lidar and ultrasonic obstacle sensors; microphone array with noise and echo cancellation.", "compute": "On-board AI inference computer with 8 CPU cores and an integrated GPU on a real-time operating system (chip not named).", "battery": "2.28 kWh custom pack; 45-minute fast charge for up to 5 hours of work; autonomous charging base.", "software": "On-board vision-language model, MLM 2.0 embodied manipulation model, imitation and reinforcement learning, and a custom language model trained with LLM partners.", "other": "180 cm, 67 kg, with a face display. Speed given as both 1.2 m/s and 7.6 km/h on the maker page. Followed by MATRIX-3 in January 2026.", "sources": [ "hs-97a7b12095", "hs-98b18fa159" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not yet on sale; maker page says 'coming soon'", "customers": "None named; Matrix opened an early-access programme for partners with pilots expected from mid-2026 (for MATRIX-3)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-01-10", "title": "Matrix launches MATRIX-3", "summary": "Matrix Robotics followed MATRIX-1 with MATRIX-3, featuring a 27-DoF hand and tactile woven skin, and opened an early-access programme.", "publisher": "Matrix Robotics", "url": "https://www.matrixrobotics.ai/" } ], "video": { "id": "R6cO-uqxZeg", "title": "This is MATRIX-1.", "channel": "Matrix Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/matrix-robotics-matrix-1-2024.jpg", "author": "Matrix Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.matrixrobotics.ai/matrix-1", "page": "https://www.matrixrobotics.ai/matrix-1", "kind": "maker", "w": 667, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "agibot-genie-g1-2024", "name": "AGIBOT Genie G1", "maker": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)", "makerId": "agibot", "country": "China", "year": 2024, "date": "2024-12-30", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial", "research", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 180, "weightKg": 150, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 4, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "AgiBot says more than 100 identical G1 robots collected its open AgiBot World manipulation dataset, first released on 30 December 2024.", "summary": "A wheeled, two-armed AgiBot robot with a head that tilts and turns and a lifting body that gives it a working height of 130 to 180 cm (over 2 m of reach). Its swappable end-effectors range from a 6-DoF hand to a two-finger gripper, and AgiBot sells it for factory, shop and home tasks and for robot-data collection. The maker's page gives two different DoF figures (20 without end-effectors, 26 elsewhere), so DoF is left blank; 180 cm is the top of its height range.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-fb390ee310", "hs-0162e2da67", "hs-96f630884f" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2024-12-30", "event": "Earliest dated public reference found: AgiBot World Alpha dataset release, collected on the G1 platform (the robot may have been shown earlier)", "url": "https://github.com/OpenDriveLab/AgiBot-World" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Maker page says large-scale production with immediate delivery" }, "components": { "actuators": "Dual 7-DoF arms on a wheeled chassis with a lifting, tilting waist and a head that turns and tilts; maker lists 20 DoF excluding end-effectors (26 with head and waist in another line).", "hands": "Swappable end-effectors: a 6-DoF dexterous hand or a two-finger gripper; grippers with visuo-tactile sensors for contact-rich tasks. Holds 3 kg continuously in one arm.", "sensors": "Eight cameras on the upper body (RGB-D and fisheye, including wrist cameras), RGB-D cameras front and rear plus lidar on the chassis, and six-axis force sensors in both arms; data recorded at 30 Hz.", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin 64GB.", "battery": "Over 4 hours of runtime.", "software": "VR and whole-body motion-capture teleoperation with millisecond latency for data collection; edge-cloud data pipeline, OTA updates and fault-recovery HMI. It is the platform for the AgiBot World dataset (over 1 million trajectories, 2,976 hours from more than 100 robots) and the GO-1 (Genie Operator-1) model.", "other": "Working height 130-180 cm, 150 kg; chassis turns in place and climbs 20 mm obstacles.", "sources": [ "hs-fb390ee310", "hs-0162e2da67" ] }, "production": { "built": "More than 100 identical G1 units used in AgiBot's 4,000 m2 data-collection facility; maker says it is in large-scale production", "sold": "Sold for factory, retail, home and data-collection use", "where": "Shanghai, China" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-03-09", "title": "AgiBot World paper and GO-1 model", "summary": "AgiBot described its G1-collected dataset of over a million trajectories and the GO-1 generalist policy built on it.", "publisher": "arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/2503.06669v1" }, { "date": "2024-12-30", "title": "AgiBot World Alpha dataset released", "summary": "AgiBot and OpenDriveLab released the first AgiBot World dataset collected on the G1 platform.", "publisher": "GitHub (OpenDriveLab)", "url": "https://github.com/OpenDriveLab/AgiBot-World" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/agibot-genie-g1-2024.jpg", "author": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.agibot.com/products/G1", "page": "https://www.agibot.com/products/G1", "kind": "maker", "w": 637, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "holiday-robotics-friday-2025", "name": "FRIDAY", "maker": "Holiday Robotics", "makerId": "holiday", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2025, "date": "2025", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 176, "weightKg": 115, "dof": 64, "speedKmh": 6.8, "payloadKg": 20, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Target price about KRW 100 million per unit (not a list price).", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Raised one of Korea's largest early-stage startup rounds (about $105 million Series A, 2026).", "deployments": "Commercialisation targeted for the second half of 2026, with 100 units a year planned.", "summary": "A 1.76 m wheeled factory humanoid with 64 DOF, palm-wide touch sensing and hot-swappable batteries for round-the-clock work. Speed is from a secondary source.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-b3e09a0d1b", "hs-6a09bc8b64", "hs-68b385d697" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025", "event": "Holiday Robotics unveiling", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "commercialisation targeted for H2 2026; 100 units planned in 2026 and 1,000 in 2027 (company)" }, "components": { "actuators": "64 DoF total, 40 of them in the hands; fully back-drivable arm and hand joints.", "hands": "Lightweight, low-inertia hands with tactile sensing and force-aware control.", "sensors": "360-degree perception from multiple cameras and LiDAR.", "battery": "Hot-swappable battery to cover a full shift.", "software": "Vision-language-skill (VLS) approach; Holiday Sim for simulation, Holiday Lab for skill creation, OASys for deployment.", "other": "Wheeled base; 176 cm, 115 kg; target price about 100 million won.", "sources": [ "hs-b3e09a0d1b", "hs-6a09bc8b64", "hs-68b385d697" ] }, "production": { "built": "Plan: 100 units in 2026, 1,000 in 2027, capacity for 10,000+ a year later (company).", "where": "South Korea", "customers": "Private proofs of concept with unnamed automotive, semiconductor and logistics companies." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-07-23", "title": "Holiday Robotics raises $105M Series A", "summary": "Funds go to commercialising FRIDAY in the second half of 2026.", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/holiday-robotics-raises-105m-wheeled-humanoid-friday/" }, { "date": "2026-07-13", "title": "Record 155 billion won Series A for Korean humanoid maker", "summary": "Largest Series A by a Korean startup; investors include IMM, SL Investment, KDB and IBK.", "publisher": "Venture Square", "url": "https://www.venturesquare.net/en/1098150/" } ], "buyNone": "No order, pilot or waitlist path; FRIDAY product page offers only a general contact link (commercialisation planned H2 2026).", "video": { "id": "iUNat-40BeM", "title": "Introducing FRIDAY - the first humanoid robot from Holiday Robotics.", "channel": "Holiday Robotics" } }, { "id": "robros-igris-c-2025", "name": "IGRIS-C", "maker": "ROBROS", "makerId": "robros", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2025, "date": "2025", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 154, "weightKg": 56, "dof": 43, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A Korean general-purpose biped for industrial sites, 154 cm and 56 kg, with 7-DoF arms, 6-DoF legs and tendon-driven five-finger hands. ROBROS moved into humanoids from robot cafés and sells it in Korea.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-e2229bcec4", "hs-f5a2944c35" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025", "event": "Released in 2025 per company history; shown at Seoul Mobility Show, CoRL/Humanoids 2025, APEC 2025 and iREX 2025", "url": "https://www.robros.co.kr/ko/history" }, "released": { "date": "2025-11", "note": "Commercialised in November 2025 per ROBROS CEO (Korea Industrial Daily, June 2026); 18 units sold by August 2026" }, "components": { "actuators": "7-DoF arms, 6-DoF legs, 3-DoF waist and 2-DoF neck with joint encoders.", "hands": "H5_C five-finger tendon-driven hands, 6 DoF each (2-DoF thumb and coupled fingers) with adaptive grasping. Interchangeable end-effectors also include an electromagnetic gripper for metal parts and a 1-DoF gripper; about 6 kg with both arms.", "sensors": "RGB stereo camera, depth camera, 6-axis IMU and joint encoders.", "battery": "48 V, 17,000 mAh pack charged directly in about 2.5 hours.", "software": "Linux with Cyclone DDS, C++ and Python APIs; reinforcement and imitation learning; comes with a master arm for teleoperation, a remote-control app and a data platform.", "other": "154 cm and 56 kg. Safety features include force limiting, collision detection, e-stop and a collaborative mode; Wi-Fi and BLE. Commercialised in November 2025; an IGRIS-C+ with in-house actuators and 15-20 kg payload was planned for August 2026.", "sources": [ "hs-e2229bcec4", "hs-f5a2944c35", "hs-39f129b668" ] }, "production": { "built": "36 units produced in total by August 2026 (18 for R&D, demos and customer tests)", "sold": "18 sold by August 2026, including 9 supplied under paid contracts through the Korea Robot Industry Association's humanoid demonstration project", "where": "Seoul, South Korea", "customers": "Nine organisations in semiconductor cleanrooms, car plants and cold-chain food logistics (via three demonstration consortia)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-08-19", "title": "ROBROS sends nine IGRIS-C bipeds to factories", "summary": "ROBROS is supplying nine IGRIS-C units to semiconductor, car and food-logistics sites, taking sales to 18 and production to 36.", "publisher": "Venture Square", "url": "https://www.venturesquare.net/en/1106965/" }, { "date": "2026-06-19", "title": "ROBROS targets factories and logistics with IGRIS-C", "summary": "At NextRise 2026, ROBROS said IGRIS-C was commercialised in November 2025 and an IGRIS-C+ carrying 15-20 kg would follow in August.", "publisher": "Korea Industrial Daily (kidd)", "url": "https://kidd.co.kr/news/246398" } ], "availability": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "regions": "South Korea; the maker says enquiries from other countries are welcome", "how": "Catalogue request and contact form on the maker's site; no store, lease plan or distributor list. Orders go through the maker directly.", "support": "After-sales service request form and an FAQ on the maker's site; warranty terms are not stated", "source": "https://www.robros.co.kr/ko/igrisc" }, "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "open", "how": "Public developer center with operation, maintenance and basic motion development guides; the product page lists Linux, Cyclone DDS and C++ and Python APIs", "note": "No SDK download or GitHub repository found on the maker's pages when checked.", "sdkUrl": "https://www.robros.co.kr/ko/developers", "source": "https://www.robros.co.kr/ko/igrisc" }, "video": { "id": "LxrAhssGiyU", "title": "Meet IGRIS-C at COEXㅣROBROS", "channel": "ROBROS" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/robros-igris-c-2025.jpg", "author": "ROBROS", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.robros.co.kr/en/igrisc", "page": "https://www.robros.co.kr/en/igrisc", "kind": "maker", "w": 353, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "k-scale-kbot-2025", "name": "K-Bot", "maker": "K-Scale Labs", "makerId": "k-scale-labs", "country": "United States", "year": 2025, "date": "2025", "status": "discontinued", "purpose": [ "research", "education", "home" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 140, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 8999, "priceNote": "$8,999 Founder's Edition (first 100 units); deposits refunded when the company closed.", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Fully open-source humanoid (hardware CAD and Rust-based K-OS) at under $10,000.", "deployments": "Began shipping Founder's Edition units in Oct 2025; only a handful delivered before shutdown in Nov 2025.", "summary": "1.4 m open-source humanoid from a Palo Alto start-up that ran out of money; all designs were released under open licenses when it closed.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-c3dc31d14f", "hs-36b197df98" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025", "event": "K-Scale launch of K-Bot pre-orders", "url": null }, "released": { "date": "2025-10", "note": "Founder's Edition shipped Oct 2025; company closed Nov 2025" }, "components": { "software": "Open hardware and software developer platform: public mechanical and electrical designs, OS integration, policy inference, and the K-Sim reinforcement-learning library (MuJoCo/JAX).", "other": "Component specs only found on wiki aggregators; not included.", "sources": [ "hs-36b197df98" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Over 130 pre-orders (about $2M booked) and five robots in customer hands by October 2025 before the company closed in November 2025 and refunded deposits (AI Engineer).", "where": "United States" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-11", "title": "K-Scale Labs shuts down", "summary": "Financing failed; customers were told orders would be refunded.", "publisher": "AI Engineer", "url": "https://www.ai.engineer/orgs/k-scale-labs" }, { "date": "2025-10", "title": "First K-Bots reach customers", "summary": "Five robots were in customer hands as of October 2025.", "publisher": "AI Engineer", "url": "https://www.ai.engineer/orgs/k-scale-labs" } ], "video": { "id": "IU--YylT3Mk", "title": "Your First Personal Robot", "channel": "K-Scale Labs" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/k-scale-kbot-2025.jpg", "author": "K-Scale Labs", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250608221251/https://shop.kscale.dev/products/kbot", "page": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250608221251/https://shop.kscale.dev/products/kbot", "kind": "maker", "w": 621, "h": 828 } }, { "id": "booster-k1-2025", "name": "K1", "maker": "Booster Robotics", "makerId": "booster", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "education", "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 95, "weightKg": 19.5, "dof": 22, "speedKmh": 1.4, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 1.3, "priceUsd": 14999, "priceNote": "$14,999 MSRP on the RoboCup program page ($9,999 team price); other reports cite $5,900-5,999 for a basic version.", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Official KidSize RoboCup platform.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 95 cm, 19.5 kg kid-size humanoid for schools and robot soccer, with 30-80 minutes of battery depending on version.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-d69339cb53", "hs-5758d976d1" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025", "event": "Booster launch", "url": null }, "released": { "date": "2025", "note": "on sale" }, "components": { "actuators": "22 DoF (legs 6 x 2, arms 4 x 2, head 2); torque-controlled joints with dual encoders; max knee torque 60 Nm.", "sensors": "Stereo 3D camera, 9-axis IMU, microphone array, speaker, tactile sensors.", "compute": "Three tiers: Qualcomm QCS8550 (48 TOPS, Geek), NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 8 GB (117 TOPS, Edu), NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin 32 GB (200 TOPS, Pro).", "battery": "2 Ah (Geek) or 5 Ah (Edu/Pro); about 30 to 80 minutes; charges in under 1 hour.", "software": "Python, ROS and ROS 2 SDK and API.", "other": "Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5.2, Gigabit Ethernet; marketed as 'RoboCup 2025 Champion Edition'; 95 cm, 19.5 kg.", "sources": [ "hs-5758d976d1", "hs-d69339cb53", "hs-5a49c9aa1d", "hs-c5c70e670f" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Over 1,000 K1 shipped to date (company, April 2026).", "where": "More than 20 countries (company).", "customers": "About 400 clients including RoboCup teams (company)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-07-09", "title": "Booster robots used by 38 of 59 RoboCup 2026 teams", "summary": "Booster says its robots took all RoboCup 2026 championship titles.", "publisher": "Booster Robotics", "url": "https://www.booster.tech/" }, { "date": "2026-04-19", "title": "Booster robot finishes half marathon in 1:53", "summary": "Booster posted the result from the 2026 Beijing humanoid half marathon.", "publisher": "Booster Robotics", "url": "https://www.booster.tech/" }, { "date": "2026-04-17", "title": "Booster raises nearly 1 billion yuan", "summary": "Q1 2026 shipments rose 500% year on year; K1 passed 1,000 units in 20+ countries (company).", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/market-industry/embodied-ai-company-booster-robotics-completes-nearly-1-billion-financing-2046225660790435840" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "Booster K1 and T1 to be sold in Japan by Switch Science", "summary": "Booster Robotics demonstrated its small T1 and K1 humanoids at iREX 2025; Switch Science is to sell them in Japan for a price in the mid-¥2 million range.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2512/18/news014.html" } ], "availability": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "how": "Three editions (Geek, Education, Professional) bought through the online store on the maker's site", "support": "Warranty 3 months (Geek) or 1 year (Education, Professional); Support and Repair page and service terms on the maker's site", "note": "The maker's pages list no sales regions.", "source": "https://www.booster.tech/booster-k1" }, "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "open", "how": "Public developer guide with Python and C++ SDKs, a ROS 2 SDK, on-robot agent framework, K1 training and deployment code (MuJoCo, Webots), and robot models", "note": "No developer kit price published; the three K1 editions differ in compute and battery.", "sdkUrl": "https://github.com/BoosterRobotics/booster_robotics_sdk", "source": "https://docs.booster.tech/developer-guide/" }, "buy": { "url": "https://www.booster.tech/booster-k1/", "type": null, "label": "Buy Now / Inquire (leads to Booster inquiry form)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "SiXZYbIDvRw", "title": "The future is open. Meet Booster K1: The humanoid robot platform #BoosterK1 #EmbodiedAI #R", "channel": "Booster Robotics (@BoosterRobotics)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/booster-k1-2025.jpg", "author": "Booster Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.booster.tech/booster-k1/", "page": "https://www.booster.tech/booster-k1/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 554 } }, { "id": "mirsee-robotics-mh3-2025", "name": "MH3", "maker": "Mirsee Robotics", "makerId": "mirsee", "country": "Canada", "year": 2025, "date": "2025", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 31, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 10, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "In phased deployment with manufacturing partners as of 2026.", "summary": "Third-generation humanoid from a Cambridge, Ontario maker, with 31 degrees of freedom, a high-payload mobile base, wireless charging and 10-hour runtime, run by teleoperation or AI. It follows the MH1 (2021, 28 DoF) and MH2 (2023, 24 DoF, omnidirectional base), which were teleoperated only. Body details beyond arms, hands and mobile base are not published.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-c2c2086893" ], "canada": "Built by Mirsee Robotics in Cambridge, Ontario; clients listed include the National Research Council of Canada and Canada's Defence IDEAS programme.", "firstShown": { "date": "2025", "event": "Mirsee Robotics release", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "partner deployments only; price not published" }, "components": { "actuators": "Not itemised for MH3. Maker says it has 31 degrees of freedom and power-off brakes; Mirsee's own component line includes a BLDC motor controller and its M-Drive actuator, but the site does not say which parts go into MH3.", "hands": "Maker calls the arms and hands 'best in class' but gives no DoF count, drive type or grip force. Mirsee also lists custom grippers and gravity-compensation assemblies among its engineering products.", "sensors": "Not published for MH3. Mirsee's Hadron vision system (custom stereo camera, haptic and tactile feedback) is part of its product line, but the link to MH3 is not stated.", "compute": "Not published for MH3. Mirsee's Hadron vision system runs on an NVIDIA Jetson processor with an FPGA video pipeline, and its robots use a System Management Controller as a hub; whether MH3 carries these is not stated.", "battery": "Maker claims about 10 hours of runtime with wireless charging (MH2: 8 hours with hot-swappable batteries; MH1: 6 hours). Capacity and voltage not published.", "materials": "Not published.", "software": "Runs under remote teleoperation, AI control, or the two combined (maker calls it AI autonomy with teleoperation). MH1 and MH2 were teleoperation-only. Mirsee says any mainstream VR headset can serve as a control interface and lists ROS and Gazebo among its tools.", "other": "Maker describes a high-payload mobile base and an inherently stable, strong-but-safe design aimed at hazardous and hard-to-staff jobs.", "sources": [ "hs-c2c2086893", "hs-1dc1a2b022", "hs-e1b46ec544", "hs-82419b1be5" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not on open sale; in phased deployment with strategic manufacturing partners, with more partnerships considered selectively from mid-2026 (maker). Price not published.", "where": "Cambridge, Ontario, Canada", "customers": "Client logos on Mirsee's site include Eclipse Automation, Stanford University, Apple TV+, Paramount+, XPRIZE, Canada's Defence IDEaS programme (DND) and the National Research Council Canada; none are tied to MH3 specifically." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-10", "title": "Mirsee joins Eclipse Automation tech showcase", "summary": "Mirsee was one of 14 industry partners giving live demonstrations at Eclipse Automation's Cambridge, Ontario facility for Manufacturing Leadership Council members.", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2025/10/21/eclipse-automation-demonstrates-cyber-physical-systems-to-manufacturing-leadership-council-members/95684/" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/mirsee-robotics-mh3-2025.jpg", "author": "Mirsee Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://mirsee.com/", "page": "https://mirsee.com/", "kind": "maker", "w": 900, "h": 600 } }, { "id": "hightorque-mini-pi-plus-2025", "name": "Mini Pi+ (π+)", "maker": "HighTorque Robotics (高擎机电)", "makerId": "hightorque", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "education", "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 75.6, "weightKg": 15, "dof": 27, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Sold through HighTorque's inquiry form; no list price on the maker page", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Offered to RoboCup humanoid teams through a league partnership in 2026.", "summary": "A small open-SDK bipedal humanoid, 75.6 cm and 15 kg with 23 or 27 degrees of freedom depending on configuration and 1-2 hours of runtime, sold for research, education and robot soccer. DoF and runtime are the maker's headline maximums.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-fc7e8ee6bb", "hs-8c7431c044" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/hightorque-mini-pi-plus-2025.jpg", "author": "HighTorque Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.hightorquerobotics.com/mini-pi", "page": "https://www.hightorquerobotics.com/mini-pi", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 667 } }, { "id": "foundation-phantom-2025", "name": "Phantom (MK-1)", "maker": "Foundation Future Industries", "makerId": "foundation-future-industries", "country": "United States", "year": 2025, "date": "2025", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial", "military" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": 80, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 6.1, "payloadKg": 20, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Leased at about $100,000 per robot per year (reported); a database lists $150,000 purchase (unconfirmed). MK-2 price not published.", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "One of the first humanoids openly marketed for defense use; two units sent to Ukraine for logistics and reconnaissance tests.", "deployments": "US Pentagon research contracts worth $24 million (reported); industrial pilots in consumer goods, beverage and glass manufacturing.", "summary": "San Francisco start-up's humanoid with eight cameras and cycloidal actuators, aimed at factories and the military; an MK-2 followed.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-94a781cdf3", "hs-10eb2a0be3" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025", "event": "Company reveal of Phantom", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "leased to industrial and government customers" }, "components": { "actuators": "Proprietary cycloid actuators: 160 Nm peak, under 1 Nm back-drive torque, under 10 ms response, 48 V/72 V; joint torques wrist 20 Nm, shoulder 119 Nm, legs over 160 Nm.", "hands": "Not published.", "sensors": "Eight cameras, no LiDAR disclosed (The Next Web via Let's Data Science).", "compute": "Upper torso houses computers; Foundation's 'Cortex' AI handles perception and autonomy.", "battery": "In the upper torso; capacity not published.", "software": "Cortex AI; Foundation describes a physics-action model.", "other": "80 kg, 1.7 m/s; company page lists 40 kg payload while other sources give 20 kg (44 lb); 19 upper-body DoF.", "sources": [ "hs-c8f9b7217c", "hs-94a781cdf3", "hs-f2e97ffcc2", "hs-bd064df4e3", "hs-10eb2a0be3" ] }, "production": { "built": "Planned about 40 robots in 2025, 10,000 in 2026 and 40,000 in 2027 (company plan, Dec 2025).", "sold": "Leased, not sold; two MK-1 units sent to Ukraine in February 2026 for testing (The Next Web, via Let's Data Science).", "where": "United States, Ukraine (testing)", "customers": "US Army, Navy and Air Force research contracts ($24M, 2026); pilots in consumer goods, beverage and glass manufacturing" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-04-26", "title": "$24M in Pentagon research contracts", "summary": "Foundation won Army, Navy and Air Force awards to test humanoids.", "publisher": "Let's Data Science", "url": "https://letsdatascience.com/news/foundation-future-industries-secures-24m-pentagon-contract-7f3db995" }, { "date": "2026-02", "title": "Two Phantoms sent to Ukraine", "summary": "Units went for logistics and reconnaissance testing, per The Next Web.", "publisher": "Let's Data Science", "url": "https://letsdatascience.com/news/foundation-future-industries-secures-24m-pentagon-contract-7f3db995" }, { "date": "2025-12-17", "title": "Military humanoid production plan", "summary": "Foundation planned 10,000 robots in 2026, leased to the US military and industry.", "publisher": "Assembly Magazine", "url": "https://www.assemblymag.com/articles/99717-start-up-aims-to-make-humanoid-robots-for-military" } ], "availability": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "note": "The maker's pages list no sales regions, purchase or lease terms, or support terms. They mention pilots in consumer goods, beverage and glass manufacturing.", "source": "https://www.foundation.bot/phantom" }, "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "none-found", "note": "No SDK, API or developer pages on the maker's site when checked.", "source": "https://www.foundation.bot/" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/foundation-phantom-2025.jpg", "author": "Waves1234", "license": "CC0", "licenseUrl": "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Foundation_Future_Industries_Phantom_mk1.jpg", "article": "File:Foundation Future Industries Phantom mk1.jpg", "w": 640, "h": 426 }, "buyNone": "No buy, lease or waitlist page: foundation.bot shows only 'Subscribe for updates'; leases are reportedly signed directly with industrial and government customers." }, { "id": "dexmate-vega-2025", "name": "Vega", "maker": "Dexmate", "makerId": "dexmate", "country": "United States", "year": 2025, "date": "2025", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "industrial", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 75000, "priceNote": "Vega 1 Pro at $75,000 on Dexmate’s own shop, labelled 2026 promotional pricing (checked 12 October 2026); hands or grippers cost extra. The earlier pre-order price was $89,999.", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Wheeled humanoid with a height-adjustable torso and two arms for research and light industrial work.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-fa596126ec", "hs-9c184f33a0" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025", "event": "Dexmate launch", "url": null }, "released": { "date": "2025", "note": "pre-orders open" }, "components": { "actuators": "24 DoF total with two 7-DoF arms; brakes on major joints.", "hands": "DexGripper S (1.0 kg) or D (1.4 kg): 60 N grasp force, 55-degree opening.", "sensors": "Hardware-synchronised sensors for aligned training data; detachable close-range vision camera.", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson Thor (128 GB, about 2,070 AI TFLOPS).", "battery": "4.8 kWh, about 20 hours (16+ at full AI load).", "materials": "Three-section folding torso reaching from floor to over 2 m.", "software": "Common software foundation with SDK and API via DexHub; real-time self-collision checking, out-of-limit command blocking and software e-stop.", "other": "Wheeled base; each arm carries about 5 kg (10-15 lb) in any pose; 2.2 m workspace reach.", "sources": [ "hs-e9a511fa65", "hs-4681aca51d", "hs-9c184f33a0" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Paid deployments (Moonlake); unit count not published.", "where": "United States, South Korea, Japan", "customers": "Research labs and firms shown by Dexmate include Harvard, Berkeley, Columbia, Princeton, LG and Samsung SDS; NEC (investor, 2026)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-08-25", "title": "NEC fund invests in Dexmate", "summary": "NEC's corporate venture fund made an undisclosed investment and plans joint physical-AI work.", "publisher": "The AI Insider", "url": "https://theaiinsider.tech/?p=50975" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://shop.dexmate.com/products/vega", "type": "store", "label": "Order from Dexmate shop", "price": "$75,000.00 USD (Vega 1 Pro, '2026 Promotional Pricing', excludes end effectors; ~4-week lead time); Vega 1 U $42,000.00 USD", "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/dexmate-vega-2025.jpg", "author": "Dexmate", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.dexmate.com/", "page": "https://www.dexmate.com/", "kind": "maker", "w": 900, "h": 506 } }, { "id": "ubtech-walker-c-2025", "name": "Walker C", "maker": "UBTECH Robotics", "makerId": "ubtech", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "retail", "social" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 163, "weightKg": 43, "dof": 20, "speedKmh": 6, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Debuted at Guangdong Province's 2025 Spring Festival gala and worked as a tour guide at Expo 2025 Osaka.", "summary": "A lighter full-size walking humanoid for guided tours, greeting and announcements in malls, offices, exhibition halls and transport hubs; about 2 hours of walking per charge.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-b58ae42c29" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025", "event": "Guangdong Province Spring Festival gala 2025", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "sold for commercial service; price not published" }, "components": { "actuators": "Electric-driven; 20 degrees of freedom in total (maker). Joint split and motor type not published. Each arm weighs 5 kg with a 500 mm span.", "hands": "Not described on the maker page.", "sensors": "Two RGB-D cameras, an all-scenario binocular camera, two structured-light 3D cameras and a high-precision IMU (maker). Microphone hardware not listed.", "compute": "Not published.", "battery": "48 V 15 Ah lithium battery; about 2 hours walking or 4 hours standing per charge; 1.5-hour charge (maker figures).", "materials": "Not published.", "software": "UBTECH's self-developed embodied interactive large model with multilingual support, U-SLAM navigation for autonomous tour routes, AI obstacle detection, an AI curator mode with adaptive narration, voice broadcasting and custom database Q&A; open joint-control and communication interfaces.", "other": "Wi-Fi and Bluetooth.; A follow-on service humanoid, Walker C1, was launched in 2026", "sources": [ "hs-b58ae42c29", "hs-c5dbc783be", "hs-095858ad2b" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sold for commercial guiding and reception; price not published.", "customers": "Tour guide at the China Pavilion, Expo 2025 Osaka; greeter at Strawberry Music Festival 2025; guest welcome at Guangdong Province's 2025 Spring Banquet in Hong Kong (maker)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-05", "title": "UBTECH follows Walker C with Walker C1 service humanoid", "summary": "UBTECH launched the Walker C1 full-size service robot in Shenzhen, aimed at public-facing roles, with its public debut planned for the China International Supply Chain Expo in June.", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/limx-luna-ubtech-walker-c1/" }, { "date": "2025-05-01", "title": "UBTECH Walker C appears at the China Pavilion, Expo 2025 Osaka", "summary": "Moriyama filmed UBTECH's Walker C humanoid at the China Pavilion of Expo 2025 Osaka, Kansai.", "publisher": "YouTube (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7KWcaltJkq4" }, { "date": "2025", "title": "Walker C guides visitors at Expo 2025 Osaka", "summary": "UBTECH lists Walker C as a tour guide in the China Pavilion at Expo 2025 Osaka, after welcoming guests at Guangdong's 2025 Spring Banquet.", "publisher": "UBTECH Robotics", "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/humanoid/products/walker-c" } ], "video": { "id": "ZyUDaRwDtuc", "title": "Meet UBTECH Humanoid Service Robot Walker C: Your First #embodied AI “Tour Guide” !", "channel": "UBTECH Robotics", "display": true } }, { "id": "ubtech-walker-s2-2025", "name": "Walker S2", "maker": "UBTECH Robotics", "makerId": "ubtech", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 15, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Can swap its own battery in about three minutes, allowing round-the-clock shifts; first humanoid to report orders above 800 million yuan in a year.", "deployments": "Mass delivery began in November 2025 (BYD, Geely, FAW-Volkswagen, Dongfeng Liuzhou, Foxconn and others); UBTECH sold 1,079 full-size humanoids in 2025 and 921 in the first half of 2026.", "summary": "UBTECH's main factory humanoid, with a dual-battery system it can swap by itself and a 15 kg payload. Height, weight and DOF were not confirmed from a primary source in this pass.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-36aeee5769", "hs-e0464d9412", "hs-3b4d7f24d8", "hs-9f9881da05" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025", "event": "UBTECH launch", "url": null }, "released": { "date": "2025-11-17", "note": "mass production and delivery of the first several hundred units began" }, "components": { "actuators": "High-power, high-torque waist servo: 15 kg payload, waist rotation +/-162 degrees, pitch 125 degrees, 0-1.8 m handling workspace. Total DoF and torque values are in an image-only spec table.", "sensors": "Pure-RGB binocular stereo vision in the head with deep-learning stereo depth estimation for real-time dense depth maps.", "battery": "Dual standardized battery modules; runs in dual or single mode; autonomous hot-swap in about 3 minutes; chooses swap or charge by task priority; backup battery takes over if main fails.", "software": "Co-Agent industrial agent (intent understanding, task planning, tool use, anomaly handling); BrainNet 2.0 swarm intelligence for coordinated line work; whole-body dynamic balance.", "other": "Third-party listings give 176 cm, 52 DoF and a 48 V LiFePO4 pack; not confirmed in UBTECH text.", "sources": [ "hs-36aeee5769", "hs-e0464d9412", "hs-9f9881da05", "hs-3b4d7f24d8", "hs-dfa12eec2d", "hs-1a4e9b6acb" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Mass production and delivery began 17 Nov 2025 with a first batch of several hundred; target 500 deliveries in 2025, capacity 5,000 in 2026 and 10,000 in 2027 (company). UBTECH sold 921 full-size humanoids in H1 2026 (company, all Walker models).", "where": "China; Europe (Germany via Terra Robotics) from 2026.", "customers": "BYD, Dongfeng Liuzhou, Geely, FAW-Volkswagen Qingdao, Audi FAW, BAIC New Energy, Foxconn, SF Express (2025, company); SANY Renewable Energy wind plant; ROSSMANN logistics centres via Terra Robotics (2026)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-01", "title": "UBTECH sells 921 full-size humanoids in H1 2026", "summary": "Full-size humanoid revenue reached 590 million yuan, 46.5% of total (company figures).", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/market-industry/ubtech-reports-127-billion-yuan-in-first-half-revenue-sells-921-full-size-humanoid-robots-2094660109459607553" }, { "date": "2026-07-13", "title": "Walker S2 heads to ROSSMANN logistics centres in Europe", "summary": "Distributor Terra Robotics bought several dozen units for a long-term pilot.", "publisher": "UBTECH Robotics", "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/about/news/826574022332485" }, { "date": "2026-01-09", "title": "Omdia puts UBTECH third in 2025 humanoid shipments", "summary": "Omdia estimated about 1,000 UBTECH humanoids shipped in 2025.", "publisher": "TechNode", "url": "https://technode.com/2026/01/09/chinas-agibot-leads-global-humanoid-robot-shipments-in-2025-omdia-says/" }, { "date": "2025-11-17", "title": "Walker S2 mass delivery begins", "summary": "UBTECH started shipping the first several hundred Walker S2 units; Walker orders in 2025 passed 800 million yuan (company figure).", "publisher": "AAP / Cision", "url": "https://www.aap.com.au/aapreleases/cision20251117ae25955/" }, { "date": "2025-07-17", "title": "Walker S2 swaps its own battery in 3 minutes", "summary": "UBTECH calls it the first humanoid able to change its battery autonomously for 24/7 work.", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2025/07/17/ubtech-humanoid-robot-autonomous-battery-swap/" } ], "availability": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "how": "Orders go through the maker directly; no public order page. The product page invites enquiries and partner sign-up through a contact form.", "support": "Downloads center, product brochure and a phone line with weekday hours (China time).", "note": "The page names no sales regions or warranty terms.", "source": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/humanoid/products/walker-s2" }, "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "none-found", "note": "No SDK, API or developer pages for Walker S2 on the maker's product page when checked. The Yanshee developer site on the maker's pages belongs to a different product line.", "source": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/humanoid/products/walker-s2" }, "buy": { "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/humanoid/products/walker-s2", "type": null, "label": "Contact UBTECH (inquiry form)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "TNryO2uasws", "title": "Meet UBTECH New-Gen of Industrial Humanoid Robot——Walker S2", "channel": "UBTECH Robotics", "display": true } }, { "id": "realbotix-aria-2025", "name": "Aria", "maker": "Realbotix", "makerId": "realbotix", "country": "United States", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-01", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "social", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 175000, "priceNote": "$175,000 for the full-standing version on a rolling base; a head-and-neck bust was quoted at $10,000 and a modular version at $150,000 (Interesting Engineering)", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A lifelike companion android with a realistic face driven by 17 motors in the head and neck. The full-standing version rolls on a wheeled base, and swappable faces change its personality.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-ed95ab1637", "hs-d69885b7b6" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-01", "event": "CES 2025, Las Vegas", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/meet-aria-humanoid-robot-girlfriend" }, "released": { "date": "2025-01", "note": "Offered for sale in three versions at CES 2025; shipping volumes not published" }, "components": { "actuators": "17 motors in the head and neck drive the mouth, eyes and facial expressions; the full-standing version moves on a rolling base.", "sensors": "Realbotix offers a patented Vinci vision system for eye contact, recognising who it is talking to and reading emotional cues (described for its current Echo line).", "software": "Conversational AI that remembers users; RFID tags identify each swappable face and Aria switches personality to match.", "other": "Three versions at CES 2025: head-and-neck bust (US$10,000), modular (US$150,000) and full-standing on a wheeled base (US$175,000).", "sources": [ "hs-ed95ab1637", "hs-463ce253d6", "hs-172db17c6f" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Offered for sale from CES 2025; shipments not published", "where": "Las Vegas, Nevada, United States (Realbotix says its robots are made in the USA)", "customers": "Pilot with an unnamed European telecom company for live presentations (September 2026)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-03", "title": "Realbotix starts pilot with European telecom firm", "summary": "Realbotix said a European telecom company is piloting its robots for live presentations and events.", "publisher": "Realbotix", "url": "https://www.realbotix.ai/" }, { "date": "2025-01-14", "title": "Aria shown at CES priced up to $175,000", "summary": "Interesting Engineering reported Aria's three versions, 17 face and neck motors and swappable RFID-tagged faces.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/meet-aria-humanoid-robot-girlfriend" }, { "date": "2025-01-07", "title": "Realbotix unveils new robots at CES 2025", "summary": "Realbotix announced its CES 2025 line-up and said its robots are manufactured in the USA.", "publisher": "Silicon UK (press release)", "url": "https://www.silicon.co.uk/press-release/realbotix-unveils-new-robotic-technology-at-ces-2025" } ], "video": { "id": "MFhwx3jJw90", "title": "Meet Aria: Realbotix's Not-So-Average Robot Companion", "channel": "Realbotix" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/realbotix-aria-2025.jpg", "author": "Realbotix", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.realbotix.com/gallery", "page": "https://www.realbotix.com/gallery", "kind": "maker", "w": 667, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "58-intelligent-da-sheng-d12-2025", "name": "Da Sheng D12", "maker": "58 Intelligent Technology (Wuba Intelligent Tech)", "makerId": "58-intelligent", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-01", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": 55, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Two units were trialled in January 2025 at Changhong's smart-manufacturing park in Mianyang, carrying boxes, labelling parts and scanning barcodes; a reported $5.5 million order followed in late 2025 (buyer undisclosed).", "summary": "A full-size biped from Hangzhou's 58 Intelligent Technology, a maker better known for quadrupeds, aimed at factory work, with demos of directing traffic and mock fire response. Reports disagree on its joint count (38 in Chinese press, 42 in a trade blog), so it is left blank.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-cc962978c1", "hs-af9ae1fe79" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-01", "event": "On-site trials at Changhong smart-manufacturing park, Mianyang (the Chinese report does not name the maker; link to 58 Intelligent comes from the trade blog)", "url": "https://www.rmzxw.com.cn/c/2025-01-03/3657146.shtml" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "reported bulk order, late 2025" }, "components": { "actuators": "Self-developed integrated joints, including high power-density rotary joints and high-thrust linear joints (People's Daily); reinforcement-learning motion control.", "software": "Developed with the Changhong AI Laboratory on vision, full-scene perception and autonomous navigation for tool use and task execution.", "other": "1.7 m and about 55 kg; walks at up to 6 km/h with up to 30 kg payload (People's Daily). Reports give 38 or 42 DoF. Demos included directing traffic and a mock fire response.", "sources": [ "hs-af9ae1fe79", "hs-cc962978c1" ] }, "production": { "built": "A robot base under construction in Mianyang was designed for over 2,000 robot units a year (People's Daily, Jan 2025); the company reportedly arranged capacity for up to 20,000 units a year", "sold": "A reported order of about US$5.5 million (buyer undisclosed), late 2025", "where": "Hangzhou, China; production base in Youxian High-tech Zone, Mianyang, Sichuan", "customers": "Trials on assembly lines at Sichuan Changhong's smart-manufacturing park in Mianyang" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-12-13", "title": "Da Sheng D12 wins large industrial order", "summary": "A trade blog reported a roughly US$5.5 million order for the D12 and described 58 Intelligent's NORINCO backing and quadruped line.", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/58-intelligent-da-sheng-d12/" }, { "date": "2025-01-03", "title": "Dasheng humanoids tested on Changhong assembly line", "summary": "People's Daily reported two 1.7 m Dasheng robots carrying boxes, labelling and scanning barcodes in Mianyang ahead of batch production.", "publisher": "People's Daily", "url": "https://www.rmzxw.com.cn/c/2025-01-03/3657146.shtml" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/58-intelligent-da-sheng-d12-2025.jpg", "author": "58 Intelligent Technology (Wuba Intelligent Tech)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://58znkj.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/uploads/images/202602/5d0f062e403a2eabf105434aacdcfd72.png", "page": "https://58znkj.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/uploads/images/202602/5d0f062e403a2eabf105434aacdcfd72.png", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 603 } }, { "id": "discover-robotics-airbot-mmk2-2025", "name": "AIRBOT MMK2", "maker": "DISCOVER Robotics", "makerId": "discover", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-01-13", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "education", "retail", "home" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 180, "weightKg": 77, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 1.5, "batteryHours": 5, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled two-armed robot from Tsinghua AIR spin-off DISCOVER Robotics, with a 2-DoF head carrying a depth camera, a lift that raises the arms through 0.91 m and lidar navigation, sold mainly for embodied-AI research and teleoperated data collection. Each 6-DoF AIRBOT Play arm carries 1.5 kg with a gripper; total height is 1.8 m and weight up to 77 kg.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-12e705d5bd", "hs-c3e778535d", "hs-aef8f15a1d" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-01-13", "event": "Earliest dated public reference found: DISCOVERSE open-source release including an MMK2 robot model (AIRBOT series launched Feb 2024; MMK2 may predate this)", "url": "https://github.com/DISCOVER-Robotics/DISCOVERSE" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "On sale via the maker and its Taobao store; price not stated on the product page." }, "components": { "actuators": "Two 6-DoF AIRBOT Play arms (position, torque and velocity control, 240 W max each), a 2-DoF head (pitch and yaw) and a lift with 0.91 m travel at 0.1 m/s on a differential-drive base.", "hands": "Two AIRBOT G2 parallel grippers (0-60 mm opening, 20 N grip force, 595 g); each arm carries 1.5 kg with 647 mm reach and +/-0.1 mm repeatability.", "sensors": "Intel RealSense D435i depth camera in the head and a chassis lidar.", "battery": "48 V, 20 Ah lithium-ion pack (about 960 Wh) for at least 5 hours.", "software": "Python SDK on ROS 2; DISCOVERSE simulator for sim-to-real; exoskeleton-backpack and VR teleoperation for data collection; DISCOVER's LOOP data engine and ORION foundation model.", "other": "1.8 m tall, up to 77 kg; 1.66 m total reach; base speed up to 1.2 m/s.", "sources": [ "hs-12e705d5bd", "hs-c3e778535d" ] }, "production": { "sold": "On sale through DISCOVER and dealers; volumes not published", "where": "China (DISCOVER Robotics, Tsinghua AIR spin-off)", "customers": "Sold mainly to research, education and data-collection users; none named" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-01-13", "title": "DISCOVERSE simulator released with MMK2 model", "summary": "DISCOVER Robotics open-sourced its DISCOVERSE simulator, which includes an MMK2 robot model for sim-to-real work.", "publisher": "GitHub (DISCOVER Robotics)", "url": "https://github.com/DISCOVER-Robotics/DISCOVERSE" } ], "video": { "id": "4VJqingGhMQ", "title": "AIRBOT MMK2 | Dual-Arm Robot Deployed in Retail Stores!Precise object grasping, the future", "channel": "DISCOVER Robotics (@DISCOVERRobotics)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/discover-robotics-airbot-mmk2-2025.jpg", "author": "DISCOVER Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.discover-robotics.com/en/products/mmk2", "page": "https://www.discover-robotics.com/en/products/mmk2", "kind": "maker", "w": 714, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "waseda-airec-2025", "name": "AIREC (Dry-AIREC)", "maker": "Waseda University / JST Moonshot program", "makerId": "waseda-university", "country": "Japan", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-02", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "care", "healthcare", "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": 150, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Not for sale; Waseda estimates a cost of at least 10 million yen (about $67,000).", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Showed a humanoid rolling a lying person onto their side, a core nursing task, in a 2025 demo.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 150 kg AI-driven care humanoid on a wheeled base being developed for Japan's carer shortage, for repositioning, hygiene help and mobility support. Date is the earliest public demo found, not necessarily first build.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-23f4cbe61c", "hs-e83def6164" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-02", "event": "Waseda lab demonstration (Reuters)", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/japan-tests-airec-robot-easing-elderly-care" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research prototype" }, "components": { "actuators": "Built on Tokyo Robotics' Torobo humanoid platform; compliance mode regulates joint stiffness and impedance control governs force.", "sensors": "Somatosensory (touch/force) and optical sensors; RGB camera feeding a convolutional autoencoder that extracts spatial attention points.", "software": "EIPL deep-learning architecture predicting future states; SKNet attention over joint angles and torques; motion-capture direct teaching synchronised with an operator.", "other": "Part of Japan's JST Moonshot Goal 3 programme; project now led by Tetsuya Ogata (FY2026), earlier by Shigeki Sugano.", "sources": [ "hs-e83def6164", "hs-66729fd020" ] }, "production": { "built": "Research prototype; Waseda targets care-facility readiness around 2030." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-03-01", "title": "AIREC demonstrated rolling a patient for care tasks", "summary": "Waseda's 150 kg robot is still in testing; cost estimated at 10 million yen or more.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/japan-tests-airec-robot-easing-elderly-care" } ], "video": { "id": "zkH7gKHYcok", "title": "Dry-AIREC基本性能（Basic Performance Introduction）", "channel": "AIREC Waseda" }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/waseda-university.png", "author": "Waseda University", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waseda_University_Logo.png", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waseda_University_Logo.png", "article": "File:Waseda University Logo.png" } }, { "id": "hust-jingchu-1-2025", "name": "Jingchu-1", "maker": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Ding Han team) / Hubei Jingchu Humanoid Robot Co.", "makerId": "huazhong-university-of-science", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-02-05", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial", "education", "retail" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": 65, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Production began in Wuhan in June 2025, and by December 2025 the company was selling made-to-order units from a showroom in the East Lake high-tech zone.", "summary": "A full-size biped from academician Ding Han's team at HUST in Wuhan, with over 40 degrees of freedom, linear ball-screw drives in the legs, an expressive 20-DoF bionic head and electronic skin on the fingertips. It debuted with Hubei's 'Chucai' robot series in February 2025 and went into production in Wuhan that June.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-5917d27830", "hs-f6090b1f71", "hs-7f9ef0d066", "hs-4e6620eaac" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-02-05", "event": "Hubei provincial conference, Wuhan, with nine other 'Chucai' series humanoids", "url": "https://www.news.cn/photo/20250205/36457a7909794cd9927f8ab8f7b52ab1/c.html" }, "released": { "date": "2025-06", "note": "mass production started June 2025; Hubei Jingchu Humanoid Robot Co. set up May 2025 and sells four 'Jingchu family' models" }, "components": { "actuators": "Linear drive modules in the legs, which the company says make it walk more steadily and carry heavier loads.", "other": "Shown among Hubei's ten 'Chucai' humanoids in Wuhan on 5 February 2025; went through four iterations between February and June 2025. Sold in four 'Jingchu Family' models for education, industry, commerce and tourism.", "sources": [ "hs-7f9ef0d066", "hs-4e6620eaac" ] }, "production": { "built": "Mass production started by June 2025; made to order, unit numbers not published", "sold": "Sales described as good by People's Daily (December 2025); no figures", "where": "Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, China", "customers": "Commercial agreement with Hubei Cultural Tourism Group for tourism sites" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-12-11", "title": "Jingchu robot company turns lab work into products", "summary": "People's Daily said Hubei Jingchu Humanoid Robot Co., set up in May 2025, makes four models to order and signed a deal with Hubei Cultural Tourism Group.", "publisher": "People's Daily", "url": "https://www.peopleapp.com/column/30050952620-500007250407" }, { "date": "2025-06-16", "title": "Jingchu humanoid enters mass production", "summary": "Economic Daily via Xinhua reported that the HUST team's robot had started mass production in Wuchang with deployments expected from Q3 2025.", "publisher": "Xinhua (Economic Daily)", "url": "https://www.news.cn/tech/20250616/468f4b1a616c4289ac83933491fbba2e/c.html" }, { "date": "2025-02-05", "title": "Hubei's Chucai humanoids debut in Wuhan", "summary": "Ten humanoids from four Hubei teams, including Jingchu, were shown at a provincial conference.", "publisher": "Xinhua", "url": "https://www.news.cn/photo/20250205/36457a7909794cd9927f8ab8f7b52ab1/c.html" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/hust-jingchu-1-2025.jpg", "author": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Ding Han team) / Hubei Jingchu Humanoid Robot Co.", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://design.hust.edu.cn/__local/F/90/AD/C1CD3F23BFC172CC24804DE8B89_9243D1DD_1B6589.jpg?e=.jpg", "page": "https://design.hust.edu.cn/__local/F/90/AD/C1CD3F23BFC172CC24804DE8B89_9243D1DD_1B6589.jpg?e=.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 750 } }, { "id": "humanoid-hmnd-01-wheeled-2025", "name": "HMND 01 (wheeled Alpha)", "maker": "Humanoid (SKL Robotics Ltd)", "makerId": "humanoid", "country": "United Kingdom", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-02-12", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics", "retail" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": 70, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 5.4, "payloadKg": 15, "batteryHours": 4, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Leading UK-built general-purpose humanoid.", "deployments": "Industrial pilots targeted; company aims for a fully certified product by late 2027.", "summary": "Modular UK humanoid first teased in a February 2025 video; the Alpha prototype was shown on a wheeled base later in 2025, which the firm says gets most of its engineering effort. Specs are company claims.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-f6bd0ebc2c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-02-12", "event": "Humanoid unveils HMND 01 (wheeled and bipedal alphas planned for 2025)", "url": "https://siliconcanals.com/uks-humanoid-unveils-hmnd-01/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not for sale" }, "components": { "actuators": "High-torque actuators (no figures);", "hands": "Modular end effectors chosen per job; works from ground level to 1.5 m with 1.5 m reach.", "sensors": "Not itemised for the wheeled version.", "compute": "NVIDIA compute;", "battery": "About 4 hours per charge.", "materials": "Interchangeable protective garments; modular upper/lower body.", "software": "KinetIQ four-layer stack: System 3 fleet coordinator, System 2 VLM reasoning, System 1 proprietary VLA, System 0 whole-body controller.", "other": "29 DoF excluding end effectors; 15 kg payload (next version 20 kg); some core tasks at about 80% of human speed and success (reported).", "sources": [ "hs-f6bd0ebc2c", "hs-fed93c2d67" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Pre-orders and deployment deals; 34,000 pre-orders reported in September 2026 (company-reported via Forbes).", "where": "United Kingdom, Germany, Europe", "customers": "Schaeffler (at least 1,000 robots reported), Bosch, Siemens; SAP and Martur Fompak automotive logistics proof of concept" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-08", "title": "34,000 pre-orders and $2.4B pipeline reported", "summary": "Humanoid's press list cites Forbes on its pre-order book (company-reported figures).", "publisher": "Humanoid (SKL Robotics Ltd)", "url": "https://thehumanoid.ai/" }, { "date": "2026-07-21", "title": "$152M Series A at $1.35B valuation", "summary": "Humanoid's press list cites Reuters and Forbes on the round.", "publisher": "Humanoid (SKL Robotics Ltd)", "url": "https://thehumanoid.ai/" }, { "date": "2026-05-13", "title": "Schaeffler deal for up to 2,000 robots", "summary": "Humanoid's press list cites Reuters on robots for Schaeffler plants.", "publisher": "Humanoid (SKL Robotics Ltd)", "url": "https://thehumanoid.ai/" }, { "date": "2025-02-12", "title": "HMND 01 unveiled", "summary": "Humanoid revealed its first robot with 15 kg payload and about 4 hours runtime.", "publisher": "Silicon Canals", "url": "https://siliconcanals.com/uks-humanoid-unveils-hmnd-01/" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://thehumanoid.ai/hmnd-01-alpha-wheeled/", "type": "waitlist", "label": "Get Early Access (industrial applications)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/humanoid-hmnd-01-wheeled-2025.jpg", "author": "Humanoid (SKL Robotics Ltd)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://thehumanoid.ai/", "page": "https://thehumanoid.ai/", "kind": "maker", "w": 364, "h": 374 } }, { "id": "mentee-robotics-menteebot-v3-2025", "name": "MenteeBot V3.0", "maker": "Mentee Robotics", "makerId": "mentee", "country": "Israel", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-02-12", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 5.4, "payloadKg": 25, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "In 2025 the company showed two units autonomously picking boxes and placing them on racks in a logistics demo.", "summary": "The third MenteeBot generation, 1.75 m tall, with in-house actuators, 360-degree vision from back and fisheye side cameras, redesigned hands with 30 N pinch force per finger and a backpack-sized hot-swappable battery for round-the-clock work. It was teased at CES 2025 and launched in a February 2025 clip from co-founder Amnon Shashua.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-68bb40f195", "hs-70705bc43b" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-02-12", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/mentee-robotics-menteebot-v3-2025.jpg", "author": "Mentee Robotics (Mentee by Mobileye)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.menteebot.com", "page": "https://www.menteebot.com", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "clone-protoclone-2025", "name": "Protoclone V1", "maker": "Clone Robotics", "makerId": "clone", "country": "Poland", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-02-20", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "research", "home" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 200, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Musculoskeletal android moved by about 1,000 artificial 'Myofiber' muscles over a polymer skeleton.", "deployments": null, "summary": "Faceless anatomical android from a Polish-American start-up, shown hanging and twitching in a viral 2025 video; it was not shown walking. The firm talks of a small 'Clone Alpha' run (unconfirmed).", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-a6240d9d5a", "hs-a02869424e" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-02-20", "event": "Protoclone V1 reveal video", "url": "https://circuitdigest.com/news/clone-robotics-unveils-protoclone-a-milestone-in-musculoskeletal-android-technology" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not for sale" }, "components": { "actuators": "About 1,000 Myofiber artificial muscles (water-pressure driven, Clone claims 30% contraction in under 50 ms); Protoclone V1 ran pneumatically with a move to hydraulics planned; Clone Alpha design uses a 500 W pump.", "hands": "26 DoF across each hand-wrist-elbow combination (Clone Alpha description).", "sensors": "About 500 sensors (Protoclone); four depth cameras (Clone Alpha).", "compute": "Edge GPU (not named).", "battery": "Clone says the android runs on water and electricity; capacity not published.", "materials": "Polymer skeleton with 206 bone analogues and artificial ligaments; soft-bodied design.", "software": "Cybernet visuomotor foundation model; natural-language interaction.", "other": "Over 200 DoF claimed for Protoclone V1.", "sources": [ "hs-a6240d9d5a", "hs-d8f6a13af1", "hs-4b208e195e" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Reservations for the first 279 Clone Alpha units; none confirmed delivered." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-02-20", "title": "Protoclone V1 video", "summary": "Clone showed its faceless musculoskeletal android with 1,000 Myofibers.", "publisher": "Circuit Digest", "url": "https://circuitdigest.com/news/clone-robotics-unveils-protoclone-a-milestone-in-musculoskeletal-android-technology" }, { "date": "2024-12-05", "title": "Clone Alpha pre-orders announced", "summary": "Clone opened orders for the first 279 units.", "publisher": "Maginative", "url": "https://www.maginative.com/article/meet-clone-alpha-a-humanoid-robot-built-with-synthetic-organs-and-artificial-muscles/" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://www.clonerobotics.com/pre-order/", "type": "preorder", "label": "Reserve Clone Alpha (limited 279 units)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "H7dhwFcuUn0", "title": "Protoclone: Bipedal Musculoskeletal Android V1", "channel": "Clone" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/clone-protoclone-2025.jpg", "author": "Clone Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.clonerobotics.com/android/", "page": "https://www.clonerobotics.com/android/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "1x-neo-gamma-2025", "name": "NEO Gamma", "maker": "1X Technologies", "makerId": "1x", "country": "Norway", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-02-21", "status": "retired", "purpose": [ "home" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 165, "weightKg": 30, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Tested in employee and partner homes in 2025.", "summary": "Sleeker redesign of NEO Beta with a knitted suit, shown doing household chores; the bridge to the consumer NEO.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-a138a9ca88" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-02-21", "event": "1X announcement and reveal video", "url": "https://www.1x.tech/discover/introducing-neo-gamma" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not for sale" }, "components": { "actuators": "Tendon-drive joint actuation under soft covers.", "hands": "Not specified for Gamma (1X's 25-DoF tendon hand was announced separately in July 2026).", "sensors": "Four beamforming microphones (front, back, left, right) with echo cancellation; neural networks run on raw sensor data.", "compute": "Not published.", "battery": "Not published.", "materials": "Seamless 3D-knitted soft nylon suit and shoes made on a Japanese whole-garment knitting machine; soft covers over joints.", "software": "Reinforcement-learned whole-body controller at 100 Hz trained on human motion capture; visual manipulation model trained from teleoperated actions; chest speaker for AI voice.", "other": "About 10 dB quieter than its predecessor (refrigerator level), per 1X.", "sources": [ "hs-a138a9ca88", "hs-976479cd90" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not sold; R&D and research collaborations (e.g. NVIDIA GEAR Lab chores research).", "where": "United States, Norway" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-03-18", "title": "1X and NVIDIA research collaboration", "summary": "1X described work with NVIDIA's GEAR Lab teaching NEO Gamma household chores.", "publisher": "1X Technologies", "url": "https://www.1x.tech/discover" }, { "date": "2025-02-21", "title": "NEO Gamma introduced", "summary": "1X showed a quieter, soft-suited NEO with a learned whole-body controller.", "publisher": "1X Technologies", "url": "https://www.1x.tech/discover/introducing-neo-gamma" }, { "date": "2025-01-27", "title": "1X acquires Kind Humanoid", "summary": "1X announced it had acquired US startup Kind Humanoid.", "publisher": "1X Technologies", "url": "https://www.1x.tech/discover" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/1x-neo-gamma-2025.jpg", "author": "1X Technologies", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.1x.tech/discover/introducing-neo-gamma", "page": "https://www.1x.tech/discover/introducing-neo-gamma", "kind": "maker", "w": 900, "h": 528 } }, { "id": "noetix-n2-2025", "name": "N2", "maker": "Noetix Robotics", "makerId": "noetix", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-03", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "education", "entertainment", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 118, "weightKg": 30, "dof": 18, "speedKmh": 12.6, "payloadKg": 5, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": 5500, "priceNote": "CNY 39,000-39,900 (about $5,500) at launch; US resellers list about $18,000.", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "A child-sized humanoid shown doing continuous backflips.", "deployments": "Over 2,500 orders reported.", "summary": "A 1.18 m, 30 kg acrobatic humanoid with 18 joints, aimed at schools and entertainment.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-30132bc503", "hs-c99122cd03" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-03", "event": "Noetix reveal video (continuous backflips)", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-startup-humanoid-robot-continuous-backflip" }, "released": { "date": "2025", "note": "on sale in China" }, "components": { "actuators": "18 DoF (reported).", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson module (reported from leaked details; model not stated).", "other": "About 20 kg (reported); claimed running speed 7.2 mph.", "sources": [ "hs-30132bc503", "hs-2fe3f57ef8" ] }, "production": { "where": "China; Noetix targets 1,000 overseas units by Q2 2026 across products (company)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-03-02", "title": "Noetix closes Series B of nearly 1 billion yuan", "summary": "Its ninth round; Bumi orders reached several thousand by end-2025 with deliveries from March 2026 (company).", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/seeds-noetix-robotics-closes-series-b-funding-2028663311418028032" }, { "date": "2026-02", "title": "N2 appears in CCTV Spring Festival Gala skit", "summary": "N2 performed alongside Bumi on the national broadcast (Gasgoo).", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/seeds-noetix-robotics-closes-series-b-funding-2028663311418028032" }, { "date": "2025-03-15", "title": "Noetix N2 shown doing continuous backflips", "summary": "Expected price 39,000 yuan; the team says it is heading to mass production.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-startup-humanoid-robot-continuous-backflip" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://www.noetixrobotics.com/contact", "type": null, "label": "Purchase cooperation form (Chinese)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "xPSY3HaT1eY", "title": "Starting at $7999 NOETIX ROBOTICS Unveils Backflipping Humanoid Robot N2", "channel": "Noetix Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/noetix-n2-2025.jpg", "author": "Noetix Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.noetixrobotics.com/en/detail/N2", "page": "https://www.noetixrobotics.com/en/detail/N2", "kind": "maker", "w": 963, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "ubtech-xhumanoid-tiangong-xingzhe-2025", "name": "Tiangong Xingzhe (Tien Kung Walker)", "maker": "UBTECH Robotics and Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center (X-Humanoid)", "makerId": "ubtech", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-03", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "education" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": null, "dof": 20, "speedKmh": 10, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 41310, "priceNote": "RMB 299,000 (about $41,310, converted by heise); shipped without hands", "hands": "none", "firsts": "Pitched as one of the first life-size humanoids sold specifically to researchers, at roughly half the price of a Unitree H1.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A roughly 1.7 m research humanoid built jointly by UBTECH and X-Humanoid, with titanium parts to save weight and a build meant to survive falls during testing. It ships with depth cameras, lidar and an Nvidia Jetson Orin computer, and gives researchers open access to its motors and sensors.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-25cbeb49fd" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-03", "event": "Joint UBTECH / X-Humanoid launch with pre-orders (reported by heise, March 2025)", "url": "https://heise.de/-10315912" }, "released": { "date": "2025", "note": "deliveries planned from Q2 2025" }, "components": { "actuators": "Powerful electric joint actuators; 20 DoF without hands.", "hands": "Multi-finger hands are supported but the robot initially ships without hands; collaborative dual-arm system.", "sensors": "Depth cameras, lidar and six-axis force sensors.", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson Orin (heise), expandable up to 550 TOPS.", "materials": "Titanium alloy in critical parts to save weight; built to survive falls during research testing.", "software": "Researchers get full access to motor, sensor and motion interfaces, with development guides and sample code; motion control handles slopes, steps, sand and snow and compensates for impacts.", "other": "About 1.7 m tall; up to 10 km/h. Priced at RMB 299,000 (about US$41,310), positioned as a lower-cost research humanoid.", "sources": [ "hs-25cbeb49fd" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Pre-orders from March 2025 with deliveries planned from Q2 2025; volumes not published", "where": "China (UBTECH, Shenzhen, with the Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center)", "customers": "Research institutes and universities (target market); none named" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-03-14", "title": "UBTECH and X-Humanoid launch research humanoid at about $41,000", "summary": "heise reported the Tiangong Walker's RMB 299,000 price, Jetson Orin compute and Q2 2025 deliveries, without hands at first.", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://heise.de/-10315912" } ], "video": { "id": "9UlQ4xDXL-Q", "title": "New Action added: Walker Tienkung in Real-World Demo with Wave, Run, and Dance!", "channel": "UBTECH EDUCATION", "display": true } }, { "id": "muks-spaceo-pro-2025", "name": "Spaceo Pro", "maker": "Muks Robotics", "makerId": "muks", "country": "India", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-03-06", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 210, "weightKg": 60, "dof": 20, "speedKmh": 5.4, "payloadKg": 5, "batteryHours": 4, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Offered for pilot bookings on the maker's page as of 2026; no named customer found.", "summary": "Pune-built 'enterprise humanoid' with a 2-DoF head, two 6-DoF arms, a rotating waist and a wheeled base whose height adjusts from 162.5 to 210 cm (maximum used here); each arm lifts 5 kg and the base trolley carries up to 200 kg. Unveiled with the Spaceo M1 in March 2025, and Muks' June 2025 demo video shows a working unit carrying boxes and navigating an office.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-83d5dbe110", "hs-76740174c5", "hs-3fe3fcb33d" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-03-06", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" } }, { "id": "agibot-lingxi-x2-2025", "name": "Lingxi X2", "maker": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)", "makerId": "agibot", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-03-11", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "social", "education" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 131, "weightKg": 35, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A small, agile general-purpose humanoid running AgiBot's GO-1 model. Size figures (about 1.31 m, 35 kg) come from a third-party listing.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-c6292e0291", "hs-149d02b6e4" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-03-11", "event": "AgiBot launch video", "url": "https://www.newsfilecorp.com/release/244108" }, "released": { "date": "2025", "note": "sold by AgiBot" }, "components": { "actuators": "PowerFlow joints; peak joint torque 120 Nm; 25 DoF (X2) or 30 DoF (X2 Ultra): 6 per leg, 5-7 per arm, 3 waist, 0-1 neck.", "hands": "No hands as standard; OmniHand and OmniPicker end-effectors sold separately for Ultra only.", "sensors": "Interactive RGB camera and head touch sensor; Ultra adds multi-line 3D LiDAR, RGB-D camera, front dual RGB and rear RGB cameras; microphone array.", "compute": "2x Rockchip RK3588; Ultra adds NVIDIA Orin NX (157 TOPS). Xyber-DCU listed as a core component.", "battery": "About 500 Wh, about 2 hours walking at 0.5 m/s; swappable or direct charge; <=1.5 h charge; 54.6 V 10 A charger; Xyber-BMS.", "materials": "Flexible outer material on the body (AgiBot).", "software": "AgiBot GO-1 foundation model; multimodal interaction model reading facial expression and voice tone; OTA and mobile app; autonomous navigation on Ultra.", "other": "Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, optional 4G/5G; up to 1.8 m/s; -10 to 40 C operation; 131 cm, 35-39 kg.", "sources": [ "hs-a969a0a96e", "hs-c6292e0291", "hs-01de3f87a4", "hs-50a6da1c1c" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Omdia: 5,168 AgiBot humanoids shipped in 2025 (all models). AgiBot (citing IDC): over 8,600 shipped in H1 2026; 20,000 cumulative robots produced by Sept 2026 (company). No per-model split.", "where": "China; shown abroad (MWC Barcelona 2026, CES 2026).", "customers": "ASD (SZSE 002403) cookware stores: 100 X2 units in 100 shops across China (Sept 2026, company)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-30", "title": "IDC: AgiBot led H1 2026 humanoid shipments", "summary": "AgiBot shipped over 8,600 humanoids (about 35% of ~25,000) and reached 20,000 cumulative units in September 2026 (company release citing IDC).", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.AGIBOT.com/article/231/detail/125.html" }, { "date": "2026-09-28", "title": "100 X2 robots go into ASD cookware stores", "summary": "One X2 per store greets shoppers and recommends products before handing off to staff.", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.AGIBOT.com/article/231/detail/124.html" }, { "date": "2026-03-04", "title": "AgiBot X2 dances at Nojima's MIRAI ROBO SQUARE", "summary": "Moriyama filmed an AgiBot X2 dance demonstration at Nojima's new robot showroom in Shinagawa, Tokyo.", "publisher": "YouTube (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCUw1QYb_jA" }, { "date": "2025-03-11", "title": "AgiBot launches Lingxi X2", "summary": "Small humanoid that rides scooters and cycles, built on the GO-1 model.", "publisher": "Newsfile", "url": "https://www.newsfilecorp.com/release/244108" } ], "availability": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "how": "Buyers submit their details on the maker's site and a sales team or partner follows up; the maker also links an online store", "support": "User guide, document center and a published support-period document; warranty terms are not stated", "note": "The product page lists no sales regions. The page names the product AgiBot X2.", "source": "https://www.agibot.com/products/X2" }, "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "none-found", "how": "The page lists open-source material for the older X1 and the AimRT framework, and an embodied AI development platform", "note": "The X2 spec table marks secondary development as not supported for the X2 and supported for the X2 Ultra. No X2 SDK or API pages found on the maker's site when checked.", "source": "https://www.agibot.com/products/X2" }, "buy": { "url": "https://store.agibot.com/products/x2", "type": "store", "label": "Buy X2 Neo from AgiBot store (X2 Ultra/EDU: contact sales)", "price": "$25,600.00 USD (X2 Neo)", "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/agibot-lingxi-x2-2025.jpg", "author": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://store.agibot.com/products/x2", "page": "https://store.agibot.com/products/x2", "kind": "maker", "w": 900, "h": 900 } }, { "id": "dobot-atom-2025", "name": "Atom", "maker": "Dobot (Shenzhen Yuejiang Technology)", "makerId": "dobot", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-03-18", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial", "retail", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 153, "weightKg": 62, "dof": 28, "speedKmh": 5.4, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 27500, "priceNote": "CNY 199,000 (about $27,500) at launch; resellers list variants up to $53,000.", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "First humanoid from a major listed robot-arm maker; claims 0.05 mm arm repeatability.", "deployments": "Piloted in car factories, electronics plants and coffee shops before launch.", "summary": "A 1.53 m humanoid from a cobot company, using a straight-knee gait it says saves about 42% energy. DOF excludes hands; walking speed is from a reseller.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-ee939cfd84", "hs-33391547de" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-03-18", "event": "Dobot launch and pre-orders", "url": "https://heise.de/-10320328" }, "released": { "date": "2025", "note": "pre-orders from launch; mass production mid-2025" }, "components": { "actuators": "Proprietary Dobot actuators and motion control; base model 28 DoF (upper body); ATOM Max 41 DoF; control at 200 Hz and end-to-end policy at 24 Hz; +/-0.05 mm control precision.", "hands": "ATOM Max: 6-DoF dexterous hands; other versions take dexterous hands or grippers.", "sensors": "Binocular RGB vision; Max/D versions add Intel RealSense D455 depth camera and a 60 fps Full HD camera.", "compute": "Edge AI system", "software": "Neuro-Driven Dexterity System (NDS), Anthropomorphic Walking System (AWS), Robot Operator Model-1 (ROM-1, 100M parameters); Max adds URDF models, open-source training framework, VR/MR teleoperation.", "other": "Bent-knee standing posture said to cut energy use by about 42%.", "sources": [ "hs-33391547de", "hs-a84f92379f", "hs-44ea25a990" ] }, "production": { "where": "China and export via Dobot's global channels (sales enquiries)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-06-11", "title": "Asuka demos teleoperated Dobot Atom at RTJ2026", "summary": "Asuka, Dobot's authorised Japanese dealer under its UNI-ROBO brand, showed teleoperation and imitation-learning demos with the Atom humanoid at Robot Technology Japan 2026.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2606/30/news015.html" }, { "date": "2025-03-18", "title": "Dobot announces Atom humanoid at about $27,500", "summary": "1.53 m robot with 28 DoF; mass production planned for 2025.", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://heise.de/-10320328" }, { "date": "2024-12-23", "title": "Nanshan-based robotics firm Dobot raises US$87.6M in HK IPO", "summary": "Dobot listed on HKEX (2432) on December 23, 2024; Shenzhen Daily reported HK$681 million raised.", "publisher": "Shenzhen Daily / People's Government of Nanshan District", "url": "https://www.szns.gov.cn/english/business/industrialnews/content/post_11920168.html" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://www.dobot-robots.com/products/humanoid-robots/atom.html", "type": null, "label": "Contact Dobot experts (form, sales email)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "CrDyoVR2dnk", "title": "✨ Dobot Atom: Our First Humanoid Robot! 🤖", "channel": "Dobot Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/dobot-atom-2025.jpg", "author": "Dobot (Shenzhen Yuejiang Technology)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.dobot-robots.com/products/humanoid-robots/atom.html", "page": "https://www.dobot-robots.com/products/humanoid-robots/atom.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "pudu-flashbot-arm-2025", "name": "FlashBot Arm", "maker": "Pudu Robotics", "makerId": "pudu", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-03-31", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "logistics", "retail", "healthcare" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 144, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 15, "batteryHours": 8, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Shown statically at iREX 2025 in Tokyo; no sales or deployment figures found.", "summary": "Pudu's FlashBot delivery robot with two liftable 7-DoF arms and Pudu's own DH11 dexterous hands added, so it can press lift buttons, swipe cards and open doors while delivering in hotels, offices and hospitals. Pudu calls it a semi-humanoid; it has a wheeled base, a closed delivery compartment and a touchscreen rather than a distinct head. Height is from the listed dimensions; the 15 kg payload and 8 h no-load runtime are maker figures.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-8b5f7126eb", "hs-63b88e3767", "hs-458cea9acc" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-03-31", "event": "Pudu press release, Shenzhen", "url": "https://kyodonewsprwire.jp/release/202503316574" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "product page live; price and availability not published" }, "components": { "actuators": "Two liftable 7-DoF arms on a wheeled delivery base; whole-body control coordinates chassis, arms and hands; operating diameter up to 2 m.", "hands": "PUDU DH11 dexterous hands with 11 DoF each (6 active, 5 passive) for pressing lift buttons, swiping access cards, opening doors, grasping and carrying.", "sensors": "RGB-D cameras, lidar, panoramic cameras and pressure-sensitive skin; VSLAM plus laser SLAM for 3D mapping and obstacle avoidance.", "battery": "About 8 hours of work (no load); 4-hour charge; returns to its charger automatically.", "software": "LLM-based conversation, task decomposition and planning, and multi-robot coordination; voice, expression and gesture interaction; 10.1-inch touch screen.", "other": "539 x 515 x 1,440 mm; enclosed dual-door delivery compartment with 15 kg payload; needs 65 cm path width. For hotels, offices, restaurants, retail and healthcare.", "sources": [ "hs-8b5f7126eb", "hs-63b88e3767" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Price and availability not published", "where": "Shenzhen, China (Pudu Robotics)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-03-31", "title": "Pudu unveils semi-humanoid FlashBot Arm", "summary": "Pudu added two 7-DoF arms and its DH11 hands to the FlashBot so it can use lifts and doors while delivering.", "publisher": "PR Newswire via Kyodo News PR Wire", "url": "https://kyodonewsprwire.jp/release/202503316574" } ], "video": { "id": "WvhUxlcuZAI", "title": "Introducing FlashBot Arm: Semi-Humanoid Embodied AI Service Robot | Pudu Robotics", "channel": "Pudu Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/pudu-flashbot-arm-2025.jpg", "author": "Pudu Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.pudurobotics.com/en/products/flashbot-arm", "page": "https://www.pudurobotics.com/en/products/flashbot-arm", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/pudu.png", "author": "Shenzhen Pudu Technology Co., Ltd.", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pudu_Robotics_Logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pudu_Robotics_Logo.svg", "article": "File:Pudu Robotics Logo.svg" } }, { "id": "borg-robotics-borg-01-2025", "name": "Borg 01", "maker": "Borg Robotics", "makerId": "borg", "country": "United States", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-04", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 173, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 12, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A modular industrial humanoid from a Detroit startup that can switch between walking on two legs and rolling on a wheeled base, with swappable end effectors.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-893af130b3", "hs-7918b85d7d" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-04", "event": "Company reveal (Humanoids Daily report dated 2025-04-13)", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/borg-robotics-reveals-modular-borg-01-humanoid-focused-on-industrial-work" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Maker site lists its robots as in development; 173 cm is the biped height and 12 h per battery swap is for the wheeled configuration" }, "components": { "actuators": "In-house 'Actuator 02', claimed to give 270 Nm from a 1.6 kg package, designed and built in Detroit.", "hands": "Swappable end-effectors changed autonomously, including vacuum grippers and five-finger hands; an optional four-arm setup for the wheeled version.", "battery": "Up to 12 hours per battery swap in the wheeled configuration.", "other": "173 cm as a biped; switches autonomously between legs and a wheeled base (wheeled preferred for efficiency). Part of a Borg system with an autonomous pallet jack, forklift and a 30 kg mobile cobot.", "sources": [ "hs-893af130b3", "hs-7918b85d7d" ] }, "production": { "sold": "In development; launch was targeted for Q2 2025", "where": "Detroit, Michigan, United States" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-04-13", "title": "Borg Robotics reveals modular Borg 01", "summary": "The Detroit start-up showed a humanoid that switches between legs and wheels with swappable end-effectors and its own 270 Nm actuator.", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/borg-robotics-reveals-modular-borg-01-humanoid-focused-on-industrial-work" } ] }, { "id": "chery-aimoga-mornine-2025", "name": "Mornine (AiMOGA M1)", "maker": "AiMOGA Robotics (Chery)", "makerId": "aimoga", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-04", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "retail", "social" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 167, "weightKg": 70, "dof": 40, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": 41400, "priceNote": "CNY 285,800 (about $41,400) in online sales from 13 April 2026; in 2025 Chery said it cost about the same as a car.", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Sold online from April 2026 for car-showroom sales, reception and training roles.", "summary": "Chery's showroom humanoid, 1.67 m and 70 kg with 40 DOF (excluding hands), able to open car doors and be teleoperated by VR. Reveal date not confirmed in this pass.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-b250149008", "hs-78a84c4d88" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-04", "event": "Auto Shanghai 2025, Chery booth", "url": "https://electrek.co/2025/05/05/chery-deploying-blonde-humanoid-robots-called-mornine-to-sell-cars-video/" }, "released": { "date": "2026-04-13", "note": "online sales in China via JD.com; earlier dealer deployments in 2025 (220 promised to dealers)" }, "components": { "hands": "Flexible hands able to serve drinks; dual-hand cooperation and car-door opening.", "sensors": "One 3D LiDAR, two depth cameras, one wide-angle camera, four ultrasonic radars (2026 sales spec); surround-view cameras in the 'sunglasses'.", "battery": "0.7 kWh; about 2 hours of work on about 2 hours of charging.", "software": "VR remote operation; voice Q&A about vehicles for showroom sales and reception.", "other": "167 cm, 70 kg, 40 DoF excluding hands, 1 m/s, 1.5 kg arm load.", "sources": [ "hs-b250149008", "hs-78a84c4d88", "hs-932490dcf8", "hs-37ef4749cd" ] }, "production": { "sold": "AiMOGA delivered 300 humanoids and 1,000 robot dogs by end-2025, and over 3,000 robots in total by July 2026 including 2,000 overseas (company, all models).", "where": "60+ countries and regions (company); China online sales via JD.com from April 2026; Malaysia dealership pilot (2025).", "customers": "Chery/OMODA dealerships (e.g. Kuala Lumpur, 2025); 300+ signed dealers; 110 police robots in Chinese cities (H1 2026, separate model)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-08-19", "title": "AiMOGA prepares IPO, targets 10,000 deliveries in 2027", "summary": "Chery's robot unit says it operates in more than 60 countries.", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2026/08/19/chery-aimoga-prepares-ipo/" }, { "date": "2026-07-30", "title": "AiMOGA marks 2,000th overseas delivery", "summary": "Ceremony held in Wuhu, Anhui.", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2026/07/30/chery-aimoga-2000th-overseas-robot-delivery/" }, { "date": "2026-04-13", "title": "Chery starts selling Mornine online at 285,800 yuan", "summary": "Sold, leased or financed via a JD.com flagship store.", "publisher": "CarNewsChina", "url": "https://carnewschina.com/2026/04/13/chery-begins-online-sales-of-humanoid-robot-with-a-0-7-kwh-battery-at-41400-usd/" }, { "date": "2025-05-05", "title": "Chery puts Mornine robots into showrooms", "summary": "Shown at Auto Shanghai 2025; Chery promised 220 robots to dealers in 2025.", "publisher": "Electrek", "url": "https://electrek.co/2025/05/05/chery-deploying-blonde-humanoid-robots-called-mornine-to-sell-cars-video/" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://www.aimoga-robot.com/global/en/contactPurchase/", "type": null, "label": "Purchase inquiry (AiMOGA)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "4_3VuaBqzLs", "title": "AiMOGA robot Mornine debuted at a Belt and Road conference as the AI Operations Officer", "channel": "AiMOGA Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/chery-aimoga-mornine-2025.jpg", "author": "AiMOGA Robotics (Chery)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.aimoga-robot.com/global/images/mornine/banner7.webp", "page": "https://www.aimoga-robot.com/global/images/mornine/banner7.webp", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 625 } }, { "id": "kawasaki-foxconn-nurabot-2025", "name": "Nurabot", "maker": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries with Foxconn (Hon Hai)", "makerId": "kawasaki", "country": "Japan", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-04", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "healthcare", "care", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Trials began in April 2025 at Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; market launch targeted for fiscal 2026.", "summary": "A self-driving nurse-assistant robot built on Kawasaki's Nyokkey social-robot platform, with two grasping arms and a cargo compartment, that carries specimens and medicine, guides visitors and gives patients hygiene advice; Foxconn wrote the software. Whether it has a human-like head is not stated in the source.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-ebf2389cc4", "hs-c2697d8949" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-04", "event": "Hospital trials start, Taichung Veterans General Hospital; public presentation at Computex, May 2025", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2025/07/04/kawasaki-develops-nurse-assistant-robot-with-foxconn/92886/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "market launch targeted for fiscal 2026" }, "components": { "actuators": "Not published. Two grasping arms on a self-driving wheeled base, combining Kawasaki's Nyokkey social-robot platform with its industrial-robot technology.", "hands": "Two arms that can grasp objects; gripper design not described.", "sensors": "High-resolution cameras and other sensors for environment awareness and safe navigation (per NVIDIA-sourced reporting); models and counts not published.", "compute": "Reported to run on NVIDIA AI and robotics platforms with real-time processing; specific chips not named in the sources read.", "battery": "Not published.", "materials": "Not published.", "software": "Software developed with Foxconn; perception, autonomous navigation and natural-language interaction. Specific AI models not named in the sources read.", "other": "Has a cargo compartment. Tasks: carrying blood-test specimens and medicine, guiding visitors, and patient hygiene education. Kawasaki says this was the first medical use of Nyokkey outside Japan.", "sources": [ "hs-ebf2389cc4", "hs-c2697d8949" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not yet sold; market launch targeted for fiscal 2026 (Kawasaki). Price not announced.", "customers": "Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan (verification trials from April 2025; also named as co-developer)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "Nurabot shown at iREX 2025, market launch targeted for fiscal 2026", "summary": "Kawasaki displayed the Nyokkey-based nursing-assistant robot Nurabot, co-developed with Foxconn, and said it aims to bring it to market in fiscal 2026.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2512/23/news026.html" }, { "date": "2025-07-04", "title": "Kawasaki details Nyokkey-based nurse robot with Foxconn", "summary": "Kawasaki said the robot combines its Nyokkey platform with Foxconn software, began hospital trials in April 2025, and targets a fiscal 2026 launch.", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2025/07/04/kawasaki-develops-nurse-assistant-robot-with-foxconn/92886/" }, { "date": "2025-05-20", "title": "Nurabot shown at Computex with NVIDIA", "summary": "Foxconn, NVIDIA and Kawasaki presented the AI nursing robot at Computex, saying it took routine tasks off nurses in trials.", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2025/05/20/foxconn-and-nvidia-partner-to-develop-ai-powered-nursing-robot/91022/" }, { "date": "2025-04", "title": "Trials start at Taichung Veterans General Hospital", "summary": "Verification experiments of the nurse-assistant robot began at the Taiwanese national hospital.", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2025/07/04/kawasaki-develops-nurse-assistant-robot-with-foxconn/92886/" } ], "video": { "id": "3YbyqaV0CDI", "title": "Foxconn Builds Robotics for Healthcare With NVIDIA Physical AI", "channel": "NVIDIA (@NVIDIA)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kawasaki-foxconn-nurabot-2025.jpg", "author": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries with Foxconn (Hon Hai)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://global.kawasaki.com/en/corp/newsroom/news/images/news_250704-1.jpg", "page": "https://global.kawasaki.com/en/corp/newsroom/news/images/news_250704-1.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 400, "h": 300 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/kawasaki.png", "author": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kawasaki_Heavy_Industries_Logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kawasaki_Heavy_Industries_Logo.svg", "article": "File:Kawasaki Heavy Industries Logo.svg" } }, { "id": "ti5robot-t170a-2025", "name": "T170A", "maker": "Ti5Robot (Ti5 Robot Shanghai)", "makerId": "ti5robot", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-04", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "education", "retail" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": 58, "dof": 44, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 1.5, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A full-size biped from Shanghai joint-module maker Ti5Robot, sold for research, teaching and showroom reception, with 6-DoF dexterous hands. The maker gives 42 or 44 DoF depending on the head option (44 used here) and a payload of 1.5 kg per arm.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-e99a3505ba", "hs-7d424dd903" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-04", "event": "Global debut at Hannover Messe 2025 (with the wheeled T170D)", "url": "https://electronicspecifier.com/news/events-news/ti5robot-to-debut-new-humanoids-in-hannover-messe-2025" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "now sold as the T170A V2" }, "components": { "actuators": "30 or 32 Ti5 CRA-RI series joint modules with harmonic reducers, 18-bit encoders and CAN/EtherCAT bus; 42 or 44 DoF (head 1 or 3, waist 3, arms 7 each, legs 6 each).", "hands": "Aoyi (OYMotion) 6-DoF dexterous hands carrying 3 kg each; arm payload 1.5 kg; optional six-axis wrist force/torque sensors.", "sensors": "Intel RealSense D435i depth camera in the head, IMU, optional 360-degree obstacle sensor and optional wrist force/torque sensors.", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin 64GB developer kit.", "battery": "48 V, 10 Ah pack (runtime not stated).", "materials": "Aluminium-alloy structure; aluminium and ABS shell.", "software": "Secondary-development guide for researchers.", "other": "1.75 m, 58 kg, 1.5 m arm span. Debuted with the wheeled T170D at Hannover Messe 2025; now sold as T170A V2.", "sources": [ "hs-e99a3505ba", "hs-7d424dd903" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sold for research, teaching and reception", "where": "Minhang District, Shanghai, China" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-04-02", "title": "Ti5Robot brings T170A to Hannover Messe", "summary": "Ti5Robot said it would debut the T170A biped and wheeled T170D in Hannover alongside 11 lightweight joint modules.", "publisher": "Electronic Specifier", "url": "https://electronicspecifier.com/news/events-news/ti5robot-to-debut-new-humanoids-in-hannover-messe-2025" } ], "video": { "id": "EZY_NYbXyEo", "title": "IO-AI Tech X Ti5Robot T170A", "channel": "IO-AI Tech" } }, { "id": "bhric-tiangong-ultra-2025", "name": "Tiangong Ultra", "maker": "Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center (X-Humanoid) with UBTECH", "makerId": "beijing-humanoid-innovation-center", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-04", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 180, "weightKg": 52, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Won the world's first humanoid half marathon (Beijing, 19 April 2025) in 2:40:42, and the 100 m at the 2025 World Humanoid Robot Games.", "deployments": "Ran 100 m in 9.39 s in a heat at the 2026 World Humanoid Robot Games.", "summary": "A long-legged 1.8 m racing humanoid that held about 10 km/h over 21 km with three battery swaps.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-7d860618b0", "hs-932c51c71b", "hs-c8d160552e" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-04", "event": "Beijing E-Town humanoid half marathon", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not sold" }, "components": { "software": "Three simulation-trained motion-control strategies, a different one used in each sprint race (Reuters).", "other": "About 75 kg (Reuters, 2026 version). Won the April 2025 Beijing humanoid half marathon in 2:40:42. Hardware specifications not published.", "sources": [ "hs-c8d160552e", "hs-0b19bfc26f", "hs-61ab8486c4" ] }, "production": { "built": "Competition/research robot; X-Humanoid has not disclosed sales.", "where": "China" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-10", "title": "Tiangong Ultra's maker turns to real-world work", "summary": "After the 100 m win, X-Humanoid aims Ultra at inspection and rescue and trials Tianyi 2.0 at Foton Cummins.", "publisher": "Arab News Pakistan", "url": "https://www.arabnews.pk/world/after-outrunning-usain-bolt-chinas-robot-champion-races-towards-real-world-work-3000810" }, { "date": "2026-08-22", "title": "Tiangong Ultra runs 100 m in 9.39 s heat", "summary": "At the second World Humanoid Robot Games it went on to post 8.64 s in the final (Reuters).", "publisher": "Khaleej Times", "url": "https://www.khaleejtimes.com/business/tech/chinese-robot-tiangong-ultra-beats-usain-bolt-100m-world-record-beijing-games" }, { "date": "2026-04-19", "title": "Pictured at 2026 Beijing half marathon", "summary": "The 2025 winner (2:40:42) returned as Honor's Lightning won in 50:26.", "publisher": "PBS NewsHour", "url": "https://pbs.org/newshour/world/humanoid-robot-wins-beijing-half-marathon-defeating-the-human-world-record" } ], "video": { "id": "Wd1-P8e1xRg", "title": "2h40m42s! Straight from the Scene of the World's First Humanoid Robot Half-marathon", "channel": "TianGong Robotics" } }, { "id": "digit-shenzhen-xingxingxia-p01-2025", "name": "Xingxingxia P01", "maker": "Digit (Shenzhen) Technology (Digital Huaxia)", "makerId": "digit", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-04", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "retail", "social" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 10, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "pre-orders opened in April 2025; no price published", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Its maker calls it the first humanoid that switches between walking and a split wheeled chassis.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A dual-mode service humanoid from Shenzhen that walks in one mode and rides a split wheeled chassis in another, built to patrol and greet people in malls, halls and offices. Buyers can choose a sci-fi or lifelike face and grippers or dexterous hands; the battery lasts over 10 hours with self-charging.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-de13d79c94", "hs-39e6388d97" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-04", "event": "Company announcement reported by EyeShenzhen (article dated 30 Apr 2025)", "url": "https://www.eyeshenzhen.com/content/2025-04/30/content_31555401.htm" }, "released": { "date": "2025-04", "note": "pre-orders opened at announcement" }, "components": { "hands": "Grippers or dexterous hands, chosen by the buyer.", "sensors": "Builds 3D maps, plans paths and avoids obstacles for autonomous navigation (sensor models not published).", "battery": "Over 10 hours per charge with automatic charging.", "software": "Controlled in real time through the 'Giant App' (expressions, voice, walking and motions, with record and replay); customisable personality, voice and knowledge base; speaks over 10 Chinese dialects and other languages; links to CRM and order/inventory systems.", "other": "Two forms: a legged 'Robot Body' mode and a 'Flying Trooper' mode on a split wheeled chassis that covers over 10,000 m2 across floors and rides lifts. Faces: sci-fi, bionic half-face or bionic full-face.", "sources": [ "hs-de13d79c94", "hs-39e6388d97" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Pre-orders opened April 2025; price not published", "where": "Shenzhen, China", "customers": "Aimed at malls, exhibition halls, offices and libraries; none named" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-04-30", "title": "Shenzhen firm unveils dual-form humanoid", "summary": "EyeShenzhen reported Digital Huaxia's Xingxingxia P01, its third robot after Xia Lan and Xia Qi, with pre-orders open.", "publisher": "EyeShenzhen", "url": "https://www.eyeshenzhen.com/content/2025-04/30/content_31555401.htm" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/digit-shenzhen-xingxingxia-p01-2025.jpg", "author": "Digit (Shenzhen) Technology (Digital Huaxia)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.digit.com.cn/UserFiles/ueditor/6388950570590146806996068.jpg", "page": "https://www.digit.com.cn/UserFiles/ueditor/6388950570590146806996068.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 750 } }, { "id": "fourier-n1-2025", "name": "N1 (Nexus-01)", "maker": "Fourier", "makerId": "fourier", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-04-11", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "education" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 130, "weightKg": 38, "dof": 23, "speedKmh": 12.6, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "none", "firsts": "Fourier's first fully open-source humanoid, released with its bill of materials, drawings, assembly guide and base software.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 1.3 m, 38 kg open-source humanoid with 23 joints (not counting hands) and a swappable back battery good for about two hours. Fourier says it reached 3.5 m/s running in tests (headline figure; the spec table lists 10.8 km/h running), and it was later shown doing cartwheels.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-ba12393026", "hs-7d0560affd", "hs-c88aad2e99" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-04-11", "event": "Fourier open-source launch (date per AIbase report)", "url": "https://www.aibase.com/news/17071" }, "released": { "date": "2025-04", "note": "design files and software released openly at launch" }, "components": { "actuators": "Fourier's own FSA 2.0 integrated actuators; 23 DoF (6 per leg, 5 per arm, 1 waist); joint torque limits of 30, 54 or 90 Nm with peak 144 Nm; dual 16-bit/14-bit encoders.", "sensors": "6-axis IMU; optional stereo camera in the head.", "compute": "Intel Core i7-13700H with 16 GB RAM and 512 GB NVMe, running Ubuntu 22.04.", "battery": "Back-mounted, swappable 475 Wh lithium-ion pack (39.6 V) for about 2 hours; about 3.5 hours to charge.", "materials": "Aluminium alloy and engineering plastics.", "software": "Open source: bill of materials, design drawings, assembly instructions and base software on GitHub; teleoperation, reinforcement-learning motion control and MuJoCo simulation resources plus an SDK guide.", "other": "1.3 m, about 38 kg. Ran at 3.5 m/s in Fourier's tests (spec table: 10.8 km/h running, 2.7 km/h walking); later shown doing cartwheels.", "sources": [ "hs-ba12393026", "hs-7d0560affd" ] }, "production": { "where": "Shanghai, China (Fourier)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-09-22", "title": "Fourier N1 shown doing cartwheels", "summary": "Interesting Engineering covered a video of the open-source N1 doing a cartwheel and a 360-degree spin.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/humanoid-robot-cartwheel-and-jump" }, { "date": "2025-04-11", "title": "Fourier open-sources the N1", "summary": "Fourier released the N1's bill of materials, drawings, assembly guide and base code as its first open-source humanoid.", "publisher": "AIbase", "url": "https://www.aibase.com/news/17071" } ], "video": { "id": "b94_W7JiR-8", "title": "Fourier N1 | Street Dance Bot", "channel": "Fourier (@FourierIntelligence-Robotics)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/fourier-n1-2025.jpg", "author": "Fourier", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.fftai.com/ecosystem/n1", "page": "https://www.fftai.com/ecosystem/n1", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "ai2-robotics-alphabot-2-2025", "name": "AlphaBot 2", "maker": "AI² Robotics (Zhipingfang, Shenzhen)", "makerId": "ai", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-04-17", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 34, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 6, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "At launch (April 2025) biotech firm Bloomage (Huaxi Biotech) signed on to use it for material handling, unpacking, inspection and feeding in its factories.", "summary": "AI² Robotics' second-generation wheeled humanoid, launched in Shenzhen in April 2025 alongside its own production line and its Alpha Brain vision-language-action model.; A lifting waist-and-leg structure gives it a working range from floor level to 240 cm and each arm reaches 700 mm", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-996bf21cb4", "hs-696201ecfd", "hs-ec42efd145" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-04-17", "event": "Launch event in Shenzhen", "url": "https://www.36kr.com/p/3255090975272967" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Sold to industrial customers; no public price." }, "components": { "actuators": "34+ DoF across the body; a lifting waist-and-leg structure gives a working range from floor to 240 cm; single-arm reach 700 mm without end-effector.", "sensors": "360 x 360-degree spatial perception (sensor models not published).", "battery": "6+ hours of continuous operation.", "software": "Alpha Brain embodied model (renamed from AI2R Brain) running GOVLA, a dual-system vision-language-action model whose fast system outputs whole-body control and trajectories; integrates DeepSeek for reasoning; open-source FiS-VLA version released June 2025; RoboMamba model co-developed with Peking University.", "sources": [ "hs-996bf21cb4", "hs-696201ecfd", "hs-bc731b9b27" ] }, "production": { "built": "AI2 Robotics began building its own production line at launch (April 2025); targets ten-thousand-unit deployment by 2028", "sold": "Sold to industrial customers; no public price or totals", "where": "Shenzhen, China", "customers": "Bloomage Biotech (biotech manufacturing), Jingneng Microelectronics of Geely Technology (semiconductor plant); an unnamed international carmaker order; airport and community pilots planned for 2025" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-04-27", "title": "Peking University and AI2 Robotics open joint lab", "summary": "AI2 Robotics and Peking University launched a joint embodied-intelligence laboratory.", "publisher": "AI2 Robotics", "url": "https://ai2robotics.com/news/" }, { "date": "2025-04-18", "title": "AlphaBot 2 launched with own production line", "summary": "36Kr reported the AlphaBot 2 launch in Shenzhen, the GOVLA model and a strategic partnership with Bloomage Biotech.", "publisher": "36Kr", "url": "https://www.36kr.com/p/3255090975272967" }, { "date": "2025-03-19", "title": "AI2 Robotics robots enter Geely-linked chip plant", "summary": "AI2 Robotics said its general-purpose robots were working in Jingneng Microelectronics' semiconductor factory.", "publisher": "AI2 Robotics", "url": "https://ai2robotics.com/news/" }, { "date": "2025-03-12", "title": "AI2 Robotics raises Pre-A+ round", "summary": "AI2 Robotics announced a Pre-A+ round of several hundred million yuan to commercialise its VLA-driven robots.", "publisher": "AI2 Robotics", "url": "https://ai2robotics.com/news/" } ], "video": { "id": "U2KAV2XNBCo", "title": "A next-generation of General Purpose Robots AlphaBot 2", "channel": "AI² Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/ai2-robotics-alphabot-2-2025.jpg", "author": "AI² Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://ai2robotics.com/%E6%99%BA%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83%E5%85%A8%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BAalphabot-2%E5%BC%80%E5%90%AFagi%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF%E6%96%B0/", "page": "https://ai2robotics.com/%E6%99%BA%E5%B9%B3%E6%96%B9%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%83%E5%85%A8%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%80%E4%BB%A3%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BAalphabot-2%E5%BC%80%E5%90%AFagi%E7%BB%88%E7%AB%AF%E6%96%B0/", "kind": "maker", "w": 830, "h": 554 } }, { "id": "tekntrash-alpha-2025", "name": "ALPHA", "maker": "TeknTrash Robotics", "makerId": "tekntrash", "country": "United Kingdom", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-04-18", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 5, "batteryHours": 7, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Pilot announced in April 2025 at Sharp Group's Rainham recycling plant in East London, where workers in VR headsets record picking motions to train the robot.", "summary": "A wheeled waste-sorting humanoid with a 2-DoF camera head, two 6-DoF arms with grippers and a lifting column, meant to pick recyclables off conveyor belts. It is trained on hand and posture data captured from human sorters and NVIDIA's Isaac tools.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-2ee17e4178", "hs-9671b3e935", "hs-519918dae8" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-04-18", "event": "Pilot with Sharp Group announced in London", "url": "https://www.tekntrash.com/press-release-18-04-2025.php" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "pilot only; UK and Europe rollout planned after testing" }, "components": { "actuators": "Two 6-DoF arms, a 2-DoF head (pitch and rotation) and a lifting column with 1 m of travel at up to 150 mm/s; arm reach up to 2,000 mm. Motor types not published.", "hands": "Two grippers rather than suction cups; the arms lift up to 5 kg combined. TeknTrash says the grippers are trained on captured human hand and finger motion.", "sensors": "Binocular depth camera in the head; a 3D camera on each arm (85 x 58 degree view, 0.25-2.5 m range); monocular camera and microphone on the column; base lidar, depth camera, three ultrasonic sensors, IMU and encoders. A separate hyperspectral camera at the start of the conveyor identifies items before they reach the robot.", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin (275 TOPS, 12-core Arm CPU) on board; heavy processing and task assignment run on a cloud server (Google Cloud Compute Engine, Cloud Storage, Cloud Data Fusion).", "battery": "Up to 7 hours of operation; supports automatic charging.", "software": "Trained on posture, hand and finger data recorded from human sorters wearing Meta Quest 3 headsets running TeknTrash's HoloLab app; data processed in NVIDIA Isaac Lab and run on NVIDIA Isaac GR00T for inference, with data kept in LeRobot format. Site-specific waste classification models.", "other": "Designed to work in groups of at least two units over Wi-Fi with cloud task allocation. Target of 42 picks per minute. Sold as Robot-as-a-Service: a GBP 50,000 implementation fee, then 12 months without operating fees, then a monthly fee pegged to the replaced worker's salary. Also logs item-level waste data for EPR and ESG reporting.", "sources": [ "hs-2ee17e4178", "hs-9671b3e935", "hs-519918dae8", "hs-a4e4c5677c" ] }, "production": { "built": "Not disclosed; pilot units only.", "sold": "Not sold outright; offered as Robot-as-a-Service.", "where": "UK (London); in November 2025 TeknTrash opened a base in Suzhou Industrial Park, China, for assembly, testing and R&D, operating there as Titan Rui Technology.", "customers": "Sharp Group recycling plant in Rainham, East London (pilot announced April 2025); a tyre recycling plant case in Madrid is also listed. Partners named: Queen Mary University, Google Cloud, NVIDIA, Meta." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-01-22", "title": "TeknTrash wins third prize at Huzhou contest", "summary": "TeknTrash took third prize at a global entrepreneurship contest in Huzhou, China, and said it will scale ALPHA into real operations.", "publisher": "TeknTrash Robotics", "url": "https://www.tekntrash.com/press-release-22-01-2026.php" }, { "date": "2025-11-14", "title": "TeknTrash opens a base in Suzhou", "summary": "The company set up an office in Suzhou Industrial Park to assemble, test and develop ALPHA for Asian markets.", "publisher": "TeknTrash Robotics", "url": "https://www.tekntrash.com/press-release-11-14-2025.php" }, { "date": "2025-09-06", "title": "Google Cloud features TeknTrash", "summary": "Google Cloud published a customer story on TeknTrash's cloud data pipeline for waste-sorting robots.", "publisher": "TeknTrash Robotics", "url": "https://www.tekntrash.com/press-release-06-09-2025.php" }, { "date": "2025-04-18", "title": "Humanoid recycling pilot starts with Sharp Group", "summary": "TeknTrash and Sharp Group began a pilot at a London recycling plant, recording sorters' movements for six months to train ALPHA.", "publisher": "TeknTrash Robotics", "url": "https://www.tekntrash.com/press-release-18-04-2025.php" } ], "video": { "id": "KSfrjJnIGUA", "title": "Revolutionising Waste Sorting with ALPHA - Automated Litter Processing Humanoid Assistant", "channel": "TeknTrash Robotics (@tekntrash)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/tekntrash-alpha-2025.jpg", "author": "TeknTrash Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.tekntrash.com/alpha.php", "page": "https://www.tekntrash.com/alpha.php", "kind": "maker", "w": 472, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "uc-berkeley-berkeley-humanoid-lite-2025", "name": "Berkeley Humanoid Lite", "maker": "UC Berkeley (Hybrid Robotics, Koushil Sreenath's lab)", "makerId": "uc-berkeley", "country": "United States", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-04-24", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "education" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 80, "weightKg": 16, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 0.5, "priceUsd": 5000, "priceNote": "Open-source build; bill of materials about $4,312 at US prices (under $5,000 per the paper; the RSS listing says under $6,000)", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "One of the first fully open-source, sub-$5,000 adult-proportioned bipedal humanoids with arms.", "deployments": null, "summary": "An open-source, mostly 3D-printed bipedal humanoid, 0.8 m tall and 16 kg, with two 5-DoF arms and simple grippers but no head in the base design, built around printed cycloidal gearboxes. All hardware, firmware and training code are public and the parts cost under $5,000.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-5a6c205ff7", "hs-0100e4c746", "hs-243f7a6d51" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-04-24", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/uc-berkeley-berkeley-humanoid-lite-2025.jpg", "author": "UC Berkeley", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://lite.berkeley-humanoid.org/", "page": "https://lite.berkeley-humanoid.org/", "kind": "maker", "w": 725, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "igus-iggy-rob-2025", "name": "Iggy Rob", "maker": "igus", "makerId": "igus", "country": "Germany", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-04-29", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics", "retail" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": 101, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 2, "batteryHours": 8, "priceUsd": 54500, "priceNote": "EUR 47,999 list price", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A low-cost wheeled humanoid built from igus parts: two six-axis ReBeL cobot arms with four-finger bionic hands, a head with a display face, and a ReBeL Move mobile base with lidar and 3D cameras.; Arm payload is 2 kg each", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-6698d91a22", "hs-7b8ce13b04", "hs-3641c2cf3c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-04-29", "event": "igus press release introducing Iggy Rob", "url": "https://press.igus.com/?p=2484" }, "released": { "date": "2025-05", "note": "sold with on-site trials offered; CE certified, ROS2 interface" }, "components": { "actuators": "Two ReBeL-6DOF-03 cobot arms built from igus motion-plastics parts; 664 mm reach, 2 kg payload per arm, up to 45 degrees per second.", "hands": "Bionic four-fingered hands (based on the igus ReBeL Hand); igus also lists a suction pad with CobotPump and a ReBeL gripper as tool options.", "sensors": "Lidar plus 3D cameras in the chest and in the mobile base for navigation and object detection.", "battery": "Up to 8 hours per charge, then returns to its charging station.", "materials": "Built largely from igus motion-plastics components; total weight 101 kg.", "software": "igus Robot Control (iRC), free simulation software that runs without hardware; ROS 2 interface through the AMR; VDE 5050 approved for fleet management. igus has not said which AI functions it uses.", "other": "Rides on the ReBeL Move Pro AMR base (three-point bearing, up to 100 kg payload); works on flat floors and lifts but cannot climb stairs. A display in the head shows a virtual face. CE certified. 'Test before invest' on-site trials offered.", "sources": [ "hs-6698d91a22", "hs-7b8ce13b04", "hs-3641c2cf3c" ] }, "production": { "built": "Not disclosed.", "sold": "Offered for sale at EUR 47,999; unit sales not disclosed.", "where": "igus, Cologne, Germany", "customers": "No named customers; igus plans to use it in-house to place components in injection-moulding machines and pitches reception, transport and canteen work." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-05-07", "title": "igus shows low-cost humanoid for industry", "summary": "heise reported igus's wheeled Iggy Rob at EUR 47,999, with two cobot arms, four-finger hands and about eight hours of runtime.", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://heise.de/-10374899" }, { "date": "2025-04-29", "title": "igus introduces Iggy Rob", "summary": "igus launched Iggy Rob, a 1.7 m humanoid on its ReBeL Move base priced under EUR 50,000 for industrial and service tasks.", "publisher": "igus", "url": "https://press.igus.com/?p=2484" } ], "video": { "id": "m4yTOtJEK8Q", "title": "igus Iggy Rob humanoid robot", "channel": "The Robot Report (@therobotreport7420)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/igus-iggy-rob-2025.jpg", "author": "igus", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.igus.eu/robotics/humanoid-robot", "page": "https://www.igus.eu/robotics/humanoid-robot", "kind": "maker", "w": 521, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "drdo-cair-bipedal-2025", "name": "DRDO bipedal humanoid (STAR programme)", "maker": "DRDO Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (CAIR)", "makerId": "drdo-centre", "country": "India", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-05", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "military", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "India's defence lab showed its humanoid's first unsupported steps.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A government-built humanoid meant to reduce soldiers' exposure in high-risk work. Details are thin and come from secondary reports.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-32446c24d6", "hs-14f6942a87" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-05", "event": "National Workshop on Advanced Legged Robotics, Pune (R&DE Engineers)", "url": "https://www.outlookbusiness.com/news/drdo-scientists-working-on-humanoid-robot-for-military-missions-to-reduce-risk-for-troops" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "military research" }, "components": { "actuators": "Muscle-like actuators; upper body has 24 DoF: 7 per arm, 4 in the gripper, 2 in the head.", "hands": "4-DoF grippers with closed-loop gripping for turning, pushing, pulling, opening valves and handling mines or explosives.", "sensors": "Real-time environmental sensors for SLAM-based mapping and navigation.", "software": "Fall and push recovery, real-time map generation, autonomous navigation; work under way on understanding operator commands.", "other": "Developed by R&DE (Engineers), Pune, with CAIR; designed for day/night, indoor/outdoor and jungle terrain.", "sources": [ "hs-14f6942a87", "hs-32446c24d6" ] }, "production": { "built": "Prototype; completion targeted for 2027." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-05-10", "title": "DRDO reveals humanoid for frontline missions", "summary": "R&DE (Engineers) showed separate upper- and lower-body prototypes at a Pune legged-robotics workshop.", "publisher": "Outlook Business", "url": "https://www.outlookbusiness.com/news/drdo-scientists-working-on-humanoid-robot-for-military-missions-to-reduce-risk-for-troops" } ], "buyNone": "Government military research prototype; not for sale." }, { "id": "roboforce-titan-2025", "name": "TITAN", "maker": "RoboForce", "makerId": "roboforce", "country": "United States", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-05", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 40, "batteryHours": 8, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "RoboForce reports more than 11,000 robot orders via letters of intent and initial pilots in the energy sector (company claims, 2025).", "summary": "A dual-arm industrial robot that RoboForce calls a humanoid, built for outdoor solar, space, mining and manufacturing work, with 1 mm precision, 1.1 m reach, a 40 kg payload and an 8-hour runtime on wheeled or tracked bases. It runs RoboForce's RF-Net 3D foundation model and was featured in NVIDIA's GTC Washington keynote in October 2025.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-9ef0d34142", "hs-42a9a75bd8" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-05", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/roboforce-titan-2025.jpg", "author": "RoboForce", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.roboforce.ai/", "page": "https://www.roboforce.ai/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 649 } }, { "id": "cartwheel-yogi-2025", "name": "Yogi", "maker": "Cartwheel Robotics", "makerId": "cartwheel", "country": "United States", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-05", "status": "discontinued", "purpose": [ "home", "social" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A compact, toddler-proportioned biped with a soft silicone body, designed as a friendly home companion by a small team led by former Boston Dynamics and Disney engineer Scott LaValley. It stayed a prototype: the Nevada startup said in February 2026 that it was closing after failing to raise money for production.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-87f28392da", "hs-9fa99fce57" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-05", "event": "Prototype shown in IEEE Spectrum coverage (12 May 2025)", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/cartwheel-robotics-humanoid" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "never sold; company shut down in February 2026 (founder's LinkedIn post as reported)" }, "components": { "software": "Cartwheel experimented with AI-generated whole-body motion so that behaviours vary even in identical situations.", "other": "Toddler proportions with a big head and rounded lines. A simpler sister prototype, Speedy, was the near-term commercial platform, with a customisable torso for museums and science centres.", "sources": [ "hs-87f28392da", "hs-9fa99fce57" ] }, "production": { "built": "Prototype only; built by a seven-person team in under a year.", "sold": "Not sold.", "where": "Nevada, USA", "customers": "None for Yogi; one Speedy variant was reported as headed to an unnamed customer in 2025." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-02-07", "title": "Cartwheel Robotics shuts down", "summary": "Founder Scott LaValley said the startup closed after failing to find investors to fund manufacturing of Yogi; it had raised about $3 million.", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/cartwheel-robotics-shuts-down/" }, { "date": "2025-05-12", "title": "Cartwheel pitches humanoids people love", "summary": "IEEE Spectrum profiled Cartwheel's Yogi and Speedy prototypes and its plan for friendly home humanoids.", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/cartwheel-robotics-humanoid" } ], "video": { "id": "XaSXltB_I1A", "title": "Meet Yogi", "channel": "Cartwheel Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/cartwheel-yogi-2025.jpg", "author": "Cartwheel Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/cartwheel-robotics-humanoid", "page": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/cartwheel-robotics-humanoid", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 823 } }, { "id": "robotis-ai-worker-2025", "name": "AI Worker", "maker": "ROBOTIS", "makerId": "robotis", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-05-15", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 162, "weightKg": 90, "dof": 25, "speedKmh": 5.4, "payloadKg": 10, "batteryHours": 6, "priceUsd": 69000, "priceNote": "ROBOTIS US list price for FFW-SG2 (tariffs included)", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled teleoperation and imitation-learning platform with a 2-DoF camera head, a lifting torso and two 7-DoF arms with grippers on a swerve-drive base; ROBOTIS calls it semi-humanoid and also sells a fixed-base version (FFW-BG2). Payload is up to 10 kg with both arms at peak (6 kg nominal).", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-c1852e72e6", "hs-9fb03b0184", "hs-2a6b596ff4" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-05-15", "event": "ROBOTIS introduces AI Worker to the ROS community", "url": "https://discourse.openrobotics.org/t/introduction-to-robotis-ai-worker/43780" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Open-source hardware/software platform; listed on the ROBOTIS US store" }, "components": { "actuators": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL servos throughout: DYNAMIXEL-Y for arm joints 1-6 and the lift, DYNAMIXEL-P for arm joint 7, DYNAMIXEL-X in the head. FFW-SG2 totals 25 DoF (arms 14, grippers 2, head 2, lift 1, mobile base 6).", "hands": "Standard RH-P12-RN one-DoF grippers; modular end-effectors supported. ROBOTIS is developing dexterous hands targeting 16-20 DoF per hand.", "sensors": "Three RGB-D cameras, two lidars and an IMU.", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin 32GB.", "battery": "Built-in 25 V, 80 Ah (2,040 Wh) battery; up to about 6 hours of continuous operation.", "materials": "Aluminium and plastic; 90 kg; 604 x 602 x 1,623 mm.", "software": "Open source under Apache-2.0 on ROS 2, with Python, C++ and a web UI; integrates with Hugging Face LeRobot and ROBOTIS Physical AI Tools; ACT (Action Chunking with Transformers) imitation-learning policies; simulation in Isaac Sim, MuJoCo and Gazebo.", "other": "Teleoperated through the FFW-LG2 leader exoskeleton (22 DoF). Swerve-drive base up to 1.5 m/s. Payload 3 kg nominal and 5 kg peak per arm (6 kg and 10 kg with two arms). Ethernet and Wi-Fi. ROBOTIS pitches it for wire-harness assembly, welding and inspection.", "sources": [ "hs-c1852e72e6", "hs-9fb03b0184", "hs-0c27225f40", "hs-2a6b596ff4" ] }, "production": { "built": "Not disclosed.", "sold": "Sold to order; ROBOTIS US lists FFW-SG2 at $69,000.; Unit sales not disclosed", "where": "South Korea (ships from ROBOTIS's Korean facility)", "customers": "None named." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-05-15", "title": "ROBOTIS introduces the open-source AI Worker", "summary": "ROBOTIS presented AI Worker to the ROS community as an open-source mobile humanoid trained by teleoperation and imitation learning with LeRobot.", "publisher": "Open Robotics Discourse", "url": "https://discourse.openrobotics.org/t/introduction-to-robotis-ai-worker/43780" } ], "video": { "id": "DX7DEf9s3Eg", "title": "\"ROBOTIS AI Worker Demo Showcase\" - 로보티즈 AI Worker 데모 시연 영상", "channel": "ROBOTV (ROBOTIS, @ROBOTISV)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/robotis-ai-worker-2025.jpg", "author": "ROBOTIS", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.robotis.com/en/product/ecosystem-aiworker.php", "page": "https://www.robotis.com/en/product/ecosystem-aiworker.php", "kind": "maker", "w": 600, "h": 589 } }, { "id": "hugging-face-hopejr-2025", "name": "HopeJR", "maker": "Hugging Face with The Robot Studio", "makerId": "hugging-face", "country": "United States", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-05-29", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "research", "education" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 66, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 3000, "priceNote": "Estimated about $3,000 per unit (Hugging Face estimate; tariffs could change it).", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Among the cheapest full-size humanoid designs announced, fully open source.", "deployments": null, "summary": "Open-source full-size humanoid with 66 actuated degrees of freedom, designed with French firm The Robot Studio; waitlist opened in 2025. Shipping status unconfirmed.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-511e8dac85", "hs-4ee089bb39" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-05-29", "event": "Hugging Face announcement with Reachy Mini", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2025/05/29/hugging-face-unveils-two-new-humanoid-robots/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "waitlist opened 2025; shipping not confirmed" }, "components": { "actuators": "66 actuated degrees of freedom (actuator type not published in sources opened).", "hands": "Not specified in sources opened.", "sensors": "Not published.", "compute": "Not published.", "battery": "Not published.", "software": "Open-source design (Hugging Face says anyone should be able to build and understand it); demos were assisted by a remote operator.", "other": "Co-designed with The Robot Studio; can walk and manipulate objects.", "sources": [ "hs-8911797dde", "hs-f36018f702" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Waitlist opened May 2025; Hugging Face hoped to ship first units by end-2025 (no confirmation found)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-03", "title": "NVIDIA to Acquire Hugging Face", "summary": "NVIDIA announced an agreement to acquire Hugging Face for $12.93 billion.", "publisher": "NVIDIA", "url": "https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/nvidia-to-acquire-hugging-face/?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_little-text-block" }, { "date": "2025-05-29", "title": "Hugging Face unveils HopeJR and Reachy Mini", "summary": "Two open-source robots announced, HopeJR at about $3,000.", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2025/05/29/hugging-face-unveils-two-new-humanoid-robots/" }, { "date": "2025-04-14", "title": "Hugging Face acquires Pollen Robotics", "summary": "Undisclosed price; Pollen had raised about EUR 2.5M.", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2025/04/14/hugging-face-buys-a-humanoid-robotics-startup" } ], "buyNone": "No official order or waitlist page found; the 2025 waitlist was informal (CEO asked people to DM him); design is open-source.", "video": { "id": "1vVhh2pU-sQ", "title": "HOPEJr, 2nd draft, Carbon Pelvis", "channel": "therobotstudio" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/hugging-face-hopejr-2025.jpg", "author": "Hugging Face with The Robot Studio", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://github.com/TheRobotStudio/HOPEJr", "page": "https://github.com/TheRobotStudio/HOPEJr", "kind": "maker", "w": 512, "h": 896 } }, { "id": "wandercraft-calvin-2025", "name": "Calvin (Calvin-40)", "maker": "Wandercraft (with Renault Group)", "makerId": "wandercraft", "country": "France", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-06", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 50, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Wandercraft and Renault present it as the first humanoid robot developed by a European company to go into a carmaker's plants.", "deployments": "Being tested on tyre handling at Renault's Douai plant in 2026, with about ten units planned by end of 2026 and 350 in French and Spanish factories by end of 2027 (Renault, June 2026).", "summary": "A walking industrial humanoid that Wandercraft built in about 40 days from parts of its self-balancing medical exoskeletons, with non-grasping hands and no human-like head. Renault says it can carry about 40 to 50 kg (50 kg used here as the maximum) and currently lifts two tyres at a time, about 30 kg.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-6d70d34962", "hs-a45cee3411", "hs-b6154088a2" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-06", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/wandercraft-calvin-2025.jpg", "author": "Wandercraft", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.wandercraft.eu/", "page": "https://www.wandercraft.eu/", "kind": "maker", "w": 553, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "vinmotion-motion-1-2025", "name": "Motion 1", "maker": "VinMotion (Vingroup)", "makerId": "vinmotion", "country": "Vietnam", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-06", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": 70, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Vietnam's first home-grown humanoid robot.", "deployments": "First use planned in VinFast car factories for parts transport and inspection.", "summary": "A 1.75 m, 70 kg biped that danced in sync for over 1,000 people at Vingroup's anniversary and later for national leaders.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-1c4b1a9e77", "hs-0df6e1b656" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-06", "event": "VinMotion prototype debut, Vietnam", "url": "https://news.tuoitre.vn/vietnam-unveils-first-humanoid-robot-in-bold-leap-into-global-tech-103250606153729109.htm" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "internal factory pilots" }, "components": { "sensors": "Distance sensors for balance during dynamic moves.", "materials": "Mechanical, electronic and software systems designed in-house.", "software": "In-house motion-control software and real-time algorithms for synchronised multi-robot control.", "sources": [ "hs-1c4b1a9e77", "hs-0df6e1b656" ] }, "production": { "where": "Vietnam", "customers": "VinFast factories (planned parts transport and quality checks)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-08-20", "title": "VinMotion robots perform for Vietnam's leaders", "summary": "Shown at the Hanoi ceremony for the 80th anniversary of National Day.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/vietnam-humanoid-robot-dance-crew-dazzles" }, { "date": "2025-08-08", "title": "Humanoid dance crew at Vingroup's 32nd anniversary", "summary": "Robots kept balance with distance sensors in a not-fully-scripted routine.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/vietnam-humanoid-robot-dance-crew-dazzles" }, { "date": "2025-06-06", "title": "VinMotion debuts Vietnam's first humanoid prototype", "summary": "Built in just over three months; first jobs planned at VinFast plants.", "publisher": "Tuoi Tre News", "url": "https://news.tuoitre.vn/vietnam-unveils-first-humanoid-robot-in-bold-leap-into-global-tech-103250606153729109.htm" } ], "buyNone": "Internal Vingroup factory pilots; not for sale.", "video": { "id": "W3m3hgL6p_c", "title": "Introducing Motion 1", "channel": "VinMotion" } }, { "id": "iit-ironcub3-2025", "name": "iRonCub3", "maker": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), AMI Lab (Daniele Pucci)", "makerId": "istituto-italiano-di-tecnologia", "country": "Italy", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-06", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": 70, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Described as the first jet-powered flying humanoid designed for real-world environments, and the first to use AI aerodynamic models for real-time flight control.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A jet-powered version of the iCub3 humanoid with four turbines (two on the arms, two on a back-mounted jetpack) giving over 1,000 N of thrust, a titanium spine and heat shields; in first tests it rose about 50 cm off the ground. Weight includes the engines.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-b7ca6e872d" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-06", "event": "First lift-off tests reported June 2025", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Four jet engines (two on the forearms, two on a back-mounted jetpack) giving more than 1,000 N of maximum thrust, on top of the iCub3 humanoid's electric joints. Exhaust is reported at about 700-800 degrees C.", "hands": "Arms carry jet turbines; no dexterous-hand details given.", "sensors": "Integrated sensors for thrust control are mentioned; types not specified.", "compute": "Not specified.", "battery": "Not published (fuel and endurance figures not given).", "materials": "New titanium spine to carry the external engines, plus heat-resistant covers. Total weight about 70 kg including engines.", "software": "Flight-balance models covering multibody dynamics and jet-limb interaction; neural networks trained on simulation and wind-tunnel data estimate aerodynamic forces in real time; co-design of body shape, turbine placement and control; planners for coordinated take-off and landing. Published in Nature Communications Engineering (first author Antonello Paolino).", "other": "Wind-tunnel tests at Politecnico di Milano; first flights in IIT's test area lifted about 50 cm while stable; further tests planned at a dedicated area at Genoa Airport. Partners: Politecnico di Milano (DAER lab), Stanford University, University of Naples. Aimed at search-and-rescue, inspection and exploration.", "sources": [ "hs-b7ca6e872d" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Research robot, not for sale.", "where": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-06-20", "title": "IIT's jet-powered iRonCub3 lifts off", "summary": "IIT reported that iRonCub3 rose about 50 cm in its first stable flight tests after two years of work, with results published in Nature Communications Engineering.", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2025/06/20/italian-scientists-demonstrate-flying-humanoid-robot/92406/" } ], "video": { "id": "t1bNHoT4D5Q", "title": "iRonCub3: First Liftoff of a Jet-Powered Humanoid Robot", "channel": "Artificial and Mechanical Intelligence (IIT AMI lab, @IIT-AMI)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/iit-ironcub3-2025.jpg", "author": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://opentalk.iit.it/en/iit-demonstrates-that-a-humanoid-robot-can-fly/", "page": "https://opentalk.iit.it/en/iit-demonstrates-that-a-humanoid-robot-can-fly/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 750 } }, { "id": "casbot-casbot-02-2025", "name": "CASBOT 02", "maker": "CASBOT (Beijing Zhongke Huiling Robot Technology)", "makerId": "casbot", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-06-16", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "education", "research", "retail", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 163, "weightKg": 50, "dof": 37, "speedKmh": 3.6, "payloadKg": 1.5, "batteryHours": 1.5, "priceUsd": 45800, "priceNote": "328,800 yuan for the standard version at launch; USD figure is an approximate conversion at mid-2025 rates.", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "CASBOT's second full-size biped, cheaper and quicker to build than the first, aimed at science centres, showrooms, malls and teaching", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-af1a230969", "hs-6788f19c17", "hs-54dcec9e16" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-06-16", "event": "Global launch on JD.com", "url": "https://www.tmtpost.com/7534727.html" }, "released": { "date": "2025-06-16", "note": "Listed for sale on JD.com at launch; small-batch deliveries from the second half of 2025." }, "components": { "actuators": "Electric joints with up to 150 N·m maximum torque. Spec table: 25 DoF without hands (head 2, arms 5 each, waist 1, legs 6 each); headline figure of at least 37 DoF with hands. Walking speed 1 m/s.", "hands": "Optional hands with 11 joints (6 actuated) each; arm payload 1.5 kg.", "sensors": "Standard: microphone array, one RGB-D camera, a binocular camera, two fisheye cameras and an IMU. EDU version: three RGB-D cameras plus a lidar and autonomous navigation.", "compute": "275 TOPS: NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin as the robot control unit plus a Rockchip RK3588 for interaction.", "battery": "48 V 10 Ah ternary lithium pack, about 1.5 hours mixed use; quick battery swapping (one pack included). EDU version supports wireless charging.", "materials": "Layered exoskeleton/endoskeleton construction meant to cut manufacturing cost and assembly time; air cooled; rated 5-40 C.", "software": "LLM-based multilingual voice interaction (about 1.5 s response), face tracking, voiceprint recognition, obstacle-avoiding navigation, OTA updates; control by handheld controller, app or optional VR teleoperation kit; EDU version open for secondary development.", "other": "Wi-Fi 6, 4G and Bluetooth 5.2. About 163 cm tall; 50 kg (standard) or 52 kg (EDU) with battery per spec page (launch coverage said about 55 kg).", "sources": [ "hs-af1a230969", "hs-6788f19c17", "hs-54dcec9e16" ] }, "production": { "built": "CASBOT targeted about 100 units per product line in 2025 (about 300 across its biped, wheeled and hand lines).", "sold": "Sold on JD.com; small-batch deliveries from the second half of 2025. Unit sales not disclosed.", "where": "Beijing, China", "customers": "Aimed at science centres, showrooms, malls, car dealerships and teaching; named partners and backers include Bluestar, Lenovo, CITIC Heavy Industries, Zhaojin Group and China Minerals." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-07-28", "title": "CASBOT shows CASBOT 02 and W1 at WAIC", "summary": "At WAIC 2025, CASBOT 02 handed instructions to the new W1 wheeled robot in a booth demo.", "publisher": "Pedaily", "url": "https://news.pedaily.cn/20250728/111437.shtml" }, { "date": "2025-07-10", "title": "CASBOT previews two robots for WAIC 2025", "summary": "CASBOT announced its first WAIC appearance with the CASBOT 02 biped and the W1 wheeled robot.", "publisher": "Leaderobot", "url": "https://leaderobot.com/news/5787" }, { "date": "2025-06-26", "title": "CASBOT raises nearly 100 million yuan", "summary": "Co-founder Zhang Miao discussed an angel+ round led by Bluestar and the CASBOT 02 launch at 328,800 yuan.", "publisher": "TMTPost", "url": "https://www.tmtpost.com/7534727.html" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/casbot-casbot-02-2025.jpg", "author": "CASBOT (Beijing Zhongke Huiling Robot Technology)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.casbot.tech/product/02", "page": "https://www.casbot.tech/product/02", "kind": "maker", "w": 565, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "hexagon-aeon-2025", "name": "AEON", "maker": "Hexagon", "makerId": "hexagon", "country": "Sweden", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-06-17", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 165, "weightKg": 60, "dof": 34, "speedKmh": 8.6, "payloadKg": 15, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "An aggregator lists about $20,000 (unconfirmed).", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Measurement giant Hexagon's first humanoid, combining its precision sensors with NVIDIA-trained locomotion.", "deployments": "Field trials with Schaeffler and Pilatus (parts handling, scanning, operator support).", "summary": "Industrial humanoid unveiled at Hexagon LIVE in Las Vegas, with battery swapping and a sensor head for inspection and reality capture; it moves on wheels rather than walking. Specs come from a third-party database.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-18eead67f7", "hs-ee924a0683" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-06-17", "event": "Hexagon LIVE Global, Las Vegas", "url": "https://www.robotics247.com/article/hexagon_launches_aeon_humanoid_powered_by_nvidia" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "pilot trials only" }, "components": { "actuators": "maxon actuators power locomotion;", "hands": "hand DoF not published.", "sensors": "Hexagon multimodal sensor suite fusing RGB, depth, LiDAR and force data for reality capture and inspection.", "compute": "NVIDIA IGX Thor module for certified functional safety listed as upcoming.", "battery": "Battery-swapping so it keeps working without recharging;", "software": "NVIDIA Omniverse simulation and Microsoft Azure training, end-to-end learning; uploads to Hexagon Reality Cloud Studio.", "other": "Wi-Fi 6 and gigabit Ethernet; use cases: manipulation, part inspection, reality capture, machine tending.", "sources": [ "hs-18eead67f7", "hs-174f1c095c" ] }, "production": { "where": "Europe (Switzerland, Germany)", "customers": "Schaeffler and Pilatus pilots (announced June 2025)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-09-04", "title": "Cadence to Acquire Hexagon’s Design & Engineering Business, Accelerating Expansion in Physical AI and System Design and Analysis", "summary": "Cadence agreed to acquire Hexagon's Design & Engineering business for approximately EUR 2.7B.", "publisher": "Cadence Design Systems", "url": "https://www.cadence.com/en_US/home/company/newsroom/press-releases/pr/2025/cadence-to-acquire-hexagons-design--engineering-business.html" }, { "date": "2025-07-20", "title": "Hexagon welcomes new President and CEO, Anders Svensson", "summary": "New chief executive took office.", "publisher": "Hexagon", "url": "https://hexagon.com/company/newsroom/press-releases/2025/hexagon-welcomes-new-president-and-ceo-anders-svensson" }, { "date": "2025-06-17", "title": "AEON launched at Hexagon LIVE", "summary": "Hexagon unveiled AEON with NVIDIA, Microsoft and maxon; Schaeffler and Pilatus to pilot it.", "publisher": "Robotics 24/7", "url": "https://www.robotics247.com/article/hexagon_launches_aeon_humanoid_powered_by_nvidia" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://robotics.hexagon.com/contact/", "type": null, "label": "Contact Hexagon Robotics ('Deploying AEON in my factory')", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "ytPGe63TtOg", "title": "It’s time for AEON", "channel": "Hexagon" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/hexagon-aeon-2025.jpg", "author": "Hexagon", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://robotics.hexagon.com/product/", "page": "https://robotics.hexagon.com/product/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/hexagon.png", "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hexagon_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hexagon_logo.svg", "article": "File:Hexagon logo.svg" } }, { "id": "spirit-ai-moz1-2025", "name": "Moz1", "maker": "Spirit AI", "makerId": "spirit-ai", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-06-20", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Spirit AI's first commercial-grade humanoid, built around force-controlled joints and seven-axis arms on an omnidirectional wheeled base. Visitors could teleoperate it at Huawei's developer conference in June 2025, and the company held a formal launch later that summer.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-739720aad8", "hs-0a6a1f3be2", "hs-c9b41c7d20" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-06-20", "event": "Huawei Developer Conference 2025, Dongguan (teleoperation demo)", "url": "https://www.spirit-ai.com/news/9" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Formal launch article on maker site appears to date from August 2025 (date inferred from page, not stated). Wheeled base and 7-axis arms are from the maker's product page, which does not name the model." }, "components": { "actuators": "Integrated force-control joints that Spirit AI claims have the world's highest power density; 26 DoF in total; claimed payload-to-weight ratio of 1:1.", "hands": "Seven-axis force-position hybrid arms for fine manipulation; end-effector details not published.", "compute": "Not published. Spirit AI announced a core-compute partnership with HiSilicon (November 2025) and said Spirit v1.5 will run on D-Robotics' Sunrise S600 chip (2026).", "software": "Spirit AI's own VLA models (Spirit v1 at launch; Spirit v1.5 open-sourced in January 2026; v1.6 later) with whole-body control and 'cerebellum-cerebrum' integration. Whole-body teleoperation used for data collection; the company reports over 200,000 hours of real interaction data and a fifth-generation wearable data-collection rig.", "other": "Omnidirectional wheeled chassis; whole-body STO (safe torque off) and collision detection. Demonstrated office tasks such as tidying desks and returning chairs.", "sources": [ "hs-739720aad8", "hs-0a6a1f3be2", "hs-c9b41c7d20", "hs-89e06d6db2", "hs-0de194fb0b", "hs-b9ea8b4609", "hs-d11112a69f", "hs-2398841e05" ] }, "production": { "built": "Not disclosed.", "sold": "Not disclosed.", "where": "China", "customers": "CATL: Spirit AI robots (called Xiaomo there) were deployed in late 2025 on a battery-pack line at CATL's Zhongzhou base, plugging high-voltage test connectors at end-of-line and DCR test stations. JD: from March 2026 Moz robots give product demos in JD MALL stores. Whether these are exactly the Moz1 model is not stated." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-04-07", "title": "Spirit AI raises 1 billion yuan", "summary": "Spirit AI announced a new 1 billion yuan round co-led by Shunwei Capital and Yunfeng Fund and described its CATL and JD deployments.", "publisher": "National Business Daily", "url": "https://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2026-04-07/4328144.html" }, { "date": "2025-07-21", "title": "JD leads Spirit AI's PreA+ round", "summary": "Spirit AI raised nearly 600 million yuan led by JD.com and described Moz1 as a 26-DoF whole-body force-controlled humanoid.", "publisher": "Pedaily", "url": "https://news.pedaily.cn/202507/552571.shtml" }, { "date": "2025-06-20", "title": "Moz1 shown at Huawei Developer Conference", "summary": "Visitors at HDC 2025 in Dongguan could teleoperate Moz1, Spirit AI's first commercial-grade humanoid.", "publisher": "Spirit AI", "url": "https://www.spirit-ai.com/news/9" } ], "video": { "id": "WjO5u6pZP4Y", "title": "What if Your Assistant Was a Humanoid Robot? Spirit AI's Moz1", "channel": "Spirit AI" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/spirit-ai-moz1-2025.jpg", "author": "Spirit AI", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.spirit-ai.com/upfiles/files/20260814432122.jpg", "page": "https://www.spirit-ai.com/upfiles/files/20260814432122.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 666 } }, { "id": "neura-robotics-4ne1-gen3-2025", "name": "4NE1 (3rd generation)", "maker": "NEURA Robotics", "makerId": "neura", "country": "Germany", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-06-24", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "home", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 180, "weightKg": 50, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 100, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "The third generation of NEURA's bipedal 4NE1, premiered at Automatica 2025 in Munich with the company's Omnisensor (which tells people from objects), seven cameras, a touch-sensing artificial skin, learning-capable hands and a dual-battery system for round-the-clock work. NEURA says its joints can lift up to 100 kg; press reports give about 180 cm and 50 kg.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-2e66e00728", "hs-914e7aeeb1", "hs-fc86355e6b" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-06-24", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/neura-robotics-4ne1-gen3-2025.jpg", "author": "NEURA Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://neura-robotics.com/products/4ne1", "page": "https://neura-robotics.com/products/4ne1", "kind": "maker", "w": 667, "h": 1000 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/neura.png", "author": "Neura Robotics GmbH", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neura_robotics_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neura_robotics_logo.svg", "article": "File:Neura robotics logo.svg" } }, { "id": "estun-codroid-02-2025", "name": "Codroid 02", "maker": "Estun Codroid (Nanjing Estun Codroid Technology)", "makerId": "estun-codroid", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-06-24", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": 70, "dof": 31, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 5, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "In small-batch validation for material handling and machine loading, with small-batch purchase orders reported by Estun in September 2026.", "summary": "A 1.7 m biped from industrial-robot maker Estun's humanoid unit, with 7-joint arms and 6-DoF hands. DoF is 29 or 31 depending on the waist option; weight excludes the battery. It was shown at Automatica 2025 in Munich.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-e5c25e565b", "hs-fbcdfcd5f2", "hs-a9ccd225e1" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-06-24", "event": "Automatica 2025, Munich (preview announced 10 June)", "url": "https://robopub.substack.com/p/estuns-codroid-02-humanoid-robot" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "small-batch orders; volume delivery not dated" }, "components": { "actuators": "In-house joint modules: SA-series rigid joints (high reduction, high torque) and PA-series quasi-direct-drive joints (fast response, impact tolerant). 29 or 31 DoF: head 2, waist 1 or 3, 7 per arm, 6 per leg. No torque figures published.", "hands": "Dexterous hands with 6 DoF each; tactile sensors optional. Arm payload 5 kg each (excluding hand), reach 602 mm.", "sensors": "Head camera and chest camera; microphone and speaker for voice interaction.", "compute": "Split 'brain' and 'cerebellum' controllers in a fast-and-slow system design; chips not named. Ethernet and USB 3.0 ports.", "battery": "15 Ah; voltage and runtime not published. Listed weight of 70 kg excludes the battery.", "software": "Supports secondary development; no OS or AI model named.", "other": "Listed applications: part picking, material handling with autonomous navigation, precision assembly, line inspection, visual teaching and multi-robot work.", "sources": [ "hs-e5c25e565b", "hs-fbcdfcd5f2", "hs-a9ccd225e1" ] }, "production": { "built": "Small batches.", "sold": "Estun said in September 2026 it had received small-batch purchase orders, with batch deliveries to follow; it remains a small share of group revenue.", "where": "Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (Jiangning District)", "customers": "Not named; being validated for handling and machine loading/unloading." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-03", "title": "Estun reports small-batch orders for Codroid 02", "summary": "Estun told investors Codroid 02 is being validated in handling and loading tasks and has received small-batch orders.", "publisher": "Gelonghui", "url": "https://m.gelonghui.com/live/2649158" }, { "date": "2025-06-10", "title": "Estun to debut Codroid 02 at Automatica", "summary": "Estun said it would show the Codroid 02 humanoid in Munich alongside its industrial automation range.", "publisher": "RoboPub", "url": "https://robopub.substack.com/p/estuns-codroid-02-humanoid-robot" } ], "video": { "id": "N9xvgyEXw5Y", "title": "🤖Estun Embodied Intelligent Humanoid Robot Codroid02 is coming", "channel": "ESTUN AUTOMATION" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/estun-codroid-02-2025.jpg", "author": "Estun Codroid (Nanjing Estun Codroid Technology)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.codroid.ai/robot-humanoid", "page": "https://www.codroid.ai/robot-humanoid", "kind": "maker", "w": 434, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "highlanders-hl-human-2025", "name": "HL Human", "maker": "Highlanders (University of Tokyo spin-off)", "makerId": "highlanders", "country": "Japan", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-06-30", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 19, "speedKmh": 3, "payloadKg": 3, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Not disclosed; mass-production sales targeted within 2026", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Prototypes have gone to partner companies through an early-access programme since late 2025; Mitsubishi Motors invested in May 2026.", "summary": "A walking industrial humanoid with 19 degrees of freedom (4 per arm), autonomous movement at about 3 km/h with balance control, stereo camera and lidar mapping, and an optional five-finger hand that grips up to 3 kg for screw-fastening and assembly. Payload is the hand's grip limit.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-b910bf2dc3", "hs-285d322107" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-06-30", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/highlanders-hl-human-2025.jpg", "author": "Highlanders", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://robotstart.info/2025/07/01/hl-human.html", "page": "https://robotstart.info/2025/07/01/hl-human.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 409, "h": 600 } }, { "id": "robotera-q5-2026", "name": "Q5", "maker": "Robotera (Robot Era)", "makerId": "robotera", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-06-30", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "retail", "research", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 44, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A slim wheeled humanoid with 44 degrees of freedom, aimed at service work such as greeting visitors. At CES 2026 it handed out gifts and squatted down to pick things up.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-4be4e99259" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-06-30", "event": "Robotera unveiling video (reported by Interesting Engineering); CES 2026 was its US showing", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-slim-waisted-humanoid-robot-debuts" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "no price or shipping date published" }, "components": { "actuators": "Backdrivable, force-controlled joints; 7-DoF arms with 1380 mm reach, able to reach the floor and over 2 m high.", "hands": "Robotera XHAND Lite dexterous hands with 11 DoF; 10 kg payload per arm (Interesting Engineering).", "sensors": "Fused LiDAR and stereo vision for autonomous navigation.", "materials": "1650 mm tall, 70 kg; footprint 582 x 519 mm; wheeled base; 44 DoF in total.", "software": "Full-body teleoperation through gloves and VR; AI dialogue.", "sources": [ "hs-dc2d035c42", "hs-4be4e99259" ] }, "production": { "where": "Beijing, China", "customers": "Aimed at healthcare, retail, tourism, education and research; Robotera reports over 600 robots delivered company-wide (not Q5-specific)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-01-08", "title": "Q5 hands out gifts at CES 2026", "summary": "Robotera's CES lineup included the 44-DoF wheeled Q5 alongside the L7 biped and XHAND1.", "publisher": "TNGlobal (PR Newswire)", "url": "https://technode.global/prnasia/robotera-showcases-its-hexa-core-robotics-lineup-at-ces-2026/" }, { "date": "2025-06-30", "title": "Robotera unveils slim-waisted Q5", "summary": "Interesting Engineering reports the 1650 mm, 70 kg Q5 with 11-DoF hands and VR teleoperation.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-slim-waisted-humanoid-robot-debuts" } ], "video": { "id": "BBoyMgeuWvI", "title": "ROBOTERA Q5 sends its best wishes! Happy Teachers’ Day to all the teachers!", "channel": "ROBOTERA" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/robotera-q5-2026.jpg", "author": "Robotera (Robot Era)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.robotera.com/product/Q5", "page": "https://www.robotera.com/product/Q5", "kind": "maker", "w": 605, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "agibot-genie-g2-2025", "name": "AGIBOT Genie G2", "maker": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)", "makerId": "agibot", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-07", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Billed by AgiBot as the first mass-produced robot built on NVIDIA Jetson Thor.", "deployments": null, "summary": "An industrial-grade wheeled humanoid with force-controlled arms, expressive face animations and eye-gaze tracking, rated IP42 and built with automotive-grade parts; AgiBot says it is the first mass-produced robot on NVIDIA's Jetson Thor computer. A heavier G2 Max followed in July 2026.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-8a22af0217", "hs-b4ae57b5a2", "hs-8657419b80", "hs-450fe037bb" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-07", "event": "G2 launch plan unveiled at WAIC 2025 (AgiBot); formal product launch announced 16 October 2025 (AgiBot press release).", "url": "https://www.agibot.com/article/231/detail/28.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "sold to industrial customers; price not published" }, "components": { "actuators": "25 degrees of freedom excluding end effectors: 3 in the head, 7 per arm, 5 in the torso. Every joint has a torque sensor (force-control resolution 0.02 N·m or finer, sampled at 5 kHz or more); peak torque not listed (maker user guide).", "hands": "Standard wrist flange; dexterous hands or grippers optional (not hot-swappable). Arm payload 5 kg rated per arm, 10 kg both arms, 15 kg peak; repeatability about ±0.1 mm (maker).", "sensors": "Head: binocular camera, three fisheye cameras for 360-degree view, one RGB-D camera. Two RGB-D wrist cameras. Two 360-degree LiDARs, eight ultrasonic sensors around the base, IMU. Force sensing comes from joint torque sensors (maker user guide).", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson Thor as the core domain controller; AgiBot bills G2 as the first mass-produced robot with Jetson Thor (about 7.5x the AI compute of the previous Orin-based generation). User guide lists a standard 500 TOPS configuration (64 GB RAM, 2 TB SSD) and a high-performance 2,070 TFLOPS FP4 configuration (128 GB RAM).", "battery": "Two hot-swappable packs, 1,652 Wh (34 Ah) total at 48 V; about 4 hours runtime; optional dock for autonomous recharging; charger up to about 821 W (maker). Charge time not stated.", "materials": "Maker claims 100% automotive-grade components and sub-millimetre precision assembly. Weight 185 kg; height adjustable 1,225-1,795 mm.", "software": "Genie RL for rapid deployment; NVIDIA Isaac toolchain; app-based joint and force control, VR teleoperation, motion record/playback, mapping and navigation, Chinese/English voice interaction, data collection and an HTTP SDK with OTA updates.", "other": "IP42. Expressive facial animations, eye-gaze tracking and multi-user conversation. Wheeled base up to 1.5 m/s with crab-walk. A heavy-payload G2 Max (July 2026) and single-arm G2 Air (April 2026) extend the line.", "sources": [ "hs-8a22af0217", "hs-cda1e5759f", "hs-b4ae57b5a2", "hs-450fe037bb", "hs-34ced90db2", "hs-85e6f82581", "hs-8657419b80" ] }, "production": { "built": "Not broken out for G2; AgiBot reported 5,000 robots shipped by January 2026, its 10,000th robot in March 2026 and its 15,000th in June 2026 (company-wide, maker figures).", "sold": "Sold to industrial customers; price not published.", "where": "China (AgiBot, Shanghai)", "customers": "Longcheer Technology deployed G2 on a Nanchang tablet line (integrated in under 36 hours, about 3,000 units per shift, maker figures); AgiBot also names PIA Automation, Sichuan Cultural Tourism and Guangzhou Railway as partners." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-22", "title": "Video: AgiBot G2 teleoperation at J-HRTI Kanto Data Factory", "summary": "Moriyama's video shows an operator teleoperating an AgiBot G2 at the J-HRTI Kanto Data Factory to record manipulation data.", "publisher": "YouTube (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UWuQwqmntco" }, { "date": "2026-08-26", "title": "J-HRTI Kanto Data Factory teleoperates AgiBot G2 for training data", "summary": "The J-HRTI consortium's new data factory in Narashino, Chiba, runs 35 teleoperated robots including AgiBot G2 units to collect humanoid training data, and plans 'satellite sites' to gather work data at small and mid-sized firms.", "publisher": "note (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/n59c4eea9aa2e" }, { "date": "2026-07-18", "title": "AgiBot adds G2 Max and cites Longcheer G2 line", "summary": "At WAIC 2026 AgiBot launched the heavy-payload G2 Max and described G2 robots running on Longcheer's Nanchang tablet line.", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.agibot.com/article/231/detail/85.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-11", "title": "Daido demos AgiBot G2 feeding parts at RTJ2026", "summary": "Trading house Daido showed an AgiBot G2 supplying parts to a parts feeder at Robot Technology Japan 2026 in Aichi, pitching it for tasks that depend on individual workers.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2606/30/news015.html" }, { "date": "2026-04-17", "title": "Compact G2 Air joins the family", "summary": "AgiBot unveiled a single-arm G2 Air mobile manipulator alongside new hands and AI models at its partner conference.", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.agibot.com/article/231/detail/63.html" }, { "date": "2026-01-05", "title": "G2 series shown at CES 2026", "summary": "AgiBot presented the G2 industrial series at its US debut at CES, saying it had shipped 5,000 robots.", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.agibot.com/article/231/detail/30.html" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "AgiBot shows new G2 semi-humanoid in Japan at iREX 2025", "summary": "AgiBot, preparing a Japanese subsidiary, displayed the G2 alongside its A2 and X2 humanoids at the 2025 International Robot Exhibition in Tokyo.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2512/18/news014.html" }, { "date": "2025-10-16", "title": "Agibot introduces industrial-grade G2", "summary": "AgiBot announced the G2 as an industrial-grade robot with force-controlled arms and full-arm torque sensing.", "publisher": "AgiBot (via PR Newswire)", "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/agibot-unveils-next-gen-industrial-grade-interactive-embodied-robot-agibot-g2-302586152.html" } ], "availability": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "how": "Business enquiry form on the product page; no public order page for G2 on that page.", "support": "A warranty card ships in the box; a user manual and after-sales guide sit in the maker's document center; warranty terms are not published on the page.", "note": "The page names no sales regions. The maker's store site is linked in the menu but G2 is not shown there.", "source": "https://www.agibot.com/products/G2" }, "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "none-found", "note": "No SDK, API or developer pages for G2 on the maker's site when checked. Open-source pages cover the X1 robot; the Genie Studio page does not list G2 and offers only a business contact.", "source": "https://www.agibot.com/DOCS/OS" }, "video": { "id": "WrSpfnEtzPA", "title": "AGIBOT G2: The Next Generation of Industrial-Grade Interactive Embodied Operation Robots", "channel": "AGIBOT (@AGIBOTofficial)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/agibot-genie-g2-2025.jpg", "author": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.agibot.com/products/G2", "page": "https://www.agibot.com/products/G2", "kind": "maker", "w": 467, "h": 855 } }, { "id": "bytedance-seed-bytemini-2025", "name": "ByteMini", "maker": "ByteDance Seed", "makerId": "bytedance-seed", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-07", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "home" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 22, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 10, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled bimanual research robot with a head carrying an RGB-D camera, two 7-DoF arms with compact spherical wrists and wrist cameras, a lift for height adjustment and an omnidirectional base (22 DoF in all). ByteDance Seed used it in the GR-3 report as the real-world platform for its GR-3 vision-language-action model (pick-and-place, table bussing and cloth handling); the battery is quoted at over 10 hours.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-08748f4ff3" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-07", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/bytedance-seed-bytemini-2025.jpg", "author": "ByteDance Seed", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://seed.bytedance.com/en/GR3", "page": "https://seed.bytedance.com/en/GR3", "kind": "maker", "w": 854, "h": 480 } }, { "id": "robotera-l7-2025", "name": "L7", "maker": "Robotera (Robot Era)", "makerId": "robotera", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-07", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "logistics", "industrial", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 171, "weightKg": null, "dof": 55, "speedKmh": 14.4, "payloadKg": 20, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Claimed top speed of 14.4 km/h, called possibly the fastest humanoid on sale in 2025.", "deployments": "Robotera says it had delivered over 200 robots across its range by mid-2025.", "summary": "Successor to STAR1 that can sprint, spin-jump and dance yet also pack parcels; offered as full-body or upper-body versions with swappable batteries.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-27d6bfc05a", "hs-be82b13af4" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-07", "event": "Robotera reveal, reported by China Daily on 23 July 2025", "url": "https://heise.de/-10499687" }, "released": { "date": "2025", "note": "on sale" }, "components": { "actuators": "55 DoF; motors deliver up to 400 Nm; two arms lift about 20 kg.", "sensors": "Panoramic cameras, depth sensors and real-time positioning for 360-degree view.", "software": "Whole-body 'Body and Brain' control system (details undisclosed); Robot Era's ERA-42 VLA model family.", "other": "14.4 km/h on a flat track (not an official record).", "sources": [ "hs-be82b13af4", "hs-091e80dcdf" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Robot Era reports cumulative orders above 500 million yuan, about half overseas (company, March 2026).", "where": "China and overseas." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-03-05", "title": "Robot Era valued above 10 billion yuan", "summary": "Strategic round with Samsung and Singtel; cumulative orders above 500 million yuan, half overseas (company).", "publisher": "Caixin Global", "url": "https://www.caixinglobal.com/2026-03-05/chinas-robot-era-valued-at-over-10-billion-yuan-102419832.html" }, { "date": "2025-07-25", "title": "Robotera L7 reaches 14.4 km/h", "summary": "heise calls the 171 cm, 55-DoF L7 probably the fastest humanoid on sale.", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://heise.de/-10499687" }, { "date": "2025-07-07", "title": "Robot Era raises about $69 million Series A", "summary": "Over 200 robots delivered globally by June 2025 (company).", "publisher": "Caixin Global", "url": "https://www.caixinglobal.com/2025-07-08/humanoid-robotics-startup-robot-era-secures-69-million-series-a-funding-102338987.html" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://www.robotera.com/en/#/purchase", "type": null, "label": "Enterprise purchase inquiry", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "9Ti9Mi8rbIQ", "title": "Robotera Sword Dance for Chinese New Year — Tradition Meets Technology", "channel": "ROBOTERA" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/robotera-l7-2025.jpg", "author": "Robotera (Robot Era)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/product/396.html", "page": "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/product/396.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 600, "h": 800 } }, { "id": "thk-fred-hr-s01-2025", "name": "FRED (HR-S01)", "maker": "THK", "makerId": "thk", "country": "Japan", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-07-02", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 120, "weightKg": 37.3, "dof": 20, "speedKmh": 13.8, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "THK says it ran at 13.8 km/h (3.8 m/s) in a May 2025 test and bills it as faster than any other robot.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A 120 cm, 37 kg research humanoid from linear-motion parts maker THK, built for fast, impact-tolerant and precise motion (FRED stands for Flexible Robust Engineering Design), with 6 joints per leg and 4 per arm. THK's article does not describe a head; it was shown running at the Expo 2025 Osaka 'Future Creation Robot Week' in July 2025.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-fe7d17e29f", "hs-9408bcdb18" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-07-02", "event": "THK journal article (shown at Expo 2025 Osaka, 13-19 July)", "url": "https://www.thk.com/jp/en/journal/products/article-02072025-1.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Research and development stage." }, "components": { "actuators": "THK RA-C80-04 rotary actuators: cycloidal gear with an outer-rotor motor and forced-air cooling; 160 N·m peak torque, 100 rpm, 960 W peak, 85 mm diameter, 960 g. 20 DoF (6 per leg, 4 per arm).", "compute": "FPGA-based hardware controller for hard real-time control at a 1 ms cycle.", "materials": "Legs use linkage mechanisms that mimic biarticular muscles to absorb running impacts; leg length 700 mm.", "other": "1,200 mm tall, 37.3 kg. Reached 13.8 km/h (3.8 m/s) in a May 2025 running test. Shown at Expo 2025 Osaka's Future Creation Robot Week, 13-19 July 2025.", "sources": [ "hs-fe7d17e29f" ] }, "production": { "built": "Research prototype.", "sold": "Not sold.", "where": "Japan (THK)", "customers": "None; THK frames it as a step toward general-purpose humanoids and a showcase for its components." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-07-02", "title": "THK introduces running humanoid FRED", "summary": "THK described FRED's cycloidal actuators, FPGA control and 3.8 m/s running test ahead of Expo 2025 Osaka.", "publisher": "THK", "url": "https://www.thk.com/jp/en/journal/products/article-02072025-1.html" } ], "video": { "id": "tUbyBjB5BB8", "title": "Humanoid Robot FRED Reaches 13.8km/h (3.8m/s) (tracking view) | THK", "channel": "THK Official (@THKofficial)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/thk-fred-hr-s01-2025.jpg", "author": "THK Co., Ltd.", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.thk.com/jp/en/journal/products/article-02072025-1.html", "page": "https://www.thk.com/jp/en/journal/products/article-02072025-1.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "magiclab-magicbot-z1-2025", "name": "MagicBot Z1", "maker": "MagicLab", "makerId": "magiclab", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-07-08", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "education", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 137, "weightKg": 40, "dof": 24, "speedKmh": 9, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "No maker price; a guide lists $50,000 and a US reseller from $52,800.", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A 1.37 m, 40 kg high-dynamic biped (24 DOF base, up to 50 in development version) shown doing backflips and kicks.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-25ae4d45db", "hs-202ceb224b" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-07-08", "event": "MagicLab launch", "url": "https://www.magiclab.top/news/55" }, "released": { "date": "2025", "note": "sold to research and exhibition customers" }, "components": { "actuators": "In-house joint modules over 130 Nm each, up to 320-degree range; 24 DoF base, expandable to 50.", "hands": "Dexterous hands available on the Developer Edition (MagicHand line).", "sensors": "3D LiDAR, depth cameras, binocular cameras, visual and tactile sensing.", "compute": "Optional high-performance compute packages on Developer Edition.", "materials": "High-strength aluminium alloy and engineering plastics, topology-optimised.", "software": "MagicLab navigation system, multi-source motion database, standard robot controller, Z1 SDK; claims a new motion sequence can be learned in 20 minutes.", "sources": [ "hs-25ae4d45db", "hs-202ceb224b" ] }, "production": { "sold": "MagicLab reports letters of intent of 500 million yuan and firm orders of 130 million yuan since sales began in May 2025 (company, all products).", "where": "China; shown at CES 2026.", "customers": "100+ partner organisations in proof-of-concept pilots (company)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-01-07", "title": "MagicLab shows Z1 and new robots at CES 2026", "summary": "Company says products are in mass production with deliveries under way.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/ces-2026-magiclab-unveils-multiple-robots-2008877071130783744" }, { "date": "2025-07-08", "title": "MagicLab unveils MagicBot Z1", "summary": "1.4 m humanoid with 24-50 DoF, on sale immediately.", "publisher": "MagicLab", "url": "https://www.magiclab.top/news/55" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://www.magiclabglobal.com/contact/", "type": null, "label": "Maker's website", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "XGfSCtQzaKw", "title": "MagicLab Presents MagicBot Z1: Next-Gen Bipedal Humanoid Robot", "channel": "MagicLab" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/magiclab-magicbot-z1-2025.jpg", "author": "MagicLab", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.magiclabglobal.com/products/magicbot-z1/", "page": "https://www.magiclabglobal.com/products/magicbot-z1/", "kind": "maker", "w": 697, "h": 840 } }, { "id": "leju-roban-2-2025", "name": "Roban 2", "maker": "Leju Robotics", "makerId": "leju", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-07-17", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "education", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 45, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A small-to-medium biped humanoid for teaching and embodied-AI development, with hot-swappable batteries and four versions from 23 to 45 DoF; the top version adds five-finger dexterous hands, depth cameras, lidar and a 117 TOPS computer (the maximum DoF is given).", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-fd9d9a64f1", "hs-71a42bb9e4" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-07-17", "event": "Maker teaser video 'ROBAN2 Teaser Begins' (17 Jul 2025), the earliest dated source found", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMYwsXXIRJk" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Sold in four versions; prices not published on the maker page" }, "components": { "sources": [ "hs-fd9d9a64f1" ] }, "production": { "where": "China (Leju, Shenzhen)" }, "video": { "id": "FMYwsXXIRJk", "title": "ROBAN2 Teaser Begins | More Updates Coming Soon…", "channel": "Leju Robotics (@LejuRobotics)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/leju-roban-2-2025.jpg", "author": "Leju Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.lejurobot.com/en/products/roban2", "page": "https://www.lejurobot.com/en/products/roban2", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 490 } }, { "id": "unitree-r1-2025", "name": "R1", "maker": "Unitree Robotics", "makerId": "unitree", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-07-25", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "education", "entertainment", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 123, "weightKg": 29, "dof": 26, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 1, "priceUsd": 5900, "priceNote": "$5,900 at launch (R1)", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "One of the first full-body humanoids sold for under $6,000.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A light 1.23 m acrobatic humanoid aimed at developers, schools and hobbyists, able to cartwheel, run and box. Standard hands are fixed; dexterous hands come only with the EDU version.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-29c7ca091a", "hs-3037a4640b", "hs-5ccf3894e5" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-07-25", "event": "Unitree reveal video", "url": "https://gigazine.net/gsc_news/en/20250728-unitree-r1-humanoid-robot" }, "released": { "date": "2025", "note": "on sale via Unitree store" }, "components": { "actuators": "Low-inertia high-speed internal-rotor PMSM joints with crossed roller bearings; 20 DoF (R1 AIR), 26 DoF (R1) or 26-40 DoF (EDU): 6 per leg, 4-5 per arm, 2-DoF waist and 2-DoF head on R1/EDU.", "hands": "Dexterous hand optional on R1 EDU only.", "sensors": "Monocular camera (AIR) or binocular camera (R1/EDU); 4-microphone array and speaker. No LiDAR listed.", "compute": "8-core processor with GPU (model not named); EDU can add an NVIDIA Orin module (40-100 TOPS).", "battery": "Quick-release smart lithium battery, about 1 hour runtime; capacity not published.", "materials": "Lightweight structure with hollow internal wiring and local air cooling; about 25-29 kg.", "software": "Integrated large multimodal model for voice and images; open joint and sensor interfaces; supports mainstream simulators; OTA updates.", "other": "Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5.2", "sources": [ "hs-29c7ca091a", "hs-5ccf3894e5", "hs-fc19fa651b" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Unitree says it shipped more than 5,500 humanoids in 2025 and produced over 6,500 (company figure, all models, wheeled dual-arm excluded); its prospectus counts 5,632 humanoids sold 2023-2025. Omdia estimated 4,200 Unitree humanoids in 2025. No per-model split published.", "where": "Sold worldwide through Unitree and resellers; overseas sales were 43.65% of 2025 main-business revenue (company)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-08-19", "title": "Unitree lists on Shanghai's STAR Market", "summary": "Unitree (688836.SH) opened at 1,100 yuan against a 150.80 yuan IPO price after raising about 6.1 billion yuan.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/unitree-surges-629-at-open-one-lot-yields-up-to-470000-yuan-market-cap-exceeds-400-billion-yuan-2090018320131842049" }, { "date": "2026-01-22", "title": "Unitree says it shipped over 5,500 humanoids in 2025", "summary": "Company figure counting only delivered units; Omdia had estimated about 4,200.", "publisher": "Jiemian", "url": "https://en.jiemian.com/article/13924474.html" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "Unitree R1 shown at iREX 2025, Japan sales from spring 2026", "summary": "Distributor TechShare demonstrated the small R1 humanoid in Tokyo and said sales in Japan would start in spring 2026 or later.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2512/18/news014.html" }, { "date": "2025-07-25", "title": "Unitree announces R1 at $5,900", "summary": "The 1.21-1.23 m R1 was shown doing cartwheels and spin kicks.", "publisher": "GIGAZINE", "url": "https://gigazine.net/gsc_news/en/20250728-unitree-r1-humanoid-robot" } ], "availability": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "how": "Online through the maker's UniStore; the page lists R1 AIR at $4,900 and R1 at $5,900 before tax and shipping. The R1 EDU has no public price or order page.", "support": "Warranty of 6 months (R1 AIR), 8 months (R1) and 12 months (R1 EDU); a customer service console and document center are linked.", "note": "The page names no sales regions or distributors.", "source": "https://www.unitree.com/R1" }, "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "open", "how": "C++ SDK (unitree_sdk2) lists R1 among supported robots, with Python and Rust interfaces, ROS and MuJoCo simulation packages and XR teleoperation code, all public on GitHub", "note": "The R1 page marks secondary development as available on the R1 EDU only, and the EDU has no public price.", "sdkUrl": "https://github.com/unitreerobotics/unitree_sdk2", "source": "https://github.com/unitreerobotics" }, "buy": { "url": "https://shop.unitree.com/products/unitree-r1", "type": "store", "label": "Buy from Unitree", "price": "From $4,900.00 USD (R1 Air); R1 EDU via sales; shipping est. $300-$1,200", "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/unitree-r1-2025.jpg", "author": "Unitree Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://shop.unitree.com/products/unitree-r1", "page": "https://shop.unitree.com/products/unitree-r1", "kind": "maker", "w": 569, "h": 569 } }, { "id": "pndbotics-adam-u-2025", "name": "Adam-U", "maker": "PNDbotics", "makerId": "pndbotics", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-07-26", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": 177, "weightKg": 61, "dof": 31, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 45000, "priceNote": "In-stock price reported at launch.", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "An upper-body humanoid on a fixed, height-adjustable stand (1.35-1.77 m) made for collecting robot-training data: an operator in a Noitom motion-capture suit drives it, and it uses Inspire Robots' 6-DoF tactile hands, a 2-DoF head with stereo vision and a 3-DoF braked waist. An Adam-U Ultra version with a preloaded VLA model followed in January 2026.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-3ee67a782f", "hs-a182320f18" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-07-26", "event": "Official launch at WAIC 2025, Shanghai", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-humanoid-robot-nails-human-like-motion" }, "released": { "date": "2025-07-28", "note": "Pre-orders open with in-stock units." }, "components": { "actuators": "31 DoF in total, including a 2-DoF head and a 3-DoF waist with a built-in brake; the later Adam-U Ultra uses precision QDD joints.", "hands": "Inspire Robots RH56E2 six-DoF tactile dexterous hands (included in the data-collection package).", "sensors": "Binocular (stereo) vision in the head.", "software": "Built for reinforcement and imitation learning, with access to NVIDIA Isaac Gym training environments; Adam-U Ultra ships with a preloaded VLA model and over 10,000 real-world data samples, and PNDbotics offers post-training services.", "other": "Fixed, height-adjustable platform (1.35-1.77 m), 61 kg; no legs. Driven by an operator in a Noitom PNLink wired inertial motion-capture suit for data collection.", "sources": [ "hs-3ee67a782f", "hs-a182320f18", "hs-41c9545a30" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Pre-orders opened in July 2025 with in-stock units at $45,000; unit sales not disclosed.", "where": "China (Ningbo and Tianjin bases)", "customers": "Aimed at AI researchers, robotics engineers and universities; no named customers." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-07-20", "title": "Adam-U runs VLA picking at WAIC 2026", "summary": "Two Adam-U units ran different embodied-AI models picking items on spoken commands and served as a mocap data platform.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/waic-2026-pndbotics-unveils-stair-climbing-robot-in-first-public-debut-2079203963885813760" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "title": "Adam-U Ultra adds a preloaded VLA model", "summary": "PNDbotics said Adam-U Ultra can learn and deploy new skills within hours with no extra calibration.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/chinas-humanoid-robot-masters-complex-skills" }, { "date": "2025-07-28", "title": "Adam-U opens for orders at $45,000", "summary": "The 31-DoF upper-body data-collection robot launched at WAIC 2025 with Inspire hands and a Noitom mocap suit.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-humanoid-robot-nails-human-like-motion" } ], "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "open", "how": "Python and C++ SDK, ROS 2 DDS packages, an Adam-U deployment package, motion-capture teleoperation and an Isaac Lab example on the maker's GitHub", "note": "Organisation page links to the maker's website; licence and per-repo detail not checked.", "sdkUrl": "https://github.com/pndbotics", "source": "https://github.com/pndbotics" }, "video": { "id": "7RymFDfhNgE", "title": "PNDbotics Unveils Humanoid Robots at WAIC 2025 | Adam & Adam-U Take the Stage!", "channel": "PNDbotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/pndbotics-adam-u-2025.jpg", "author": "PNDbotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/product/340.html", "page": "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/product/340.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 750, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "casbot-w1-2025", "name": "CASBOT W1", "maker": "CASBOT (Beijing Zhongke Huiling Robot Technology)", "makerId": "casbot", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-07-26", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "retail", "logistics", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 210, "weightKg": 260, "dof": 20, "speedKmh": 4.3, "payloadKg": 10, "batteryHours": 5, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "no public price", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled humanoid with a lifting column, a 2-DoF head with cameras and a display, and two 7-joint arms ending in grippers (dexterous hands optional), built for shelf work and sorting. Height runs from 112 cm to 210 cm extended (max used here); payload is 10 kg headline, 5 kg per arm in the spec table.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-5d087be3d8", "hs-aad2073511", "hs-6788f19c17" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-07-26", "event": "WAIC 2025, Shanghai", "url": "https://news.pedaily.cn/20250728/111437.shtml" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "listed as a product on the maker site; no purchase link" }, "components": { "actuators": "20 DoF: 7 per arm, 2 in the head, 1 waist pitch, 1 lift column, 2 chassis. Arm repeatability +/-0.05 mm, 610 mm working radius.", "hands": "Two-DoF grippers by default; swappable for a dexterous hand (15 N grip force) or suction cup. 5 kg per arm (10 kg headline payload).", "sensors": "Head stereo camera and structured-light RGB-D camera; RGB-D cameras on each wrist and the chest; two-microphone array; optional 360-degree lidar in the abdomen.", "compute": "Industrial PC with an Intel Core i9 CPU and NVIDIA RTX 4060 GPU, plus an RK3588 interaction module.", "battery": "48 V 25 Ah LiFePO4; 4-5 hours runtime; 2-hour charge; docks to charge on its own.", "materials": "Alloy and engineering-plastic body; about 260 kg; listed as IP68.", "software": "CASBOT Embodied Brain 2.0 (brain, cerebellum and body layers): multimodal LLM for task breakdown, in-house VLA model for grasping and placing, RL-tuned control; voice and graphical task programming; OTA updates. CASBOT claims new tasks can be learned in 45-90 minutes.", "other": "Differential-drive base, up to 1.2 m/s, +/-10 mm navigation accuracy; working height 0-2.1 m. Remote controller included; puppeteering teleoperation rig optional. Reported to work in a -20 C cold store.", "sources": [ "hs-5d087be3d8", "hs-aad2073511", "hs-6788f19c17" ] }, "production": { "built": "CASBOT targeted about 100 units per product line in 2025.", "sold": "Not disclosed.", "where": "Beijing, China", "customers": "None named; aimed at retail, warehousing, sorting and factory automation." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-07-28", "title": "W1 debuts at WAIC 2025", "summary": "CASBOT's wheeled W1 picked and binned items on instructions from CASBOT 02 in a WAIC booth demo.", "publisher": "Pedaily", "url": "https://news.pedaily.cn/20250728/111437.shtml" }, { "date": "2025-07-10", "title": "CASBOT previews W1 for WAIC", "summary": "CASBOT announced the W1 with 7-DoF arms, a lifting chassis and its Embodied Brain 2.0.", "publisher": "Leaderobot", "url": "https://leaderobot.com/news/5787" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/casbot-w1-2025.jpg", "author": "CASBOT", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.casbot.tech/product/w1", "page": "https://www.casbot.tech/product/w1", "kind": "maker", "w": 576, "h": 697 } }, { "id": "cyborg-robotics-cyborg-r01-2025", "name": "Cyborg-R01", "maker": "Shenzhen Cyborg Robotics (Xborg Robotics)", "makerId": "shenzhen-cyborg", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-07-26", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 62, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 20, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Company-sponsored coverage in July 2025 mentioned trials at a hazardous-chemicals warehouse in Shandong, a Shanxi coal mine and a Yangtze River Delta industrial park; not independently confirmed.", "summary": "A full-size humanoid from a Shenzhen startup built for heavy work in risky industrial sites, using its chest, shoulders and knees as well as its arms to carry awkward loads. The maker claims 62 joints including 16-DoF hands and a 20 kg two-arm payload.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-511e53f3a8", "hs-fa4d7532c1" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-07-26", "event": "WAIC 2025, Shanghai", "url": "https://cn.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202507/29/WS688854c3a310a07bb590ab70.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "described as a mass-production version in promotional coverage; no price" }, "components": { "actuators": "Tendon-driven 'TendonFlex' system with 16 artificial tendons and claimed 0.1 N force control; 62 DoF in total; peak joint torque 411 N·m.", "hands": "16-DoF dexterous hands; both arms together carry up to 20 kg.", "sensors": "Lidar, infrared thermal imaging and tactile sensing.", "compute": "Partners supply an NPU/LPDDR5 compute-in-memory chip and a mobile HBM chip (Xinji Semiconductor, Quantum Xinyun) and a domain controller.", "materials": "All-metal aluminium-magnesium alloy body; partners cover lightweight materials (Shenyang Foundry Institute), magnesium body casting (Fujian Mgcast) and coatings.", "software": "Cyborg OmniContact Intelligence (OMCI) whole-body multi-contact control that spreads loads over arms, shoulders, chest and back, plus a brain-inspired decision system.", "other": "Crosses 15 cm obstacles. Company claims over 90% autonomy and 99.8% sorting accuracy in a three-robot relay; these are vendor figures.", "sources": [ "hs-511e53f3a8", "hs-fa4d7532c1" ] }, "production": { "built": "Not disclosed.", "sold": "Not disclosed.", "where": "Shenzhen, China; body design and production strategy with Leader Drive.", "customers": "Use cases reported in hazardous-chemical warehouses (Shandong), coal mines (Shanxi), Yangtze River Delta industrial parks and power-plant inspection; customers not named." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-07-29", "title": "Cyborg-R01 heavy-duty humanoid debuts at WAIC", "summary": "China Daily described the tendon-driven 62-DoF robot for high-risk industrial jobs and its supplier ecosystem.", "publisher": "China Daily", "url": "https://cn.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202507/29/WS688854c3a310a07bb590ab70.html" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/cyborg-robotics-cyborg-r01-2025.jpg", "author": "Shenzhen Cyborg Robotics (Shenzhen Xborg Robotics)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/product/408.html", "page": "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/product/408.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "haier-hiva-2025", "name": "HIVA (Haiwa)", "maker": "Haier", "makerId": "haier", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-07-26", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "home" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 165, "weightKg": 70, "dof": 44, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Haier's household humanoid on a wheeled base, developed with Robotera and shown doing laundry, ironing, cooking, fetching items and opening fridges, reaching from the floor to about 2 m. Haier said the early demos were teleoperated by engineers while it gathers training data.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-56c5bd96ce", "hs-b75267c1f7" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-07-26", "event": "Unveiled by Haier (reported by IT Home)", "url": "https://www.ithome.com/0/870/969.htm" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "shown again as the Haiwa household robot at AWE 2026; no sale date" }, "components": { "actuators": "44 DoF across the body; 165 cm, 70 kg.", "hands": "Dexterous hands.", "software": "Early demos were teleoperated by engineers; the household tasks double as data collection for training.", "other": "Wheeled base; reaches from floor level to about 2 m. Demos covered mopping, cooking, and ironing, folding and storing laundry. Developed with Beijing Robotera under a March 2025 smart-home robot agreement.", "sources": [ "hs-56c5bd96ce", "hs-b75267c1f7" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not sold.", "where": "China", "customers": "None; Haier's first home-service robot." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-02-24", "title": "Haier sets out home-robot strategy", "summary": "Haier described HIVA as its first home service robot and a step toward robots in many homes.", "publisher": "Haier", "url": "https://www.haier.com/about_haier/xinwen/20260224_287248.shtml" }, { "date": "2025-07-26", "title": "Haier unveils HIVA household humanoid", "summary": "IT Home reported Haier's 44-DoF wheeled HIVA and that the shown chores were remotely operated.", "publisher": "IT Home", "url": "https://www.ithome.com/0/870/969.htm" } ], "video": { "id": "YrhiRBuY_vQ", "title": "Not Just a Machine, But a Member of the Home: A Day with HIVA.", "channel": "Haierobots" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/haier-hiva-2025.jpg", "author": "Haier Smart Home", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/product/1110.html", "page": "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/product/1110.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 328, "h": 858 } }, { "id": "shanghai-electric-suyuan-2025", "name": "Suyuan", "maker": "Shanghai Electric", "makerId": "shanghai", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-07-26", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 167, "weightKg": 50, "dof": 38, "speedKmh": 5, "payloadKg": 10, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Shanghai Electric's first self-developed industrial humanoid, 1.67 m and 50 kg with 38 degrees of freedom and lidar plus stereo vision, piloted at picking and moving mixed crates in warehouses. Payload is total cargo; a single arm lifts 2 kg. An updated bipedal Suyuan with 41 degrees of freedom and hot-swap batteries was shown at WAIC 2026.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-eb4041b989", "hs-56c772eaf5" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-07-26", "event": "World Artificial Intelligence Conference (WAIC 2025), Shanghai", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2025/08/04/shanghai-electric-debuts-its-first-industrial-humanoid-robots/93477/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "pilot tests only" }, "components": { "actuators": "38 degrees of freedom (2025 model); 41 on the 2026 bipedal version. Motor type not published; Shanghai Electric's joint venture with Johnson Electric showed rotary, linear and finger joints, and the group makes a planetary roller screw, but neither is confirmed inside Suyuan.", "hands": "Not described. Single arm lifts about 2 kg; total cargo up to 10 kg. The group also makes a DexHand dexterous hand, not confirmed for Suyuan.", "sensors": "LiDAR fused with binocular (stereo) vision for self-guided movement (2025). The 2026 version has multimodal vision sensors on the head and torso.", "compute": "275 TOPS on-device AI processor supporting LLM integration (2025 report); chip not named.", "battery": "Not published for 2025 model; the 2026 bipedal version has a dual-battery hot-swap system.", "materials": "Not published. 1.67 m, 50 kg.", "software": "Computer vision and synchronised joint control for crate picking; LLM integration for task interpretation and adaptive handling (2025).", "other": "Walks about 5 km/h. Shanghai Electric reports 189 humanoid patent applications, 120 granted.", "sources": [ "hs-eb4041b989", "hs-56c772eaf5" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Pilot tests only; price not published.", "where": "China (Shanghai Electric, Shanghai)", "customers": "No named pilot customers. Related deals: first-unit supply agreement with the National and Local Co-Built Humanoid Robotics Innovation Center (Qinglong project) and a cooperation memo with Fourier." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-07-30", "title": "Bipedal Suyuan with 41 DoF shown at WAIC 2026", "summary": "Shanghai Electric showed an updated bipedal Suyuan with hot-swap batteries next to its Tuoyuan and Mermaid wheeled humanoids.", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2026/07/30/shanghai-electric-unveils-humanoids-and-industrial-robots-and-ai-smart-factory-technologies/103773/" }, { "date": "2025-07-26", "title": "Shanghai Electric debuts Suyuan at WAIC 2025", "summary": "The group's first in-house industrial humanoid made its global debut and was shown sorting mixed crates in pilot tests.", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2025/08/04/shanghai-electric-debuts-its-first-industrial-humanoid-robots/93477/" } ] }, { "id": "droidup-walker-3-2025", "name": "Walker 3 (Xingzhe 3)", "maker": "DroidUp (Shanghai Zhuoyide Robotics)", "makerId": "droidup", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-07-26", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "retail", "social" ], "locomotion": "unknown", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "The third robot in DroidUp's Xingzhe (Walker) series, which the company says made its global debut at WAIC 2025 in Shanghai. At the Yunqi Conference in September 2025 it worked as a drinks-bar server; DroidUp has published no specifications, so its form beyond being a humanoid is not confirmed here.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-96e4644243" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-07-26", "event": "Global debut at WAIC 2025, Shanghai (per DroidUp)", "url": "https://www.droidup.com/news" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "no sale or price announced" }, "components": { "other": "DroidUp has published no specifications for Walker 3 (Xingzhe 3). Its predecessor Walker 2 uses an ultralight, tendon-driven bionic structure; whether Walker 3 shares it is not stated.", "sources": [ "hs-96e4644243" ] }, "production": { "where": "Shanghai, China (Zhangjiang Robot Valley)", "customers": "Served drinks at the Yunqi (Apsara) Conference in Hangzhou, 24-26 September 2025. DroidUp announced a 1,000-unit mass-production agreement with a national-local innovation centre in July 2026 for its 'fully bionic' line; the model is not named." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-07-19", "title": "DroidUp signs 1,000-unit production deal", "summary": "At WAIC 2026 DroidUp announced a thousand-unit mass-production agreement with a national-local innovation centre.", "publisher": "DroidUp", "url": "https://www.droidup.com/news" }, { "date": "2026-02-04", "title": "DroidUp closes Pre-A+ round", "summary": "DroidUp raised nearly 100 million yuan led by Pudong Leading Area Investment Center and Zhangjiang Science and Technology VC.", "publisher": "DroidUp", "url": "https://www.droidup.com/news" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/droidup-walker-3-2025.jpg", "author": "DroidUp (Shanghai Zhuoyide Robot Co.)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.droidup.com/news", "page": "https://www.droidup.com/news", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 667 } }, { "id": "keenon-xman-f1-2025", "name": "XMAN-F1", "maker": "Keenon Robotics", "makerId": "keenon", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-07-26", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "retail", "healthcare", "social" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Keenon's first bipedal humanoid, from a company best known for restaurant delivery robots.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A bipedal service humanoid from delivery-robot maker Keenon, premiered at WAIC 2025 making popcorn, mixing drinks and giving spoken product presentations, and paired with Keenon's delivery and hospital logistics robots in demo scenes. Keenon has not published specifications or a price.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-a202eb62e9", "hs-6184ad9628", "hs-9695c9baf4" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-07-26", "event": "WAIC 2025, Shanghai", "url": "https://www.aap.com.au/aapreleases/cision20250726ae35973" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "listed on Keenon's site; no price or delivery date published" }, "components": { "software": "Multimodal interaction and large language models; Keenon has since released its own service VLA models (KOM 2.0 in September 2025, KOM 3.0 in 2026) without tying them to XMAN-F1 specifically.", "other": "Biped. Designed to work alongside Keenon's M104 hospital logistics robot and T10 delivery robot. Shown making popcorn, mixing drinks and giving stage presentations.", "sources": [ "hs-a202eb62e9", "hs-6184ad9628", "hs-9695c9baf4", "hs-a595329d88" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not sold; proof-of-concept trials with hospitality and delivery clients.", "where": "Shanghai, China", "customers": "Bar demo with Johnnie Walker Blue Label at WAIC 2025; no paying customers named. Keenon's later hotel and barista deployments use the XMAN-R1, not the F1." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-07-28", "title": "Keenon's XMAN-F1 targets hospitality", "summary": "Keenon's CEO said the biped will move from single tasks to multiple tasks via client trials.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/keenon-debuts-xman-f1-humanoid-at-waic" }, { "date": "2025-07-26", "title": "Keenon debuts first biped humanoid at WAIC", "summary": "Keenon premiered the XMAN-F1 at WAIC 2025 in medical, bar and stage scenes.", "publisher": "AAP / Cision", "url": "https://www.aap.com.au/aapreleases/cision20250726ae35973" } ], "video": { "id": "mghgzzAcOCw", "title": "KEENON Events | WAIC 2025 | Real-World Smart Service in Action", "channel": "KEENON Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/keenon-xman-f1-2025.jpg", "author": "Keenon Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.keenon.com/en/product/XMAN-F1", "page": "https://www.keenon.com/en/product/XMAN-F1", "kind": "maker", "w": 600, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "usst-droidup-xueba-01-2025", "name": "Xueba 01", "maker": "University of Shanghai for Science and Technology with DroidUp", "makerId": "university-of-shanghai", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-07-27", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "entertainment", "education", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": 32, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 6, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Billed as China's first robot doctoral student, admitted to a four-year PhD programme at the Shanghai Theatre Academy.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A performing humanoid built on an improved Walker 2 (Xingzhe 2) body with a silicone face that can make over 100 expressions; it was admitted as a PhD student in digital performance design at the Shanghai Theatre Academy and registered on campus in September 2025. Its university says it can perform for more than six hours and sing pieces of Chinese opera.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-97c529a67c", "hs-2886f65513", "hs-e39827abe2", "hs-96e4644243" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-07-27", "event": "Announced at WAIC 2025, Shanghai", "url": "https://gulfnews.com/world/chinas-first-humanoid-robot-enrolls-in-phd-in-drama-and-film-sparks-major-controversy-1.500221600" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "one-off research and performance robot, not sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Built on an optimised Walker 2 (Xingzhe 2) body with an ultralight, tendon-based bionic structure.", "battery": "Runs more than six hours, even under heavy use (Xinhua via USST).", "materials": "Silicone face skin able to make over 100 expressions; 1.75 m tall, about 30-32 kg; height and appearance adjustable.", "software": "Language processing that turns instructions into performance proposals and adjusts to audience feedback; trained on motion-capture data of human performers, with learning from video planned. Speaks Mandarin.", "other": "Enrolled as a doctoral student in digital performance design at the Shanghai Theatre Academy (four-year programme), supervised by Li Qingdu (USST) and Yang Qingqing (STA). USST handles technical training; STA handles artistic training.", "sources": [ "hs-97c529a67c", "hs-2886f65513", "hs-e39827abe2", "hs-96e4644243" ] }, "production": { "built": "One research unit.", "sold": "Not sold.", "where": "Shanghai, China (USST with DroidUp)", "customers": "Shanghai Theatre Academy (academic programme)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-09-22", "title": "Robot PhD student begins opera studies", "summary": "Xinhua, republished by USST, described Xueba 01's specs and its plan to learn traditional Chinese opera movements.", "publisher": "University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (Xinhua)", "url": "https://www.usst.edu.cn/2025/1015/c965a65355/page.htm" }, { "date": "2025-08-04", "title": "Robot's drama PhD sparks debate", "summary": "Gulf News reported online criticism of a humanoid being admitted to a drama and film doctorate.", "publisher": "Gulf News", "url": "https://gulfnews.com/world/chinas-first-humanoid-robot-enrolls-in-phd-in-drama-and-film-sparks-major-controversy-1.500221600" }, { "date": "2025-08-01", "title": "Humanoid admitted to Shanghai Theatre Academy PhD", "summary": "Interesting Engineering reported Xueba 01's admission and planned September 14 arrival on campus.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinese-humanoid-first-acting-phd-student" } ], "video": { "id": "Rx9ifHWGzb8", "title": "China's first robot PhD student embarks on artistic AI journey", "channel": "New China TV (Xinhua)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/usst-droidup-xueba-01-2025.jpg", "author": "University of Shanghai for Science and Technology with DroidUp", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.usst.edu.cn/_upload/article/images/12/6e/e87a1e7446afbfe10eca4447925e/ecc3a69b-2594-4467-a486-ae941348f9b2.jpg", "page": "https://www.usst.edu.cn/_upload/article/images/12/6e/e87a1e7446afbfe10eca4447925e/ecc3a69b-2594-4467-a486-ae941348f9b2.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 667 } }, { "id": "limx-oli-2025", "name": "Oli", "maker": "LimX Dynamics", "makerId": "limx-dynamics", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-07-31", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "general-purpose", "education" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 21800, "priceNote": "From CNY 158,000 (about $21,800) in China (Lite/EDU/Super); a US reseller lists $72,000.", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "LimX's full-size general-purpose humanoid, sold in three configurations and shown at the 2025 World Robot Conference.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-7b3ef59a6c", "hs-bb0a937738" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-07-31", "event": "LimX launch", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2025/08/01/limx-dynamics-debuts-full%E2%80%91size-humanoid-robot-starting-at-21800/93453/" }, "released": { "date": "2025-07", "note": "on sale in China" }, "components": { "actuators": "31 active DoF excluding end-effectors: 7 per arm, 6 per leg, 3 waist, 2 neck (LimX launch news).", "hands": "Swappable end-effectors: two-finger grippers or five-finger dexterous hands.", "sensors": "Supports third-party peripherals: microphones, cameras, tactile sensors, IMUs and LiDAR.", "software": "Open SDK with full-body state, sensor data, joint-level control and task orchestration; cloud APIs and local control; OTA motion libraries; supports onboard LLM deployment.", "other": "Modular, easily swappable hardware; about 55 kg.", "sources": [ "hs-bb0a937738", "hs-7b3ef59a6c", "hs-b1cf6972cf", "hs-d7eee12d34" ] }, "production": { "sold": "LimX says it has thousands of orders across its products, over half from overseas (company, July 2026); no Oli delivery count.", "where": "Mainland China first; global version in development (2025)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-07-14", "title": "LimX raises about $200 million pre-IPO", "summary": "IDG, Lens Technology and others joined; LimX says it holds thousands of orders, over half overseas (company).", "publisher": "Yicai Global", "url": "https://www2.yicaiglobal.com/news/chinese-humanoid-robot-maker-limx-bags-usd200-million-in-pre-ipo-financing-round" }, { "date": "2026-02-03", "title": "LimX closes $200 million Series B", "summary": "JD.com, Zhongding, SAIC Motor and NIO Capital among investors.", "publisher": "TechNode", "url": "https://technode.com/2026/02/03/limx-dynamics-raises-200-million-in-series-b-to-scale-humanoid-robotics/" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "Distributor Tron shows LimX Oli in Japan", "summary": "Humanoid and digital-twin startup Tron, LimX Dynamics' Japanese distributor, exhibited the Oli humanoid at iREX 2025 for virtual-factory applications.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2512/18/news014.html" }, { "date": "2025-08-01", "title": "LimX launches Oli from 158,000 yuan", "summary": "Full-size 165 cm humanoid in Lite, EDU and Super editions, debuting at World Robot Conference.", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2025/08/01/limx-dynamics-debuts-full%E2%80%91size-humanoid-robot-starting-at-21800/93453/" } ], "availability": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "how": "Order inquiry page and a procurement and partnership route on the maker's Oli page", "support": "After-sales service portal, knowledge base and documentation center; no warranty terms stated", "note": "The maker's pages list no sales regions or named distributors.", "source": "https://www.limxdynamics.com/zh/products/oli" }, "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "open", "how": "Modular Python SDK with open upper and lower-level interfaces, URDF models, Isaac Sim, MuJoCo and Gazebo support, manuals and code examples; ROS 1 and ROS 2 deployment code on GitHub", "note": "The GitHub repositories are for LimX humanoids in general; the Oli page does not name them.", "sdkUrl": "https://github.com/limxdynamics", "source": "https://www.limxdynamics.com/zh/products/oli" }, "buy": { "url": "https://www.limxdynamics.com/en/order", "type": null, "label": "Buy Now / contact sales form (Oli selectable)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "AsBL9xMPQ_E", "title": "Full-Size Humanoid Robot LimX Oli | Unboxing and Self-standing", "channel": "LimX Dynamics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/limx-oli-2025.jpg", "author": "LimX Dynamics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.limxdynamics.com/en/products/oli", "page": "https://www.limxdynamics.com/en/products/oli", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 562 } }, { "id": "ubtech-cruzr-s2-2025", "name": "Cruzr S2", "maker": "UBTECH Robotics", "makerId": "ubtech", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-08", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics", "healthcare", "retail" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 7.2, "payloadKg": 15, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "UBTECH's full-size wheeled humanoid, launched at the 2025 World Robot Conference, with a symmetric torso that bends both ways, a 0-40 cm lift, fourth-generation industrial dexterous hands and binocular RGB stereo vision in the head. It moves at up to 2 m/s and carries 15 kg anywhere in a 0-1.8 m workspace, for sorting, assembly, drug transport and reception work.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-1db14c8a68", "hs-f59f55b10e" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-08", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" } }, { "id": "noetix-e1-2025", "name": "E1", "maker": "Noetix Robotics", "makerId": "noetix", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-08", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "social", "education", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 136, "weightKg": null, "dof": 21, "speedKmh": 4.3, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "resellers list about $20,500; no maker list price found", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Won gold in the standing long jump (1.25 m) at the World Humanoid Robot Games in Beijing in August 2025.", "summary": "A 1.36 m Noetix biped meant for interaction, syncing speech, facial expressions and body movement, with optional dexterous hands and an EDU version with extra compute. Battery life is given as one to two hours.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-58156385a7" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-08", "event": "Called 'newly launched' when it competed at the World Humanoid Robot Games, Beijing", "url": "https://technode.global/prnasia/noetix-robotics-wins-two-golds-and-one-silver-at-global-humanoid-robotics-games/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "sold through resellers; base and EDU versions" }, "components": { "actuators": "Noetix's own servo motors; 21 DoF; walks at 1.2 m/s with a flexible waist.", "hands": "Optional dexterous hands and extended arms (modular).", "battery": "48 V low-power system; 1-2 hours per charge.", "software": "Multimodal AI that syncs speech, facial expression and body motion; multilingual dialogue, memory and a customisable persona.", "other": "1.36 m tall. Won gold in the standing long jump (1.25 m) at the 2025 World Humanoid Robot Games.", "sources": [ "hs-58156385a7" ] }, "production": { "where": "Beijing, China" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-08-28", "title": "Noetix E1 wins long-jump gold", "summary": "Noetix said E1 won the standing long jump at the World Humanoid Robot Games and its N2 took floor-exercise gold.", "publisher": "TechNode Global (PR Newswire Asia)", "url": "https://technode.global/prnasia/noetix-robotics-wins-two-golds-and-one-silver-at-global-humanoid-robotics-games/" } ], "video": { "id": "-Rv1BuDnXmU", "title": "🔥Noetix Robotics unveils: enhanced motion control capabilities", "channel": "Noetix Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/noetix-e1-2025.jpg", "author": "Noetix Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.noetixrobotics.com/en/detail/E1", "page": "https://www.noetixrobotics.com/en/detail/E1", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "techman-tm-xplore-i-2025", "name": "TM Xplore I", "maker": "Techman Robot", "makerId": "techman", "country": "Taiwan", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-08", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Techman's first humanoid prototype: a wheeled-base humanoid with more than 22 actuated joints and NVIDIA Jetson Orin vision computing, aimed at factories and warehouses; commercial rollout was planned for the second half of 2026.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-323d18ca5e", "hs-9961bd67fc" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-08", "event": "Taipei Automation Intelligence and Robot Show, August 2025; production-style version on Jetson Thor shown at NVIDIA GTC, 18 March 2026", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2025/08/27/techman-robot-unveils-humanoid-prototype-aims-for-2026-launch/93937/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "commercial rollout planned for H2 2026; no launch or price announced as of Oct 2026" }, "components": { "actuators": "More than 22 actuated joints on the 2025 prototype; motor type not published.", "hands": "Not described. Dual-arm grasping and object sorting were demonstrated at GTC 2026.", "sensors": "AI vision with depth perception via NVIDIA FoundationStereo and multimodal sensor fusion; camera counts not published.", "compute": "2025 prototype: NVIDIA Jetson Orin. Version shown at GTC 2026: NVIDIA Jetson Thor (maker). Training uses QCT servers with NVIDIA HGX H200 and RTX PRO 6000 Blackwell.", "battery": "Not published.", "materials": "Not published.", "software": "Vision-language-action (VLA) model; trained with NVIDIA Isaac GR00T (per Techman's COO); Isaac Sim digital twins and Isaac Lab Arena for virtual checks; Isaac ROS integration; teleoperation and motion-capture training with j-mex's Moxi suit and VR. Shares a software framework with Techman's AI cobots.", "other": "Humanoid upper body on a wheeled mobile base; aimed at semiconductor manufacturing, electronics assembly and automotive manufacturing (Techman Robot, 2026).", "sources": [ "hs-323d18ca5e", "hs-9961bd67fc", "hs-5cadcb30f1", "hs-8b3e618e31", "hs-805fa166c0" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not yet sold; commercial rollout planned for H2 2026 if development stays on track (2025 statement). Price not published.", "where": "Taoyuan, Taiwan (Techman Robot)", "customers": "None named; demonstrated an AI-server assembly process; six Taiwanese universities working with it via a TM Academy VLA workshop." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-08-21", "title": "Techman and NVIDIA host humanoid VLA workshop", "summary": "Six Taiwanese universities joined a TM Academy workshop on humanoid VLA research during Automation Taipei.", "publisher": "Techman Robot", "url": "https://www.tm-robot.com/en/company/news/VLA-Research-Workshop" }, { "date": "2026-06-02", "title": "Physical AI development package targets TM Xplore I", "summary": "Techman, NVIDIA and QCT launched a data-to-deployment package whose trained models are tested in Isaac Lab Arena before running on TM Xplore I.", "publisher": "Techman Robot", "url": "https://www.tm-robot.com/en/company/news/Techman-Robot-Launches-End-to-End-Physical-AI-Development-Package" }, { "date": "2026-03-18", "title": "TM Xplore I shown at NVIDIA GTC 2026 on Jetson Thor", "summary": "Techman presented the humanoid running a VLA model on Jetson Thor and serving visitors coasters at its booth.", "publisher": "Techman Robot", "url": "https://www.tm-robot.com/en/company/news/Techman-Robot-at-GTC-2026_Unveils-New-AI-Strategy-and-Humanoid-Robot-TM-Xplore-I" }, { "date": "2025-08", "title": "Techman unveils humanoid prototype", "summary": "Techman showed its first humanoid prototype at the Taipei automation show and targeted a 2026 commercial launch.", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2025/08/27/techman-robot-unveils-humanoid-prototype-aims-for-2026-launch/93937/" } ], "video": { "id": "Sr8dZdoQodI", "title": "V1A095TW Humanoid Robot - TM Xplore I", "channel": "Techman Robot", "display": true }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-open/techman-tm-xplore-i-2025-1.jpg", "author": "Taiwan Presidential Office", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:08.21_%E5%89%AF%E7%B8%BD%E7%B5%B1%E5%8F%83%E8%A7%80%E3%80%8C%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%A9%9F%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA%E8%88%87%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E5%8C%96%E5%B1%95%E3%80%8D%E5%8F%8A%E3%80%8C%E5%8F%B0%E5%8C%97%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E5%8C%96%E5%B7%A5%E6%A5%AD%E5%A4%A7%E5%B1%95%E3%80%8D_-_55476955677.jpg", "via": "Wikimedia Commons", "w": 1000, "h": 666 } }, { "id": "bhric-tianyi-2-2025", "name": "Tianyi 2.0", "maker": "Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center (X-Humanoid)", "makerId": "beijing-humanoid-innovation-center", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-08", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Took the top two places in the material-sorting event at the first World Humanoid Robot Games in Beijing, August 2025.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled sibling of the centre's Tiangong bipeds: a humanoid upper body with robot arms and grippers on a moving chassis, running X-Humanoid's Huisi Kaiwu embodied-AI platform. The maker has not published its specs in text.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-e45319577a", "hs-c0e3bf2d67" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-08", "event": "World Humanoid Robot Games, Beijing (earliest public appearance found; a formal launch date was not found)", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/other/seeds-beijing-humanoid-completes-first-round-of-market-financing-exceeding-700-million-yuan-2018715413666177025" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "listed as a product by X-Humanoid; no price found from a primary source" }, "components": { "actuators": "Highly flexible 7-DoF arms on a wheeled mobile base.", "hands": "Arm with gripper used for pressing lift buttons, swiping cards, opening cabinets and carrying items.", "sensors": "Visible-light and thermal-infrared recognition for patrol and inspection (per the maker's Tianyi page).", "software": "X-Humanoid's Huisi Kaiwu embodied-AI platform ('brain and cerebellum'); end-to-end VLA model; one operator can take over several robots via VR or a cockpit.", "other": "Took first and second place, fully autonomously, in the materials-sorting event at the 2025 World Humanoid Robot Games, inserting 27 thin parts into a box.", "sources": [ "hs-e45319577a", "hs-c1cb80f345", "hs-c0e3bf2d67" ] }, "production": { "where": "Beijing, China", "customers": "None named in the sources opened." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-02-03", "title": "Beijing Humanoid raises over 700 million yuan", "summary": "The centre's first market round will scale its Tiangong and Huisi Kaiwu platforms, which Tianyi 2.0 runs on.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/other/seeds-beijing-humanoid-completes-first-round-of-market-financing-exceeding-700-million-yuan-2018715413666177025" }, { "date": "2025-08-16", "title": "Tianyi 2.0 wins sorting event", "summary": "Tianyi 2.0 took the top two places in the World Humanoid Robot Games materials-sorting contest, working fully autonomously.", "publisher": "IT Home", "url": "https://www.ithome.com/0/875/845.htm" } ], "video": { "id": "ynJZMOAa-08", "title": "Tianyi 2.0 Wins Silver Medal in Welcome Service Skills Competition", "channel": "TianGong Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/bhric-tianyi-2-2025.jpg", "author": "Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center (X-Humanoid)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.x-humanoid.com/detail/tianyi.html", "page": "https://www.x-humanoid.com/detail/tianyi.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "fourier-gr3-2025", "name": "GR-3", "maker": "Fourier", "makerId": "fourier", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-08-06", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "care", "social", "healthcare" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 165, "weightKg": 71, "dof": 55, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 3, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Price not disclosed.", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Fourier's first humanoid designed for care, with a soft padded shell and touch sensing.", "deployments": "US debut at CES 2026; positioned for companionship in eldercare and clinics, with physical assistive care described as a later step.", "summary": "A 1.65 m 'Care-bot' with soft upholstered covers, voice localisation, face tracking and touch sensing, plus hot-swappable batteries.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-c68c46998b", "hs-b35eb461ef", "hs-034a34a3e8" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-08-06", "event": "Fourier launch, Beijing", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/fourier-gr3-carebot-robot-emotion" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "no public price or release date found" }, "components": { "actuators": "55 degrees of freedom across the body.", "sensors": "Structured-light cameras for face recognition, 4-microphone array for sound localisation, 31 pressure sensors across the body for touch.", "battery": "Hot-swappable battery with intelligent power management; capacity not stated.", "materials": "Soft-touch shell with automotive-grade upholstery, eco-friendly lining and warm Morandi colours.", "software": "Multimodal emotion engine fusing vision, audio and touch; dual-path control with rule-based fast reactions and LLM-driven slow reasoning; developer APIs.", "other": "Positioned as Fourier's first 'Care-bot' for eldercare, hospitals and homes. Price not published.", "sources": [ "hs-b35eb461ef", "hs-034a34a3e8", "hs-52b42cdfdd" ] }, "production": { "where": "Shown in China and the US (CES 2026); target settings: homes, hospitals, eldercare.", "customers": "Fourier names care-robotics partners such as Singapore's National Healthcare Group and Nagoya University (Sacra); no GR-3 buyers named." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-01-07", "title": "GR-3 Care-bot makes US debut at CES 2026", "summary": "Fourier showed GR-3 playing games and dancing; also teased a doll-sized desktop Care-bot.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/ces-2026-fourier-intelligence-unveils-full-size-humanoid-robot-gr-3-2008896810972438528" }, { "date": "2025-08-06", "title": "Fourier unveils GR-3 Care-bot", "summary": "A soft-covered 165 cm, 71 kg humanoid with 55 DoF aimed at eldercare and companionship.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/fourier-gr3-carebot-robot-emotion" }, { "date": "2025-08", "title": "Fourier raises 300 million yuan Series E+", "summary": "Runyang Technology led the corporate minority round (Sacra).", "publisher": "Sacra", "url": "https://sacra.com/c/fourier" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://www.fftai.com/en/fourier/contact", "type": null, "label": "Contact Fourier (business inquiry form)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "bkzXjzlEKrU", "title": "Fourier GR-3：A Caring and Capable Companion", "channel": "Fourier (@FourierIntelligence-Robotics)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/fourier-gr3-2025.jpg", "author": "Fourier", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.fftai.com/grx/gr3", "page": "https://www.fftai.com/grx/gr3", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 865 } }, { "id": "x-square-robot-quanta-x2-2025", "name": "Quanta X2", "maker": "X Square Robot", "makerId": "x-square", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-08-08", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "home", "logistics", "industrial", "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 164, "weightKg": null, "dof": 62, "speedKmh": 3.6, "payloadKg": 12, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled humanoid with a head screen, a 6-DoF torso and two 7-DoF arms on a compact base, run by the company's WALL-A foundation model. The 62 DoF count includes optional 20-DoF dexterous hands; payload is 6 kg per arm, 12 kg with both.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-d1a263aaa7", "hs-bcebbbf2a0" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-08-08", "event": "World Robot Conference 2025, Beijing (opened 8 August)", "url": "https://subsites.chinadaily.com.cn/wic/2025-08/18/c_1117591.htm" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Listed on the maker's site; price not published" }, "components": { "actuators": "62 DoF including optional hands; 6-DoF torso; 2-DoF chassis; arms reach 765 mm with +/-0.03 mm repeatability and 1.8 m/s end-effector speed.", "hands": "Two-DoF gripper or a 20-DoF dexterous hand (X Square also sells its own five-finger ArtiXon hand). Payload 6 kg per arm, 12 kg with both.", "sensors": "Three RGB-D cameras, three bird's-eye surround cameras, a 2D lidar, four ultrasonic sensors and two single-point ToF sensors.", "software": "X Square's in-house WALL-A manipulation model (tens of billions of parameters) and WALL-B world model; VLA-based autonomy. In 2026 the company open-sourced a framework for learning skills from short human videos.", "other": "164 cm tall; vertical working range 0-1.8 m; top speed 1 m/s.", "sources": [ "hs-d1a263aaa7", "hs-bcebbbf2a0", "hs-12454ba2f2" ] }, "production": { "where": "Shenzhen, China", "customers": "None named; targeted at home service, research and education, commercial cleaning and logistics sorting." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-08-18", "title": "X Square launches Quanta X2 at WRC 2025", "summary": "China Daily reported the wheeled Quanta X2 launch and X Square's VLA-model approach.", "publisher": "China Daily", "url": "https://subsites.chinadaily.com.cn/wic/2025-08/18/c_1117591.htm" } ], "video": { "id": "dF2e3c_Mm6I", "title": "Quanta X2", "channel": "X Square Robot Overseas Markets" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/x-square-robot-quanta-x2-2025.jpg", "author": "X Square Robot", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://x2robot.com/", "page": "https://x2robot.com/", "kind": "maker", "w": 875, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "lumos-lus2-2025", "name": "LUS2", "maker": "Lumos Robotics", "makerId": "lumos", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-08-15", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "general-purpose", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 160, "weightKg": 57, "dof": 28, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 3, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Three LUS2 units took silver in the group dance at the first World Humanoid Robot Games (Beijing, August 2025).", "summary": "A full-size biped of 1.60 m and 57 kg with 28 joint modules (6 per leg, 7 per arm, 1 in the waist), a configurable dexterous hand and about 2 hours of battery life.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-61c363114f", "hs-a34b460fe8" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-08-15", "event": "Earliest dated public source: maker news of LUS2's silver medal at the World Humanoid Robot Games group dance (15 Aug 2025)", "url": "https://www.lumosbot.tech/news" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Sold via the maker's purchase and partnership channel" }, "components": { "actuators": "28 joint modules (6 per leg, 7 per arm, 1 waist) with up to 360 N·m peak torque; Lumos makes its own motors.", "hands": "Configurable dexterous hand; arm payload 3 kg.", "sensors": "3D lidar, binocular depth camera, four-microphone array and speaker.", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin (275 TOPS).", "battery": "54 V 10 Ah ternary lithium; about 2 hours; 54 V/5 A charger.", "materials": "Aluminium alloy; localised air cooling; 160 cm, 57 kg.", "software": "OTA updates; open architecture for secondary development; Lumos also offers its NexCore physical-AI engine.", "sources": [ "hs-61c363114f", "hs-a34b460fe8", "hs-89d23a43d3" ] }, "production": { "where": "China (Lumos offices in Shenzhen and Suzhou)", "customers": "None named for LUS2; Lumos names Mitsubishi Electric, COSCO Shipping (Qingdao), Damon Technology, Guangyun Group and JD as partners." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-07-13", "title": "Lumos signs strategic deal with JD", "summary": "Lumos and JD agreed to build an industrial embodied-AI ecosystem covering R&D, sales and delivery.", "publisher": "Lumos Robotics", "url": "https://www.lumosbot.tech/news" }, { "date": "2026-05-11", "title": "Lumos closes A1 and A2 rounds", "summary": "Lumos raised hundreds of millions of yuan with Mitsubishi Electric leading again.", "publisher": "Lumos Robotics", "url": "https://www.lumosbot.tech/news" }, { "date": "2025-08-15", "title": "LUS2 takes group-dance silver", "summary": "Three LUS2 humanoids won silver in the group dance at the first World Humanoid Robot Games.", "publisher": "Lumos Robotics", "url": "https://www.lumosbot.tech/news" } ], "availability": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "how": "Buyers send a purchase inquiry form on the maker's site and its engineering team recommends a setup", "note": "No sales regions, lease terms or warranty and support terms stated. Orders go through the maker directly; no public order page.", "source": "https://www.lumosbot.tech/purchase" }, "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "none-found", "how": "Product page lists an open architecture for research and secondary development as supported, on a Jetson AGX Orin", "note": "No SDK, API, ROS or documentation links on the maker's product page when checked.", "source": "https://www.lumosbot.tech/products/lus2" }, "video": { "id": "8eYgGTEfqhA", "title": "LumosRobotics is making a powerful debut at the World Robot Conference (WRC) 2025!", "channel": "Lumos Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/lumos-lus2-2025.jpg", "author": "Lumos Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.lumosbot.tech/products/lus2", "page": "https://www.lumosbot.tech/products/lus2", "kind": "maker", "w": 355, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "wirobotics-allex-2025", "name": "ALLEX", "maker": "WIRobotics", "makerId": "wirobotics", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-08-18", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "research", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 3, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Shown at CES 2026; the maker reported joint research and proof-of-concept projects with research institutions and carmakers in May 2026.", "summary": "A compliant upper-body humanoid with a head, gravity-compensated waist and two backdrivable arms ending in 15-DoF hands that sense forces of about 100 gf without tactile sensors. Each hand handles more than 3 kg across the workspace; a wheeled 'Mobile ALLEX' version for research labs was announced for 2026.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-ecf2609089", "hs-0641eb3a91", "hs-be38fde103" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-08-18", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/wirobotics-allex-2025.jpg", "author": "WIRobotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.wirobotics.com/", "page": "https://www.wirobotics.com/", "kind": "maker", "w": 593, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "robbyant-r1-2025", "name": "Robbyant R1", "maker": "Robbyant (Ant Lingbo Technology, Ant Group)", "makerId": "robbyant", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-09-05", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "home", "retail", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": 110, "dof": 34, "speedKmh": 5.4, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "No price announced; sold only inside bundled scenario solutions.", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Ant Group's first humanoid robot, marking the fintech group's entry into embodied AI.", "deployments": "Robbyant said in 2025 that R1 was in production and had shipped to customers, including a museum.", "summary": "A wheeled, two-armed humanoid from Ant Group's robotics unit, shown cooking shrimp in a mock kitchen at IFA 2025 in Berlin. Reported figures are 160 to 175 cm tall (175 used here), about 110 kg, 34 DoF and up to about 1.5 m/s.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-a6183a5904", "hs-47516669c4", "hs-15bccb01ea" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-09-05", "event": "IFA 2025, Berlin", "url": "https://www.notebookcheck.com/Roboter-fuer-den-Alltag-Robbyant-praesentiert-humanoiden-Roboter-R1-mit-Embodied-AI.1102820.0.html" }, "released": { "date": "2025", "note": "in production and shipping to business customers per Robbyant; R1-S variant also listed" }, "components": { "actuators": "34 DoF; joint modules reported to come from Ti5 Robot (via Bloomberg, as cited by unwire.hk).", "hands": "Two arms; cooking, guiding and pharmacy-sorting demos.", "sensors": "Spatial perception system to locate ingredients and tools; Ant planned work with Orbbec (depth cameras), per Bloomberg as cited.", "materials": "Body structure reportedly from Ant-backed Galaxea AI.", "software": "Embodied-AI planning built on Ant's in-house BaiLing large model; learns new recipes and adapts to different kitchen appliances. Robbyant has since released LingBot models (VLA, vision, world model).", "other": "Wheeled; 1.6-1.75 m tall, about 110 kg, under 1.5 m/s.", "sources": [ "hs-6eeed114ec", "hs-0d3ccd8e3b", "hs-47516669c4", "hs-92eca605b8" ] }, "production": { "built": "Ant staff said in September 2025 that R1 was in mass production; volumes not disclosed.", "sold": "Not sold on its own; bundled into 'scenario solutions' for businesses and institutions.", "where": "China (Shanghai)", "customers": "Shanghai History Museum named as an early client; trials in community centres and restaurants." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-09-13", "title": "Ant says R1 is in mass production", "summary": "unwire.hk, citing Bloomberg, reported R1 deliveries to the Shanghai History Museum and its Chinese supply chain.", "publisher": "unwire.hk", "url": "https://unwire.hk/2025/09/13/ant-group-r1-humanoid-robot-ai/ai/" }, { "date": "2025-09-12", "title": "Robbyant R1 cooks shrimp at IFA", "summary": "Interesting Engineering covered R1's kitchen demo, specs and bundled-solution sales model.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robbyants-r1-cooks-shrimp-at-tech-fair" }, { "date": "2025-09-05", "title": "Robbyant presents R1 at IFA Berlin", "summary": "Notebookcheck described R1 as a kitchen and catering robot with plans for care and medical work.", "publisher": "Notebookcheck", "url": "https://www.notebookcheck.com/Roboter-fuer-den-Alltag-Robbyant-praesentiert-humanoiden-Roboter-R1-mit-Embodied-AI.1102820.0.html" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/robbyant-r1-2025.jpg", "author": "Robbyant", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251129115958/https://www.robbyant.com/product/R1", "page": "https://web.archive.org/web/20251129115958/https://www.robbyant.com/product/R1", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 942 } }, { "id": "uni-bonn-agiloped-2025", "name": "AGILOped", "maker": "University of Bonn, Autonomous Intelligent Systems group", "makerId": "university-of-bonn", "country": "Germany", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-09-11", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 110, "weightKg": 14.5, "dof": 10, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 2.5, "priceUsd": 6380, "priceNote": "About $6,380 in parts; $6,580-$8,380 with an optional NVIDIA Jetson", "hands": "none", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "An open-source, 110 cm, 14.5 kg research biped from the Bonn group behind the NimbRo robots, with 10 actuators, passive ankles, simple 1-DoF arms and a small screen head; it can walk, jump about 10 cm and recover from falls. Battery life is 1.5 to 2.5 hours (2.5 used here as the maximum).", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-73561b1195" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-09-11", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/uni-bonn-agiloped-2025.jpg", "author": "University of Bonn, Autonomous Intelligent Systems group (Team NimbRo)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://arxiv.org/html/2509.09364v1", "page": "https://arxiv.org/html/2509.09364v1", "kind": "maker", "w": 514, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "neuromeka-nami-2025", "name": "NAMI (NAMY)", "maker": "Neuromeka", "makerId": "neuromeka", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-09-30", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "retail", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 177, "weightKg": null, "dof": 21, "speedKmh": 3.6, "payloadKg": 5, "batteryHours": 8, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "First shown at IEEE Humanoids 2025 in Seoul (30 Sep 2025, Asia Economy), then handed out popcorn to visitors at RoboWorld and the 2025 Korea Local Era Expo (November 2025).", "summary": "A service humanoid with a head, a 3-DoF torso and two 7-DoF arms mounted on a differential-drive mobile base, aimed at serving and indoor repetitive work. The maker lists 5 kg per arm and 8 hours of operation; press reports say the arms are bought from a Chinese supplier.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-c7d92a7fa4", "hs-12e732ecc7" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-09-30", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/neuromeka-nami-2025.jpg", "author": "Neuromeka", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.neuromeka.com/humanoids", "page": "https://www.neuromeka.com/humanoids", "kind": "maker", "w": 546, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "andromeda-robotics-genesis-abi-2025", "name": "Genesis Abi", "maker": "Andromeda Robotics", "makerId": "andromeda", "country": "Australia", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-10", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "care", "social" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Deployed to a mecwacare aged-care home from October 2025, after the first-generation Abi was placed permanently in 22 mecwacare homes in 2025; Andromeda planned to scale from 8 to 100 units a month.", "summary": "The rebuilt second generation of Andromeda's aged-care companion Abi, launched with a $23 million Series A; carers set a daily schedule and it navigates the care home on its own, running group activities and one-on-one conversations in residents' own languages.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-25ffb3873c", "hs-352d98c05c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-10", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/andromeda-robotics-genesis-abi-2025.jpg", "author": "Andromeda Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.andromedarobotics.ai/product", "page": "https://www.andromedarobotics.ai/product", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 667 } }, { "id": "unitree-h2-2025", "name": "H2", "maker": "Unitree Robotics", "makerId": "unitree", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-10", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 182, "weightKg": 70, "dof": 31, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 15, "batteryHours": 3, "priceUsd": 29900, "priceNote": "$29,900 China launch price for the base model; North American resellers list $40,900 (commercial) and $68,900 (EDU).", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Pre-orders opened in late 2025; North American deliveries were planned from April 2026.", "summary": "Unitree's second full-size humanoid, about 1.82 m and 70 kg with 31 joints and a more human-looking face and shell than the H1. Arm payload is listed as about 15 kg peak and 7 kg rated.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-9daae0c6d2", "hs-e0fd388444", "hs-6f32fbe188", "hs-6e001a4b44" ], "canada": "Listed for sale in Canada by RobotShop (ca.robotshop.com).", "firstShown": { "date": "2025-10", "event": "Unitree reveal video and launch", "url": "https://kr-asia.com/unitrees-new-h2-brings-streamlined-elegance-to-humanoid-robotics" }, "released": { "date": "2026", "note": "pre-orders late 2025; deliveries from 2026" }, "components": { "actuators": "31 DoF (7 per arm, 6 per leg, 3 waist, 2 head) driven by internal-rotor PMSM joints with crossed roller bearings; peak 120 Nm arm and 360 Nm leg.", "hands": "None on base H2; H2 EDU takes dexterous hands (models not specified).", "sensors": "Wide-angle humanoid binocular (stereo) camera; microphone array and high-power speaker.", "compute": "Intel Core i5 (PC1) standard, Intel Core i7 (PC2) on EDU; optional NVIDIA Jetson AGX Thor module (up to 2,070 TOPS).", "battery": "15 Ah, 0.972 kWh, 75.6 V max; about 3 hours; quick-release smart battery.", "materials": "Aircraft-grade aluminium alloy, titanium alloy and high-strength engineering plastics.", "software": "OTA motion-control updates; supports third-party embodied AI models; secondary development on EDU.", "other": "Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5.2; arm payload peak 15 kg, rated 7 kg; local air cooling.", "sources": [ "hs-6e001a4b44", "hs-e0fd388444", "hs-9daae0c6d2" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Unitree says it shipped more than 5,500 humanoids in 2025 and produced over 6,500 (company figure, all models, wheeled dual-arm excluded); its prospectus counts 5,632 humanoids sold 2023-2025. Omdia estimated 4,200 Unitree humanoids in 2025. No per-model split published.", "where": "Sold worldwide through Unitree and resellers; overseas sales were 43.65% of 2025 main-business revenue (company)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-08-19", "title": "Unitree lists on Shanghai's STAR Market", "summary": "Unitree (688836.SH) opened at 1,100 yuan against a 150.80 yuan IPO price after raising about 6.1 billion yuan.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/unitree-surges-629-at-open-one-lot-yields-up-to-470000-yuan-market-cap-exceeds-400-billion-yuan-2090018320131842049" }, { "date": "2026-08-11", "title": "Unitree IPO subscriptions open", "summary": "The prospectus shows 1.70 billion yuan revenue in 2025 and 5,632 humanoids sold from 2023 to 2025 (company figures).", "publisher": "Shanghai Stock Exchange", "url": "https://english.sse.com.cn/news/newsrelease/voice/c/c_20260811_10828578.shtml" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "Unitree H2 and H1-2 on static display at iREX 2025", "summary": "TechShare displayed Unitree's H2 and the improved H1-2 humanoids at the 2025 International Robot Exhibition in Tokyo.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2512/18/news014.html" }, { "date": "2025-10-27", "title": "Unitree H2 unveiled at $29,900", "summary": "Full-size 1.82 m, 70 kg biped with 31 DoF and a more humanlike head.", "publisher": "KrASIA", "url": "https://kr-asia.com/unitrees-new-h2-brings-streamlined-elegance-to-humanoid-robotics" } ], "availability": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "regions": "No regions listed on the product page; the maker's overseas online store serves international buyers", "how": "H2 and H2 EDU; orders go through the 'Store / Cooperate' booking page on the maker's site, with a base-model price shown on the page", "support": "Warranty 8 months (H2) or 12 months (H2 EDU); customer service portal, document center and download center", "note": "Shop region statement is from the maker's online store about page (https://shop.unitree.com/pages/about-us).", "source": "https://www.unitree.com/H2" }, "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "open", "how": "Secondary development is available on H2 EDU only; public GitHub with a C++ SDK that names H2, a Python interface, URDF models and MuJoCo simulation", "note": "No developer or EDU price published; the EDU edition is handled through the maker's sales page.", "sdkUrl": "https://github.com/unitreerobotics", "source": "https://www.unitree.com/H2" }, "buy": { "url": "https://shop.unitree.com/products/unitree-h2", "type": null, "label": "Unitree store listing - contact sales", "price": "$29,900.00 USD (H2); H2 Plus listed at $100,000.00 USD", "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/unitree-h2-2025.jpg", "author": "Unitree Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://shop.unitree.com/products/unitree-h2", "page": "https://shop.unitree.com/products/unitree-h2", "kind": "maker", "w": 569, "h": 569 } }, { "id": "deep-robotics-dr02-2025", "name": "DR02", "maker": "DEEP Robotics", "makerId": "deep", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-10-09", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 5.4, "payloadKg": 20, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A full-size industrial humanoid sealed to IP66 against dust and water jets and rated to work from -20 to 55 degrees C. Its forearms, arms and legs are modules that can be swapped quickly.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-f030da8457", "hs-025a69ca6c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-10-09", "event": "Unveiled by DEEP Robotics (Humanoids Daily report)", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/deep-robotics-unveils-dr02-an-all-weather-humanoid-for-industrial-work" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Maker offers sales contact; payload is 10 kg per arm, 20 kg total" }, "components": { "hands": "Dual arms carrying 10 kg each (20 kg total).", "compute": "275 TOPS on board (chip not named).", "materials": "IP66 full-body dust and water protection; rated -20 to 55 C.", "other": "175 cm; walks at 1.5 m/s; handles stairs and 20-degree slopes. Forearms, arms and legs are quick-detach modules to cut repair downtime. Aimed at cargo transport, emergency work and all-weather outdoor jobs.", "sources": [ "hs-f030da8457", "hs-025a69ca6c" ] }, "production": { "where": "Hangzhou, China", "customers": "None named." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-10-09", "title": "DEEP Robotics unveils all-weather DR02", "summary": "Humanoids Daily reported DR02's IP66 sealing, 275 TOPS compute and swappable limb modules.", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/deep-robotics-unveils-dr02-an-all-weather-humanoid-for-industrial-work" } ], "video": { "id": "e0cIZgkTn4M", "title": "Introducing DR02 — The World’s First All-Weather Humanoid Robot", "channel": "DEEP Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/deep-robotics-dr02-2025.jpg", "author": "DEEP Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.deeprobotics.cn/en/index/dr02.html", "page": "https://www.deeprobotics.cn/en/index/dr02.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 562 } }, { "id": "figure-03-2025", "name": "Figure 03", "maker": "Figure AI", "makerId": "figure-ai", "country": "United States", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-10-09", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "home", "logistics", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 173, "weightKg": 61, "dof": 60, "speedKmh": 4.3, "payloadKg": 20, "batteryHours": 5, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "No list price. Brett Adcock said in May 2026 that home leasing would be about $600/month (plan, not yet confirmed as available).", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Figure's first robot designed for mass production, with washable textile covering, fingertip sensors and 2 kW wireless charging through the feet.", "deployments": "Figure reported more than 350 Figure 03 robots delivered from BotQ and production at one robot per hour by 29 April 2026. Robots were allocated to internal R&D, data collection, housework efforts and commercial use-case development (Figure AI, 2026).", "summary": "Third-generation Figure humanoid for homes and workplaces, run by the Helix AI model and built at the BotQ factory (initial capacity 12,000 robots a year). Figure gives about 5 ft 8 in and 61 kg.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-4fbdade2db", "hs-20ed0b180d" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-10-09", "event": "Figure announcement and reveal video", "url": "https://www.figure.ai/news/introducing-figure-03" }, "released": { "date": "2026", "note": "deliveries to business customers reported in 2026; home lease announced, not confirmed" }, "components": { "actuators": "In-house actuators with roughly twice the speed and better torque density than Figure 02 (no absolute torque published); over 9,000 actuators built across 10+ SKUs by April 2026. Wrist re-architected so motor controllers talk directly to the main computer.", "hands": "Softer, compliant fingertips; first-generation in-house tactile sensors detecting forces as small as 3 g; a wide-angle palm camera in each hand (Figure AI, 2025).", "sensors": "New camera system with twice the frame rate, a quarter of the latency and a 60% wider field of view than Figure 02; palm cameras; fingertip tactile sensors; repositioned microphone and a speaker about 4x more powerful than Figure 02's.", "compute": "Not published.", "battery": "2.3 kWh pack, about 5 hours at peak performance; 2 kW wireless inductive charging through coils in the feet; enclosure of stamped steel and die-cast aluminium doubles as a torso structural member; UN38.3 and UL2271 certification pursued.", "materials": "Washable, tool-free removable textile covering, multi-density foam at pinch points, optional cut-resistant garments; parts made by die-casting, injection moulding and stamping; 9% lighter than Figure 02.", "software": "Helix vision-language-action model (Helix 02 for full-body autonomy from January 2026; Helix 2.5 announced September 2026).", "other": "10 Gbps mmWave data offload at the dock for fleet learning; side screens for fleet identification; built at Figure's BotQ plant (initial line up to 12,000 robots a year).", "sources": [ "hs-4fbdade2db", "hs-9f89adc273", "hs-957e16020c", "hs-ed834e20f5", "hs-40105274a7" ] }, "production": { "built": "Over 350 Figure 03 robots delivered from BotQ by 29 April 2026, with production at one robot per hour (company figures; Figure AI, 2026).", "sold": "Over 350 delivered by April 2026 to internal R&D, data collection, homes and customer sites (company figure); no list price.", "where": "United States", "customers": "BMW (Figure 03 arrival June 2026); Catalyst Brands agreement May 2026" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-30", "title": "Figure melts down most of its F.02 fleet", "summary": "Figure said most retired Figure 02 robots were melted in an electric arc furnace at a foundry in Imatra, Finland, with a few kept at headquarters.", "publisher": "Figure AI", "url": "https://www.figure.ai/news/f-02-decommission" }, { "date": "2026-06-30", "title": "Figure 03 arrives at BMW", "summary": "Figure's newsroom lists the arrival of Figure 03 at BMW following the earlier Figure 02 deployment.", "publisher": "Figure AI", "url": "https://www.figure.ai/news" }, { "date": "2026-05-26", "title": "Agreement with Catalyst Brands", "summary": "Figure lists an agreement with retailer Catalyst Brands to scale humanoid operations.", "publisher": "Figure AI", "url": "https://www.figure.ai/news" }, { "date": "2026-04-29", "title": "Figure 03 production ramps to one robot per hour", "summary": "Figure said it had delivered over 350 Figure 03 robots and raised output from one a day to one an hour (company figures).", "publisher": "Figure AI", "url": "https://www.figure.ai/news/ramping-figure-03-production" }, { "date": "2026-03-11", "title": "Figure 03 tidies a living room with Helix 02", "summary": "Figure AI released a demo of Figure 03 running its Helix 02 neural network to tidy a living room.", "publisher": "note (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/nc89b0b27d27d" }, { "date": "2026-01-27", "title": "Helix 02 brings full-body autonomy", "summary": "Figure introduced Helix 02, extending its vision-language-action model to whole-body control.", "publisher": "Figure AI", "url": "https://www.figure.ai/news" }, { "date": "2025-10-09", "title": "Figure 03 introduced", "summary": "Figure unveiled its third-generation robot for homes and work, designed for mass production at BotQ.", "publisher": "Figure AI", "url": "https://www.figure.ai/news/introducing-figure-03" } ], "availability": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "note": "The maker's launch page names no sales regions, ordering route, lease terms or support terms. It says only that Figure 03 suits commercial use and describes home-oriented design.", "source": "https://www.figure.ai/news/introducing-figure-03" }, "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "none-found", "note": "No SDK, API or developer pages on the maker's launch page when checked; its Helix AI is described as proprietary.", "source": "https://www.figure.ai/news/introducing-figure-03" }, "buyNone": "No buy, lease, pre-order or waitlist on figure.ai; only a generic contact form. Business deployments are by direct enterprise deal; home lease announced but not offered on the site.", "video": { "id": "Eu5mYMavctM", "title": "Introducing Figure 03", "channel": "Figure (@figureai)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/figure-03-2025.jpg", "author": "Figure AI", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.figure.ai/figure", "page": "https://www.figure.ai/figure", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/figure-ai.png", "author": "Figure AI", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Figure-ai-logo.svg", "article": "Figure AI" } }, { "id": "aeirobot-alice-4-2025", "name": "ALICE 4", "maker": "AeiROBOT", "makerId": "aeirobot", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-10-22", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Planned price of about 50 million won for factory deployment targeted in 2028 (Money Today, January 2025).", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Shown at FIX 2025 in Daegu (October 2025) passing storage bins with the wheeled ALICE M1 in a joint picking demo using NVIDIA's GR00T model.", "summary": "The fourth-generation ALICE biped from Ansan startup AeiROBOT, a Hanyang University spin-off. Instead of geared rotary joints it uses the company's own 200-400 W linear actuators, and it carries a dexterous hand; AeiROBOT aims it at shipyards and building sites with ladders and stairs, with commercial factory use targeted for 2028.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-6cc55092d0", "hs-fc6b44f857" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-10-22", "event": "FIX 2025 (Future Innovation Technology Expo), EXCO Daegu; an unnumbered ALICE biped also appeared with LG U+ at MWC 2025", "url": "https://hellot.net/news/article.html?no=106541" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Not on sale; commercialisation targeted for 2028." }, "components": { "actuators": "AeiROBOT's own linear actuators, developed over about three years, in a 200-400 W range; the 400 W unit can lift a 30 kg dumbbell. Several actuators per leg allow running as well as walking.", "hands": "High-DoF arm with a dexterous hand.", "sensors": "Vision-based perception (no hardware named).", "software": "On-device AI and LLM-based recognition; NVIDIA GR00T foundation model combined with AeiROBOT's own motion-augmentation method.", "other": "Shown at FIX 2025 in Daegu working with the wheeled ALICE M1 to move bins between a conveyor and shelves. Chosen for a Korean regulatory sandbox for on-site field tests.", "sources": [ "hs-6cc55092d0", "hs-fc6b44f857" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not sold; commercial deployment in factories targeted for 2028 at about 50 million won.", "where": "South Korea", "customers": "None named." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-10-26", "title": "President visits AeiROBOT at FIX 2025", "summary": "ALICE 4 and ALICE M1 ran a joint bin-handling demo; the company uses NVIDIA GR00T.", "publisher": "Hello T", "url": "https://hellot.net/news/article.html?no=106541" }, { "date": "2025-01-09", "title": "AeiROBOT targets 2028 factory rollout", "summary": "Money Today profiled ALICE 4's linear actuators, its seed round and a planned price near 50 million won.", "publisher": "Money Today", "url": "https://www.mt.co.kr/future/2025/01/09/2024122310184772904" } ], "video": { "id": "eCHqwiS3iyU", "title": "Meet ALICE4 | AeiROBOT [ENG]", "channel": "[AeiROBOT] 에이로봇" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/aeirobot-alice-4-2025.jpg", "author": "AeiROBOT", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://arobot-eng.imweb.me/ALICE4", "page": "https://arobot-eng.imweb.me/ALICE4", "kind": "maker", "w": 395, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "noetix-bumi-2025", "name": "Bumi", "maker": "Noetix Robotics", "makerId": "noetix", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-10-23", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "education", "home", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 94, "weightKg": 12, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": 1400, "priceNote": "CNY 9,998 (about $1,400); first consumer humanoid in China under CNY 10,000.", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Cheapest full-body walking humanoid on sale as of late 2025.", "deployments": "About 500 units sold in the first two days of pre-sales.", "summary": "A 94 cm, 12 kg walking humanoid for families and children, with voice chat and drag-and-drop programming.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-d87b1de194", "hs-23ee2c0950", "hs-2fe3f57ef8" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-10-23", "event": "Noetix pre-sale launch", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/bumi-worlds-cheapest-humanoid-robot" }, "released": { "date": "2026-03", "note": "pre-sales from 23 Oct 2025; first deliveries from March 2026 (company)" }, "components": { "actuators": "Small in-house-driven motors with in-house control boards and motor drivers (no figures).", "sensors": "Front-facing camera 'eyes' for scanning surroundings, objects and faces; domestically sourced sensors.", "compute": "Rockchip processors.", "battery": "48 V, about 3.5 Ah; 1-2 hours per charge.", "materials": "Lightweight composites, reinforced with metal only where needed.", "software": "In-house motion control; drag-and-drop graphical programming; open programming interface; voice interaction.", "other": "Nearly all parts sourced in China; factories in Beijing and Changzhou.", "sources": [ "hs-d87b1de194", "hs-23ee2c0950", "hs-574b381095", "hs-2fe3f57ef8" ] }, "production": { "sold": "100+ sold in the first hour and first 500 sold out within two days on JD.com (Oct 2025); several thousand orders by end-2025 (company).", "where": "China (JD.com, offline); deliveries from March 2026." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-03-02", "title": "Noetix closes Series B of nearly 1 billion yuan", "summary": "Its ninth round; Bumi orders reached several thousand by end-2025 with deliveries from March 2026 (company).", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/seeds-noetix-robotics-closes-series-b-funding-2028663311418028032" }, { "date": "2025-10-27", "title": "Noetix raises about 300 million yuan Pre-B and explains Bumi's low cost", "summary": "Vertical integration, lighter structure and a local supply chain cut cost; target 1,000 units a month.", "publisher": "TechNode", "url": "https://technode.com/2025/10/27/after-new-funding-noetix-robotics-explains-how-it-built-a-humanoid-robot-cheaper-than-an-iphone" }, { "date": "2025-10-23", "title": "Bumi pre-sales open at 9,998 yuan", "summary": "94 cm, 12 kg consumer and education humanoid.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/bumi-worlds-cheapest-humanoid-robot" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://www.noetixrobotics.com/contact", "type": null, "label": "Purchase cooperation form (Chinese)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "7O4c46pYtZU", "title": "Thank you for making our booth one of the busiest spots at World Robot Conference2026! ❤️", "channel": "Noetix Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/noetix-bumi-2025.jpg", "author": "Noetix Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/product/676.html", "page": "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/product/676.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "richtech-dex-2025", "name": "Dex", "maker": "Richtech Robotics", "makerId": "richtech", "country": "United States", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-10-28", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 137, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 5, "batteryHours": 4, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Wheeled mobile humanoid from a Las Vegas service-robot maker, combining its Titan delivery base with its ADAM dual-arm robot and an NVIDIA Jetson Thor computer. Height is the maker's estimate for the mobile version; payload is per arm.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-54b84115e6", "hs-7152baa8f6" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-10-28", "event": "First look at NVIDIA GTC Washington DC", "url": "https://richtechrobotics.com/resources/dex-at-gtc-dc" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "pilot programs offered" }, "components": { "actuators": "Two production arms on a wheeled AMR base (actuator specs not published).", "hands": "Modular end effectors: hands, clamps or tools.", "sensors": "Four-camera vision system.", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson Thor.", "battery": "About four hours in mobile mode; runs continuously on a static base.", "software": "Trained in NVIDIA Isaac Sim (and Isaac Lab per CES release) with real-world data and reinforcement learning.", "other": "Wheels chosen over legs for speed, stability and lower energy and maintenance costs.", "sources": [ "hs-11b9b6441f" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Pilot programmes offered; draws on 450+ earlier Richtech robot deployments (company figure).", "where": "United States" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-10-28", "title": "Dex first shown at GTC DC", "summary": "Richtech demonstrated Dex assembling baseball caps at NVIDIA GTC Washington.", "publisher": "Richtech Robotics", "url": "https://richtechrobotics.com/resources/dex-at-gtc-dc" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://richtechrobotics.com/solutions/dex", "type": null, "label": "Speak to our team about Dex (get more info)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "a_aD8UlKKdQ", "title": "CES 2026 | Richtech Robotics Shows off NEW robot cast", "channel": "Richtech Robotics" } }, { "id": "diligent-robotics-moxi-2-2025", "name": "Moxi 2.0", "maker": "Diligent Robotics (a Serve Robotics company)", "makerId": "diligent", "country": "United States", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-10-28", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "healthcare", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Rolling out from 2026 to US hospitals including Endeavor Health Edward Hospital, Providence Saint John's and Children's Hospital Los Angeles; the Moxi fleet had made over 1.25 million deliveries in 25+ hospitals.", "summary": "The second-generation hospital delivery robot, redesigned for easier manufacturing, servicing and fleet-scale durability, with about ten times the compute of the first Moxi on NVIDIA Thor. It keeps Moxi's head, single arm and wheeled base and runs a new fleet-trained action model.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-aa49dbb705", "hs-575954e724" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-10-28", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/diligent-robotics-moxi-2-2025.jpg", "author": "Diligent Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.diligentrobots.com/blog/moxi2-0", "page": "https://www.diligentrobots.com/blog/moxi2-0", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 722 } }, { "id": "1x-neo-2025", "name": "NEO (home robot)", "maker": "1X Technologies", "makerId": "1x", "country": "Norway", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-10-28", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "home" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 168, "weightKg": 30, "dof": 75, "speedKmh": 5.0, "payloadKg": 25, "batteryHours": 4, "priceUsd": 20000, "priceNote": "$20,000 to buy or $499 a month (1X pre-order page). Speed shown is walking pace; 1X also claims a 22.3 km/h run.", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "First humanoid robot offered to consumers for home pre-order at a published price.", "deployments": "Hayward, California factory began output in April 2026 (10,000 a year capacity); independent confirmation of customer home deliveries was lacking as of mid-2026. Remote teleoperators assist for now.", "summary": "Consumer version of NEO for household chores: 5 ft 6 in, 30 kg, 22-DoF hands, lifts 70 kg and carries 25 kg, 4-hour battery, 22 dB quiet. Speed shown is 1X's claimed maximum run speed (6.2 m/s); walking speed is 1.4 m/s.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-c37ed8f274", "hs-b76fb338f9", "hs-b30a7bf847" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-10-28", "event": "Pre-order launch announcement", "url": "https://www.1x.tech/neo" }, "released": { "date": "2025-10", "note": "pre-orders opened Oct 2025; Hayward factory in full production from Apr 2026 with output going to internal testing; first customer shipments planned for 2026" }, "components": { "actuators": "Low-inertia tendon-driven actuators; Body DoF: arms 7x2, neck 3, spine 2, legs 6x2.; Motors and transmissions made in-house at Hayward", "hands": "22 DoF per hand at launch (1X page); July 2026 announcement describes 25-DoF tendon-driven hands; hands rated IP68.", "sensors": "Dual 8.85 MP 90 Hz stereo fisheye cameras, four beamforming microphones, link-wise IMUs; AI-based continuous calibration.", "compute": "1X NEO Cortex based on NVIDIA Jetson Thor (up to 2,070 FP4 TFLOPS).", "battery": "842 Wh, about 4 hours; quick charge of about 6 minutes per hour of runtime; NEO docks itself.", "materials": "Soft body of custom 3D lattice polymer; machine-washable nylon knit suit and shoes.", "software": "Redwood AI model for chores, built-in LLM for conversation, memory and navigation; scheduled 1X Expert remote supervision for unknown tasks and app/VR remote piloting by owners (1X Technologies). Early Access offers foundational autonomy.", "other": "22 dB noise; Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and 5G; no exposed pinch points, HIC below 250, body IP44.", "sources": [ "hs-c37ed8f274", "hs-b76fb338f9", "hs-75d33c8573", "hs-16139ddf3e", "hs-976479cd90" ] }, "production": { "built": "Hayward, California factory (58,000 sq ft) began full-scale production in April 2026 with capacity of 10,000 a year and a target of 100,000+ by end-2027 (company figures).", "sold": "First-year capacity of over 10,000 units sold out within five days of October 2025 pre-orders (company claim); robots built so far went to 1X's R&D lab and internal home testing, with first customer shipments planned for 2026.", "where": "United States first (2026); other markets from 2027" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-07-09", "title": "NEO's hands detailed", "summary": "1X announced 25-DoF tendon-driven hands for NEO.", "publisher": "1X Technologies", "url": "https://www.1x.tech/discover" }, { "date": "2026-06-04", "title": "1X World Model Lab", "summary": "1X set up a World Model Lab led by Sam Sinha.", "publisher": "1X Technologies", "url": "https://www.1x.tech/discover" }, { "date": "2026-05-01", "title": "NEO factory opens in Hayward", "summary": "1X said full-scale production began, with robots going to internal testing before customer shipments in 2026.", "publisher": "Robotics 24/7", "url": "https://www.robotics247.com/article/1x-opens-neo-humanoid-robot-factory-in-california" }, { "date": "2025-11-05", "title": "NEO pre-orders at $20,000 or $499 a month", "summary": "1X opened orders with a $200 deposit, priority 2026 US delivery and other markets in 2027.", "publisher": "Robotics 24/7", "url": "https://www.robotics247.com/article/video_1x_announces_neo_consumer_ready_humanoid_robot_pre_order_details_with_200_deposit" }, { "date": "2025-11-01", "title": "1X opens pre-orders for NEO home humanoid", "summary": "1X Technologies began taking pre-orders for its NEO home humanoid, with shipping planned for 2026 and a $499 monthly option.", "publisher": "note (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/n3a280730cea1" } ], "availability": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "regions": "United States first; the order page says US deliveries start in 2026 and names no other countries", "how": "Reserve online with a refundable deposit, then buy for a stated price with a 3-year warranty or pay a monthly subscription", "support": "Premium Support included with the purchase option; 3-year warranty", "note": "The page does not describe what Premium Support covers.", "source": "https://www.1x.tech/order" }, "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "none-found", "note": "No SDK, API or developer pages on the maker's NEO page or order page when checked.", "source": "https://www.1x.tech/neo" }, "buy": { "url": "https://www.1x.tech/order", "type": "preorder", "label": "Order NEO ($200 refundable deposit)", "price": "$20,000 (Early Access ownership) or $499/mo subscription; $200 deposit", "regions": "US (US deliveries start 2026)", "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/1x-neo-2025.jpg", "author": "1X Technologies", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.1x.tech/neo", "page": "https://www.1x.tech/neo", "kind": "maker", "w": 900, "h": 473 } }, { "id": "aidol-aidol-2025", "name": "AIDOL", "maker": "Artificial Intelligence Dynamic Organism Lab (AIDOL)", "makerId": "artificial-intelligence-dynamic-organism-lab", "country": "Russia", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-11", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "social", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Billed as the first Russian anthropomorphic robot with AI, with a full expressive face and offline conversation, from a self-funded 14-person Moscow startup. At its stage debut it took a few steps and fell on its face, which the company blamed on calibration.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-042df11831", "hs-e61a31297d", "hs-07d5f8466f" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-11", "event": "Technology event in Moscow (reported 11 Nov 2025)", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/feed/russia-s-aidol-humanoid-robot-takes-a-tumble-during-moscow-debut" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not on sale" }, "components": { "actuators": "Not published. Bipedal with a short-step gait; the company lists mechatronics, locomotion, dynamic stabilisation and in-house motor-control electronics among its skills.", "hands": "Company claims it can handle objects; hand design not published.", "sensors": "Not published; the AIDOL AI platform does face recognition and speaker identification.", "compute": "Not published.", "battery": "Not published.", "materials": "Not published.", "software": "AIDOL AI platform for conversation with context retention, face recognition and offline dialogue (company claims); software registered with Rospatent (three 2025 registrations).", "other": "Company claims full facial expressions. A desktop version for clinics, reception desks and schools shares the same core technology.", "sources": [ "hs-042df11831", "hs-07d5f8466f", "hs-da3a81c071", "hs-e61a31297d" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not on sale.", "where": "Russia (Moscow)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-11-17", "title": "Self-funded 14-person startup blames calibration", "summary": "AIDOL's makers called it Russia's first anthropomorphic AI robot and blamed the stage fall on calibration issues.", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2025/11/17/russian-startup-showcases-humanoid-robot-that-falls-over-on-stage/96675/" }, { "date": "2025-11-11", "title": "AIDOL falls over at Moscow debut", "summary": "The robot took a few short steps on stage and fell; developers said the project is still in testing.", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/feed/russia-s-aidol-humanoid-robot-takes-a-tumble-during-moscow-debut" } ], "video": { "id": "s8hABHmA_NE", "title": "Russia's first AI humanoid robot falls on stage", "channel": "NBC News (@NBCNews)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/aidol-aidol-2025.jpg", "author": "Artificial Intelligence Dynamic Organism Lab", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://aidoltech.ru/", "page": "https://aidoltech.ru/", "kind": "maker", "w": 418, "h": 522 } }, { "id": "ihmc-alex-2025", "name": "Alex (IHMC full-body humanoid)", "maker": "Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition (IHMC)", "makerId": "florida-institute", "country": "United States", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-11", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "military" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": 85, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 10, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Demonstrated publicly, including shadow boxing, at IHMC's Pensacola open house in April 2026.", "summary": "IHMC's all-electric successor to its hydraulic Nadia, funded by the US Office of Naval Research, with legs jointed like a human's, human-like arms and a faceless head, built to work outdoors in disaster and military settings. It is expected to weigh about 85 kg with battery versus about 100 kg for Nadia; reported DoF counts conflict (19 vs 29). Not to be confused with Boardwalk Robotics' upper-body Alex.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-3e213fd64b", "hs-646b5b70d8", "hs-89e1af133f" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-11", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/ihmc-alex-2025.jpg", "author": "Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition with Boardwalk Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://robots.ihmc.us/", "page": "https://robots.ihmc.us/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 504 } }, { "id": "foxconn-humanoid-2025", "name": "Foxconn bipedal humanoid", "maker": "Foxconn (Hon Hai Precision Industry)", "makerId": "foxconn", "country": "Taiwan", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-11", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Foxconn's first in-house bipedal humanoid.", "deployments": "Foxconn said humanoids would join its Houston AI-server plant within about six months (from late 2025); deployment not confirmed.", "summary": "A biped shown standing still at Hon Hai Tech Day 2025, with a demo of its dexterous hand; built around NVIDIA's Isaac GR00T N models.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-52dfe5d36e", "hs-f0ca4f96f8" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-11", "event": "Hon Hai Tech Day 2025", "url": "https://www.digitimes.com/news/a20251124PD217.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not for sale" }, "components": { "software": "NVIDIA Isaac GR00T N robotics foundation model.", "other": "Bipedal design; hardware specifications not published.", "sources": [ "hs-52dfe5d36e", "hs-f0ca4f96f8" ] }, "production": { "where": "United States first (Houston AI server plant), per Foxconn plans.", "customers": "Foxconn's own Houston plant assembling NVIDIA hardware (planned)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-11-24", "title": "Foxconn humanoid debuts at Hon Hai Tech Day", "summary": "Shown statically with a hand demo; targets factory deployment in Q1 2026.", "publisher": "DIGITIMES", "url": "https://www.digitimes.com/news/a20251124PD217.html" }, { "date": "2025-11-11", "title": "Foxconn to deploy NVIDIA-powered humanoids within six months", "summary": "Chairman Young Liu told Nikkei they would start at the Houston plant.", "publisher": "Hardware Busters", "url": "https://hwbusters.com/news/foxconn-to-deploy-nvidia-powered-humanoid-robots-on-production-lines-within-six-months/" } ], "buyNone": "For Foxconn's own production lines; not for sale.", "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/foxconn.png", "author": "鴻海精密工業股份有限公司 (Foxconn)", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Foxconn_logo-special2.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Foxconn_logo-special2.svg", "article": "File:Foxconn logo-special2.svg" } }, { "id": "sber-green-2025", "name": "Green", "maker": "Sber", "makerId": "sber", "country": "Russia", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-11", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "retail", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 180, "weightKg": 75, "dof": 41, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Sber's first humanoid robot, presented as Russia's GigaChat-powered entry into humanoids.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A two-legged humanoid that Sber CEO Herman Gref presented at the AI Journey conference in Moscow, running on Sber's GigaChat AI. Sber says it can find its way through unfamiliar spaces, pick and sort objects and fix its own mistakes; it has force-sensing fingers.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-2993486246", "hs-3c7d8009ce", "hs-8d26adfca1" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-11", "event": "AI Journey 2025 conference, Moscow", "url": "https://www.prensa-latina.cu/?p=1667409" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Gref said in June 2026 that a Green product line would be released by autumn 2026; no release confirmed" }, "components": { "actuators": "41 DoF; about 180 cm and 75 kg (figures given in June 2026).", "hands": "Fingers with force-torque sensing.", "software": "Built on Sber's GigaChat models ('physical AI'); Sber says each new GigaChat release extends its skills. Navigates on its own, picks and sorts objects in cluttered spaces and corrects its own mistakes.", "sources": [ "hs-2993486246", "hs-3c7d8009ce" ] }, "production": { "built": "Sber said in June 2026 it would start releasing the Green line by autumn 2026.", "where": "Russia", "customers": "None named; aimed at retail, catering and manufacturing." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-06-21", "title": "Sber plans Green production by autumn", "summary": "Herman Gref said Sber would start releasing 180 cm Green humanoids for retail and manufacturing by autumn 2026.", "publisher": "www1.ru", "url": "https://www1.ru/en/news/2026/06/21/sberbank-vypustit-180-santimetrovyx-robotov-gumanoidov-dlia-riteila-i-proizvodstva.html" }, { "date": "2025-11-20", "title": "Sber presents its own humanoid", "summary": "Sber CEO Herman Gref unveiled Green, running on GigaChat, at AI Journey 2025 in Moscow.", "publisher": "Prensa Latina", "url": "https://www.prensa-latina.cu/?p=1667409" } ], "video": { "id": "Jn_4e_1Z9wc", "title": "Sberbank Unveils 'Green' Humanoid Robot in Moscow, Dances for Putin - WION", "channel": "WION" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/sber-green-2025.jpg", "author": "Sber", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://habrastorage.org/r/w1560/getpro/habr/upload_files/23d/1b9/40a/23d1b940a0c0d4d7f42fe04870348cc3.jpg", "page": "https://habrastorage.org/r/w1560/getpro/habr/upload_files/23d/1b9/40a/23d1b940a0c0d4d7f42fe04870348cc3.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 667 } }, { "id": "rokae-helios-2025", "name": "Helios", "maker": "ROKAE Robotics", "makerId": "rokae", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-11", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial", "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 200, "weightKg": 160, "dof": 23, "speedKmh": 5.4, "payloadKg": 10, "batteryHours": 4, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled dual-arm humanoid from the industrial cobot maker ROKAE: two 7-axis force-controlled arms on a lifting waist, a 2-axis head with a stereo camera, and a four-wheel omnidirectional base. Height adjusts from about 149 to 200 cm; specs are for Helios II (160 kg with 5 kg arms, 180 kg with 10 kg arms). The spec table lists 23 DoF while the intro claims 42.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-28afdab5a4", "hs-6219757b6e" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-11", "event": "earliest dated public source: Helios datasheet on ROKAE site dated 2025-11-19; US debut at Automate 2026, Chicago", "url": "https://www.rokae.com/en/product/show/596/Wheeled-Dual-Arm-Robot-Helios.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "listed for sale with datasheet; payload is per arm (Helios II-10)" }, "components": { "actuators": "23 DoF on Helios II (neck 2, arms 7 each, waist 2, legs 2, chassis 3); whole-body force control using joint torque sensors in arms, waist and neck. ROKAE makes its own HSA integrated force-control joints.", "hands": "Payload 5 kg per arm (Helios II-5) or 10 kg (Helios II-10); electric grippers, dexterous hands or electric vacuum grippers as options.", "sensors": "Two 3D navigation lidars, head stereo camera, IMU; optional chest stereo camera, wrist camera, three fisheye cameras and a four-microphone array.", "compute": "Choice of NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 8GB (117 TOPS), Jetson AGX Orin 64GB (275 TOPS) or Jetson Thor T5000.", "battery": "Two 18 Ah packs (36 Ah); about 4 hours; 2-hour charge (10-90%); direct charging, battery swap or autonomous docking.", "software": "ROS 2 and Python SDK; gamepad control; Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and optional 5G.", "other": "Four-wheel omnidirectional base up to 1.5 m/s with +/-10 mm docking accuracy; 750 x 650 x 1,493-2,000 mm; 160 kg (II-5) or 180 kg (II-10). Optional wireless e-stop.", "sources": [ "hs-28afdab5a4", "hs-c8bae840f2" ] }, "production": { "where": "China (ROKAE, Beijing)", "customers": "None named; listed for auto parts, electronics, commercial services and research." }, "video": { "id": "us8YOvKPiH0", "title": "Meet Helios - ROKAE’s wheeled humanoid robot in real industrial action. #robot #humanoidrobots", "channel": "ROKAE Robotics (@ROKAERobotics)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/rokae-helios-2025.jpg", "author": "ROKAE Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.rokae.com/en/product/show/596/Wheeled-Dual-Arm-Robot-Helios.html", "page": "https://www.rokae.com/en/product/show/596/Wheeled-Dual-Arm-Robot-Helios.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 500, "h": 794 } }, { "id": "unitree-g1-d-2025", "name": "Unitree G1-D", "maker": "Unitree Robotics", "makerId": "unitree", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-11", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "retail", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 168, "weightKg": 90, "dof": 19, "speedKmh": 5.4, "payloadKg": 3, "batteryHours": 6, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Unitree's first wheeled humanoid.", "deployments": null, "summary": "Unitree's first wheeled humanoid: a G1-style upper body with two 7-DoF arms on a height-adjustable column (126-168 cm), sold as a stationary Standard or a mobile Flagship for collecting robot-training data and light manipulation. Payload is about 3 kg per arm; DoF and runtime are for the Flagship.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-1b4a0b7a08", "hs-61665f7db5" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-11", "event": "Unitree launch, November 2025", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "on sale; price not published by Unitree" }, "components": { "actuators": "Electric joint motors: 7 DoF per arm, 2-DoF waist (yaw ±155°, pitch -2.5° to 135°), 1-DoF lifting column (about 60 mm/s) and a 2-DoF differential wheel base; 17 DoF (Standard) or 19 DoF (Ultimate/Flagship) excluding end effectors. Torque not published.", "hands": "Options: 2-finger gripper, 3-finger dexterous hand without or with tactile sensing, or 5-finger dexterous hand; hand DoF not given. About 3 kg payload per arm.", "sensors": "HD binocular head camera, two HD wrist cameras; Ultimate chassis adds one LiDAR, two depth cameras, two collision sensors and two low-obstacle sensors (maker).", "compute": "8-core CPU; optional high-compute module such as NVIDIA Orin NX 16 GB (100 TOPS).", "battery": "Quick-release 9 Ah upper-body battery plus built-in 30 Ah chassis battery; about 2 hours (Standard) or 6 hours (Ultimate) runtime (maker). Voltage and charge time not published.", "materials": "Not published. About 90 kg with battery (gagadget reported up to 80 kg).", "software": "Data-acquisition platform (task creation, annotation, review, storage, export; 24/7 collection across hundreds of robots), distributed training with simulation evaluation and one-click deployment, integration with open models including Physical Intelligence (pi) and NVIDIA GR00T, and Unitree's open-source UnifoLM-WMA-0 world-model-action framework; OTA updates and secondary development.", "other": "Wi-Fi 6 and Bluetooth 5.2. Ultimate version drives at up to 1.5 m/s with 360-degree turn-in-place; vertical working range up to about 2 m.", "sources": [ "hs-1b4a0b7a08", "hs-61665f7db5" ] }, "production": { "sold": "On sale in Standard (stationary) and Ultimate (mobile) versions; price not published.", "where": "China (Unitree, Hangzhou)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "Unitree G1-D arrives in Japan at iREX 2025", "summary": "TechShare exhibited the newly arrived wheeled semi-humanoid G1-D at iREX 2025, positioned for work and foundation-model data collection.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2512/18/news014.html" }, { "date": "2025-11-14", "title": "Unitree launches wheeled G1-D for data collection", "summary": "Unitree introduced its first wheeled humanoid in stationary and mobile versions aimed at gathering robot-training data.", "publisher": "gagadget", "url": "https://gagadget.com/en/683530-unitree-introduces-its-first-wheeled-humanoid-robot-g1-d-for-data-collection-and-ai-training-amp/" } ], "availability": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "how": "Education and consumer buyers use the maker's online store; research and industrial buyers submit a booking form and the maker follows up within 5 working days", "support": "Customer service portal and document centre; warranty terms are in a separate brochure, not on the page", "note": "No sales regions or distributors listed; the form asks for country or region.", "source": "https://www.unitree.com/booking" }, "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "open", "how": "G1-D page lists secondary development and links the maker's GitHub: C++ and Python SDK, MuJoCo simulator, Isaac Lab and LeRobot tools", "note": "Code repositories name the G1; G1-D support is not stated there.", "sdkUrl": "https://github.com/unitreerobotics", "source": "https://www.unitree.com/G1-D" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/unitree-g1-d-2025.jpg", "author": "Unitree Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.unitree.com/G1-D", "page": "https://www.unitree.com/G1-D", "kind": "maker", "w": 800, "h": 800 } }, { "id": "puluo-yuzhou-dabai-2-2025", "name": "Dabai 2.0 (大白机器人2.0)", "maker": "Puluo Yuzhou Robotics (普罗宇宙, Suzhou)", "makerId": "puluo-yuzhou", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-11-04", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "sold online through JD.com; price not published", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Second generation delivered in small batches after its November 2025 launch (PEdaily, March 2026).", "summary": "An industrial wheeled robot with a boxy humanoid torso, a camera head and two arms that take swappable tool ends for screw driving, soldering, glue dispensing and oiling, with ±0.05 mm stated positioning accuracy. Its work body can separate from the wheeled base so loading modules can dock.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-07810caa12", "hs-b1e7d04c7d" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-11-04", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/puluo-yuzhou-dabai-2-2025.jpg", "author": "Puluo Yuzhou Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://pl-universe.com/Products/ProWhiteRobot", "page": "https://pl-universe.com/Products/ProWhiteRobot", "kind": "maker", "w": 714, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "xpeng-iron-2025", "name": "IRON (next generation)", "maker": "XPeng", "makerId": "xpeng", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-11-05", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "retail", "industrial", "social" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": 65, "dof": 82, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Uses an all-solid-state battery and a humanlike 'spine', 'muscles' and soft flexible skin.", "deployments": "Automated production line started in Guangzhou in 2026; first units go to XPeng stores and campuses, with Baosteel factory trials; sales planned for 2027.", "summary": "A very lifelike humanoid with 22-DOF hands, a curved face display and three in-house Turing chips (2,250 TOPS). Weight and 82 DOF come from press reports, not an official sheet.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-a4fd9fdb67", "hs-6677ff3bb3", "hs-aa9c3a0fd0", "hs-0d5ad21cce" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-11-05", "event": "XPeng AI Day 2025, Guangzhou", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2025/11/05/xpeng-unveils-next-gen-iron-humanoid-robot/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "production line opened 8 Sep 2026; mass production by end-2026; sales and deliveries planned for 2027" }, "components": { "actuators": "Production spec: 76 DoF in the body plus 21 per hand (2026); launch spec quoted 22-DoF hands. Bionic spine and muscle system; passive toe joints for a lifelike gait.", "hands": "21-22 DoF per hand.", "compute": "Three in-house Turing AI chips, up to 2,250 TOPS.", "battery": "Announced as all-solid-state; September 2026 reports say production units will use semi-solid pouch cells (unconfirmed by XPeng).", "materials": "Fully enclosed flexible lattice structure acting as skin and safety layer; 3D curved display in the head.", "software": "XPeng physical-world foundation model combining VLT, VLA and VLM; second-generation VLA; runs on board without teleoperation (company claim); SDK for developers.", "other": "Automated production line with over 80% of core processes automated (company).", "sources": [ "hs-a4fd9fdb67", "hs-6677ff3bb3", "hs-aa9c3a0fd0", "hs-0d5ad21cce", "hs-7758509bca", "hs-c7caa601da" ] }, "production": { "built": "Production line commissioned 8 Sep 2026; mass production targeted by end-2026, long-term goal 1,000+ per month (company).", "sold": "None to paying customers yet (Electrek, Sept 2026); sales planned 2027.", "where": "China first (XPeng stores and campuses), overseas from 2027.", "customers": "Baosteel (industrial inspection trials); planned museum, showroom and mall deployments." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-10-11", "title": "XPeng gives a European timetable for IRON: second half of 2027", "summary": "At a Paris event before the motor show, XPeng's CEO showed a plan with IRON mass production in late 2026, first deliveries in early 2027 and a European rollout in the second half of 2027; countries and price were not given.", "publisher": "EV (eletric-vehicles.com)", "url": "https://eletric-vehicles.com/xpeng/xpeng-sets-second-half-2027-european-rollout-for-iron-humanoid-robot/" }, { "date": "2026-09-08", "title": "XPeng opens IRON production line", "summary": "Over 80% of core processes automated; mass production by end-2026 and sales in 2027.", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2026/09/08/xpeng-opens-iron-humanoid-robot-production-line/" }, { "date": "2026-09-03", "title": "Report: IRON switches to semi-solid batteries", "summary": "XPeng has not confirmed; all-solid-state cells reportedly not ready.", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2026/09/03/xpeng-iron-shifts-to-semi-solid-batteries/" }, { "date": "2026-08-24", "title": "XPeng carves out robotics unit Dogotix", "summary": "About $900 million committed at about $6.3 billion post-money; IDG leads, Tencent and Alibaba join.", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2026/08/24/xpeng-carves-out-robotics-business/" }, { "date": "2025-11-06", "title": "Some viewers suspect a human inside IRON", "summary": "IRON's lifelike AI Day walk prompted claims of a person in a suit; Electrek reports engineers cut open a leg on stage to disprove it.", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2025/11/06/xpengs-iron-humanoid-robot-looks-so-real/" }, { "date": "2025-11-05", "title": "XPeng unveils next-gen IRON", "summary": "New body with bionic muscles, flexible skin, 22-DoF hands and 2,250 TOPS of compute.", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2025/11/05/xpeng-unveils-next-gen-iron-humanoid-robot/" }, { "date": "2025-11-05", "title": "XPeng's new IRON to use an all-solid-state battery", "summary": "At XPeng AI Day XPeng presented the highly human-proportioned new IRON and said it uses an all-solid-state battery.", "publisher": "note (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/na247cf586943" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots/xpeng-iron-2025.jpg", "author": "Tim Wu", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:XPeng_Iron_at_Auto_Guangzhou_2025_20251123.jpg", "article": "File:XPeng Iron at Auto Guangzhou 2025 20251123.jpg", "w": 426, "h": 640 }, "buyNone": "Not yet for sale; XPeng's site shows IRON only as technology (mass production targeted end of 2026, sales 2027).", "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/xpeng.png", "author": "XPeng Motor", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:XPeng_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:XPeng_logo.svg", "article": "File:XPeng logo.svg" } }, { "id": "zhejiang-humanoid-naviai-i3-2025", "name": "NAVIAI i3 (Navigator i3)", "maker": "Zhejiang Humanoid Robot Innovation Center", "makerId": "zhejiang-humanoid-innovation-center", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-11-12", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 180, "weightKg": 80, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 9, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A 1.8 m, 80 kg biped from a Ningbo government and Zhejiang University innovation centre, introduced for security work such as patrols and inspections. It can run at up to 9 km/h and keep its footing on gravel and slopes.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-66d8cf5605" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-11-12", "event": "Introduced by the Zhejiang Humanoid Robot Innovation Center, Ningbo", "url": "https://ningbo.chinadaily.com.cn/2025-11/13/c_1140691.htm" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "aimed at security patrol and inspection; mass production reported as being fast-tracked" }, "components": { "actuators": "Lower-limb mechanics with higher torque for longer strides, load bearing, bending and squatting.", "other": "1.8 m, 80 kg; runs at up to 9 km/h; keeps balance on gravel and slopes. Styled as a 'mechanical policeman' for patrols, inspections and protective services.", "sources": [ "hs-66d8cf5605" ] }, "production": { "built": "The centre said production was being accelerated after interest from potential clients.", "where": "Ningbo, Zhejiang, China", "customers": "None named." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-11-12", "title": "Ningbo centre unveils NAVIAI-I3", "summary": "The Zhejiang Humanoid Robot Innovation Center introduced a 1.8 m security-patrol biped and previewed a wheeled NAVIAI-WA2.", "publisher": "China Daily (Ningbo)", "url": "https://ningbo.chinadaily.com.cn/2025-11/13/c_1140691.htm" } ], "video": { "id": "LtPzJAeCr_o", "title": "Making its debut! The NAVIAI-I3 Intelligent Mechanical Guardian", "channel": "Zhejiang Humanoid" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/zhejiang-humanoid-naviai-i3-2025.jpg", "author": "Zhejiang Humanoid Robot Innovation Center", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.zj-humanoid.com/product/2", "page": "https://www.zj-humanoid.com/product/2", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "kist-lg-kapex-2025", "name": "KAPEX", "maker": "Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) with LG Electronics and LG AI Research", "makerId": "korea-institute-of-science", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-11-13", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "home", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": 60, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 20, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Korea's flagship 'K-humanoid', built by KIST with LG, which runs LG's EXAONE AI model and mostly Korean-made actuators. It is about 170 cm and 60 kg, can carry 20 kg and is meant first as a household helper (cleaning, tidying, laundry), with hospital trials planned.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-076300508d", "hs-da437daddf" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-11-13", "event": "First public unveiling at KIST, Seoul (project announced 8 October 2025)", "url": "https://www.hankyung.com/article/2025111324581" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research platform; LG to handle productisation, field trials planned within four years" }, "components": { "actuators": "High-output whole-body actuators developed in-house to raise Korea's technological self-reliance.", "hands": "Multi-fingered hand with fine tactile sensing; can carry 20 kg.", "sensors": "Tactile sensing in the hands plus environment perception (no full list published).", "software": "Reinforcement learning and vision-language-model learning, with LG AI Research's EXAONE (vision-language) model as the robot's 'brain'; navigates to targets on its own.", "other": "About 170 cm and 60 kg, built closer to adult human proportions. Name: K for Korea plus APEX. KIST leads core technology, LG Electronics handles productisation and mass production, LG AI Research supplies the AI.", "sources": [ "hs-076300508d", "hs-da437daddf" ] }, "production": { "built": "Research prototype; field demonstrations began in late 2025.", "sold": "Not sold.", "where": "South Korea (KIST, Seoul)", "customers": "None; household help first, with industrial demonstration and commercial deployment targeted within about four years." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-11-13", "title": "KIST and LG unveil KAPEX", "summary": "Korea's 'K-humanoid', running LG's EXAONE model, was shown publicly at KIST at 170 cm and 60 kg.", "publisher": "Hankyung", "url": "https://www.hankyung.com/article/2025111324581" }, { "date": "2025-10-08", "title": "KIST, LG and LG AI Research announce KAPEX", "summary": "The partners set out roles and a four-year path to industrial pilots and commercial deployment.", "publisher": "Hello T", "url": "https://www.hellot.net/mobile/article.html?no=106081" } ], "video": { "id": "dGlgiGMRoII", "title": "KAPEX 01 Trailer | AIR of KIST", "channel": "KIST AI·로봇연구소" } }, { "id": "tangible-eggie-2025", "name": "Eggie", "maker": "Tangible", "makerId": "tangible", "country": "United States", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-11-17", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "home", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled humanoid from a Palo Alto startup with a simple rounded head and two five-fingered hands, first shown wiping up a coffee spill in a kitchen demo video.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-f5ba028ac7", "hs-9722e81855" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-11-17", "event": "Debut demo video (Humanoids Daily report)", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/meet-eggie-tangible-robotics-joins-the-wheeled-humanoid-race-betting-on-dexterous-hands" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "No availability announced" }, "components": { "hands": "Two black, five-fingered anthropomorphic hands, the focus of the design.", "software": "Full-stack AI built on dexterity, compliance and whole-body control; trained on data from real deployments and a sensor-laden exoskeleton that records tactile data.", "other": "Wheeled base with a humanoid upper body and a simple rounded head.", "sources": [ "hs-f5ba028ac7", "hs-9722e81855" ] }, "production": { "where": "Palo Alto, California, USA", "customers": "None named." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-11-17", "title": "Tangible unveils wheeled humanoid Eggie", "summary": "Humanoids Daily covered Eggie's debut and the startup's bet on dexterous hands.", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/meet-eggie-tangible-robotics-joins-the-wheeled-humanoid-race-betting-on-dexterous-hands" } ] }, { "id": "agile-robots-agile-one-2025", "name": "Agile ONE", "maker": "Agile Robots", "makerId": "agile-robots", "country": "Germany", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-11-19", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 174, "weightKg": 69, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 7.2, "payloadKg": 20, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Munich company's first humanoid for factories, with sensitive five-finger hands and training on a large real-world industrial dataset; series production in Germany planned from 2026.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-89478b4649", "hs-421b42f555" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-11-19", "event": "Company launch announcement", "url": "https://www.agile-robots.com/en/news/detail/agile-robots-launches-humanoid-robot-for-industry-agile-one/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "series production planned from 2026" }, "components": { "actuators": "Not published.", "hands": "Agile Robots calls it the world's most dexterous robot hand; fingertip and force-torque sensors in each joint for tactile sensing (DoF not published).", "sensors": "Proximity sensors; responsive eyes; fingertip and joint force-torque sensors.", "compute": "Not published.", "battery": "Not published.", "software": "Layered AI (task planning, fast response, fine motor control) trained on a large European industrial dataset plus simulated and human data; runs on the AgileCore platform.", "other": "Chest information display; built in-house in Germany.", "sources": [ "hs-89478b4649", "hs-b6a97f6dc6" ] }, "production": { "built": "Full production planned from early 2026 at a new facility in Bavaria (company).", "where": "Germany" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-04", "title": "Humanoid Agile ONE embodies Physical AI at Hannover Messe 2026", "summary": "The humanoid was presented at Hannover Messe.", "publisher": "Agile Robots SE", "url": "https://www.agile-robots.com/en/news/detail/humanoid-agile-one-embodies-physical-ai-at-hannover-messe-2026/" }, { "date": "2025-11-19", "title": "Agile ONE launched", "summary": "Agile Robots introduced its industrial humanoid with production in Bavaria from 2026.", "publisher": "Agile Robots", "url": "https://www.agile-robots.com/en/news/detail/agile-robots-launches-humanoid-robot-for-industry-agile-one/" }, { "date": "2025-09", "title": "Agile Robots completes acquisition of BMW Group spin-off idealworks", "summary": "It bought the remaining shares of the BMW spin-off.", "publisher": "Agile Robots SE", "url": "https://www.agile-robots.com/en/news/detail/agile-robots-completes-acquisition-of-bmw-group-spin-off-idealworks/" }, { "date": "2025-06", "title": "Tamil Nadu inaugurates Agile Robots manufacturing facility", "summary": "Tamil Nadu’s chief minister inaugurated Agile Robots’ robotic components manufacturing facility at Irungattukottai on June 4, 2025.", "publisher": "The New Indian Express", "url": "https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/tamil-nadu/2025/Jun/04/tamil-nadu-attracts-rs-475-crore-in-fresh-investments-from-germanys-agile-robots-italys-sol-group" } ], "buyNone": "No order or pre-order; product page offers only 'Contact us' to discuss options (series production planned from 2026).", "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/agile-robots-agile-one-2025.jpg", "author": "Agile Robots", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.agile-robots.com/en/news/detail/agile-robots-launches-humanoid-robot-for-industry-agile-one/", "page": "https://www.agile-robots.com/en/news/detail/agile-robots-launches-humanoid-robot-for-industry-agile-one/", "kind": "maker", "w": 900, "h": 601 } }, { "id": "sunday-memo-2025", "name": "Memo", "maker": "Sunday Robotics", "makerId": "sunday", "country": "United States", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-11-19", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "home" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": 77, "dof": 20, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "No retail price; Sunday says each hand-built Memo costs about $20,000 to make today and expects mass production to cut cost by at least half.", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Home robot trained on about 10 million episodes recorded with a 'skill capture glove' in 500+ homes.", "deployments": "Founding Family Beta for 50 households planned by end of 2026.", "summary": "Wheeled home helper with a head and two 7-DoF arms that loads dishwashers, folds laundry and makes coffee; Sunday was founded by Stanford roboticists and launched with $35 million.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-cfa5b31080", "hs-70792c3c23" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-11-19", "event": "Emerged from stealth", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not for sale; Founding Family beta deliveries planned for late 2026 (Sunday)" }, "components": { "actuators": "Compliant control, so it yields when pushed; passive stability so it does not drop when power is cut.", "hands": "Not specified by Sunday; handles glassware and utensils.", "sensors": "Not published.", "compute": "On-board AI (not specified).", "battery": "Not published.", "materials": "Soft silicone shell with no sharp corners, wipeable; colour-ways and hats.", "software": "Learns from human movements recorded with Sunday's Skill Capture Glove (thousands shipped to home 'Memory Developers'), not from in-home teleoperation; growing Skill Library.", "other": "Wheeled base with low centre of gravity; rests about 4 ft tall and reaches up to 7 ft.", "sources": [ "hs-05b79eb554", "hs-48d84d3a0e" ] }, "production": { "built": "Each hand-built unit costs about $20,000 to make today (Sunday).", "sold": "Not for sale; Founding Family beta in late 2026.", "where": "United States" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-03-14", "title": "Sunday raises $165M at $1.15B", "summary": "Coatue led the Series B to fund beta deliveries.", "publisher": "Pulse 2.0", "url": "https://pulse2.com/sunday-165-million-at-1-15-billion-valuation-raised-for-autonomous-home-robots" }, { "date": "2025-10", "title": "Memo learns glassware and espresso", "summary": "Sunday said Memo learned to fold socks, handle glasses and pull an espresso.", "publisher": "Sunday", "url": "https://www.sunday.ai/" }, { "date": "2024-12", "title": "One-armed Memo learns first task", "summary": "Sunday's early Memo learned to arrange shoes.", "publisher": "Sunday", "url": "https://www.sunday.ai/" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://www.sunday.ai/beta-program", "type": "waitlist", "label": "Apply to be a Founding Family (2026 beta)", "price": "No cost to join beta; retail price not set", "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "ERH-tMUHV1E", "title": "Introducing Memo, from Sunday", "channel": "Sunday Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/sunday-memo-2025.jpg", "author": "Sunday Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.sunday.ai/beta-program", "page": "https://www.sunday.ai/beta-program", "kind": "maker", "w": 800, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "phybot-m1-2025", "name": "PHYBOT M1", "maker": "PHYBOT", "makerId": "phybot", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-11-21", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 172, "weightKg": null, "dof": 32, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 20, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Target price under US$42,000 reported by Inspenet; not confirmed by the maker in sources opened.", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "The maker claims it is the first full-size electric humanoid to do a human-like standing backflip.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A full-size electric biped from a startup founded by Tsinghua University alumni, pitched as a strength-first worker for heavy logistics jobs", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-75e09f35db", "hs-85852e5ccd" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-11-21", "event": "Backflip video posted by PHYBOT", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/humanoid-robot-backflip-superman-landing" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "no sale date or price announced" }, "components": { "actuators": "32 DoF; joints up to 530 N·m peak torque in lab tests; torque density about 200 N·m/kg; bursts above 10 kW. Actuator type not stated.", "hands": "Arms lift 10-20 kg.", "sensors": "3D lidar, stereo RGB cameras and an IMU.", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson Orin plus an Intel Core i7.", "battery": "72 V system with dual swappable 9 Ah batteries; over 2 hours.", "software": "In-house control software, not based on open-source frameworks.", "other": "1.72 m, under 60 kg. A modular backpack carries over 50 kg. Video shows backflips and a 'Superman' landing.", "sources": [ "hs-75e09f35db", "hs-85852e5ccd" ] }, "production": { "where": "China", "customers": "None named; pitched at heavy logistics work." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "PHYBOT M1 profiled for torque and power", "summary": "Inspenet summarised M1's 530 N·m joints, Orin-plus-i7 compute and a target price under $42,000.", "publisher": "Inspenet", "url": "https://inspenet.com/en/?p=325180" }, { "date": "2025-11-25", "title": "PHYBOT M1 lands a backflip", "summary": "Interesting Engineering covered the video and specs of PHYBOT's strength-first biped.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/humanoid-robot-backflip-superman-landing" } ], "video": { "id": "FQkN3wauOuE", "title": "History made—PHYBOT M1 is the first full-size electric humanoid to pull off a human-like b", "channel": "PHYBOT (@PHYBOT-Technology)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/phybot-m1-2025.jpg", "author": "PHYBOT", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.phybot.tech/", "page": "https://www.phybot.tech/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "changan-xiao-an-2025", "name": "Xiao An (小安)", "maker": "Changan Automobile (Changan Tianshu Intelligent Robot)", "makerId": "changan-automobile", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-11-21", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 169, "weightKg": null, "dof": 40, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Chongqing carmaker Changan's first humanoid.", "deployments": null, "summary": "Changan's 169 cm walking prototype with 40 degrees of freedom, one lidar and five cameras, running the company's Tianshu large model for conversation and motion imitation; it performed martial arts at the 2025 Guangzhou auto show. Battery life is stated as over two hours; Changan targets humanoid mass production in 2028.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-eb939791fc", "hs-88dc26c5a5" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-11-21", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" } }, { "id": "disney-olaf-2025", "name": "Olaf (free-roaming robotic character)", "maker": "Walt Disney Imagineering / Disney Research", "makerId": "walt-disney-imagineering", "country": "United States", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-11-24", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 88.7, "weightKg": 14.9, "dof": 25, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "none", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Announced for World of Frozen at Disneyland Paris and Hong Kong Disneyland from early 2026.", "summary": "A self-walking robot version of the Frozen snowman whose gait was learned with reinforcement learning guided by animation, including rewards that cut footstep noise and keep neck motors cool. It is 88.7 cm tall without hair and 14.9 kg, with 25 joints (6 per leg, 2 per arm, 3 neck, plus jaw, eyebrow and eyes).", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-88fba121ab", "hs-d61953953c", "hs-dd7e611f72", "hs-9109c00615" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-11-24", "event": "Press unveiling at Disneyland Paris", "url": "https://www.wdwinfo.com/news-stories/disney-unveils-next-generation-robotic-olaf-at-disneyland-paris/" }, "released": { "date": "2026-03-29", "note": "Appears in World of Frozen at Disneyland Paris from the land's opening, at irregular times and in the Arendelle show, under staff supervision." }, "components": { "actuators": "25 joints: 6 per leg, 2 per shoulder, 3 neck, plus jaw, eyebrow and 4 mechanical eye axes; Unitree and Dynamixel actuators. Asymmetric 6-DoF legs (one inverted) hidden under the skirt; spherical five-bar shoulder linkages and four-bar jaw and eyelid linkages.", "sensors": "IMU fused with actuator readings in a state estimator.", "compute": "Three on-board computers; policies trained in Isaac Sim on a single RTX 4090 in about two days.", "materials": "Polyurethane-foam skirt and snowball feet; four-way stretch fabric costume with semi-rigid boning, held on with magnets and snaps; iridescent fibres in the 'snow'. Removable carrot nose.", "software": "Reinforcement learning (PPO) with separate walking and standing policies guided by animation; rewards cut footstep noise by 13.5 dB and keep neck actuators under 80 C using a thermal model. Show functions (arms, eyes, jaw) use classical control. Disney contributed its Kamino simulator to the Newton framework with NVIDIA and Google DeepMind.", "other": "88.7 cm without hair, 14.9 kg. Can speak and converse. Press previews were operator-controlled; in the park it relies on human supervision, with a same-size puppet as a fallback.", "sources": [ "hs-88fba121ab", "hs-d61953953c", "hs-2b6f98f18f", "hs-75e1d8ea6d", "hs-9109c00615" ] }, "production": { "built": "Not disclosed.", "sold": "Not sold.", "where": "Walt Disney Imagineering (USA) with Disney Research", "customers": "Disneyland Paris (World of Frozen, opened 29 March 2026) and Hong Kong Disneyland (limited-time appearances)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-03-31", "title": "Olaf appears in Paris World of Frozen", "summary": "Sortiraparis said Olaf meets guests at random times and in a show, under staff supervision.", "publisher": "Sortiraparis", "url": "https://www.sortiraparis.com/en/what-to-visit-in-paris/walks/articles/342983-disneyland-paris-is-olaf-the-animatronic-visible-in-world-of-frozen" }, { "date": "2025-12-18", "title": "Disney Research publishes Olaf paper", "summary": "An arXiv paper detailed Olaf's hidden legs, actuators and noise- and heat-aware RL control.", "publisher": "arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/2512.16705v1" }, { "date": "2025-11-24", "title": "Imagineering reveals robotic Olaf", "summary": "Disney unveiled a free-walking Olaf in Paris, due in World of Frozen in Paris and Hong Kong in 2026.", "publisher": "The Walt Disney Company", "url": "https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/olaf-robotic-character/" } ], "video": { "id": "dbjm02cvdiQ", "title": "Disney's Olaf Self-Roaming Robot Comes to Life World of Frozen", "channel": "Walt Disney Imagineering" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/disney-olaf-2025.jpg", "author": "Walt Disney Imagineering R&D (with Disney Research)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://la.disneyresearch.com/publication/olaf-bringing-an-animated-character-to-life-in-the-physical-world/", "page": "https://la.disneyresearch.com/publication/olaf-bringing-an-animated-character-to-life-in-the-physical-world/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 667 } }, { "id": "cetc-21-explorer-d1-2025", "name": "Explorer D1 (Tansuo D1)", "maker": "CETC 21st Research Institute", "makerId": "cetc-21st-research-institute", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-11-25", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": 75, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A full-size humanoid from a state electronics group's motor institute, aimed at heavy industrial work such as moving goods, inspection and factory tasks. It launched at 170 cm and about 70 kg; the version shown at WRC 2026 was given as 175 cm and 75 kg.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-652cbeda87", "hs-195c19af8a" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-11-25", "event": "Launched at the 29th China Small Motor Technology Exhibition, Shanghai", "url": "https://finance.eastmoney.com/a/202511263575291056.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "shown again at WRC 2026, August 2026" }, "components": { "actuators": "The institute's integrated electric joints, combining precision servo motors, planetary reducers, sensing and drives; the institute leads drafting of a national standard series for such humanoid joints.", "other": "Launched at about 170 cm and 70 kg; the WRC 2026 version is 175 cm and 75 kg. Positioned as a special-purpose humanoid being validated at realistic training grounds.", "sources": [ "hs-652cbeda87", "hs-195c19af8a" ] }, "production": { "where": "Shanghai, China (CETC 21st Research Institute with CETC Robotics)", "customers": "None named; aimed at logistics handling, industrial inspection and heavy factory work." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-08-25", "title": "Explorer D1 shown at WRC 2026", "summary": "China Daily reported the 175 cm D1 and its in-house electric joints in the central SOE pavilion.", "publisher": "China Daily", "url": "https://cn.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202608/25/WS6a8d32ace4b09dff9814ef2b.html" }, { "date": "2025-11-26", "title": "CETC 21 launches Explorer D1", "summary": "The humanoid was launched at the opening of the 29th China Small Motor Technology Exhibition in Shanghai.", "publisher": "Eastmoney", "url": "https://finance.eastmoney.com/a/202511263575291056.html" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/cetc-21-explorer-d1-2025.jpg", "author": "CETC 21st Research Institute", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/product/741.html", "page": "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/product/741.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 453, "h": 801 } }, { "id": "dongfeng-xiao-dong-2025", "name": "Xiao Dong (小东)", "maker": "Dongfeng Motor (R&D Institute) with Huazhong University of Science and Technology", "makerId": "dongfeng", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-11-25", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "retail" ], "locomotion": "unknown", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Dongfeng plans factory trial production in final assembly from late 2026 and a few hundred units in 2027 (per Daily Economic News, Sep 2026).", "summary": "Dongfeng's humanoid, with Dongfeng designing the 'brain' on its Tianyuan T500 controller (700+ TOPS, 8B-class on-device multimodal model) and HUST developing the motion 'cerebellum'. First announced for dealership reception, it is now aimed at sorting, handling and inspection in final assembly; its dexterous hands are still being trained.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-3af91ba5b1", "hs-975485e09c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-11-25", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" } }, { "id": "blogic-george-2025", "name": "George", "maker": "Blogic (Business Logic s.r.o.)", "makerId": "blogic", "country": "Czech Republic", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-12", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Planned robotics-as-a-service lease; no price published", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Presented to Skoda Auto engineers in Mlada Boleslav and shown at an innovation event in Pilsen (June 2026); pilot runs at partner factories were being prepared as of July 2026.", "summary": "A Czech humanoid upper body (torso, arms, hands and a camera head) for factory pick-and-place, assembly and inspection, built in Zlin from summer 2025 with parts printed on Prusa 3D printers and taught partly through VR teleoperation. Blogic plans to put it on a mobile base by the end of 2026 and to have a walking version by the end of 2027; height and joint counts were not published.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-5f6ca342c7", "hs-31d651a337", "hs-dd24a71fe0", "hs-8e6b1c5031" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-12", "event": "Blogic announcement of the George humanoid (prototype upper body built from summer 2025)", "url": "https://www.blogic.cz/en/post/robot-george-a-european-humanoid-that-opens-a-new-chapter" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/blogic-george-2025.jpg", "author": "Blogic", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://robotgeorge.com/george", "page": "https://robotgeorge.com/george", "kind": "maker", "w": 373, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "noetix-hobbs-w1-2025", "name": "Hobbs W1", "maker": "Noetix Robotics", "makerId": "noetix", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-12", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "social", "retail" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "price not published", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A full-size wheeled reception humanoid with a lifelike silicone face that Noetix says can show over 200 micro-expressions (32 active face joints). It has 5-DoF arms with 6-DoF hands, cameras in the eyes and chest, and a touchscreen, and is pitched at hotels, shops, offices and schools. Noetix also sells the Hobbs head as a separate bust.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-cce4a13262", "hs-9aeebd6c15", "hs-9117fccefb" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-12", "event": "Noetix launch, reported by Interesting Engineering on 2025-12-17", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/noetix-unveils-humanoid-receptionist-lifelike-face" }, "released": { "date": "2025-12", "note": "launched as a reception robot; leads 'Hobbs' and 'Hobbs W1' merged here" }, "components": { "actuators": "Electric joints; Noetix lists 5-DoF arms. The face uses 32 active and 8 passive degrees of freedom for expressions, per Noetix as reported by Mike Kalil.", "hands": "6-DoF dexterous hands for gestures, handing over items and light tasks.", "sensors": "Two RGB cameras in the eyes and a third camera in the chest; autonomous indoor mapping and navigation.", "materials": "Lifelike skin-toned bionic head on a metallic silver body styled with a long skirt silhouette; wheeled full-size base.", "software": "Emotion recognition, natural conversation and real-time information sync, per Noetix; fully autonomous reception and guidance navigation.", "other": "Hobbs is a customisable platform also sold as an android bust. Noetix used the Hobbs platform to build a robot replica of actress Cai Ming for the 2026 CCTV Spring Festival Gala. Interactive touchscreen on the chest.", "sources": [ "hs-cce4a13262", "hs-9aeebd6c15", "hs-9117fccefb" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not disclosed; no Hobbs W1 price or orders published in sources opened", "where": "Beijing, China (maker HQ)", "customers": "Pitched at hotels, retail, schools and offices; no named customers" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-02-28", "title": "Hobbs platform used for Spring Festival Gala android", "summary": "Mike Kalil reports Noetix built a lifelike replica of actress Cai Ming on its Hobbs platform for the 2026 gala.", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/new-breed-hyper-realistic-humanoid-robots/" }, { "date": "2025-12-19", "title": "Noetix unveils Hobbs W1 amid funding wave", "summary": "SCMP (via Yahoo) reports Noetix's most humanlike robot so far, launched after raising nearly 500 million yuan in two months.", "publisher": "South China Morning Post (Yahoo Tech)", "url": "https://tech.yahoo.com/general/articles/chinas-humanoid-arms-race-start-093000545.html" }, { "date": "2025-12-17", "title": "Hobbs W1 receptionist revealed", "summary": "Noetix presents Hobbs W1 as an all-round service robot with 6-DoF hands, 5-DoF arms and autonomous navigation.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/noetix-unveils-humanoid-receptionist-lifelike-face" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/noetix-hobbs-w1-2025.jpg", "author": "Noetix Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.noetixrobotics.com/en/detail/W1", "page": "https://www.noetixrobotics.com/en/detail/W1", "kind": "maker", "w": 416, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "vinmotion-motion-2-2025", "name": "Motion 2", "maker": "VinMotion (Vingroup)", "makerId": "vinmotion", "country": "Vietnam", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-12", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "VinMotion's second-generation biped, shown in a promo video doing a 40 kg back lift, a karate strike and a backbend and grasping with five-fingered hands. It made its international debut at CES 2026 at Qualcomm's booth.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-f7f709fa19", "hs-3d09bd7f73" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-12", "event": "Promo video teaser, then CES 2026 (Las Vegas, January 2026)", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/vietnam-vinmotion-motion2-humanoid-robot/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "VinMotion says mass production is planned for later in 2026" }, "components": { "actuators": "Electric joints; promo video shows a 40 kg back lift, a karate strike through wood and a backbend.", "hands": "Five-fingered hands shown grasping paper and picking items off the ground.", "compute": "Qualcomm Dragonwing IQ9 Series processor, per Qualcomm's CES 2026 release.", "battery": "Video shows the robot charging itself; capacity not published.", "software": "VinMotion describes a 'Humanoid of Things' deployment infrastructure aimed at mass deployment with little setup; the company is hiring for LLM, speech recognition and motion control.", "other": "International debut at Qualcomm's CES 2026 booth (#5001), where a unit fell during a live demo. Second generation after Motion 1 (mid-2025).", "sources": [ "hs-f7f709fa19", "hs-3d09bd7f73", "hs-fb1dbd1e6a" ] }, "production": { "built": "Prototype/pre-production; VinMotion says it is moving toward mass production later in 2026", "sold": "Not sold as of sources opened", "where": "Hanoi, Vietnam; office planned in Southern California", "customers": "Initial targets are light industrial tasks (material transport, inspection, assembly support); no named customers" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-06-05", "title": "Vingroup's humanoid push goes global", "summary": "Mike Kalil reports VinMotion launched Motion 2 at CES 2026 with Qualcomm and is heading for mass production later in 2026.", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/vietnam-humanoid-robots-go-global/" }, { "date": "2026-01-05", "title": "Qualcomm names Motion 2 as Dragonwing IQ9 showcase", "summary": "Qualcomm's CES robotics release says VinMotion's Motion 2 runs on Dragonwing IQ9 and would be shown at its booth.", "publisher": "Qualcomm", "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/news/releases/2026/01/qualcomm-introduces-a-full-suite-of-robotics-technologies-power" }, { "date": "2025-12-30", "title": "VinMotion shows second-generation Motion 2", "summary": "A promo video shows a more refined biped lifting 40 kg, striking wood and grasping with five-fingered hands.", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/vietnam-vinmotion-motion2-humanoid-robot/" } ], "video": { "id": "V_XIjoSKxd0", "title": "Introducing Motion 2", "channel": "VinMotion" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/vinmotion-motion-2-2025.jpg", "author": "VinMotion (Vingroup)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://d3v70v6h60zctf.cloudfront.net/Web_Motion_2_Launching_e557019909.jpg", "page": "https://d3v70v6h60zctf.cloudfront.net/Web_Motion_2_Launching_e557019909.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 397 } }, { "id": "humanoid-hmnd-01-bipedal-2025", "name": "HMND 01 (bipedal Alpha)", "maker": "Humanoid (SKL Robotics Ltd)", "makerId": "humanoid", "country": "United Kingdom", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-12-02", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "home", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Company says it walked 48 hours after final assembly, five months from design to prototype.", "deployments": null, "summary": "Legged version of HMND 01 aimed at future home and general uses, announced after the wheeled Alpha.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-3581ed2914" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-12-02", "event": "Humanoid press release: bipedal Alpha walks 48 hours after assembly", "url": "https://thehumanoid.ai/humanoid-unveils-record-breaking-bipedal-robot-walking-48-hours-after-assembly/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not for sale" }, "components": { "actuators": "Not specified by Humanoid;", "hands": "Modular end effectors: 12-DoF five-fingered hand or 1-DoF parallel gripper; end-effector force/torque sensors.", "sensors": "Six RGB cameras and two depth sensors in the head, wrist RGB cameras, six-microphone array, 6D force/torque sensors, haptic sensors, joint torque feedback.", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson Orin AGX plus Intel i9 processors.", "battery": "Swappable; three hours per the launch release, four hours average on the spec page.", "materials": "Interchangeable protective garments.", "software": "KinetIQ four-layer AI stack (fleet agent, VLM reasoning, VLA actions, whole-body controller); locomotion trained in NVIDIA Isaac Sim/Isaac Lab and walked 48 hours after final assembly.", "other": "179 cm, 90 kg, 29 DoF excluding end effectors, 2 m/s max, 15 kg bimanual payload; built from design to prototype in five months.", "sources": [ "hs-218a67a025", "hs-a4ebbc2953", "hs-fed93c2d67" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not for sale; prototype.", "where": "United Kingdom" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-08", "title": "34,000 pre-orders and $2.4B pipeline reported", "summary": "Humanoid's press list cites Forbes on its pre-order book (company-reported figures).", "publisher": "Humanoid (SKL Robotics Ltd)", "url": "https://thehumanoid.ai/" }, { "date": "2026-07-21", "title": "$152M Series A at $1.35B valuation", "summary": "Humanoid's press list cites Reuters and Forbes on the round.", "publisher": "Humanoid (SKL Robotics Ltd)", "url": "https://thehumanoid.ai/" }, { "date": "2026-05-13", "title": "Schaeffler deal for up to 2,000 robots", "summary": "Humanoid's press list cites Reuters on robots for Schaeffler plants.", "publisher": "Humanoid (SKL Robotics Ltd)", "url": "https://thehumanoid.ai/" }, { "date": "2025-12-02", "title": "Bipedal Alpha unveiled", "summary": "Humanoid showed a bipedal HMND 01 that walked 48 hours after assembly.", "publisher": "Humanoid (SKL Robotics Ltd)", "url": "https://thehumanoid.ai/humanoid-unveils-record-breaking-bipedal-robot-walking-48-hours-after-assembly/" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://thehumanoid.ai/hmnd-01-alpha-bipedal/", "type": "waitlist", "label": "Get Early Access", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/humanoid-hmnd-01-bipedal-2025.jpg", "author": "Humanoid (SKL Robotics Ltd)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://thehumanoid.ai/humanoid-unveils-record-breaking-bipedal-robot-walking-48-hours-after-assembly/", "page": "https://thehumanoid.ai/humanoid-unveils-record-breaking-bipedal-robot-walking-48-hours-after-assembly/", "kind": "maker", "w": 651, "h": 900 } }, { "id": "engineai-t800-2025", "name": "T800", "maker": "EngineAI (Zhongqing Robotics)", "makerId": "engineai", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-12-02", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "entertainment", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 173, "weightKg": 75, "dof": 29, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 5, "priceUsd": 25000, "priceNote": "CNY 180,000 (about $25,000) for the basic version on JD.com", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Standard machine for the first commercial full-size humanoid fighting league (URKL, Shenzhen, July 2026).", "deployments": "Used by 32 teams in EngineAI's URKL combat league from July 2026 and in a Riyadh showcase in September 2026.", "summary": "A heavy 1.73 m humanoid with a magnesium-aluminium shell, 450 Nm peak joint torque and 4-5 hours per charge, famous for jump kicks.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-2ed2e99eec", "hs-b958f3f7c0" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-12-02", "event": "EngineAI launch", "url": "https://drc.sz.gov.cn/ywb/szxw/ztbd/content/post_12533344.html" }, "released": { "date": "2025-12", "note": "on sale via JD.com" }, "components": { "actuators": "29 DoF excluding hands; peak joint torque 450 Nm.", "hands": "Three-finger hands with 7 DoF each.", "battery": "Solid-state battery, 4-5 hours per charge (company).", "materials": "Magnesium-aluminium alloy exoskeleton.", "other": "173 cm, 75 kg; showcased sparring with a Thai boxing champion.", "sources": [ "hs-2ed2e99eec", "hs-b958f3f7c0", "hs-b892161355" ] }, "production": { "sold": "3,000-4,000 intention orders (CEO, Dec 2025); deliveries not disclosed.", "where": "China (JD.com)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-02-09", "title": "EngineAI launches URKL robot fighting league", "summary": "16 teams compete for a gold belt worth 10 million yuan; EngineAI reported 3,000-4,000 intention orders for T800 (CEO, Dec 2025).", "publisher": "Yicai Global", "url": "https://www2.yicaiglobal.com/news/worlds-first-commercial-humanoid-robot-fighting-league-launches-in-china" }, { "date": "2026-01-12", "title": "Omdia lists EngineAI fifth in 2025 shipments", "summary": "EngineAI was in the 150-500 unit band.", "publisher": "China Daily", "url": "https://investinchina.chinadaily.com.cn/s/202601/12/WS6964b698498e23165e06cba4/chinese-firms-lead-global-humanoid-robot-production-in-2025-report.html" }, { "date": "2025-12-05", "title": "T800 goes on sale on JD.com from 180,000 yuan", "summary": "Pitched as a labour-replacement platform; Pro, Max and open-source editions custom-priced.", "publisher": "Shenzhen Development and Reform Commission", "url": "https://drc.sz.gov.cn/ywb/szxw/ztbd/content/post_12533344.html" } ], "availability": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "how": "The maker has a Global Flagship Store page and contact page; its purchase page lists other models on JD.com but not the T800", "support": "12-month warranty on the whole machine; remote support in mainland China and overseas; overseas repair by mail-in, local centre or on-site (USD 500 per person per day)", "note": "Warranty and service terms are the maker's general policy for its products, not T800-specific. No T800 sales regions were stated.", "source": "https://en.engineai.com.cn/policies-and-terms.html" }, "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "open", "how": "Development guides for the T800 (ROS 2, visualisation app, native SDK); C++ native SDK, ROS 2 workspace, simulation runtime and Isaac Lab training environments on GitHub", "sdkUrl": "https://github.com/engineai-robotics", "source": "https://engineai.com.cn/open" }, "buy": { "url": "https://en.engineai.com.cn/product-t800.html", "type": "store", "label": "Buy Now (links to JD.com search for T800)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "FGcQqyCaG5s", "title": "EngineAI T800: Born to Disrupt! #EngineAI #robotics #newtechnology #newproduct", "channel": "Engineai Robot" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/engineai-t800-2025.jpg", "author": "EngineAI (Zhongqing Robotics)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://en.engineai.com.cn/product-t800.html", "page": "https://en.engineai.com.cn/product-t800.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 562, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "jinki-ittai-ichirei-shiki-jinki-v1-2025", "name": "Ichi-rei-shiki Jinki ver.1.0 (一零式人機 ver.1.0)", "maker": "Jinki Ittai (Man-Machine Synergy Effectors)", "makerId": "jinki-ittai", "country": "Japan", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-12-03", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A life-size, human-operated humanoid prototype aimed at high-voltage power work at height: the concept walks on legs on the ground and works with four arms when carried in the bucket of an aerial work vehicle. It is the mechanism meant to sit inside the 'humanoid heavy machine' styled by anime designer Shoji Kawamori, and was shown with its exterior at Japan IT Week in April 2026.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-da353fb347", "hs-c30e5c43e9" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-12-03", "event": "iREX 2025 (3-6 Dec), Tokyo Big Sight", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2512/23/news026_2.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Prototype in development." }, "components": { "actuators": "Upper body currently uses off-the-shelf hardware and the lower body uses outside actuators; Jinki Ittai wants fully in-house actuators and structure later. The company is also promoting its own compound-planetary 'Jinki Rensei' reducer (reduction ratios up to about 10,000:1).", "hands": "Concept calls for a standardised wrist interface and plug-and-play tool changer (grippers, power drivers, special tools) rather than a fixed hand; a tool rack sits on the back.", "software": "Human-operated ('jinki') robot using Jinki Ittai's power-amplifying bilateral force-control teleoperation; force data handled at around 4,000 samples per second on industrial PCs in its Advantech tie-up.", "other": "Mounts at the waist to the tip of an aerial-work-vehicle boom and can work with two arms and two legs or four limbs; on the ground it walks. Target is remote high-voltage line work now done with insulated sticks. Exterior styled by anime designer Shoji Kawamori.", "sources": [ "hs-057cb82d90", "hs-c30e5c43e9" ] }, "production": { "built": "Prototype (shown bare at iREX 2025, with exterior at Japan IT Week Spring 2026)", "sold": "Not sold", "where": "Japan", "customers": "None named; Advantech collaboration on control computing (2026)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-04-12", "title": "Ichi-rei-shiki Jinki shown with exterior at Advantech booth", "summary": "Static display at Japan IT Week Spring 2026 as Jinki Ittai and Advantech announced work on standard control PCs.", "publisher": "Kazumichi Moriyama (note)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/n2e8ef3d91457" }, { "date": "2025-12-23", "title": "Life-size prototype debuts at iREX 2025", "summary": "MONOist reports the prototype that will sit inside the Kawamori-styled humanoid heavy machine, shown at Jinki Ittai's 10-partner booth.", "publisher": "MONOist", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2512/23/news026_2.html" } ], "video": { "id": "5Vp-WXY278A", "title": "2025 国際ロボット展（iREX2025）│ 人機一体 │ それ、人機とやろう。│ ダイジェスト動画", "channel": "株式会社人機一体" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/jinki-ittai-ichirei-shiki-jinki-v1-2025.jpg", "author": "Jinki Ittai (Man-Machine Synergy Effectors)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://storage.googleapis.com/studio-design-asset-files/projects/BmqMVJ3YaX/s-4243x3000_v-frms_webp_a91aa9cf-4a14-41ef-83d2-1c4e396f1c9b.jpg", "page": "https://storage.googleapis.com/studio-design-asset-files/projects/BmqMVJ3YaX/s-4243x3000_v-frms_webp_a91aa9cf-4a14-41ef-83d2-1c4e396f1c9b.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 707 } }, { "id": "kawasaki-kaleido-9-2025", "name": "Kaleido 9 (RHP Kaleido)", "maker": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries", "makerId": "kawasaki", "country": "Japan", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-12-03", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "research", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 190, "weightKg": 99, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 5, "payloadKg": 30, "batteryHours": 3, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "No maker price; a third-party guide lists $200,000.", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Ninth generation of Kawasaki's humanoid line begun in 2015; all-electric, with LiDAR SLAM self-walking.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A large 1.9 m, 99 kg humanoid with a magnesium frame that avoids people and adjusts stride on stairs. Specs come from a third-party sheet; another report gives an 18 kg payload.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-675cedb51b", "hs-a244bb8575", "hs-fbac26cc9c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-12-03", "event": "International Robot Exhibition (iREX) 2025, Tokyo", "url": "https://news.mynavi.jp/techplus/article/20251205-3764371/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research prototype" }, "components": { "actuators": "30 body axes (hands excluded); joint speed doubled versus Version 8 at the same torque; reinforced lower body.", "sensors": "Stereo camera in the head (neck tracks it) and LiDAR in the chest for 3D mapping.", "battery": "About 30 minutes on the robot alone; automatic charging via the wheeled Kaleido Station under consideration.", "software": "Teleoperation with Meta Quest 3 VR headset and hand controllers; autonomous movement from LiDAR data with reinforcement learning in simulation.", "other": "Moved a 30 kg steel rack one-handed; aimed at disaster, factory and home tasks; 190 cm, 99 kg.", "sources": [ "hs-fbac26cc9c", "hs-a244bb8575" ] }, "production": { "built": "Research prototype; Version 10 under development." }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-12-05", "title": "Kawasaki shows Kaleido 9 at iREX 2025", "summary": "Stronger legs, twice-as-fast joints, LiDAR and VR teleoperation; demos of rescue and chores.", "publisher": "Mynavi TECH+", "url": "https://news.mynavi.jp/techplus/article/20251205-3764371/" }, { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "Ninth-generation Kaleido demos home and disaster-rescue tasks at iREX 2025", "summary": "Kawasaki staged the ninth-generation Kaleido in factory, home and disaster-site sets at the 2025 International Robot Exhibition.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2512/23/news026.html" } ], "buyNone": "Research prototype; no sales path found.", "video": { "id": "iJffdB9EWPU", "title": "【iREX2025】川崎重工 ヒューマノイドロボット RHP Kaleido 9｜Highlight", "channel": "Kawasaki Robotics JP (@KawasakiRoboticsJP)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kawasaki-kaleido-9-2025.jpg", "author": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://kawasakirobotics.com/jp/blog/20260316_kaleido9/", "page": "https://kawasakirobotics.com/jp/blog/20260316_kaleido9/", "kind": "maker", "w": 591, "h": 666 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/kawasaki.png", "author": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kawasaki_Heavy_Industries_Logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kawasaki_Heavy_Industries_Logo.svg", "article": "File:Kawasaki Heavy Industries Logo.svg" } }, { "id": "realman-realbot-01-2025", "name": "RealBot (RealBot-01)", "maker": "RealMan Robotics (RealMan Intelligent Technology)", "makerId": "realman", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-12-03", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics", "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 168, "weightKg": 125, "dof": 21, "speedKmh": 5.4, "payloadKg": 5, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "RealMan and Japanese startup Forcesteed Robotics announced in December 2025 a robot motion-data collection business in Japan using about 50 units at customer sites.", "summary": "A wheeled humanoid from Beijing arm maker RealMan with a detachable upper body (head, torso and two RX75 arms), 21 active joints, five depth cameras, three fisheye cameras and LiDAR. It is 168 cm tall and about 125 kg, lifts 5 kg per arm, moves at up to 1.5 m/s, and its base and shoulders are under 46.5 cm wide for narrow corridors.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-6210e8495c", "hs-151437e141", "hs-3ecd1055d1", "hs-bf0568461a" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-12-03", "event": "Announced at iREX 2025, Tokyo", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/n52f66cac816d" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Listed on the maker's product pages; launch date not stated." }, "components": { "actuators": "21 active DoF: 14 in the two arms, 3 waist, 2 legs (lift) and 2 neck. Arms are RealMan's RX75 (5 kg payload each); RealMan builds its own thin reducers, motors and controllers.", "hands": "No fixed hand; supports grippers and dexterous hands from OYMotion, BrainCo and others, plus RealMan RX75/RM75/RM65 arms.", "sensors": "5 depth cameras, 3 fisheye cameras, 1 LiDAR, 2 IMUs, head microphone array, optional tactile sensors. Data-collection version ships with Orbbec 335LG; standard version uses Intel RealSense D405 (D435 optional).", "battery": "40 Ah battery.", "materials": "Modular: detachable humanoid upper body on a wheeled base; chassis and shoulder width under 465 mm.", "software": "Autonomous navigation, 3D reconstruction, gesture and object recognition, sound-source localisation; RealMan pairs teleoperation with data collection rather than its own foundation model.", "other": "Upper body can be moved to other chassis or combined with other RealMan dual-arm platforms.", "sources": [ "hs-6210e8495c", "hs-151437e141" ] }, "production": { "where": "Beijing, China", "customers": "Forcesteed Robotics (Japan) plans a data-collection centre using about 50 RealMan humanoids, targeting operation in early fiscal 2026" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-12-03", "title": "RealBot launched as Forcesteed plans Japan data centre", "summary": "RealMan unveiled RealBot at iREX 2025 and, with Forcesteed, outlined a Japanese data-collection centre using about 50 RealMan humanoids.", "publisher": "Kazumichi Moriyama (note)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/n52f66cac816d" } ], "video": { "id": "lDQr8GTxFJE", "title": "RealBOT performs autonomous material handling and production line collaboration in a factory", "channel": "RealMan Robotics (@RealManRobotics)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/realman-realbot-01-2025.jpg", "author": "RealMan Robotics (RealMan Intelligent Technology)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.realman-robotics.com/en/products/realbot-humanoid.html", "page": "https://www.realman-robotics.com/en/products/realbot-humanoid.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 625 } }, { "id": "midea-miro-u-2025", "name": "MIRO U", "maker": "Midea Group", "makerId": "midea", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-12-05", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Presented by Midea as a six-armed 'super humanoid', an unusual break from the two-armed design.", "deployments": "Midea planned a pilot at its Wuxi washing-machine factory from late December 2025.", "summary": "Midea's third-generation humanoid keeps a human-like head and torso but has six limbs on a wheeled base that lifts and turns on the spot, so it can do several assembly jobs at once. Lower limbs move heavy parts while upper limbs do fine fastening.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-e7319369f0" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-12-05", "event": "Greater Bay Area New Economy Forum", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/worlds-first-six-armed-humanoid-robot" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "factory pilot only" }, "components": { "actuators": "Six fully actuated bionic limbs on a wheeled chassis with vertical lift and 360-degree in-place rotation; lower limbs move heavy parts while upper limbs fasten and assemble.", "hands": "Rapid tool swapping on the limbs; hand details not published.", "other": "Can run three tasks at once; Midea's CTO Wei Chang calls it a 'super humanoid'. Third generation of Midea humanoids; Midea now splits robots into MIRO (industrial) and Meila (service) series.", "sources": [ "hs-e7319369f0" ] }, "production": { "built": "Pilot unit(s)", "sold": "Internal use", "where": "China (Midea Group)", "customers": "Midea Wuxi high-end washing machine factory (pilot planned from December 2025; Midea expects about 30% faster line changeovers)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2025-12-11", "title": "Six-armed MIRO U unveiled for Midea factories", "summary": "Midea showed MIRO U on 5 December and said it would enter its Wuxi washing-machine plant that month.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/worlds-first-six-armed-humanoid-robot" } ] }, { "id": "agibot-q1-2025", "name": "AGIBOT Q1", "maker": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)", "makerId": "agibot", "country": "China", "year": 2025, "date": "2025-12-31", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "education", "research", "home" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 80, "weightKg": 15, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 2800, "priceNote": "19,999 yuan as Qiyuan Q1 (about US$2,800); Explorer edition 26,999 yuan", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "AgiBot markets it as its first 'personal' humanoid, small enough to carry in a backpack.", "deployments": "First shipments expected September 2026 (QbitAI, August 2026).", "summary": "A backpack-sized, 80 cm walking humanoid that AgiBot co-founder Peng Zhihui revealed on Bilibili at the end of 2025. It keeps full-body force control by shrinking the company's quasi-direct-drive joints, and it comes with open SDK and hardware kits, a 3D-printable shell, zero-code motion programming, voice chat and simple tutoring and dance-coaching functions.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-e9bffbe7ad", "hs-ecbdb23f84", "hs-9d6da9773c", "hs-53be985a45", "hs-4b84f4de7b", "hs-32e622df99" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2025-12-31", "event": "Bilibili video by Peng Zhihui", "url": "https://www.cls.cn/detail/2245532" }, "released": { "date": "2026-09-20", "note": "Sold as Swancor's Qiyuan Q1, shipping from 1 Oct 2026" }, "components": { "actuators": "Miniaturised quasi-direct-drive (QDD) joints said to be smaller than an egg, keeping full-body force control and fast response.", "materials": "About 0.8 m tall (about 0.5 m folded) and roughly one-eighth the volume and weight of a full-size humanoid; fits a 30-35 L backpack. Exterior parts are open-source and 3D-printable, with swappable heads.", "software": "Open SDK/HDK, zero-code motion and behaviour programming; built-in 'Lingxin' AI platform for conversation, Q&A, English practice and dance coaching.", "other": "Revealed by AgiBot co-founder Peng Zhihui on Bilibili on 31 Dec 2025. The same robot was announced the same day as the Qiyuan Q1 of Swancor Advanced Materials (PrimeBOT), the AgiBot-controlled listed company Peng chairs; sales are through Swancor's Qiyuan brand (see swancor-primebot-qiyuan-q1-2025).", "sources": [ "hs-e9bffbe7ad", "hs-ecbdb23f84", "hs-53be985a45" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sold as Qiyuan Q1 from 20 Sep 2026 (see Swancor entry)", "where": "China", "customers": "Researchers, makers and families" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-01-05", "title": "AgiBot's backpack-sized Quester 1", "summary": "Mugglehead reports AgiBot's 0.8 m Q1, with price and release date not yet given at reveal.", "publisher": "Mugglehead", "url": "https://mugglehead.com/agibot-launches-miniature-humanoid-robot-you-can-carry-in-a-backpack/" }, { "date": "2026-01-01", "title": "Mini humanoid fits in a backpack", "summary": "Interesting Engineering describes Q1's shrunken QDD joints, open SDK and 3D-printable shell.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/china-agibot-q1-humanoid-robot" }, { "date": "2025-12-31", "title": "Peng Zhihui reveals personal robot Q1", "summary": "Cailian Press reports the 0.8 m Q1 folds into a backpack and targets research and interaction.", "publisher": "Cailian Press (cls.cn)", "url": "https://www.cls.cn/detail/2245532" } ], "video": { "id": "cC1e4GTv9TQ", "title": "Your first personal robot is HERE!", "channel": "PrimeBOT (official)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/agibot-q1-2025.jpg", "author": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.primebot.com/q1.html", "page": "https://www.primebot.com/q1.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 942, "h": 748 } }, { "id": "rokae-human-x-2026", "name": "Human.X", "maker": "ROKAE Robotics", "makerId": "rokae", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": 75, "dof": 30, "speedKmh": 1.8, "payloadKg": 3, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "ROKAE's full-size biped for factory work, 1.7 m and about 75 kg, with 7-axis arms, 6-axis legs, a 2-axis waist and neck and 6-DoF five-finger hands (30 DoF not counting hands). The maker lists a walking speed of at least 0.5 m/s, a knee torque of at least 320 Nm and the ability to climb standard stairs.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-d32fb8b972", "hs-6f18f6a767" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026", "event": "no reveal date found; earliest dated sources are ROKAE product downloads (2026-01) and a July 2026 launch report", "url": "https://www.rokae.com/en/product/show/597/Humanoid-Robot-Human.X.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "product page with sales contact; speed is the maker's minimum figure; payload is per arm" }, "components": { "actuators": "Fully force-controlled joints with dual encoders and hybrid torque/velocity/position control; knee torque at least 320 Nm. DoF: 7 per arm, 6 per leg, 2 waist, 2 neck.", "hands": "Five-fingered hands with 6 DoF and 12 joints each, 540 g; grip force 15 N at the thumb and 10 N at the other fingers, 0.5 N resolution. Arm payload 3 kg excluding end-effector.", "materials": "1.7 m, about 75 kg.", "software": "VLA-model core with imitation and reinforcement learning for task decomposition and decision-making; multi-robot collaboration.", "other": "Walks at 0.5 m/s or more, climbs standard building stairs and slopes of 15 degrees or more, handles outdoor concrete.", "sources": [ "hs-d32fb8b972" ] }, "production": { "where": "Beijing, China", "customers": "ROKAE targets auto parts, electronics, commercial services and general industry; no named Human.X customers" }, "video": { "id": "XLqVmoWwHV4", "title": "ROKAE Humanoid #Robot - Human.X steps into the factory. Will it be the future of smart factories?", "channel": "ROKAE Robotics (@ROKAERobotics)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/rokae-human-x-2026.jpg", "author": "ROKAE Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.rokae.com/en/product/show/597/Humanoid-Robot-Human.X.html", "page": "https://www.rokae.com/en/product/show/597/Humanoid-Robot-Human.X.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 392, "h": 800 } }, { "id": "kepler-k3w-2026", "name": "K3W 'Big Hornet'", "maker": "Kepler Exploration Robotics", "makerId": "kepler-exploration", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics", "research", "education" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": 120, "dof": 43, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 30, "batteryHours": 8, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled version of Kepler's humanoid: the yellow K-series head and torso and two arms sit on a lifting column over a four-wheel omnidirectional base", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-b94c30510d" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026", "event": "Exhibited at the 2026 World Robot Conference expo in Beijing; year taken from the WRC exhibitor listing, no exact reveal date found", "url": "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/product/1399.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "no sale price or delivery date published" }, "components": { "actuators": "43 DoF in total; in-house lifting column over a four-wheel-drive omnidirectional base.", "hands": "Two arms with a combined 30 kg payload; Kepler claims millimetre-level manipulation accuracy using multimodal perception.", "battery": "About 8 hours of work after a 1-hour charge.", "materials": "About 120 kg.", "other": "Kepler says it handles slopes and obstacles well; aimed at industrial production, warehouse transfer, inspection and research/education.", "sources": [ "hs-b94c30510d" ] }, "production": { "where": "Shanghai, China (Shanghai Kepler Robot Co.)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/kepler-k3w-2026.jpg", "author": "Kepler Exploration Robotics (Shanghai Kepler Robot Co.)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/product/1399.html", "page": "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/product/1399.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 902, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "neura-4ne1-mini-2026", "name": "4NE1 Mini", "maker": "NEURA Robotics", "makerId": "neura", "country": "Germany", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-01", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "home", "education", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 23400, "priceNote": "Estimated EUR 19,999 (Standard, no hands) or EUR 29,999 (Pro, 12-DoF hands), excluding tax and shipping (NEURA reservation page, Jan 2026); USD figure is the Standard price converted at about 1.17 USD/EUR.", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Smaller, more affordable 4NE1 shown at CES 2026, styled with Studio F. A. Porsche, with the same AI and perception as the full-size robot.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-276e32ee42" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-01", "event": "CES 2026; reservation page published 2026-01-20", "url": "https://neura-robotics.com/product/4ne1-mini-reservation/" }, "released": { "date": "2026-01", "note": "reservations with refundable EUR 100 fee; both versions expected in 2026" }, "components": { "actuators": "Not published.", "hands": "Standard version has no manipulation; Pro version has 12-DoF dexterous hands.", "sensors": "NEURA says it keeps the full-size 4NE1's perception suite; specifics not published.", "compute": "Not published.", "battery": "Not published.", "software": "Full Neuraverse connection, Python SDK, ROS 2 interface and NEURA Sync; Pro adds C++ SDK, digital twin, teleoperation and Neura Gym training.", "other": "Wi-Fi 6 and Ethernet; walks on uneven ground, stair navigation in development; aimed at education and research.", "sources": [ "hs-d624ce484a", "hs-276e32ee42", "hs-900670d22e" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Reservations with a refundable EUR 100 fee; both versions expected in 2026 (NEURA).", "where": "Europe (reservations via NEURA)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-30", "title": "NEURA brings physical AI to healthcare", "summary": "NEURA announced a healthcare push.", "publisher": "NEURA Robotics", "url": "https://neura-robotics.com/news" }, { "date": "2026-08-13", "title": "NEURA buys ACTIVE Shuttle from Bosch Rexroth", "summary": "NEURA acquired the mobile-robot platform and folded it into its ecosystem.", "publisher": "NEURA Robotics", "url": "https://neura-robotics.com/news" }, { "date": "2026-01-20", "title": "4NE1 Mini reservations open", "summary": "NEURA listed estimated prices of EUR 19,999 (Standard) and EUR 29,999 (Pro).", "publisher": "NEURA Robotics", "url": "https://neura-robotics.com/product/4ne1-mini-reservation/" }, { "date": "2026-01-05", "title": "NEURA Robotics Unveils Next-Generation Robots and Announces CES 2026 Program", "summary": "NEURA announced 4NE1 Mini and the NEURA Quadruped Robot for introduction at CES 2026.", "publisher": "NEURA Robotics", "url": "https://neura-robotics.com/neura-robotics-at-ces-2026/" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://neura-robotics.com/product/4ne1-mini-reservation/", "type": "preorder", "label": "Reserve 4NE1 Mini (refundable reservation)", "price": "EUR 100 refundable reservation; estimated EUR 19,999 (Standard) / EUR 29,999 (Pro), excl. taxes and shipping", "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "DJk1v21ugcU", "title": "4NE1 Mini | Stress-Testing Cognitive AI in Las Vegas 🕺🤖", "channel": "NEURA Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/neura-4ne1-mini-2026.jpg", "author": "NEURA Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://neura-robotics.com/product/4ne1-mini-reservation/", "page": "https://neura-robotics.com/product/4ne1-mini-reservation/", "kind": "maker", "w": 954, "h": 1000 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/neura.png", "author": "Neura Robotics GmbH", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neura_robotics_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neura_robotics_logo.svg", "article": "File:Neura robotics logo.svg" } }, { "id": "infiforce-astrodroid-ad-01-2026", "name": "AstroDroid AD-01", "maker": "INFIFORCE (formerly ELU.AI)", "makerId": "infiforce", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-01", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics", "retail" ], "locomotion": "unknown", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": null, "dof": 43, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "The flagship of Hangzhou-based INFIFORCE's AstroDroid series: a 1.7 m, 43-DoF humanoid driven by the company's Hyper-VLA model on an NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin, aimed at factories, warehouses and retail. Primary sources do not say how it moves; secondary listings describe a wheeled base, so locomotion is left null.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-22bd3cd164", "hs-67040a4308" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-01", "event": "CES 2026, Las Vegas (secondary sources say it was first unveiled in 2025)", "url": "https://technode.global/prnasia/infiforces-isabella-bai-at-ces-2026-china-is-moving-from-manufacturing-to-defining-next-gen-embodied-intelligence/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "maker site mentions AD-01 working in a quick-commerce warehouse; no price" }, "components": { "hands": "Described only as dexterous, human-comparable upper limbs.", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin.", "materials": "170 cm; 43 DoF.", "software": "INFIFORCE's Hyper-VLA vision-language-action model and 'Causal World Model', one shared brain across robot bodies; the company's site shows world-model-driven long-horizon tasks such as desk sweeping with no teleoperation.", "other": "INFIFORCE's site shows an AD-01 running in a 'lightning warehouse' (quick-commerce) setting.", "sources": [ "hs-22bd3cd164", "hs-67040a4308" ] }, "production": { "where": "Hangzhou, China", "customers": "None named for AD-01; INFIFORCE reports about 500 million yuan in orders across automotive and healthcare, and names Sinopec, Wanda and Intime as users of its FORCE mobile charging robot" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-01-09", "title": "INFIFORCE shows AstroDroid AD-01 at CES", "summary": "Release gives AD-01 as a 170 cm, 43-DoF humanoid on Jetson AGX Orin running the Hyper-VLA model.", "publisher": "TNGlobal (PR Newswire)", "url": "https://technode.global/prnasia/infiforces-isabella-bai-at-ces-2026-china-is-moving-from-manufacturing-to-defining-next-gen-embodied-intelligence/" } ], "video": { "id": "hZX8f3GLf8U", "title": "The Next Evolution: INFIFORCE AstroDroid (AD-01) Official Launch", "channel": "INFIFORCE" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/infiforce-astrodroid-ad-01-2026.jpg", "author": "INFIFORCE (formerly ELU.AI)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://elu-static.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/infiforce-website/_nuxt/core_s1_banner_bg.CGIyGPrL.png", "page": "https://elu-static.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/infiforce-website/_nuxt/core_s1_banner_bg.CGIyGPrL.png", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "droidup-moya-2026", "name": "Moya", "maker": "DroidUp (Shanghai Zhuoyide)", "makerId": "droidup", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-01", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "social", "healthcare", "education", "care" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 165, "weightKg": 32, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 173000, "priceNote": "About 1.2 million yuan (roughly US$173,000) reported starting price; market entry planned late 2026", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A lifelike female-styled humanoid with a customisable face that mimics micro-expressions and skin kept warm at 32-36 °C, aimed at healthcare, education and eldercare settings. DroidUp claims 92% human-like walking posture.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-4ded259105", "hs-993141488b" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-01", "event": "Opening of DroidUp's headquarters at Zhangjiang Robotics Valley, Shanghai (late January 2026)", "url": "https://newatlas.com/ai-humanoids/moya-droidup-lifelike-robot/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "sales expected late 2026" }, "components": { "actuators": "Tendon-assisted actuation to cut limb inertia, per Mike Kalil; walking and turning driven by DroidUp's 'cerebellar' motion-control model.", "sensors": "Camera behind the eyes for eye contact and real-time reaction to people.", "materials": "165 cm, about 32 kg. Soft silicone-type skin over padding that mimics fat and muscle, with a rib cage; skin held at 32-36 C. Modular bionic platform can be configured with different gender traits and faces.", "software": "AI-driven micro-expressions (smiling, nodding, gaze); DroidUp claims a walking posture 92% similar to a human's.", "sources": [ "hs-4ded259105", "hs-993141488b", "hs-fc848b2ddd" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Commercial launch planned for late 2026", "where": "Shanghai, China", "customers": "Since 17 Sep 2026 working as a greeter at the GUJIN lingerie flagship store on Huaihai Road, Shanghai; target markets healthcare, education and eldercare" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-17", "title": "Moya starts work as a store greeter", "summary": "DroidUp says Moya took a reception job at GUJIN's Shanghai flagship store during the Shanghai light festival.", "publisher": "DroidUp", "url": "https://www.droidup.com/" }, { "date": "2026-02-28", "title": "Moya among China's hyper-realistic androids", "summary": "Mike Kalil reports 165 cm, 32 kg, heated skin and a starting price of around $175,000.", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/new-breed-hyper-realistic-humanoid-robots/" }, { "date": "2026-02-05", "title": "Warm-skinned Moya to launch this year", "summary": "New Atlas reports a starting price around 1.2 million yuan and a late-2026 market entry.", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/ai-humanoids/moya-droidup-lifelike-robot/" }, { "date": "2026-02-03", "title": "DroidUp debuts biomimetic Moya", "summary": "Interesting Engineering covers Moya's micro-expressions and 92% human-like gait claim.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/shanghai-unveils-moya-humanoid-robot" } ], "video": { "id": "AuTbHjCepxs", "title": "Moya, customizable humanoid robot, makes debut in Shanghai, powered by DroidUp's latest tech", "channel": "ShanghaiEye魔都眼" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/droidup-moya-2026.jpg", "author": "DroidUp (Shanghai Zhuoyide Robot Co.)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.droidup.com/product/1", "page": "https://www.droidup.com/product/1", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 667 } }, { "id": "sharpa-north-2026", "name": "North", "maker": "Sharpa", "makerId": "sharpa", "country": "Singapore", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-01", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "retail", "industrial", "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": 90, "dof": 67, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Built a paper windmill autonomously in more than 30 steps at CES 2026; hands carry over 1,000 tactile sensors per fingertip.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled humanoid from a Singapore firm started by Hesai's founders, shown playing ping-pong and dealing cards using its 22-DOF SharpaWave hands.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-bed64bfaae", "hs-f6441de9b0", "hs-bbc8247777" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-01", "event": "CES 2026, Las Vegas", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/sharpa-north-ces-2026/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "production version targeted mid-2026; not confirmed" }, "components": { "hands": "SharpaWave hands: 22 active DoF, over 1,000 tactile sensors per fingertip, sub-millimetre detail, 180 Hz data, up to 30 N fingertip force; in mass production since late 2025 at about $50,000 per hand.", "software": "Self-developed vision-tactile-language-action (VLTA) model; CraftNet for contact-rich step-by-step manipulation; 0.02 s response time (METI).", "other": "Wheeled humanoid; Sharpa hands are used in NVIDIA's Isaac GR00T reference humanoid (reported).", "sources": [ "hs-bed64bfaae", "hs-458ed1e504", "hs-0148010e10", "hs-182802838d" ] }, "production": { "where": "Singapore and China (Shanghai Dairy Queen store, 2026).", "customers": "MOUs with JTC, A*STAR (port container handling) and Grab (April 2026); robot-run Dairy Queen in Shanghai (Aug 2026, company claim)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-08-29", "title": "Sharpa raises about $669M and opens robot-run Dairy Queen", "summary": "Round valued Sharpa at 22 billion yuan; humanoids make Blizzards in a 55-step process (company claims).", "publisher": "AI Understanding", "url": "https://aiunderstanding.org/news/dealstreetasia-reports-sharpa-raises-about-669-million-and-opens-autonomous-robot-2026-08-31" }, { "date": "2026-04-28", "title": "Singapore minister speaks at Sharpa Physical AI Summit", "summary": "Sharpa signed MOUs with JTC, A*STAR and Grab and plans about 150 staff in Singapore.", "publisher": "Singapore Ministry of Trade and Industry", "url": "https://www.meti.gov.sg/newsroom/speech-by-minister-of-state-alvin-tan-at-sharpa-physical-ai-summit/" }, { "date": "2026-01-08", "title": "Sharpa North debuts at CES 2026", "summary": "Wheeled humanoid played ping pong and assembled paper windmills.", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/sharpa-north-ces-2026/" } ], "buyNone": "Not offered for order; North page describes a store deployment only, with general 'Talk to Our Team' contact.", "video": { "id": "_kYtNzqOe4k", "title": "Sharpa × DQ | Introducing Our Fully Autonomous, Robot-Run Restaurant", "channel": "Sharpa" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/sharpa-north-2026.jpg", "author": "Sharpa", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0753/2347/4020/files/Group_143726060.png?v=1767544321", "page": "https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0753/2347/4020/files/Group_143726060.png?v=1767544321", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "siasun-songxing-2026", "name": "Songxing (松行)", "maker": "Siasun (新松)", "makerId": "siasun", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-01", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "retail", "education", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 176, "weightKg": null, "dof": 42, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Siasun's full-size biped humanoid, 176 cm tall with 42 degrees of freedom, a 100 TOPS controller, lidar SLAM, machine vision and a voice large model. Siasun said in January 2026 it had been released and exhibited it on its World Robot Conference stand in August 2026, for factory work, reception, teaching and public services.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-18c3f7f48f", "hs-d56081efa9" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-01", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/siasun-songxing-2026.jpg", "author": "Siasun", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.siasun.com/news-detail1012.html", "page": "https://www.siasun.com/news-detail1012.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 750, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "unix-ai-wanda-2-2026", "name": "Wanda 2.0", "maker": "UniX AI", "makerId": "unix-ai", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-01", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "home", "retail", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 23, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "UniX AI says Wanda 2.0 is already in use in security, hospitality and retail food service, with a delivery capacity of 100 units a month (January 2026).", "summary": "UniX AI's second-generation full-size wheeled humanoid with two 8-DoF arms and adaptive grippers. At CES 2026 it mixed drinks and demonstrated household and hotel chores.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-81125f5854", "hs-398221e0fe", "hs-c221539ae5" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-01", "event": "CES 2026, Las Vegas (earliest showing confirmed; units were already being delivered in 2025)", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/unix-ai-wanda-humanoid-robots-real-world-deployment" }, "released": { "date": "2025", "note": "UniX AI says it entered mass production in 2025; exact Wanda 2.0 debut date not found" }, "components": { "actuators": "23 high-DoF joints; UniX says its 8-DoF bionic arm is the first mass-produced arm of its kind.", "hands": "Adaptive intelligent grippers.", "software": "UniFlex imitation-learning framework, UniTouch visuo-tactile model and UniCortex long-horizon task planner, built on multimodal semantic keypoints.", "other": "Wheeled dual-arm design; demos include mixing drinks, dishwashing, folding clothes, bed-making and amenity restocking.", "sources": [ "hs-81125f5854", "hs-c221539ae5" ] }, "production": { "built": "UniX reports stable delivery capacity of 100 units a month (company-wide, from 2025)", "sold": "Delivered to customers since 2025 mass production", "where": "Suzhou, China", "customers": "Deployments in security, hospitality, property management, retail food service and research/education; no named customers" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-04-08", "title": "Panther succeeds Wanda 2.0", "summary": "UniX AI says Wanda already works in security, hospitality and retail and monthly deliveries exceed 100 units.", "publisher": "TNGlobal (PR Newswire)", "url": "https://technode.global/prnasia/unix-ai-introduces-panther-the-worlds-first-service-humanoid-robot-to-enter-real-household-deployment-powered-by-its-differentiated-wheeled-dual-arm-architecture/" }, { "date": "2026-01-02", "title": "Wanda 2.0 and 3.0 head to CES", "summary": "UniX AI brings the delivered Wanda 2.0 to CES with bartending, household and hotel demos.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/unix-ai-wanda-humanoid-robots-real-world-deployment" } ], "video": { "id": "TgWpFgj7F-I", "title": "Wanda 2.0, UniX Al's second-generation full-size humanoid robot", "channel": "UniX AI" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/unix-ai-wanda-2-2026.jpg", "author": "UniX AI", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.unix-group.ai/wanda/1812.html", "page": "https://www.unix-group.ai/wanda/1812.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "lg-cloid-2026", "name": "CLOiD", "maker": "LG Electronics", "makerId": "lg-electronics", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-01-04", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "home" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Price and release date not announced.", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "LG's first home humanoid, pitched for a 'zero labour home'.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled home humanoid with two 7-DOF arms and five-finger hands that works with LG appliances on chores like laundry. Shown on stage at CES 2026.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-94a2d914ef", "hs-0dd5852827", "hs-65262059b9", "hs-09a6e94d7b" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-01-04", "event": "LG CES 2026 announcement; demonstrated at CES, 6-9 January", "url": "https://www.lg.com/global/newsroom/news/home-appliance-solution/lg-electronics-presents-lg-cloid-home-robot-to-demonstrate-zero-labor-home-at-ces-2026/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not yet for sale" }, "components": { "actuators": "LG Actuator AXIUM joints combining motor, drive and reducer; 7-DoF arms.", "hands": "Five independently actuated fingers per hand.", "sensors": "Cameras and other sensors in the head, plus display and speaker.", "compute": "Chipset in the head acts as the robot's 'brain' (not named).", "software": "Vision-language model and vision-language-action model trained on tens of thousands of hours of household data; voice generative AI; ThinQ and ThinQ ON integration.", "other": "Wheeled base with autonomous navigation; tilting torso reaches from knee level up; low centre of gravity.", "sources": [ "hs-09a6e94d7b", "hs-94a2d914ef", "hs-65262059b9" ] }, "production": { "where": "Demonstrated at CES 2026; no market launch announced." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-01-04", "title": "LG presents CLOiD home robot for 'Zero Labor Home'", "summary": "Wheeled robot with two 7-DoF arms that fetches food, starts laundry and folds clothes.", "publisher": "LG Electronics", "url": "https://www.lg.com/global/newsroom/news/home-appliance-solution/lg-electronics-presents-lg-cloid-home-robot-to-demonstrate-zero-labor-home-at-ces-2026/" }, { "date": "2025-12-26", "title": "LG teases CLOiD ahead of CES", "summary": "Two arms with five individually actuated fingers each.", "publisher": "Engadget", "url": "https://www.engadget.com/home/smart-home/lg-will-show-off-a-humanoid-robot-for-household-chores-at-ces-2026-145411218.html" } ], "buyNone": "Not yet for sale; price and release date not announced.", "video": { "id": "-ApNStv8Zqo", "title": "LG at IFA 2026: Highlights - LG Affectionate Intelligence: Orchestration by LG CLOiD", "channel": "LG Global (@LGGlobal)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/lg-cloid-2026.jpg", "author": "LG Electronics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.lg.com/global/newsroom/news/home-appliance-solution/lg-electronics-presents-lg-cloid-home-robot-to-demonstrate-zero-labor-home-at-ces-2026/", "page": "https://www.lg.com/global/newsroom/news/home-appliance-solution/lg-electronics-presents-lg-cloid-home-robot-to-demonstrate-zero-labor-home-at-ces-2026/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 583 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/lg-electronics.png", "author": "LG Electronics", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LG_Electronics_Logo_(modern).svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LG_Electronics_Logo_(modern).svg", "article": "File:LG Electronics Logo (modern).svg" } }, { "id": "zeroth-jupiter-2026", "name": "Jupiter", "maker": "Zeroth", "makerId": "zeroth", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-01-04", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "retail", "home" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 165, "weightKg": 58, "dof": 25, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 2.3, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Zeroth's online shop lists a sale price of 130,878 (regular 131,999) in the shop's Canadian-dollar view; no USD price found.", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A full-size humanoid from Suzhou-based Zeroth, the company better known for its small M1 home robot. It can run on its own or be teleoperated and is pitched at training, simulation and front-desk service; the IFA listing gives 165 cm, 58 kg, 25 body joints and 10-point hands. Sources opened do not state its locomotion outright; recorded as legs from its full-size humanoid form.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-d1de1463d2", "hs-75b7d8008e", "hs-78ff021c8f" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-01-04", "event": "CES 2026 (shown as concept)", "url": "https://www.webull.com/news/14144520997651456" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "reservations on the maker's shop; listed as sold out when checked" }, "components": { "actuators": "25 body joints; Zeroth builds proprietary actuators as part of its shared 'Technology DNA' stack.", "hands": "Two hands with 10 points of articulation each (22 total listed), able to open doors and pick up everyday objects.", "battery": "About 2 h 20 min of active use.", "materials": "165 cm, 58 kg; stainless steel, aluminium alloy, ABS, rubber, silicone and glass.", "software": "Runs autonomously or by remote control; Zeroth's in-house motion control and interaction model.", "sources": [ "hs-78ff021c8f", "hs-75b7d8008e", "hs-d1de1463d2" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not yet on sale; Zeroth listed it as a concept at CES 2026 and expects its five-robot lineup in the US during 2026", "where": "China (Zeroth Robotics)", "customers": "Target uses: mall greeting, university research, home help, training and simulation" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-01-04", "title": "Zeroth exits stealth at CES with five robots", "summary": "Zeroth's US launch release lists Jupiter as a full-size humanoid combining autonomy and remote operation.", "publisher": "PR Newswire (Webull)", "url": "https://www.webull.com/news/14144520997651456" } ], "video": { "id": "G357X7t0NiI", "title": "Jupiter — Zeroth’s humanoid robot", "channel": "zeroth_official (@zeroth_official_2025)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/zeroth-jupiter-2026.jpg", "author": "Zeroth Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.zeroth0.com/products/jupiter", "page": "https://www.zeroth0.com/products/jupiter", "kind": "maker", "w": 563, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "boston-dynamics-atlas-product-2026", "name": "Atlas (product version)", "maker": "Boston Dynamics", "makerId": "boston-dynamics", "country": "United States", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-01-05", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 190, "weightKg": 90, "dof": 56, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 50, "batteryHours": 4, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "No public price.", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Boston Dynamics' first humanoid built as a product; named CNET's Best Robot of CES 2026.", "deployments": "All 2026 units committed to Hyundai's Robotics Metaplant Application Center and Google DeepMind; parts sequencing at Hyundai's Georgia Metaplant planned from 2028.", "summary": "Production Atlas shown at CES 2026: 1.9 m, 90 kg, 56 degrees of freedom, lifts 50 kg briefly (30 kg sustained), 4-hour battery it can swap itself. Manufacturing started at Boston Dynamics' Boston headquarters.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-a6396bc2a5", "hs-a3769e8538", "hs-6b26a0b73d" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-01-05", "event": "Hyundai media day keynote at CES 2026", "url": "https://bostondynamics.com/news/boston-dynamics-unveils-new-atlas-robot/" }, "released": { "date": "2026", "note": "fleets shipping to Hyundai RMAC and Google DeepMind in 2026; more customers from early 2027" }, "components": { "actuators": "Electric actuators supplied by Hyundai Mobis; 56 DoF with fully rotational (continuous) joints; design cuts unique part count for automotive supply chains.", "hands": "Tactile sensing in fingers and palm; one-handed lift 20 kg.", "sensors": "360-degree camera view, tactile fingers and palm, human detection; barcode scanner and RFID integrations.", "compute": "Not published.", "battery": "Swappable; about 4 h (2 h with heavy lifting); robot walks to a station and swaps its own battery in about 3 min; 1.5 h charge time; 110 V (220 V optional) charging.", "materials": "Modular, field-replaceable components with customer self-repair certification; made in the USA.", "software": "Orbit connects Atlas to MES/WMS systems; skills learned by one robot deploy fleet-wide; Google DeepMind foundation models (Gemini Robotics) being integrated; modes: autonomous, VR teleoperated, tablet control.", "other": "IP67; -20 to 40 C operation; 2.3 m reach; 50 kg instant / 30 kg sustained lift; fenceless guarding.", "sources": [ "hs-a6396bc2a5", "hs-15108ab9b1", "hs-d2bb39923c", "hs-6b26a0b73d", "hs-d4ca995067", "hs-a3769e8538" ] }, "production": { "built": "Production began at Boston Dynamics' Boston headquarters in January 2026; Hyundai plans a US robot factory able to make 30,000 robots a year (company statements).", "sold": "All 2026 deployments fully committed, with fleets shipping to Hyundai RMAC and Google DeepMind (company statement); unit count not published.", "where": "United States", "customers": "Hyundai Robotics Metaplant Application Center and Google DeepMind (2026); more customers from early 2027" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-10-09", "title": "Boston Dynamics explains Atlas's new four-finger hand", "summary": "Boston Dynamics' redesigned Atlas hand drops the little finger and uses 13 identical, directly driven actuators, and the company says it was designed for mass production and for training in simulation.", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/boston-dynamics-gives-more-insight-into-its-redesigned-humanoid-hand/" }, { "date": "2026-07-06", "title": "Atlas delivers World Cup match ball", "summary": "Reuters coverage listed by Boston Dynamics shows Atlas delivering the match ball at the World Cup.", "publisher": "Boston Dynamics", "url": "https://bostondynamics.com/news/" }, { "date": "2026-02-10", "title": "Boston Dynamics CEO Robert Playter steps down", "summary": "Robert Playter stepped down as CEO immediately and would leave the company on February 27, 2026; CFO Amanda McMaster became interim CEO.", "publisher": "Association for Advancing Automation", "url": "https://www.automate.org/robotics/industry-insights/boston-dynamics-ceo-robert-playter-steps-down" }, { "date": "2026-01-05", "title": "Product Atlas unveiled at CES", "summary": "Boston Dynamics showed the production Atlas at Hyundai's CES media day and announced a Google DeepMind partnership.", "publisher": "Boston Dynamics", "url": "https://bostondynamics.com/blog/boston-dynamics-unveils-new-atlas-robot-to-revolutionize-industry/" }, { "date": "2026-01-05", "title": "Hyundai plans 30,000-robot-a-year factory", "summary": "Hyundai's $26B US investment includes a robotics factory and plans to deploy tens of thousands of robots.", "publisher": "Boston Dynamics", "url": "https://bostondynamics.com/blog/boston-dynamics-unveils-new-atlas-robot-to-revolutionize-industry/" } ], "availability": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "how": "Orders go through the maker directly; no public order page. A conversation form for early adopters; the maker says it starts with a limited number of them.", "support": "No Atlas service plan published; the maker's general Support Center is linked from its site.", "note": "The Atlas page names no sales regions, price or warranty. Its four steps are Prepare, Evaluate, Train and Adopt.", "source": "https://bostondynamics.com/atlas/" }, "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "none-found", "note": "No SDK, API or developer pages for Atlas on the maker's site when checked. The developer site at dev.bostondynamics.com covers Spot and its payloads and does not mention Atlas.", "source": "https://dev.bostondynamics.com/" }, "buy": { "url": "https://bostondynamics.com/atlas-contact", "type": null, "label": "Start the conversation (early adopters)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "rrUHZKlrxms", "title": "Atlas | Product Features | Boston Dynamics", "channel": "Boston Dynamics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/boston-dynamics-atlas-product-2026.jpg", "author": "Boston Dynamics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://bostondynamics.com/products/atlas/", "page": "https://bostondynamics.com/products/atlas/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 485 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/boston-dynamics.png", "author": "Cleanoxygenforeveryone", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BostonDynamics_Logo.svg", "article": "File:BostonDynamics Logo.svg" } }, { "id": "switchbot-onero-h1-2026", "name": "onero H1", "maker": "SwitchBot", "makerId": "switchbot", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-01-05", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "home" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 22, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 9999, "priceNote": "US$9,999 listed on SwitchBot's store as coming soon; availability expected by end of 2026", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "SwitchBot's first household humanoid: a head, arms and hands on a rolling wheeled base, aimed at chores such as loading laundry. It runs its vision-language-action model on board.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-eee62d6e64", "hs-2d5bb49ebd", "hs-193e5e6989" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-01-05", "event": "CES 2026", "url": "https://www.heise.de/-11128479" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Store listing not yet available to buy; release expected by end of 2026" }, "components": { "actuators": "22 DoF across head, arms and hands on a wheeled cylindrical base.", "hands": "Grasps, pushes and opens objects; tactile feedback feeds its model.", "sensors": "Multiple Intel RealSense cameras in the head, arms, hands and abdomen; vision, depth and touch input.", "software": "SwitchBot's own OmniSense VLA model running on board; works with other SwitchBot smart-home devices (e.g. its robot vacuum handles floors while H1 handles surfaces).", "sources": [ "hs-eee62d6e64", "hs-2d5bb49ebd", "hs-193e5e6989" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Listed at US$9,999 on SwitchBot's store as 'coming soon'; availability expected by end of 2026", "where": "China (SwitchBot)", "customers": "Consumers (household chores such as laundry)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-01-05", "title": "SwitchBot shows onero H1 in Smart Home 2.0", "summary": "heise reports 22 DoF, local perception model and a price under $10,000 with availability by end of 2026.", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://www.heise.de/-11128479" }, { "date": "2026-01-05", "title": "SwitchBot launches its first humanoid", "summary": "Interesting Engineering covers the wheeled onero H1 with RealSense cameras and OmniSense VLA.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/switchbot-robot-butler-unveiledces2026" } ], "video": { "id": "xqLRDWNzzZ8", "title": "onero H1 - Making embodied AI humanoid robots truly part of the home.", "channel": "SwitchBot" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/switchbot-onero-h1-2026.jpg", "author": "SwitchBot", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.switch-bot.com/products/onero-h1", "page": "https://www.switch-bot.com/products/onero-h1", "kind": "maker", "w": 871, "h": 870 } }, { "id": "generative-bionics-gene01-2026", "name": "GENE.01", "maker": "Generative Bionics", "makerId": "generative-bionics", "country": "Italy", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-01-06", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Humanoid covered in tactile 'skin' that senses touch, temperature, proximity and force, based on IIT research.", "deployments": "Being adapted for shipyard work with Fincantieri.", "summary": "Spin-off of the Italian Institute of Technology (iCub, ergoCub); concept shown in AMD's CES 2026 keynote, working platform unveiled July 2026 with an open-source robot model.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-228d0a9bdd", "hs-93dccdb8df" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-01-06", "event": "AMD CES 2026 keynote (concept); functional platform unveiled 2026-07-20", "url": "https://humanoidroboticstechnology.com/industry-news/generative-bionics-unveils-gene-01-at-ces-2026/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not for sale; launch planned Q4 2026" }, "components": { "actuators": "European actuation chain developed with Synapticon, tailored to GENE.01's mechanical, thermal and control needs, with final assembly and safety testing in Europe.", "hands": "Swappable end effectors (hands, grippers, feet).", "sensors": "Full-body tactile skin sensing touch, temperature, proximity and force.", "compute": "AMD CPUs, GPUs and FPGA-based embedded vision and sensor platforms (CES 2026 concept description).", "battery": "Not published.", "software": "Proprietary 'physics-native' Physical AI based on IIT research (Nature Machine Intelligence, July 2026); open-source digital twin on PyPI, conda-forge and ROS build farm.", "other": "Italian-designed base platform for specialised robots; first application a welding humanoid for Fincantieri.", "sources": [ "hs-228d0a9bdd", "hs-93dccdb8df", "hs-caa0774f62" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not for sale; launch planned Q4 2026.", "where": "Italy", "customers": "Fincantieri (welding use case)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-07-27", "title": "GENE.01 six-month update", "summary": "New Atlas covered the smart-skin robot built from concept in six months.", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/ai-humanoids/gene-01-smart-skin-robot/" }, { "date": "2026-07-20", "title": "Functional GENE.01 platform unveiled", "summary": "Generative Bionics showed the working robot with Synapticon actuation and a Fincantieri use case.", "publisher": "Macau Business", "url": "https://macaubusiness.com/generative-bionics-introduces-gene-01-a-fully-functional-smart-skin-humanoid-robot-platform-designed-for-safe-human-collaboration/" }, { "date": "2026-01-06", "title": "GENE.01 concept in AMD CES keynote", "summary": "Lisa Su hosted CEO Daniele Pucci to introduce the concept.", "publisher": "Humanoid Robotics Technology", "url": "https://humanoidroboticstechnology.com/industry-news/generative-bionics-unveils-gene-01-at-ces-2026/" } ], "buyNone": "Not for sale (platform announced; no order path found).", "video": { "id": "mGF142yepjc", "title": "[Six-Month Update]: GENE.01 Comes to Life", "channel": "Generative Bionics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/generative-bionics-gene01-2026.jpg", "author": "Generative Bionics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://gbionics.ai/press/", "page": "https://gbionics.ai/press/", "kind": "maker", "w": 712, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "magiclab-magicbot-gen1-2026", "name": "MagicBot Gen1", "maker": "MagicLab", "makerId": "magiclab", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-01-06", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial", "retail", "research", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 174, "weightKg": 70, "dof": 42, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 15, "batteryHours": 5, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "MagicLab's full-size biped, 174 cm and about 70 kg, with 42 active joints plus optional 11-DoF hands and a 3-5 hour battery. The company pitches it for coordinated multi-robot factory work, guided tours and research.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-8a57bf67ba", "hs-0dd17d87fd", "hs-202ceb224b" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-01-06", "event": "CES 2026, Las Vegas (earliest showing found; it may have been shown in China earlier)", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/ces-2026-magiclab-unveils-multiple-robots-2008877071130783744" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "sold through sales enquiry; maker sites differ on speed (at least 4 km/h vs at least 2 m/s)" }, "components": { "actuators": "42 active DoF from in-house joint modules with harmonic and planetary reducers; peak joint torque at least 350 Nm. Arms 7 DoF, legs 6 DoF, waist 2, neck 2.", "hands": "Optional in-house 11-DoF tactile dexterous hand (6 active, 5 passive); up to 7.5 kg per arm, 15 kg with both arms, 40 kg static whole-body load.", "sensors": "3D LiDAR, two depth cameras and three fisheye cameras (head and waist); omnidirectional microphone array.", "compute": "8-core CPU plus a 100 TOPS AI processor (chip vendor not named).", "battery": "25 Ah (1.35 kWh), 3-5 hours, 3-hour charge.", "materials": "174 x 58 x 28 cm, about 70 kg; aluminium alloy frame with PC+ABS covers.", "software": "SDK with low-level joint and high-level motion interfaces, OTA updates, autonomous navigation, face recognition and voice chat; 6D visual servoing and whole-body imitation learning; multi-robot collaboration.", "other": "Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5.2, optional 4G/5G; walks at 2 m/s or more with a straight-knee gait.", "sources": [ "hs-8a57bf67ba", "hs-0dd17d87fd", "hs-202ceb224b" ] }, "production": { "built": "MagicLab says its lineup is in mass production with deliveries under way", "sold": "Company-wide (all products): 500 million yuan in letters of intent and 130 million yuan firm orders in six months from May 2025", "where": "China (MagicLab lists a Wuxi, Jiangsu address)", "customers": "100+ partner organisations in pilots; target factory, guided-tour and research use" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-01-07", "title": "MagicLab brings Gen1, Z1 and MagicDog to CES", "summary": "Gasgoo reports MagicLab's CES lineup and 130 million yuan in firm orders since sales began.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/ces-2026-magiclab-unveils-multiple-robots-2008877071130783744" } ], "video": { "id": "ZEjrXkSI60M", "title": "MagicBot at Work: Multi-Robot Collaboration in Action", "channel": "MagicLab" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/magiclab-magicbot-gen1-2026.jpg", "author": "MagicLab", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.magiclabglobal.com/products/magicbot-gen1/", "page": "https://www.magiclabglobal.com/products/magicbot-gen1/", "kind": "maker", "w": 697, "h": 840 } }, { "id": "neuromeka-eir-2026", "name": "EIR", "maker": "Neuromeka", "makerId": "neuromeka", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-01-09", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "static", "heightCm": 177, "weightKg": null, "dof": 18, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 5, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Demonstrated zero-shot pick-and-place at CES 2026 and shown at SIMTOS 2026, with entry into an automotive parts line planned for June 2026.", "summary": "An upper-body industrial humanoid with a head, 2-DoF torso and two 7-DoF arms on a mains-powered cart with passive wheels, meant for fixed stations on production lines. It picks objects from text commands using Neuromeka's own vision model.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-c7d92a7fa4", "hs-d837598917", "hs-988fe12168" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-01-09", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/neuromeka-eir-2026.jpg", "author": "Neuromeka", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.neuromeka.com/humanoids", "page": "https://www.neuromeka.com/humanoids", "kind": "maker", "w": 525, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "matrix-robotics-matrix-3-2026", "name": "MATRIX-3", "maker": "Matrix Robotics", "makerId": "matrix", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-01-10", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": 65, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 30, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 99000, "priceNote": "MATRIX-3 PRO from US$99,000; RaaS rental also offered", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Matrix Robotics' third-generation full-size humanoid, fitted with a cable-driven 27-DoF dexterous hand. The Shanghai company plans an early-access programme and robot-as-a-service rentals.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-8a8722b652", "hs-449caab8b0" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-01-10", "event": "Official launch announcement; first public showing at the company's AI Day 2026", "url": "https://www.matrixrobotics.ai/matrix-3" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Early Access Program and pilot deployments planned from mid-2026" }, "components": { "actuators": "Integrated linear actuators as the main power units; Humanoids Daily reports a 30 kg payload and 3.9 km/h walking.", "hands": "27-DoF cable-driven 'Intuitive Hand' that can use tools and handle fabric; fingertip tactile arrays sensitive to 0.1 N.", "sensors": "Fingertip tactile arrays plus a distributed sensing network in a 3D-woven fabric skin that detects impact force; upgraded vision backed by a spatial-perception model.", "battery": "About 4 hours per charge.", "materials": "170 cm, 65 kg; covered in a soft 3D-woven biomimetic fabric skin.", "software": "Proprietary neural network from Matrix Super Intelligence aimed at zero-shot generalisation; WAVE physical-intelligence model and CAAI compute architecture named by Humanoids Daily; natural-language guidance and dual-robot coordination demos.", "sources": [ "hs-8a8722b652", "hs-449caab8b0" ] }, "production": { "built": "Matrix Fabrication Hall in Pudong targets 10,000 units in its first year", "sold": "Early Access Program and RaaS rentals; MATRIX-3 PRO from US$99,000", "where": "Pudong, Shanghai, China", "customers": "Select industry partners; pilots expected from mid-2026" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-05-19", "title": "MATRIX-3 makes first public appearance at AI Day", "summary": "Matrix Robotics gave a $99,000 PRO price, RaaS plans and a 10,000-unit first-year capacity target.", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/matrix-robotics-enters-the-mass-production-race-with-the-99-000-matrix-3" } ], "video": { "id": "dX1IG16Nr1E", "title": "Introducing MATRIX-3", "channel": "Matrix Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/matrix-robotics-matrix-3-2026.jpg", "author": "Matrix Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.matrixrobotics.ai/matrix-3", "page": "https://www.matrixrobotics.ai/matrix-3", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "galbot-s1-2026", "name": "Galbot S1", "maker": "Galbot (Galaxy General Robot)", "makerId": "galbot", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-01-20", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 179.3, "weightKg": 320, "dof": 17, "speedKmh": 5.4, "payloadKg": 50, "batteryHours": 8, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "No list price published; Galbot's page links to a JD.com store listing", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Galbot says the S1 works on CATL battery production lines handling heavy loads (announced January 2026).", "summary": "A heavy-duty wheeled robot with a head, a lifting torso and two 7-DoF arms on an omnidirectional four-wheel base, built for factory and warehouse lifting. It swaps its own batteries so it can run around the clock.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-a58b9450c5" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-01-20", "event": "Launch press release", "url": "https://technode.global/prnasia/galbot-s1-breaks-industry-load-limits-with-50kg-heavy-duty-capacity/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Offered for sale via Galbot's site (JD.com link); first ship date not published. Height is the maximum with the torso lift raised; DoF counts neck 2, arms 7x2, lift 1. Some coverage gives 15 kg per arm instead of 50 kg dual-arm." }, "components": { "actuators": "Neck 2 DoF, each arm 7 DoF, lift 1 DoF; 750 mm lift travel; four-wheel-steer omnidirectional chassis at up to 1.5 m/s.", "hands": "Two 7-DoF arms (920 mm shoulder to wrist) with up to 50 kg continuous dual-arm payload; reach from floor to about 2.3-2.4 m. End-effectors not specified.", "sensors": "Head: binocular camera and 3D LiDAR; chest: 2 depth cameras and 2 six-axis force sensors; chassis: 2 3D LiDARs. Vision-only positioning without QR codes.", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin 64GB (275 TOPS).", "battery": "Two 48 V 30 Ah hot-swappable batteries; 8 h per full charge, 2 h charge; swaps its own batteries for 24/7 work.", "materials": "1793 mm max height, 320 kg, 730 x 730 mm footprint; 0-40 C operating range.", "software": "Galbot's 'Galaxy Brain' embodied model and proprietary material-handling model; runs without teleoperation; secondary-development portal.", "other": "7-inch touchscreen, wireless e-stop; Wi-Fi and Bluetooth 5.2.", "sources": [ "hs-a58b9450c5" ] }, "production": { "where": "China (Galbot, Beijing HQ)", "customers": "Working on a CATL production line; Galbot also lists Bosch, Toyota, BAIC, SAIC and Zeekr as flexible-manufacturing partners" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-01-20", "title": "Galbot S1 launched with 50 kg dual-arm payload", "summary": "Galbot says S1 runs heavy-load tasks at CATL and swaps its own batteries for round-the-clock work.", "publisher": "TNGlobal (PR Newswire)", "url": "https://technode.global/prnasia/galbot-s1-breaks-industry-load-limits-with-50kg-heavy-duty-capacity/" } ], "video": { "id": "3ezq-WJbPJw", "title": "Galbot S1: Heavy-Duty Robot", "channel": "Galbot", "display": true } }, { "id": "donut-robotics-cinnamon-1-2026", "name": "cinnamon 1", "maker": "Donut Robotics", "makerId": "donut", "country": "Japan", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-01-22", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial", "care", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": 70, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Price not published", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "On trial at a Charm Care nursing home in Japan since July 2026, first doing patrols.", "summary": "A Japanese-branded bipedal humanoid, about 170 cm tall, that takes instructions through silent hand and finger gestures and uses a vision-language-action model. The body is currently made by an unnamed overseas company under an OEM deal, running Donut's own AI.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-83710f36de", "hs-c19b4af6ac", "hs-0f25d4b4f4" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-01-22", "event": "World premiere announcement (PR TIMES), with demo video posted 20 January", "url": "https://innovatopia.jp/robot/robot-news/78362/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Height and weight given by maker as approximate" }, "components": { "sensors": "Vision system feeding a built-in vision-language model; specific sensors not published.", "software": "Donut's own AI on an OEM body: a built-in vision-language model and a vision-language-action model under development; learns motions from human video and motion capture; 'Silent Gesture Control' takes commands from hand and finger gestures (patent filed), for noisy sites where voice fails.", "other": "About 170 cm and 70 kg, bipedal. Target uses: factories, construction, eldercare and security.", "sources": [ "hs-83710f36de", "hs-c19b4af6ac", "hs-0f25d4b4f4" ] }, "production": { "where": "Body made by an unnamed overseas OEM; Donut aims for a Japanese-built body later", "customers": "Charm Care Corporation (nursing-home trial since July 2026, first on patrol); capital alliance with MBS Inc. for construction use" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-10-05", "title": "Charm Care invests in Donut Robotics", "summary": "Nursing-home operator Charm Care agreed to invest ¥300 million in Donut Robotics, which has trialled cinnamon 1 in a Charm Care home since July.", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2026/10/05/japanese-nursing-home-operator-charm-care-invests-in-humanoid-company-donut-robotics/105545/" }, { "date": "2026-01-22", "title": "cinnamon 1 unveiled with gesture control", "summary": "Donut Robotics premiered its Japanese-branded biped, built on an overseas OEM body, with silent gesture commands.", "publisher": "Innovatopia", "url": "https://innovatopia.jp/robot/robot-news/78362/" } ], "video": { "id": "1vBI0GYjAKM", "title": "cinnamon 1", "channel": "donutrobotics Co., Ltd." }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/donut-robotics-cinnamon-1-2026.jpg", "author": "Donut Robotics Co., Ltd.", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.donutrobotics.com/blank-2", "page": "https://www.donutrobotics.com/blank-2", "kind": "maker", "w": 429, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "fauna-robotics-sprout-2026", "name": "Sprout", "maker": "Fauna Robotics", "makerId": "fauna", "country": "United States", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-01-27", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment", "retail", "home" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 107, "weightKg": 22.7, "dof": 29, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 50000, "priceNote": "Creator Edition about US$50,000 (battery, grippers and software included)", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Early users named at launch in January 2026 include NYU, UC San Diego, Disney and Boston Dynamics.", "summary": "A small, soft-covered biped meant to work safely around people, with an expressive head (motorised eyebrows and an LED face) and grippers. It shipped first as a Creator Edition for developers and researchers.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-21e2ae2a81", "hs-608cff0c5a" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-01-27", "event": "Fauna exits stealth", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/fauna-robotics-exits-stealth-with-sprout-a-soft-bodied-humanoid-for-the-messy-reality-of-shared-spaces" }, "released": { "date": "2026-01-27", "note": "Creator Edition shipping at launch" }, "components": { "actuators": "29 DoF with compliant, torque-limited motor control that yields to outside forces.", "hands": "Grippers included; motorised eyebrows and a 100-pixel LED face for expression.", "sensors": "ZED 2i stereo depth camera, four time-of-flight sensors, four-microphone array; onboard safety sensing.", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin 64GB.", "battery": "Included; capacity not published.", "materials": "107 cm, 22.7 kg; soft foam-like exterior and padded panels with few pinch points.", "software": "Unified stack for whole-body control, manipulation and navigation with swappable models; pre-trained walking, kneeling, crawling and dancing; VR teleoperation with Meta Quest 3 for data collection.", "sources": [ "hs-608cff0c5a", "hs-21e2ae2a81", "hs-ffd2c19088", "hs-7a1d174ef8" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Creator Edition shipping since Jan 2026 at about US$50,000", "where": "Assembled in the USA (New York)", "customers": "NYU, UC San Diego, Disney, Boston Dynamics" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-03-25", "title": "Amazon acquires Fauna Robotics", "summary": "heise reports Amazon bought Fauna for an undisclosed sum, folding its ~50 staff into its Personal Robotics Group.", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://heise.de/-11224073" }, { "date": "2026-01-28", "title": "Boston Dynamics already using Sprout", "summary": "Mike Kalil reports Sprout starts at $50,000 and is built in the US.", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/fauna-robotics-sprout-humanoid-robot/" }, { "date": "2026-01-27", "title": "Fauna exits stealth with Sprout", "summary": "Humanoids Daily covers the 107 cm, 22.7 kg soft biped shipping as a Creator Edition.", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/fauna-robotics-exits-stealth-with-sprout-a-soft-bodied-humanoid-for-the-messy-reality-of-shared-spaces" } ], "availability": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "how": "Online Request Robot form on the maker's site; the page says units are shipping", "note": "The maker states the robot is designed in New York City and assembled in America; it lists no shipping regions, warranty or support terms.", "source": "https://faunarobotics.com/" }, "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "partners", "how": "The maker says the robot comes with full SDK access and core APIs on a modular software stack", "note": "No public SDK documentation, GitHub page or developer price found on the maker's pages when checked.", "source": "https://faunarobotics.com/" }, "video": { "id": "pO9MEqs7H2s", "title": "Meet Sprout | A Humanoid Robotics Platform for the Real World", "channel": "Fauna Robotics (@FaunaRobotics)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/fauna-robotics-sprout-2026.jpg", "author": "Fauna Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://faunarobotics.com/product", "page": "https://faunarobotics.com/product", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 937 } }, { "id": "ihub-robotics-daksha-gen-2-2026", "name": "Daksha Gen-2", "maker": "iHub Robotics (I Hub Research and Robotics, Kochi)", "makerId": "ihub", "country": "India", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-02", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 15, "batteryHours": 3, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Deployed in SAP Labs India's living labs, and Kerala Police signed an agreement in October 2026 to pilot it for traffic control at Kochi junctions.", "summary": "An industrial humanoid upper body with a camera head and five-fingered hands on a wheeled column base, run by the maker's own Viveka vision-language-action model and trainable by VR teleoperation. The maker rates each arm at 7 kg with a 15 kg peak and about 3 hours per charge; it was launched at the India AI Impact Summit.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-af031f0627", "hs-2ac0c5a0f5", "hs-bd3989e396" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-02", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/ihub-robotics-daksha-gen-2-2026.jpg", "author": "iHub Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.ihubrobotics.com/daksha-mini", "page": "https://www.ihubrobotics.com/daksha-mini", "kind": "maker", "w": 730, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "addverb-elixis-w-2026", "name": "Elixis-W", "maker": "Addverb (Reliance)", "makerId": "addverb", "country": "India", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-02", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "logistics", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Among the first humanoids built in India by a large company.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled warehouse humanoid from Reliance-owned Addverb, shown at India's AI Impact Summit and LogiMAT India 2026. Specs not published.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-ab482bfc5d", "hs-3d0bc9f60c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-02", "event": "India AI Impact Expo 2026 (16-20 Feb), Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi", "url": "https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2026/02/top-made-in-india-ai-products-at-ai-impact-expo/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not yet for sale" }, "components": { "other": "Wheeled base for flat warehouse floors; Addverb says every component is made in India and its plant can build up to 100,000 robots a year (company-wide). No public specs.", "sources": [ "hs-ab482bfc5d", "hs-9a8e123592" ] }, "production": { "where": "India" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-02-16", "title": "Addverb shows Elixis-W at India AI Impact Expo", "summary": "Wheeled humanoid for factories and warehouses; legged version planned.", "publisher": "Analytics Vidhya", "url": "https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2026/02/top-made-in-india-ai-products-at-ai-impact-expo/" }, { "date": "2022-01-18", "title": "Reliance takes 54% of Addverb for $132 million", "summary": "The deal valued Addverb at $270 million and funded overseas growth and a Noida plant.", "publisher": "Addverb", "url": "https://addverb.com/press-release/reliance-acquires-54-stake-in-addverb-technologies-for-132-million/" } ], "buyNone": "Not yet for sale.", "video": { "id": "hoNkGUmyRTs", "title": "Addverb unveils its first Made-in-India wheeled humanoid robot", "channel": "PTI News" }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/addverb.png", "author": "Addverb Technologies", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Addverb_logo.png", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Addverb_logo.png", "article": "File:Addverb logo.png" } }, { "id": "guanggu-dongzhi-lumen-h1-2026", "name": "Lumen H1", "maker": "Guanggu Dongzhi (Hubei Guanggu Dongzhi Embodied Intelligence)", "makerId": "guanggu-dongzhi", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-02", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "retail", "social", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 169, "weightKg": 69, "dof": 40, "speedKmh": 2.9, "payloadKg": 2, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A full-size service humanoid for showrooms, malls and reception desks, with a 2-DoF head, 7-DoF arms, 6-DoF legs and dexterous hands. The maker lists 169 cm, 69 kg, 40+ joints, a swappable 700 Wh battery and a cautious 0.8 m/s walking speed.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-263dde4ab9", "hs-345cde6a48" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-02", "event": "No reveal date found; year from the earliest dated source opened (Gasgoo, February 2026), which names H1 as part of the Lumen series", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/market-industry/guang-gu-dong-zhi-unveils-photon-robot-lumen-s1-2020008232704008192" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "listed on the maker's product page; over 100 Lumen-series units delivered since early 2025 (all models)" }, "components": { "actuators": "40 active DoF: arms 7x2, legs 6x2, head 2, hands 6x2. In-house integrated joints with 512 Nm peak torque, run for thousands of hours, per the maker.", "hands": "6-DoF dexterous hands; whole-robot maximum grasped load 2 kg, end-effector speed 1 m/s.", "sensors": "LiDAR plus RGB-D camera for all-round obstacle sensing; microphone pickup accuracy of 96% in noisy settings claimed.", "battery": "700 Wh, about 2 hours; swappable battery and a standby station for charging and transport.", "materials": "169 cm, about 69 kg; brandable exterior (logos, VI).", "software": "Voice large model with lifelike speech synthesis, custom enterprise knowledge bases; control by remote, phone or PC.", "other": "Safety monitoring with primary/backup redundancy and dual-channel control, rated PL d; 0.8 m/s top speed in three settings, braking within 1.7 m; 5-degree slopes and 20 mm obstacles.", "sources": [ "hs-263dde4ab9", "hs-7598825281", "hs-345cde6a48" ] }, "production": { "built": "Maker reports 100+ units delivered across its Lumen models since early 2025; Wuhan factory phase one 300 units/year, phase two (2026) over 1,000", "where": "Optics Valley (East Lake High-tech Zone), Wuhan, Hubei, China", "customers": "Showrooms, malls, reception desks; research, education, guided tours and entertainment users (not named)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-02-07", "title": "Guanggu Dongzhi passes 100 deliveries", "summary": "Gasgoo reports the Lumen family including H1 has delivered more than 100 units since early 2025.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/market-industry/guang-gu-dong-zhi-unveils-photon-robot-lumen-s1-2020008232704008192" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/guanggu-dongzhi-lumen-h1-2026.jpg", "author": "Guanggu Dongzhi (Hubei Guanggu Dongzhi Embodied Intelligence)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.hecbot.cn/product.html?type=22", "page": "https://www.hecbot.cn/product.html?type=22", "kind": "maker", "w": 657, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "muks-spaceo-m1-2026", "name": "Spaceo M1", "maker": "Muks Robotics", "makerId": "muks", "country": "India", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-02", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "social", "retail", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 162.5, "weightKg": 45, "dof": 12, "speedKmh": 5.4, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 8, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Ran an 8-10 day passenger-assistance pilot in the arrivals area of Pune Airport in February 2026, with a Pune Metro trial planned for March.", "summary": "A Pune-built wheeled social humanoid, 162.5 cm and about 45 kg, with two 5-DoF arms, a touch display, RGB-D vision and lidar, used as a guide and greeter. Maker says about 8 hours of active use; a bipedal version is in development.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-f7f01853cf", "hs-7c5d9b99e4" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-02", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/muks-spaceo-m1-2026.jpg", "author": "Muks Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://muksrobotics.com/spaceo-m1", "page": "https://muksrobotics.com/spaceo-m1", "kind": "maker", "w": 671, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "mirrorme-bolt-2026", "name": "Bolt", "maker": "MirrorMe Technology", "makerId": "mirrorme", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-02-02", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": 75, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 36, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "MirrorMe says it is the first full-size humanoid to run at 10 m/s in real-world tests (company claim, not independently measured).", "deployments": null, "summary": "A full-size running humanoid from Shanghai-based MirrorMe, co-developed with a Zhejiang University institute, with redesigned joints and power system. Its 10 m/s (36 km/h) peak comes from company video.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-d48b8be695", "hs-8d4f1a2e45" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-02-02", "event": "Launch video and statement", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2026/02/03/mirrorme-unveils-worlds-fastest-humanoid-robot-bolt/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "no sales announced" }, "components": { "actuators": "Newly designed joints with a fully optimised power system; short, very fast stride rhythm rather than long strides.", "materials": "175 cm, 75 kg.", "other": "Peak running speed of 10 m/s (about 22 mph) in company test footage; co-developed with a Zhejiang University institute. Promo video shows founder Wang Hongtao running beside it on a treadmill.", "sources": [ "hs-d48b8be695", "hs-8d4f1a2e45" ] }, "production": { "built": "Prototype", "sold": "Not sold", "where": "Shanghai, China" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-02-13", "title": "Bolt sprints at 22 mph", "summary": "Fox News reports Bolt's 22 mph treadmill run alongside MirrorMe's founder.", "publisher": "Fox News", "url": "https://www.foxnews.com/tech/worlds-fastest-humanoid-robot-runs-22-mph" }, { "date": "2026-02-03", "title": "MirrorMe unveils Bolt", "summary": "CnEVPost reports Bolt reached 10 m/s in real-world tests and was launched on 2 February.", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2026/02/03/mirrorme-unveils-worlds-fastest-humanoid-robot-bolt/" } ], "video": { "id": "8Fibxp5gf3A", "title": "Official Launch | Mirror Me Technology Humanoid Robot Bolt", "channel": "MirrorMe" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/mirrorme-bolt-2026.jpg", "author": "MirrorMe Technology", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.mirrormetech.com/en/product_5.html", "page": "https://www.mirrormetech.com/en/product_5.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 636 } }, { "id": "faraday-future-ff-futurist-2026", "name": "FF Futurist", "maker": "Faraday Future (FF EAI-Robotics)", "makerId": "faraday-future", "country": "United States", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-02-04", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "retail", "education", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "unknown", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 34990, "priceNote": "From US$34,990; optional skills packages extra", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "FF said more than 1,200 units across its robot range were covered by non-binding B2B deposits at launch, with first deliveries planned for late February 2026.", "summary": "A full-size service humanoid launched by the electric-car maker Faraday Future for concierge, sales, event-host and teaching-assistant roles. Height, weight, joint count and whether it walks or rolls were not disclosed at launch.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-1d4045db4a", "hs-4a50810dc0", "hs-eb727ec70c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-02-04", "event": "NADA Show, Las Vegas", "url": "https://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-network/faraday-future-unveils-three-embodied-ai-robot-series-at-nada-show-marking-entry-into-us-robotics-market?amp=1" }, "released": { "date": "2026-02", "note": "pre-orders opened at launch; replaced by an all-new Futurist in mid-2026" }, "components": { "sensors": "'Advanced perception systems' per FF; no specifics.", "software": "Multilingual interaction and modular upgradable software; part of FF's 'Three-in-One' ecosystem with an open-source EAI brain/platform and a decentralised data factory; optional paid skills packages.", "sources": [ "hs-1d4045db4a", "hs-4a50810dc0", "hs-eb727ec70c" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sales and non-binding pre-orders opened 4 Feb 2026; FF cited 1,200+ units under non-binding, non-refundable B2B deposits across its robot lines; first deliveries targeted for late Feb 2026 (no delivery confirmation found)", "where": "FF EAI-Robotics Inc., California, USA (manufacturing site not disclosed)", "customers": "Hospitality, retail, education and events (no named customers)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-02-09", "title": "FF launches three robot series at NADA", "summary": "Khaleej Times carries FF's release on the Futurist, Master and Aegis, with deliveries targeted for late February.", "publisher": "Khaleej Times", "url": "https://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-network/faraday-future-unveils-three-embodied-ai-robot-series-at-nada-show-marking-entry-into-us-robotics-market?amp=1" }, { "date": "2026-02-06", "title": "Faraday Future pivots to robots", "summary": "Electrek reports FF's new robot subsidiary and Futurist pricing from $34,990.", "publisher": "Electrek", "url": "https://electrek.co/2026/02/06/if-its-good-enough-for-tesla-faraday-future-pivots-to-humanoid-robots/" }, { "date": "2026-02-05", "title": "FF prices full-size humanoid at about $35,000", "summary": "Gasgoo notes technical specs and production timelines were not disclosed.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/other/ff-unveils-three-robots-full-size-humanoid-priced-at-35000-2019428620110364672" } ], "availability": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "how": "Pre-order through the FF Futurist page on the maker's site; first deliveries were planned for the end of February", "note": "The maker's site has a US page and country selector but states no shipping regions, warranty or support terms.", "source": "https://www.ff.com/us/NADA2026/" }, "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "none-found", "note": "No SDK, API or developer pages on the maker's FF Futurist pages when checked.", "source": "https://robotics.ff.com/us/ff-futurist/" }, "video": { "id": "HXaOYV4Je48", "title": "Expression. Balance. Movement. #Futurist #Master #Aegis | FFAI | Robotics", "channel": "Faraday Future" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/faraday-future-ff-futurist-2026.jpg", "author": "Faraday Future", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://robotics.ff.com/us/ff-futurist/", "page": "https://robotics.ff.com/us/ff-futurist/", "kind": "maker", "w": 800, "h": 800 } }, { "id": "faraday-future-ff-master-2026", "name": "FF Master", "maker": "Faraday Future (FF EAI-Robotics)", "makerId": "faraday-future", "country": "United States", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-02-04", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "entertainment", "education", "home" ], "locomotion": "unknown", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 19990, "priceNote": "From US$19,990", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "An 'athletic' humanoid from Faraday Future pitched as an AI companion for homes, institutions and events, cheaper than the Futurist. FF published no height, weight, joint count or battery figures.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-1d4045db4a", "hs-eb727ec70c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-02-04", "event": "NADA Show, Las Vegas", "url": "https://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-network/faraday-future-unveils-three-embodied-ai-robot-series-at-nada-show-marking-entry-into-us-robotics-market?amp=1" }, "released": { "date": "2026-02", "note": "pre-orders opened at launch" }, "components": { "software": "Adaptive learning and multiple DoF per FF; FF's open-source EAI brain/platform ecosystem; optional skills packages.", "sources": [ "hs-1d4045db4a", "hs-eb727ec70c", "hs-4a50810dc0" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Pre-orders opened 4 Feb 2026 from US$19,990; deliveries targeted for late Feb 2026 (no confirmation found)", "where": "FF EAI-Robotics Inc., California, USA", "customers": "Home, institutional and event use (no named customers)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-02-09", "title": "FF Master launched as AI companion humanoid", "summary": "Khaleej Times carries FF's release describing Master as an athletic companion humanoid.", "publisher": "Khaleej Times", "url": "https://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-network/faraday-future-unveils-three-embodied-ai-robot-series-at-nada-show-marking-entry-into-us-robotics-market?amp=1" }, { "date": "2026-02-05", "title": "FF Master priced from $19,990", "summary": "Gasgoo reports Master as the sports-oriented humanoid in FF's first robot lineup.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/other/ff-unveils-three-robots-full-size-humanoid-priced-at-35000-2019428620110364672" } ], "video": { "id": "nFyDWKOAKC8", "title": "ROBOTS, ON CAMPUS | Faraday Future | FFAI | FF Master", "channel": "Faraday Future" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/faraday-future-ff-master-2026.jpg", "author": "Faraday Future Intelligent Electric Inc.", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://robotics.ff.com/us/ff-master/", "page": "https://robotics.ff.com/us/ff-master/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "guanggu-dongzhi-lumen-s1-2026", "name": "Lumen S1", "maker": "Guanggu Dongzhi (Hubei Guanggu Dongzhi Embodied Intelligence)", "makerId": "guanggu-dongzhi", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-02-06", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "social", "care", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 130, "weightKg": 35, "dof": 40, "speedKmh": 6.5, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Used in elderly-care and exhibition settings in 2026, and performed Huangmei opera on stage at the Shenzhen culture fair in May 2026.", "summary": "A 1.3 m companion humanoid from a Wuhan joint venture of HEC, AgiBot, PsiBot and a Peking University institute, with over 100 facial expressions, touch sensors on its head and more than 40 joints. It walks at up to 1.8 m/s and runs about two hours per charge.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-345cde6a48", "hs-61ab9bc3b7" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-02-06", "event": "Guanggu Dongzhi launch", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/market-industry/guang-gu-dong-zhi-unveils-photon-robot-lumen-s1-2020008232704008192" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "no public price" }, "components": { "actuators": "40+ DoF; joints with 120 Nm peak torque; walks at up to 1.8 m/s.", "sensors": "LiDAR, RGB-D cameras, multi-camera vision, head touch sensors, microphone array.", "battery": "500 Wh with fast charging; over 2 hours per charge.", "materials": "1.3 m, 35 kg; customisable appearance.", "software": "Voice interaction with emotion perception and 'continuous memory'; 100+ built-in facial expressions; learned Huangmei opera moves from video.", "sources": [ "hs-345cde6a48", "hs-61ab9bc3b7" ] }, "production": { "where": "Wuhan, Hubei, China", "customers": "Deployed in eldercare and commercial exhibitions" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-05-26", "title": "Lumen S1 performs Huangmei opera in Shenzhen", "summary": "China Daily reports the S1 performed with professional actors at the Shenzhen cultural industries fair.", "publisher": "China Daily (Invest in China)", "url": "https://govt.chinadaily.com.cn/s/202605/26/WS6a1551c0498e23165e06fa57/ovc-enterprises-shine-at-shenzhen-cultural-fair.html" }, { "date": "2026-02-07", "title": "Guanggu Dongzhi unveils Lumen S1", "summary": "Gasgoo reports the 1.3 m, 35 kg companion launched on 6 February with 40+ DoF and a 500 Wh battery.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/market-industry/guang-gu-dong-zhi-unveils-photon-robot-lumen-s1-2020008232704008192" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/guanggu-dongzhi-lumen-s1-2026.jpg", "author": "Guanggu Dongzhi (Hubei Guanggu Dongzhi Embodied Intelligence)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.hecbot.cn/product.html?type=27", "page": "https://www.hecbot.cn/product.html?type=27", "kind": "maker", "w": 553, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "x-humanoid-tiangong-3-0-2026", "name": "Tiangong 3.0 (Embodied Tien Kung 3.0)", "maker": "Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center (X-Humanoid)", "makerId": "beijing-humanoid-innovation-center", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-02-10", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "industrial", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 169, "weightKg": 62, "dof": 43, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "X-Humanoid calls it the first full-size humanoid with whole-body high-dynamic motion control for physical interaction, and released its design files openly.", "deployments": "Mass production and delivery were planned for the second half of 2026 (Gasgoo, June 2026).", "summary": "The third full-size Tiangong from Beijing's state-backed humanoid centre, shown vaulting obstacles and built as an open platform, with design files, a vision-language model and a training dataset published for developers.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-ea1760ae03", "hs-93a3445790", "hs-d5264f616c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-02-10", "event": "X-Humanoid launch, Beijing", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/beijing-s-newest-humanoid-tiangong-3-0-breaks-cover-with-parkour-and-open-source-ambitions" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "mass delivery planned for H2 2026" }, "components": { "actuators": "High-torque integrated joints with hollow shafts and precision gears; 43 DoF.", "compute": "D-Robotics Xuri S600 embodied-AI chip in the mass-production version; models distilled to under 20% of original size to fit it.", "materials": "169 cm, 62 kg.", "software": "Huisi Kaiwu (WISE KAIWU) embodied-intelligence platform with a perception-decision-execution loop and asynchronous multi-robot scheduling; open-sourced design blueprints, Pelican-VL vision-language model and RoboMIND dataset; supports ROS 2, MQTT and TCP/IP.", "other": "Demonstrated a one-handed vault over a 1 m block, somersaults and small-knob turning; expansion interfaces for tools.", "sources": [ "hs-ea1760ae03", "hs-93a3445790", "hs-d5264f616c" ] }, "production": { "built": "Mass production and delivery planned for H2 2026 with D-Robotics", "where": "Beijing, China", "customers": "Planned for production lines, warehousing, services and special-environment maintenance" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-06-09", "title": "Tiangong 3.0 heads for mass delivery in H2", "summary": "Gasgoo reports the X-Humanoid/D-Robotics version on the Xuri S600 chip will be delivered from the second half of 2026.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/market-industry/beijing-innovation-center-of-humanoid-robotics-tiangong-30-to-enter-mass-delivery-in-h2-2026-2064271997591465985" }, { "date": "2026-02-11", "title": "Tiangong 3.0 unveiled with open-source push", "summary": "Humanoids Daily reports the 10 February launch of a 169 cm, 43-DoF platform with open blueprints and models.", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/beijing-s-newest-humanoid-tiangong-3-0-breaks-cover-with-parkour-and-open-source-ambitions" } ], "video": { "id": "Ipl4qdpzucg", "title": "Say Hi to TienKung 3.0: More open / More Dexterous / More Practical", "channel": "TianGong Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/x-humanoid-tiangong-3-0-2026.jpg", "author": "Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center (X-Humanoid)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.x-humanoid.com/detail/jstg.html", "page": "https://www.x-humanoid.com/detail/jstg.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "menlo-research-asimov-1-2026", "name": "Asimov 1", "maker": "Menlo Research", "makerId": "menlo-research", "country": "Singapore", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-03", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "education" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 120, "weightKg": 35, "dof": 25, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 15, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 20000, "priceNote": "DIY kit listed at US$20,000 on the GitHub README (Oct 2026); launched in March 2026 at a US$15,000 target with a $499 deposit", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "First production batch of DIY kits was due to ship in late August 2026.", "summary": "An open-hardware, 1.2 m biped sold as a kit you assemble yourself, with the CAD, bill of materials and simulation files published on GitHub. It has 25 powered joints plus two passive toe joints; payload is 5 kg per arm rated and 15 kg at peak (the figure used here). The 'Here Be Dragons' kit is its first edition, not a separate robot.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-5bff1e1445", "hs-08302985c9", "hs-c7812e45c2", "hs-1c37bc5a46", "hs-52865bd4a7" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-03", "event": "'Here Be Dragons' DIY kit launch (earliest dated coverage found; an earlier reveal may exist)", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/asimov-launches-15-000-here-be-dragons-diy-humanoid-kit" }, "released": { "date": "2026-08", "note": "first production kits shipping; CAD and simulation files open-sourced April 2026" }, "components": { "actuators": "25 actuated DoF (legs 6 each, arms 5 each, waist 1, neck 2) plus two passive toe joints; parallel RSU ankle; CAN bus control (5 buses at 1 Mbps, 1 at 500 kbps).", "hands": "No hands included in the kit. Arms rated 5 kg each (15 kg peak).", "sensors": "2 MP monocular head camera, stereo microphone array, 6-axis IMU, joint states; 10 W speaker.", "compute": "Raspberry Pi 5 (media and network) plus Radxa CM5 (motion control).", "materials": "1.2 m, 35 kg; 7075 aluminium and MJF PA12 nylon 3D-printed parts.", "software": "Open-source CAD, BOM, simulation and onboard code (CERN-OHL-S and GPL licences); RL walking policy trained with 'processor-in-the-loop' simulation of bus latency and sensor noise; joystick, code or agent control.", "sources": [ "hs-5bff1e1445", "hs-c7812e45c2", "hs-1c37bc5a46" ] }, "production": { "sold": "DIY kit shipping; GitHub lists the kit at $20,000 (launched with a $15,000 target and $499 deposit)", "where": "Assembly and servicing partners in the USA and Singapore", "customers": "Research labs and developers (not named)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-03-03", "title": "Asimov launches 'Here Be Dragons' DIY kit", "summary": "Humanoids Daily reports a $15,000 target price, $499 deposits and a 25+2 DoF open-source biped.", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/asimov-launches-15-000-here-be-dragons-diy-humanoid-kit" } ], "video": { "id": "GpyB-VSjk4Q", "title": "We're open-sourcing Asimov v1, a humanoid robot", "channel": "Asimov" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/menlo-research-asimov-1-2026.jpg", "author": "Menlo Research", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://menlo.ai/asimov-1", "page": "https://menlo.ai/asimov-1", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 625 } }, { "id": "enactic-ena-2026", "name": "Ena", "maker": "Enactic Inc.", "makerId": "enactic", "country": "Japan", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-03", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "care" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "In March 2026 more than 80 care operators signed MOUs to help develop it, with trials in care homes planned from summer 2026; a working unit was demonstrated at the H.C.R. 2026 welfare equipment show in October 2026.", "summary": "A humanoid care-assistant robot meant to take on side tasks in care homes such as laundry, clearing and serving trays and restocking, so staff can spend more time with residents. Enactic, the developer of the open-source OpenArm, entered an OpenArm-based wheeled semi-humanoid with a lift and four-wheel swerve drive in AIRoA's 2026 competition; whether that machine is the Ena platform is not confirmed, so the body details here are uncertain.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-199cdecaf5", "hs-6ce56cea08", "hs-6dd5cfce56", "hs-645fc964d3" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-03", "event": "Announcement of development MOUs with 80+ care operators (exact first public showing of the robot not confirmed)", "url": "https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/31442942/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "In development; selected on 30 Sep 2026 to advance to AIRoA's improved-machine development phase." }, "components": { "actuators": "Based on Enactic's open-source OpenArm dual-arm design, with extra DoF, a waist/lift mechanism and a four-wheel independent-steering (swerve) omnidirectional base.", "hands": "Dual-arm manipulation shown folding clothes and changing pillowcases; a hand is in development.", "software": "Teleoperation UI used for data collection; Enactic began Japan's first care-sector trial of NVIDIA GR00T N1.7 (June 2026) and joined NVIDIA's Cosmos Coalition; AVista multimodal speech model.", "other": "Targets side tasks in care homes (laundry, clearing and serving trays, restocking, monitoring).", "sources": [ "hs-199cdecaf5", "hs-6ce56cea08", "hs-6dd5cfce56", "hs-645fc964d3" ] }, "production": { "built": "Test units; field trials in care homes planned from summer 2026", "sold": "Not sold", "where": "Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan", "customers": "Development partnerships with 100+ care operators (MOU with 80+ including Gakken Cocofump and Charm Care in March 2026); selected for AIRoA's domestic general-purpose robot competition" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-20", "title": "Enactic shows OpenArm semi-humanoid at Physical AI Summit", "summary": "Moriyama reports Enactic's OpenArm-based mobile manipulator with lift and swerve base in AIRoA's competition.", "publisher": "Kazumichi Moriyama (note)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/n98141a1335ea" }, { "date": "2026-09-08", "title": "Ena demo set for H.C.R. 2026", "summary": "Enactic announced a talk and test-unit demo of Ena at the Tokyo welfare equipment fair on 7 October.", "publisher": "PR TIMES", "url": "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000008.000166268.html" }, { "date": "2026-06-03", "title": "80+ care operators back Ena", "summary": "President Online (via Livedoor) reports the March MOU and summer field trials in care homes.", "publisher": "President Online (Livedoor News)", "url": "https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/31442942/" } ] }, { "id": "noble-machines-moby-2026", "name": "Moby", "maker": "Noble Machines (formerly Under Control Robotics)", "makerId": "noble-machines", "country": "United States", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-03-04", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": 70, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 2.9, "payloadKg": 23, "batteryHours": 5, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "First units went to an unnamed Fortune Global 500 customer; NVIDIA reports two units handling materials at a semiconductor plant with integrator Solomon (2026).", "summary": "A heavily built industrial humanoid from a Sunnyvale startup founded by ex-Apple, SpaceX and NASA engineers, made to climb stairs and scaffolding and carry heavy loads", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-9d5190f816", "hs-10d4be3d45", "hs-5c699ed9bd", "hs-de362a9be3" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-03-04", "event": "Noble Machines exits stealth", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/noble-machines-exits-stealth-with-moby-humanoid/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "offered as a platform or as a limited robots-as-a-service pilot; weight from heise" }, "components": { "actuators": "Heavily built upper body with strong arms and legs", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson Thor (dev kit) for onboard foundation-model inference; ruggedised Jetson Thor system in development with ADLINK; IGX Thor under evaluation.", "materials": "About 70 kg.", "software": "Proprietary AI whole-body control; NVIDIA Isaac GR00T N1.7 VLA, Isaac Sim, Isaac Lab and Newton physics; learns from language, demonstrations and gestures; teleoperable for expert intervention.", "other": "Built for stairs, scaffolding, uneven terrain and cluttered spaces in manufacturing, logistics, construction, energy and semiconductor sites.", "sources": [ "hs-9d5190f816", "hs-10d4be3d45", "hs-5c699ed9bd", "hs-de362a9be3" ] }, "production": { "built": "Two Moby3 units placed at a semiconductor facility; next generation in development", "sold": "Shipped to a Fortune Global 500 customer in Asia within 18 months of founding", "where": "Sunnyvale, California, USA", "customers": "Undisclosed Fortune Global 500 company; construction trials with a US general contractor; partners Solomon, ADLINK, Schaeffler" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-03-05", "title": "Noble Machines partners on Moby", "summary": "heise reports Moby's 27 kg lift and partnerships with Solomon, ADLINK and Schaeffler.", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://heise.de/-11200201" }, { "date": "2026-03-04", "title": "Noble Machines exits stealth with Moby", "summary": "The Robot Report says Moby is already deployed at a Fortune Global 500 customer.", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/noble-machines-exits-stealth-with-moby-humanoid/" } ], "video": { "id": "xhvbV6lPtYw", "title": "Noble Machines@GTC: Moby is ready for real world work", "channel": "Noble Machines (@noble-machines)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/noble-machines-moby-2026.jpg", "author": "Noble Machines (formerly Under Control Robotics)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.noblemachines.ai/", "page": "https://www.noblemachines.ai/", "kind": "maker", "w": 725, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "zerith-h1-2026", "name": "Zerith H1", "maker": "Zerith (Hefei Zerith Robotics)", "makerId": "zerith", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-04", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "retail", "logistics", "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 23, "speedKmh": 3.6, "payloadKg": 1, "batteryHours": 4, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Runs robot-staffed retail kiosks and small shops in China in 2026, per the maker.", "summary": "A wheeled humanoid from a Tsinghua University spin-off in Hefei, with a head, two 7-axis arms with five-finger hands and a reach from the floor to 2.16 m. It is rated 1 kg per arm, 1 m/s and 4 hours of operation.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-98196e2402", "hs-4f96571202" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-04", "event": "Earliest dated public source found: maker news of Zerith-H1 at the 4th China (Anhui) technology transfer fair, Hefei (fair opened 26 Apr 2026; news dated 29 Apr 2026); it may have been shown earlier", "url": "https://www.zerith.com/news/68.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": null }, "components": { "hands": "Two 7-axis arms with five-finger hands; reach from the floor up to 2156 mm.", "battery": "About 4 hours of continuous work.", "software": "Open SDK (Python, C++) with high- and low-level interfaces, complete URDF for sim-to-real; in-house skeleton-prediction teleoperation algorithm with under 10 ms latency; Zerith V-series action models and Zerith Data collection platform.", "sources": [ "hs-98196e2402", "hs-4f96571202" ] }, "production": { "where": "Hefei, Anhui, China", "customers": "Hefei's first robot shop (with SenseTime unit Shanghui), instant-retail warehouses, data-collection centres, education and research" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-04-29", "title": "Zerith shows H1 and robot shop in Hefei", "summary": "Zerith exhibited H1-based data collection and its robot shop at the Anhui tech-transfer fair.", "publisher": "Zerith", "url": "https://www.zerith.com/news/68.html" } ], "video": { "id": "LOu_F9N-wwI", "title": "Humanoid Robots Working in the Service Industry, Such as Hotels | Zerith H1", "channel": "Zerith" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/zerith-h1-2026.jpg", "author": "Zerith", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://zerith.com/product/ZerithH1/", "page": "https://zerith.com/product/ZerithH1/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 554 } }, { "id": "tokyo-robotics-torobo-humanoid-2026", "name": "Torobo Humanoid", "maker": "Tokyo Robotics (Yaskawa Electric subsidiary)", "makerId": "tokyo", "country": "Japan", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-04-02", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "research", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "A bipedal, Japanese-built successor to Tokyo Robotics' wheeled Torobo, developed after the company became a Yaskawa subsidiary.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A full-body bipedal prototype from the Waseda spin-off Tokyo Robotics, shown in an April 2026 video walking forward and backward, recovering from pushes and copying whole-body teleoperated motions (on a safety tether). The company plans to improve stability and add AI for autonomous work; no specs were published.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-800b29a351" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-04-02", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/tokyo-robotics-torobo-humanoid-2026.jpg", "author": "Tokyo Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://robotics.tokyo/videos", "page": "https://robotics.tokyo/videos", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "unix-ai-panther-2026", "name": "Panther", "maker": "UniX AI", "makerId": "unix-ai", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-04-08", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "home", "care", "retail", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": null, "dof": 34, "speedKmh": 7.2, "payloadKg": 12, "batteryHours": 12, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "UniX AI says it is the first service humanoid to go into real household deployment (company claim).", "deployments": "UniX AI said global deliveries began in April 2026 and that it has shipped more than 100 robots a month across its range since 2025.", "summary": "A full-size wheeled humanoid from Suzhou with a 2-axis head, two 8-DoF arms with adaptive grippers, an 80 cm vertical lift and a four-wheel-steer, four-wheel-drive base. The maker gives a height of 160 to 175 cm and 6 to 12 hours of battery life; the top of each range is used here.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-eaa6a79b31", "hs-c221539ae5", "hs-59e4db8924" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-04-08", "event": "Press release from Suzhou announcing Panther and global deliveries (Gasgoo dates the Panther series introduction to February 2026)", "url": "https://technode.global/prnasia/unix-ai-introduces-panther-the-worlds-first-service-humanoid-robot-to-enter-real-household-deployment-powered-by-its-differentiated-wheeled-dual-arm-architecture/" }, "released": { "date": "2026-04", "note": "global deliveries announced; price not published" }, "components": { "actuators": "34 high-DoF joints with planetary joint modules on a 48 V power platform; two 8-DoF bionic arms (982 mm reach, 12 kg combined load, +/-0.5 mm repeatability); 80 cm upper-body lift; four-wheel-steer, four-wheel-drive omnidirectional chassis at up to 2 m/s.", "hands": "Adaptive intelligent grippers; compatible with dexterous hands.", "sensors": "Head dual RGB and RGB-D cameras, optional top 3D LiDAR, front and rear 360-degree LiDAR, ultrasonic sensors, 6-microphone array.", "compute": "Edge computing up to 2070 TOPS (chip not named).", "battery": "6-12 hours.", "materials": "1600-1750 mm tall; 65 cm minimum passage width.", "software": "UniFlex imitation learning, UniTouch visuo-tactile model and UniCortex long-horizon planner; demos of autonomous tea-making, wine pouring and embroidery.", "sources": [ "hs-eaa6a79b31", "hs-c221539ae5", "hs-59e4db8924" ] }, "production": { "built": "UniX reports deliveries steadily above 100 units a month (company-wide), targeting 1,000 a month", "sold": "Global deliveries begun (April 2026); UniX reports orders worth hundreds of millions of yuan", "where": "Suzhou, China", "customers": "Hotels, retail, guided tours, eldercare, security and research (no named customers)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-04-08", "title": "Panther begins global deliveries", "summary": "UniX AI says Panther shipments have started and it made tea autonomously at a Morgan Stanley summit on 31 March.", "publisher": "TNGlobal (PR Newswire)", "url": "https://technode.global/prnasia/unix-ai-introduces-panther-the-worlds-first-service-humanoid-robot-to-enter-real-household-deployment-powered-by-its-differentiated-wheeled-dual-arm-architecture/" }, { "date": "2026-02-14", "title": "UniX AI launches Panther series", "summary": "Gasgoo describes the 8-DoF arms, 80 cm lift and 48 V platform shown in a demo video.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/unix-ai-launches-panther-series-embodied-ai-robots-2022684159506386945" } ], "availability": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "how": "Orders go through the maker directly; no public order page. An enquiry form on the product page asks for company, industry, product of interest and quantity.", "note": "The page names no sales regions, warranty or support terms.", "source": "https://www.unix-group.ai/panther/2023.html" }, "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "none-found", "note": "No SDK, API or developer pages on the maker's Panther page when checked.", "source": "https://www.unix-group.ai/panther/2023.html" }, "video": { "id": "HjWsxOCYB0I", "title": "UniX AI officially unveils Panther — New full-size, general-purpose humanoid robot.", "channel": "UniX AI" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/unix-ai-panther-2026.jpg", "author": "UniX AI", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.unix-group.ai/panther/2023.html", "page": "https://www.unix-group.ai/panther/2023.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 341, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "toyota-cue7-2026", "name": "CUE7", "maker": "Toyota Motor Corporation", "makerId": "toyota", "country": "Japan", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-04-12", "status": "research", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Seventh-generation basketball humanoid on a wheeled-hybrid base that uses cameras and AI to work out each shot's arc and force; reports say it moves from scripted motion to reinforcement learning with model predictive control. Toyota uses it as a testbed for factory and assistive humanoids.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-aaaed6d201" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-04-12", "event": "Half-time of an Alvark Tokyo game", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/toyota-cue7-basketball-robot/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "research robot, never sold" }, "components": { "actuators": "Not specified; AI-computed shot commands drive the arm motors on a wheeled-hybrid base.", "hands": "Specialised end effectors that guide the ball and release it with consistent spin.", "sensors": "Cameras measure distance and angle to the hoop.", "compute": "Not specified.", "battery": "Not published.", "materials": "Not published.", "software": "AI calculates each shot's arc and force. Reports of a switch to reinforcement learning with model predictive control were not found in the sources read.", "other": "Toyota uses the CUE series (since 2017) as a testbed for smart manufacturing and assistive humanoids.", "sources": [ "hs-aaaed6d201", "hs-802f58f32a" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Research robot, not for sale.", "where": "Japan (Toyota)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-06-11", "title": "Toyota's CUE7 draws crowds with shooting demos at RTJ2026", "summary": "Toyota ran basketball-shooting demonstrations with its latest AI robot CUE7 in the organiser's industrial-robot experience zone at Robot Technology Japan 2026.", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2606/30/news015.html" }, { "date": "2026-04-12", "title": "CUE7 sinks a free throw at Alvark Tokyo halftime", "summary": "Toyota's seventh basketball robot debuted at halftime of an Alvark Tokyo game on a new wheeled-hybrid base.", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/toyota-cue7-basketball-robot/" }, { "date": "2024-12", "title": "CUE6 sets robot long-shot record", "summary": "Guinness recognised CUE6 for the farthest basketball shot by a humanoid, about 24.5 m.", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/toyoyta-cue6-basketball-longshot/" }, { "date": "2019", "title": "CUE3 makes 2,020 free throws in a row", "summary": "An earlier CUE set a Guinness record for consecutive free throws by a humanoid.", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/toyota-cue7-basketball-robot/" } ], "video": { "id": "LzXpNLcbvYQ", "title": "[Physical AI] Basketball Robot CUE Has Evolved! Behind the Scenes of Its Debut | Toyota Times News", "channel": "Toyota Times Global" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/toyota-cue7-2026.jpg", "author": "Toyota Motor Corporation", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://scene7.toyota.eu/is/image/toyotaeurope/TOY_News_rTCUE7_header_1600x900_2?wid=1600", "page": "https://scene7.toyota.eu/is/image/toyotaeurope/TOY_News_rTCUE7_header_1600x900_2?wid=1600", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "rainbow-robotics-rb-y2-2026", "name": "RB-Y2", "maker": "Rainbow Robotics", "makerId": "rainbow", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-04-13", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 7, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Industrial successor to the RB-Y1 research robot: a mobile dual-arm robot that Rainbow Robotics lists as 'coming soon' in its Mobile Humanoid RBY series, with safety certification work applied and per-arm payload raised from about 3-4 kg to about 6-7 kg (7 kg used here as the upper value). It made its first public demo at SIMTOS 2026 in Goyang; pre-production and reservations are planned for late 2026 and an official launch in 2027.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-d32706dc44", "hs-faa07d0314" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-04-13", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/rainbow.png", "author": "Rainbow Robotics", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rainbow_Robotics_Logo_Black.png", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rainbow_Robotics_Logo_Black.png", "article": "File:Rainbow Robotics Logo Black.png" } }, { "id": "agibot-a3-2026", "name": "AGIBOT A3", "maker": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)", "makerId": "agibot", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-04-17", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "entertainment", "education", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 173, "weightKg": 55, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 10, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A light, acrobatic full-size performance humanoid with a magnesium, titanium and TPU body, hot-swappable batteries for up to 10 hours and UWB positioning so 100 or more units can perform in sync. Listed in AgiBot's CES 2026 line-up and formally unveiled at its partner conference on 17 April 2026; a 60 kg, 51-DoF A3 Ultra followed in July 2026.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-b919550e3b", "hs-85e6f82581", "hs-34ced90db2", "hs-450fe037bb" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-04-17", "event": "AGIBOT 2026 Partner Conference, Shanghai", "url": "https://www.agibot.com/article/231/detail/63.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "sold for performances; price not published" }, "components": { "actuators": "Not itemised; maker cites 150 A peak current, 12 kW peak power and a 0.218 kW/kg power-to-weight ratio. DoF not published for A3 (the A3 Ultra has 51 active DoF).", "hands": "Not described.", "sensors": "Shoulder touch sensing and a 360-degree multi-array microphone system; UWB positioning (about ±10 cm single-unit accuracy). Cameras not listed.", "compute": "Not published for A3 (A3 Ultra uses NVIDIA Thor).", "battery": "Two hot-swappable packs, 1,152 Wh total with full-tab cells; up to 10 hours; swap in about 10 seconds for round-the-clock shows (maker).", "materials": "Magnesium alloy, titanium alloy and flexible TPU; 173 cm, 55 kg. Maker says it passed 92 automotive-grade tests with a design life of up to 3 years.", "software": "LinkCraft no-code motion creation, LinkSoul character/personality engine, open interfaces for secondary development; fleet control for 100+ units in sync.", "other": "Dual 5G modules with eSIM and physical SIM. Foldable packaging; one person can deploy it and it fits in an SUV.", "sources": [ "hs-b919550e3b", "hs-34ced90db2", "hs-450fe037bb", "hs-85e6f82581" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Sold for commercial performances, entertainment and education; price not published.", "where": "China (AgiBot, Shanghai)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-07-18", "title": "Heavier A3 Ultra follows at WAIC 2026", "summary": "AgiBot launched the 1.74 m, 60 kg A3 Ultra with 51 active DoF, NVIDIA Thor and up to 8 hours of operation.", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.agibot.com/article/231/detail/85.html" }, { "date": "2026-04-17", "title": "AgiBot unveils A3 stage humanoid", "summary": "At its 2026 partner conference AgiBot introduced the A3 performance humanoid with 10-second battery swaps and 100-robot swarm shows.", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.agibot.com/article/231/detail/63.html" } ], "video": { "id": "L-JmM5PXCjU", "title": "AGIBOT A3 Ultra is moving from mass production into real-world deployment.", "channel": "AGIBOT (@AGIBOTofficial)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/agibot-a3-2026.jpg", "author": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.agibot.com/products/A3", "page": "https://www.agibot.com/products/A3", "kind": "maker", "w": 620, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "robotis-ai-sapiens-2026", "name": "AI Sapiens (K0)", "maker": "ROBOTIS", "makerId": "robotis", "country": "South Korea", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-04-19", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "education" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 130, "weightKg": 34, "dof": 23, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "ROBOTIS's open-source walking humanoid for physical-AI research, built on the company's own Dynamixel Q quasi-direct-drive actuators so that policies trained in simulation or by imitation can run on real hardware. The first model, K0, is 1.3 m tall, weighs 34 kg and has 23 joints across head, arms, waist and legs; its CAD, bill of materials and code are published.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-6df8045f70", "hs-0d23a2a448", "hs-52ac9998d8" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-04-19", "event": "ROBOTIS introduction video published (US Pacific date)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eFRftVHCwUs" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Listed as a ROBOTIS product with full spec tables; no public price found." }, "components": { "actuators": "23 DoF (5 per arm, 6 per leg, 1 waist) driven by ROBOTIS's in-house DYNAMIXEL-Q quasi-direct-drive actuators: 14 QM-060 and 9 QM-080, with 12:1, 16:1 or 20:1 reductions.", "hands": "3 kg maximum arm payload; hand not specified for K0.", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16GB (up to 100 sparse INT8 TOPS).", "battery": "46.8 V, 9000 mAh.", "materials": "1.3 m, 34 kg (K0 model); open-source 3D-printable head and body covers.", "software": "Reinforcement learning in NVIDIA Isaac Sim and a leader-follower imitation-learning pipeline; hardware BOM, CAD, code and sim assets released as open source in stages.", "other": "Wi-Fi 5, Bluetooth 5.0, 2 Ethernet ports, 24 V and 12 V power outputs.", "sources": [ "hs-6df8045f70", "hs-0d23a2a448" ] }, "production": { "where": "South Korea (ROBOTIS)", "customers": "Research and education users" }, "video": { "id": "eFRftVHCwUs", "title": "ROBOTIS HUMANOID AI Sapiens", "channel": "ROBOTIS" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/robotis-ai-sapiens-2026.jpg", "author": "ROBOTIS", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.robotis.com/en/product/ecosystem-aisapiens.php", "page": "https://www.robotis.com/en/product/ecosystem-aisapiens.php", "kind": "maker", "w": 600, "h": 666 } }, { "id": "honor-lightning-2026", "name": "Lightning (Shandian / Flash)", "maker": "Honor", "makerId": "honor", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-04-19", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 169, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Won the 2026 Beijing humanoid half marathon autonomously in 50:26, faster than the human world record (57:20).", "deployments": null, "summary": "A running-focused humanoid from the smartphone maker, with legs about 90-95 cm long and phone-derived liquid cooling. Honor has not published full specs.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-61ab8486c4", "hs-aa83d0e0d6", "hs-10489dc266" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-04-19", "event": "Beijing E-Town Humanoid Robot Half Marathon 2026", "url": "https://pbs.org/newshour/world/humanoid-robot-wins-beijing-half-marathon-defeating-the-human-world-record" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "not for sale" }, "components": { "actuators": "Four lower-limb drive motors, each with its own liquid-cooling circuit (Spectrum).", "other": "Leg length about 95 cm, modelled on elite runners; in-house liquid cooling with a pump moving over 4 litres per minute. Honor has not published full specs.", "sources": [ "hs-61ab8486c4", "hs-10489dc266", "hs-aa83d0e0d6", "hs-c8d160552e" ] }, "production": { "built": "Competition prototype; not for sale." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-08-22", "title": "Lightning runs 9.47 s in 100 m heat", "summary": "Second behind Tiangong Ultra at the World Humanoid Robot Games.", "publisher": "Khaleej Times", "url": "https://www.khaleejtimes.com/business/tech/chinese-robot-tiangong-ultra-beats-usain-bolt-100m-world-record-beijing-games" }, { "date": "2026-04-19", "title": "Honor's Lightning wins Beijing half marathon in 50:26", "summary": "Autonomous robot beat the human record; Honor says its cooling tech may go into industry.", "publisher": "PBS NewsHour", "url": "https://pbs.org/newshour/world/humanoid-robot-wins-beijing-half-marathon-defeating-the-human-world-record" } ], "buyNone": "Marathon research robot; not for sale.", "video": { "id": "kGkA4s0Wbx4", "title": "Humanoid robots outrun humans in Beijing half-marathon | Reuters", "channel": "Reuters" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/honor-lightning-2026.jpg", "author": "Honor", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www-file.honor.com/content/dam/honor/cn/activity/2026/honor-robot/imgs/0626/cn-img-2.png", "page": "https://www-file.honor.com/content/dam/honor/cn/activity/2026/honor-robot/imgs/0626/cn-img-2.png", "kind": "maker", "w": 816, "h": 982 }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/honor.png", "author": "HONOR", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Honor_Logo_(2020).svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Honor_Logo_(2020).svg", "article": "File:Honor Logo (2020).svg" } }, { "id": "kinetix-ai-kai-2026", "name": "KAI (KaiBot)", "maker": "Kinetix AI", "makerId": "kinetix-ai", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-04-26", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "retail", "home" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 173, "weightKg": 70, "dof": 115, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 3, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "Its maker claims 115 degrees of freedom, the most of any humanoid, largely from two 36-DoF hands; this claim is not independently checked.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A full-size humanoid from a Shenzhen startup, built around very dexterous hands (22 driven and 14 passive joints each) and a tactile skin with about 18,000 sensing points. The company aims it at service work such as retail, concierge and home help, and says both arms together lift close to 20 kg.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-d05d3b09a9", "hs-4a5b81f3dc", "hs-0572657251", "hs-f168e60cea" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-04-26", "event": "GIFTED launch event, Shenzhen", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/kinetix-ai-unveils-kai-a-115-dof-humanoid-aiming-for-physical-intelligence" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "no price or delivery date published" }, "components": { "actuators": "115 DoF overall with custom compliant actuators; near 20 kg dual-arm payload.", "hands": "36-DoF hands (22 active, 14 passive compliant joints).", "sensors": "Full-body tactile skin with 18,000 sensing points detecting 0.1 N.", "battery": "1.7 kWh semi-solid-state battery, about 3 hours of dual-arm work.", "materials": "173 cm, 70 kg (KaiBot body).", "software": "Kinetix world-model system with action and evaluation modules; first-person human data captured with the head-worn KAI Halo; three-stage training.", "sources": [ "hs-0572657251", "hs-d05d3b09a9", "hs-4a5b81f3dc", "hs-5b5157a7e3" ] }, "production": { "where": "Shenzhen, China", "customers": "Targets homes, factories and shops (none named)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-05-03", "title": "Science and Technology Daily covers KAI launch", "summary": "The paper details the 173 cm, 70 kg KaiBot body and Kinetix's three technology pillars.", "publisher": "Science and Technology Daily", "url": "https://www.stdaily.com/web/gdxw/2026-05/03/content_511543.html" }, { "date": "2026-04-29", "title": "Kinetix AI unveils 115-DoF KAI", "summary": "Gasgoo reports the launch, noting Kinetix is an angel-round portfolio company of Bluebird Intelligent Control.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/kinetix-ai-unveils-115-degrees-of-freedom-full-size-humanoid-robot-kai-2049496172098633729" }, { "date": "2026-04-27", "title": "KAI debuts at GIFTED event", "summary": "Humanoids Daily covers the 26 April launch with 36-DoF hands and tactile skin.", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/kinetix-ai-unveils-kai-a-115-dof-humanoid-aiming-for-physical-intelligence" } ], "video": { "id": "Nr4-8ADt2e0", "title": "GIFTED ｜Introducing KAI: the world’s highest-DOF humanoid robot", "channel": "Kai_Robotics (Kinetix AI official)" } }, { "id": "unitree-dual-arm-humanoid-2026", "name": "Unitree Dual-Arm Humanoid (R1-A5 / R1-A7 / R1-A5-D / R1-A7-D)", "maker": "Unitree Robotics", "makerId": "unitree", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-04-30", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial", "education", "research", "retail" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 160, "weightKg": 32, "dof": 22, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 4, "batteryHours": 1.5, "priceUsd": 4290, "priceNote": "from $4,290 (Unitree); 26,900 yuan in China; per-version prices not published", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "An upper-body humanoid with a 2-DoF camera head, a rotating waist and two 5- or 7-DoF arms, sold on a fixed stand or on a lifting mobile base (D versions, 160 cm when raised). Specs here are for the largest R1-A7-D (22 DoF, 32 kg); grippers or three- or five-finger hands are options.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-5b7f706daa", "hs-a772d3e244" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-04-30", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/unitree-dual-arm-humanoid-2026.jpg", "author": "Unitree Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.unitree.com/R1-D", "page": "https://www.unitree.com/R1-D", "kind": "maker", "w": 976, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "nori-robotics-nori-a3-2026", "name": "Nori A3", "maker": "Nori Robotics", "makerId": "nori", "country": "United States", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-05-15", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "home", "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": 20.4, "dof": 19, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 1.5, "batteryHours": 8, "priceUsd": 1688, "priceNote": "$1,688 assembled, no deposit.", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Priced at $1,688, far below other two-armed mobile robots with a head.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A low-cost home robot with a camera head and two 7-DoF arms with grippers on a telescoping column over a small mobile base, assembled in San Francisco. Each arm lifts 1.5 kg and the battery lasts 6-8 hours; it is closer to a mobile manipulator than a full humanoid.", "specSource": "paper", "sources": [ "hs-4fde6aec2a", "hs-28bd1f2d8f", "hs-2a14b67916" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-05-15", "event": "arXiv paper describing the A3", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.16537" }, "released": { "date": "2026-07", "note": "Shipping to customers since July 2026 per the revised arXiv paper; further batches through late 2026" }, "components": { "actuators": "Commodity Feetech STS3215 serial-bus servos in the arms, chosen joint by joint; a two-tier thermal interlock guards against servo burn-out under stall; a three-stage telescoping linear column (imported linear drives) lifts the head and arms from 69 cm to 145 cm and is rated to lift 55 kg. 19 DoF in total.", "hands": "Two 55 cm arms with 7+1 DoF each (7 joints plus a gripper), 1.5 kg payload per arm; 3D-printed TPU gripper fingers; no force/torque sensors, grip force is estimated from servo current.", "sensors": "Four 720p RGB cameras (up to 30 fps) on the grippers, head and neck; lidar with 12 m range at 8-12 Hz; pan-tilt sensor head; microphone and speaker for spoken commands.", "compute": "Raspberry Pi 5 (4 GB); the maker says it rejected an NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano for cost and battery reasons.", "battery": "Rated 6-8 hours of runtime; capacity not published.", "materials": "45 x 45 cm wheeled base; 20.4 kg total; 3D-printed TPU finger pads.", "software": "Open-source Python SDK (v1.1.0, Apache-2.0) with Cartesian end-effector control and a ROS 2 gateway; imitation learning with Action Chunking with Transformers (ACT); data recording built on Hugging Face tooling; Nori Lab laptop app to train and run skills and a Skills Marketplace for sharing them. Humanoids Daily reported on-robot perception and autonomous navigation were still unproven in September 2026.", "other": "Target chores: kitchen help, tidying, fetching from the fridge, loading dishes, folding clothes. Predecessor L2 (Nori Bot v1) had 17 DoF on an IKEA cart frame with a Raspberry Pi 4 and a reported parts cost near $947.", "sources": [ "hs-4fde6aec2a", "hs-28bd1f2d8f", "hs-2a14b67916" ] }, "production": { "built": "Initial production batches delivered; further shipments scheduled through late 2026", "sold": "Shipping to customers since July 2026 per the arXiv paper; unit numbers not published", "where": "Assembled in San Francisco from imported servos and linear drives" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-01", "title": "Nori launches $1,688 two-armed home robot", "summary": "Humanoids Daily reviewed the Nori A3, a 19-DoF wheeled bimanual robot built on hobby servos and a Raspberry Pi 5, noting early batches had shipped while autonomy remained limited.", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/the-1-688-appliance-bet-nori-robotics-launches-wheeled-bimanual-manipulator" }, { "date": "2026-08-22", "title": "Revised Nori A3 paper says robot ships", "summary": "A revised arXiv paper describes the A3 hardware and says units have shipped to customers since July 2026.", "publisher": "arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.16537" }, { "date": "2026-05-15", "title": "Nori A3 design paper posted", "summary": "Antonio Li posted a paper describing a 19-DoF mobile manipulator sold assembled for $1,688, with parts costing about a fifth of the cheapest comparable research platform.", "publisher": "arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.16537" } ], "availability": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "regions": "Maker is US-based and assembles in San Francisco; no shipping countries stated", "how": "Pre-order on the maker's site, paid in full with no deposit; shipping planned for fall 2026", "support": "Discord community; no warranty or return terms stated", "source": "https://www.norirobotics.com/preorder" }, "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "open", "how": "Apache-2.0 Python SDK for teleoperation, action and pose control, with a mock robot mode and an open protocol spec; the maker's pre-order page also lists a developer beta", "note": "The SDK readme says navigation and LiDAR/IMU streams are not yet confirmed on hardware.", "sdkUrl": "https://github.com/Nori-Robotics/nori-sdk-py", "source": "https://www.norirobotics.com/preorder" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/nori-robotics-nori-a3-2026.jpg", "author": "Nori Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.norirobotics.com/", "page": "https://www.norirobotics.com/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 562 } }, { "id": "elite-robots-centaur-g1-2026", "name": "Centaur-G1", "maker": "Elite Robots", "makerId": "elite-robots", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-05-21", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 10, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "First deployments target optical-module production and AI-infrastructure work (2026).", "summary": "A wheeled humanoid from cobot maker Elite Robots, with an omnidirectional base, a head-mounted depth camera and two 7-joint arms rated 5 kg each (10 kg together), aimed at precision tasks such as fibre insertion and optical-module assembly. Shown at WAIC 2026.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-5d50c0e9b5" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-05-21", "event": "Global launch in Hangzhou (before its WAIC 2026 showing in July)", "url": "https://m.tech.china.com/hea/articles/20260521/202605211874954.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "productized May 2026; no public price" }, "components": { "actuators": "Elite's own integrated joint modules (details not published); omnidirectional wheeled chassis.", "hands": "Two redundant 7-DoF arms, 5 kg each (10 kg together), repeatability ±0.1 mm; six-axis force/torque sensors at the end effectors; end-effector type not specified.", "sensors": "Head RGB-D camera, binocular macro cameras on the wrists, six-axis force/torque sensors at the wrists, lidar for localisation and navigation; maker claims recognition of known objects within 0.3 s and unknown objects within 1 s.", "software": "Elite's self-developed 'Primo' (元启) industrial embodied-AI platform (formerly ELITE PAI): a vision-language-action architecture with force feedback, natural-language task breakdown, few-shot learning from human demonstrations, semantic 3D mapping and long-horizon planning.", "other": "Station-stop accuracy of ±0.01 m with adaptive path planning. Target uses: optical-module assembly (optical coupling, fibre insertion), optical-module defect inspection and server-room inspection, plus smartphone-factory logistics, lab pipetting, retail and home cleaning.", "sources": [ "hs-5d50c0e9b5" ] }, "production": { "built": "Maker said the robot reached productisation in May 2026", "customers": "Joint labs with several unnamed optical-module makers" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-05-21", "title": "Elite Robots launches Centaur-G1 in Hangzhou", "summary": "The cobot maker launched its first wheeled humanoid and renamed its industrial embodied-AI platform Primo, targeting precision optical-module work.", "publisher": "China.com Tech", "url": "https://m.tech.china.com/hea/articles/20260521/202605211874954.html" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/elite-robots-centaur-g1-2026.jpg", "author": "Elite Robots (艾利特智能机器人股份有限公司)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.elibot.com/product/wheeled", "page": "https://www.elibot.com/product/wheeled", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 570 } }, { "id": "ubtech-walker-c1-2026", "name": "Walker C1", "maker": "UBTECH Robotics", "makerId": "ubtech", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-05-22", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "social", "retail" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "UBTECH's newer full-size commercial service humanoid for public places such as hotels, airports and exhibition halls, doing reception, tour guiding and shopping help in several languages. It debuted dancing a waltz and Swan Lake ballet steps with human dancers; UBTECH has not published its specifications.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-ac5cd0dad2", "hs-07b17bcfc0", "hs-ae5d8a7f34" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-05-22", "event": "China International Supply Chain Expo 2026, Beijing (ballet and waltz debut)", "url": "https://www.boerse-express.com/news/articles/ubtech-walker-c1-debuetiert-auf-supply-chain-expo-908344" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "listed on UBTECH's commercial product pages; no price or delivery date published" }, "components": { "sensors": "Origin of Bots reported RGB, depth and structured-light 3D cameras, force sensors, IMU, joint encoders and a microphone array; UBTECH's page cites omnidirectional perception for safety.", "software": "UBTECH's page cites a multimodal engine on its AI models with a built-in world model, a motion library with customisable moves, standard interfaces and a full SDK. Press compared it with the earlier Walker C (UBTECH embodied interactive model, multilingual, U-SLAM navigation).", "other": "Reported at 165 cm, about 50 kg and 26 DoF (Tech in Asia via AIToolly; Origin of Bots); UBTECH's page lists no numbers. Modular build; uses listed: multilingual reception, tour guiding, shopping help, events, patrol and traffic assistance, teaching. Debuted at the China International Supply Chain Expo 2026 in Beijing dancing a waltz and Swan Lake steps, billed as UBTECH's first 'silicon spokesperson'.", "sources": [ "hs-ac5cd0dad2", "hs-07b17bcfc0", "hs-ae5d8a7f34", "hs-505bb96241", "hs-e1aa2f2916" ] }, "production": { "built": "UBTECH's page claims mass-production capacity and rapid delivery; no unit figures", "customers": "None named for the C1" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-06-11", "title": "Walker C1 profiled as a service humanoid", "summary": "Origin of Bots reported the C1 at 165 cm and about 50 kg, built for reception, guidance and indoor interaction.", "publisher": "Origin of Bots", "url": "https://www.originofbots.com/news/ubtechs-walker-c1-steps-into-the-public-eye-as-a-service-humanoid-built-for-human-facing-spaces" }, { "date": "2026-05-24", "title": "Walker C1 dances ballet at Chain Expo", "summary": "Interesting Engineering reported the new service humanoid's debut waltz and Swan Lake routine with human dancers, noting UBTECH had not released specs.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://www.interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/chinese-humanoid-robot-stuns-with-ballet" }, { "date": "2026-05-23", "title": "UBTECH shares rise as Walker C1 debuts", "summary": "A German market report tied the C1's trade-fair debut to a nearly 10% rise in UBTECH shares and higher analyst revenue forecasts.", "publisher": "Börse Express", "url": "https://www.boerse-express.com/news/articles/ubtech-walker-c1-debuetiert-auf-supply-chain-expo-908344" } ], "availability": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "how": "No store, distributor or order page listed; the page invites visitors to reach out or become a partner through its contact form", "support": "Support section, downloads centre, brochure and a weekday support phone line on the maker's site; no warranty terms stated", "note": "The page names no sales regions; its country list is only a contact-form dropdown.", "source": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/humanoid/products/walker-c1/" }, "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "none-found", "how": "The page says an SDK allows customization but links no SDK download or documentation for Walker C1", "note": "No SDK, API or developer pages for Walker C1 found on the maker's site when checked; a Yanshee developer link is shown but not tied to this robot.", "source": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/humanoid/products/walker-c1/" }, "video": { "id": "xQcSzHbYjtI", "title": "UBTECH Walker C1: When humanoid robot meets elegance", "channel": "UBTECH Robotics", "display": true } }, { "id": "rotaku-domo-2026", "name": "Domo", "maker": "Rotaku", "makerId": "rotaku", "country": "United States", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-05-24", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "education" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 130, "weightKg": 35, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 2999, "priceNote": "Domo Basic $2,999; Domo Developer (90 cm) $3,998; Domo Plus Developer (130 cm, the model whose figures are used) $9,899.", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A small, low-cost humanoid from a Silicon Valley startup sold as a hands-on development platform, with SDK, simulation and teleoperation tools. The Developer model is about 90 cm and 20 kg; the larger Plus Developer (figures used here) is about 130 cm and 35 kg.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-7fe232daa4" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-05-24", "event": "Reservations opened (Robotics 24/7 report)", "url": "https://www.robotics247.com/article/rotaku-opens-reservations-for-domo-humanoid-robot-platform-with-an-under-3k-price-tag" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "reservations only; ship date not stated" }, "components": { "hands": "Dexterous hands are offered as an optional add-on; no hand specifications published.", "sensors": "Lidar navigation is an optional add-on; other sensors not published.", "compute": "AI compute upgrades offered as add-ons; base chips not published.", "battery": "Extra battery packs offered as add-ons; capacity and runtime not published.", "software": "Developer tiers add an SDK, URDF files, simulation workflows and whole-body policy-training tools for teleoperation, manipulation, motion control and sim-to-real testing; teleoperation kits and policy-training support are optional.", "other": "Three tiers: Domo Basic ($2,999, entry-level education and interaction), Domo Developer ($3,998, about 90 cm and 20 kg) and Domo Plus Developer ($9,899, about 130 cm and 35 kg, aimed at full-body control and locomotion research). Positioned as a development platform rather than a finished deployment robot.", "sources": [ "hs-7fe232daa4" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Reservations opened May 2026; no shipment figures published", "where": "Not disclosed (company based in Silicon Valley)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-05-24", "title": "Rotaku opens Domo reservations from $2,999", "summary": "The Silicon Valley startup opened reservations for three Domo tiers priced from $2,999 to $9,899, pitching them as low-cost platforms for teams moving from simulation to real hardware.", "publisher": "Robotics 24/7", "url": "https://www.robotics247.com/article/rotaku-opens-reservations-for-domo-humanoid-robot-platform-with-an-under-3k-price-tag" } ] }, { "id": "limx-dynamics-luna-2026", "name": "LimX Luna", "maker": "LimX Dynamics", "makerId": "limx-dynamics", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-05-26", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "entertainment", "retail" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 160, "weightKg": null, "dof": 27, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 4, "priceUsd": 43000, "priceNote": "RMB 298,000 in China at launch (RMB 40,000 off for the first 100 buyers); about USD 43,000 as converted by press; overseas price not announced", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A 1.6 m fabric-covered 'interactive' humanoid built for performances and brand events in malls, theme parks and exhibitions, able to do runway walks, spins and full splits; up to 4 hours per charge or tethered power for all-day use. DoF excludes end effectors.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-401aa3aed8", "hs-095858ad2b" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-05-26", "event": "LimX Dynamics launch; global pre-orders opened the same day", "url": "https://www.limxdynamics.com/en/news/BK000062" }, "released": { "date": "2026-05-26", "note": "pre-orders opened at launch" }, "components": { "actuators": "27 active DoF (6 per leg, 5 per arm, 3 waist, 2 neck listed); upgraded joint motors with peak torque of 200 N·m on the strongest joint; joint surface temperature cut 30% versus the previous generation (maker).", "hands": "Humanoid (palm) hand or fist-shaped hand as standard; optional 5-finger hand with 6 DoF. About 3 kg payload per arm.", "sensors": "Self-developed 6-axis IMU and an RGB camera; microphone, speaker, facial interaction screen and LED strip (maker spec sheet).", "compute": "Two Rockchip RK3588 boards: one for motion control (16 GB RAM, 256 GB) and one for perception (8 GB, 32 GB).", "battery": "Two slide-out battery modules, 10,000 mAh; about 4 hours; about 1-hour charge or swap; charger 58.8 V 10 A; can also run on tethered power for all-day use (maker).", "materials": "Fabric (textile) covered body with an exclusive skin; 56 kg with battery per spec sheet (Mike Kalil reported 54 kg).", "software": "System 0 motion foundation model; LimX Studio cloud platform (subscription) for video imitation, hand-guided teaching, choreography, AI tasks from natural language and group control; LimX UP app; COSA; 20 dance routines; OTA.", "other": "Wi-Fi 6 and Bluetooth; walks up to 5 km/h; millisecond sync of 200+ units; four-layer safety (external force detection, fall mitigation, action override, hardware and multi-device e-stop).", "sources": [ "hs-401aa3aed8", "hs-6d9904f0a5", "hs-e6b93543cb", "hs-095858ad2b" ] }, "production": { "sold": "RMB 298,000 in China (RMB 40,000 off for first 100 buyers); about USD 43,000 per Mike Kalil; global pre-orders opened 26 May 2026; overseas price not announced.", "where": "China (LimX Dynamics, Shenzhen)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-05-26", "title": "LimX launches Luna performance humanoid", "summary": "LimX opened global pre-orders for the fabric-covered 1.6 m Luna, priced at RMB 298,000 in China.", "publisher": "LimX Dynamics", "url": "https://www.limxdynamics.com/en/news/BK000062" }, { "date": "2026-05-25", "title": "Luna pitched as stage-ready version of Oli", "summary": "Reporting described Luna as a feminised take on LimX's Oli built for public-facing shows and swarms of 200 robots.", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/limx-luna-ubtech-walker-c1/" } ], "video": { "id": "-lgo5xqgVko", "title": "Meet LimX Luna—Our Next-Gen Full-Size Interactive Humanoid Robot.", "channel": "LimX Dynamics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/limx-dynamics-luna-2026.jpg", "author": "LimX Dynamics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.limxdynamics.com/en/products/luna", "page": "https://www.limxdynamics.com/en/products/luna", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "jaka-pi-2026", "name": "JAKA Pi (JAKA π)", "maker": "JAKA Robotics (节卡机器人)", "makerId": "jaka", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-06", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "education", "research", "retail", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 122, "weightKg": 42, "dof": 27, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 3, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A compact 1.22 m, 42 kg walking humanoid with 27 degrees of freedom and new joint modules 15-27% smaller than JAKA's earlier ones, aimed at education, retail and entertainment. Payload is per arm; knee torque reaches 120 Nm.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-d25590984c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-06", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/jaka-pi-2026.jpg", "author": "JAKA Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.jaka.com/zh/productDetails/JAKA_%CF%80", "page": "https://www.jaka.com/zh/productDetails/JAKA_%CF%80", "kind": "maker", "w": 647, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "vindynamics-dyno-2026", "name": "Dyno", "maker": "VinDynamics (Vingroup)", "makerId": "vindynamics", "country": "Vietnam", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-06-01", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "home", "retail" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Piloted as a multilingual guide at Vinpearl Safari Phu Quoc before its June 2026 debut, and worked as a guide robot at ICRA 2026 (Vienna) and Computex 2026 (Taipei).", "summary": "First humanoid from VinDynamics, a Vingroup company founded in September 2025, aimed at security and patrol work in urban and commercial spaces and later household help. Press photos show a real unit with a screen-face head, two arms and a fingered hand; the base is not described in the text, and legs are listed from the hip joints visible in the pilot photo. No specs were published.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-160523b4f6", "hs-d6ba18d9d4" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-06-01", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/vindynamics-dyno-2026.jpg", "author": "VinDynamics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://vingroup.net/en/news/detail/6948/vindynamics-lan-dau-ra-mat-robot-hinh-nguoi-tai-hai-su-kien-cong-nghe-hang-dau-the-gioi", "page": "https://vingroup.net/en/news/detail/6948/vindynamics-lan-dau-ra-mat-robot-hinh-nguoi-tai-hai-su-kien-cong-nghe-hang-dau-the-gioi", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 667 } }, { "id": "unitree-h2-plus-2026", "name": "Unitree H2 Plus (NVIDIA Isaac GR00T Reference Humanoid)", "maker": "Unitree Robotics with NVIDIA", "makerId": "unitree", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-06-01", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 182, "weightKg": 70, "dof": 75, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 7, "batteryHours": 3, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A research version of Unitree's H2 fitted with two Sharpa tactile five-finger hands (22 DoF each) and NVIDIA Jetson AGX Thor, sold as NVIDIA's open reference humanoid for academic work. DoF counts body and hands (31 joint motors); payload is rated per arm, peak about 15 kg.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-b6193a4a8c", "hs-661b50bf94", "hs-98426ca7b1" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-06-01", "event": "Unitree announcement; presented by NVIDIA at GTC Taipei on 11 June 2026", "url": "https://www.unitree.com/news/40" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "availability expected late 2026" }, "components": { "actuators": "31 joint motors (6 per leg, 7 per arm, 3 waist, 2 head): low-inertia, high-speed inner-rotor permanent-magnet synchronous motors with industrial crossed-roller bearings; peak torque 120 N·m (arms) and 360 N·m (legs) (maker).", "hands": "Two Sharpa Wave five-finger tactile hands, 22 active DoF each; 1.3 kg; 150 N grip, 20 N fingertip force; over 1,000 tactile pixels per fingertip (0.005 N sensitivity). Arm payload 7 kg rated, 15 kg peak.", "sensors": "Head stereo camera (140 x 102 degree FOV, global shutter), optional 3 MP wrist cameras, IMU, microphone array and speakers. No LiDAR listed.", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson Thor T5000 (2,070 TFLOPS FP4, 14-core Arm Neoverse-V3AE, 128 GB) plus Intel Core i5 (platform) and Core i7 (user development) computers.", "battery": "15 Ah, 0.972 kWh quick-release smart battery, 75.6 V max; about 3 hours (maker).", "materials": "Aerospace-grade aluminium, titanium alloy and high-strength engineering plastics; 1.82 m, about 70 kg.", "software": "NVIDIA Isaac stack: GR00T open foundation models, Isaac Sim, Isaac Lab, Isaac Teleop and Isaac ROS; OTA updates and secondary development.", "other": "Ethernet, Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5.2, GMSL camera ports; air-cooled; 12-month warranty.", "sources": [ "hs-b6193a4a8c", "hs-98426ca7b1" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Expected from Unitree in late 2026; price not published.", "where": "China (Unitree, Hangzhou)", "customers": "Early users named by NVIDIA: Ai2, ETH Zurich, Stanford Robotics Center and UC San Diego's Advanced Robotics and Controls Lab." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-06-11", "title": "NVIDIA names H2 Plus its open reference humanoid", "summary": "At GTC Taipei NVIDIA presented the Unitree-built humanoid with Sharpa hands and Jetson Thor as an open research platform due late 2026.", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2026/06/11/nvidia-unveils-open-humanoid-robot-platform-for-robotics-research/102480/" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/unitree-h2-plus-2026.jpg", "author": "Unitree Robotics with NVIDIA", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.unitree.com/images/0b9a2b0f727b48b2a5030689cc0f8f0a_3840x3760.jpg", "page": "https://www.unitree.com/images/0b9a2b0f727b48b2a5030689cc0f8f0a_3840x3760.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 979 } }, { "id": "vinrobotics-vr-h3-2026", "name": "VR-H3", "maker": "VinRobotics (Vingroup)", "makerId": "vinrobotics", "country": "Vietnam", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-06-01", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "unknown", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 8, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Presented as a 'Make in Vietnam' humanoid, with its structure, electronics, battery and control software developed in-house by Vietnamese engineers.", "deployments": null, "summary": "VinRobotics' third-generation humanoid prototype, built for factory work such as carrying objects and assembly, with more than 31 actuators and two onboard computers; it lifts 6-8 kg (8 kg used here) and was teleoperated at ICRA through a VR headset. The maker has not published height, weight or whether it walks on legs.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-049fc30490", "hs-4ae745b9fb", "hs-1788db498d" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-06-01", "event": "ICRA 2026, Vienna (1-5 June), then Computex 2026, Taipei", "url": "https://vinrobotics.net/blog/vin-robotics-makes-global-debut-of-make-in-vietnam-humanoid-robot-at-leading-global-tech-events" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "prototype; no sale announced" }, "components": { "actuators": "More than 31 actuators; VinRobotics develops its own 'smart actuator' series in-house.", "hands": "Not specified for VR-H3; VinRobotics separately lists an in-house industrial hand prototype (Hand 3F-B).", "compute": "Two onboard edge computers for real-time control (chips not named).", "battery": "In-house battery system and battery management; capacity and runtime not published.", "software": "In-house whole-body AI control, real-time computing and communication E/E architecture and power distribution; teleoperation via a VR headset with built-in motion capture and no external trackers.", "other": "Lifts 6-8 kg; shown carrying objects and doing assembly. VinRobotics says it will gradually open-source some foundational technologies.", "sources": [ "hs-049fc30490", "hs-4ae745b9fb", "hs-1788db498d" ] }, "production": { "built": "Prototype (third in VinRobotics' high-end H series)", "sold": "not sold", "where": "Vietnam" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-06-04", "title": "Vietnam's VR-H3 shown at ICRA and Computex", "summary": "Interesting Engineering described the third-generation VinRobotics humanoid with over 31 actuators and two edge computers, aimed at industrial handling.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/vietnam-vr-h3-humanoid-robot-industrial-grade" }, { "date": "2026-06-03", "title": "VinRobotics makes global debut in Vienna and Taipei", "summary": "VinRobotics showed VR-H3 at ICRA 2026 in Vienna, teleoperated via a VR headset, and at Computex 2026 in Taipei.", "publisher": "VinRobotics", "url": "https://vinrobotics.net/blog/vin-robotics-makes-global-debut-of-make-in-vietnam-humanoid-robot-at-leading-global-tech-events" } ], "video": { "id": "kWcqeuO-utY", "title": "VR-H3.1 SUCCESSFULLY CONDUCTS TASK TRIALS IN A FACTORY ENVIRONMENT", "channel": "VinRobotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/vinrobotics-vr-h3-2026.jpg", "author": "VinRobotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://vinrobotics.net/blog/vin-robotics-officially-launches-the-vin-robotics-humanoid-platform-and-open-source-ecosystem", "page": "https://vinrobotics.net/blog/vin-robotics-officially-launches-the-vin-robotics-humanoid-platform-and-open-source-ecosystem", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 625 } }, { "id": "galaxea-kengo-2026", "name": "Kengo", "maker": "Galaxea Dynamics", "makerId": "galaxea-dynamics", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-06-02", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "industrial", "home" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 140, "weightKg": 40, "dof": 23, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 2, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "The maker's shop shows a placeholder $999,999 with 'order inquiry'; no real price published.", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Galaxea's first biped, after its wheeled R1 robots: about 1.4 m and 40 kg, with a curved screen for a face and two joint modules used across the whole body. The company shows it dancing, doing flips and cleaning in a home.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-bc036071d9", "hs-c915cab10b", "hs-8cba32ce31" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-06-02", "event": "Online launch announcement", "url": "https://www.ithome.com/0/958/651.htm" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "no price or ship date" }, "components": { "actuators": "Two standard joint-module types cover every joint; single-joint (knee) torque above 130 N·m; hollow modules rated for 200,000+ cable-bending cycles; 23+ DoF.", "hands": "Several dexterous-hand options shown (and boxing gloves in promo images); arm payload up to 2 kg.", "battery": "About 2 hours per charge (maker spec).", "materials": "Lightweight frame; three colour schemes; curved head screen with light contours. 1,396 x 440 x 225 mm, about 40 kg with battery.", "software": "Galaxea describes a motion 'cerebellum' plus embodied 'brain'; OTA updates and a handheld controller. Galaxea's wider stack includes its G0.5 VLA model and open dataset, but it does not say which runs on Kengo.", "sources": [ "hs-bc036071d9", "hs-c915cab10b", "hs-8cba32ce31" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Order inquiries only; no shipments reported", "where": "China" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-06-03", "title": "Galaxea unveils its first biped, Kengo", "summary": "Gasgoo reported the launch of Galaxea's first bipedal humanoid, built from two standard joint modules with over 130 N·m of joint torque.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/product-launch-galaxea-dynamics-unveils-bipedal-humanoid-robot-kengo-2062159428718252032" }, { "date": "2026-06-02", "title": "Kengo shown flipping and cleaning", "summary": "IT Home reported Galaxea's announcement, with video of flips, a kip-up and household cleaning.", "publisher": "IT Home", "url": "https://www.ithome.com/0/958/651.htm" } ], "video": { "id": "hNqvnJi5ziQ", "title": "Kengo won the championship! 🏆", "channel": "Galaxea (@Galaxea_youtube)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/galaxea-kengo-2026.jpg", "author": "Galaxea Dynamics (星海图)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://galaxea-dynamics.com/products/galaxea-kengo-proprietary-embodied-ai-bipedal-robot", "page": "https://galaxea-dynamics.com/products/galaxea-kengo-proprietary-embodied-ai-bipedal-robot", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "ubtech-uworld-u1-pro-2026", "name": "UWORLD U1 Pro", "maker": "UBTECH Robotics", "makerId": "ubtech", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-06-02", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "social", "care", "home", "retail" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 183, "weightKg": null, "dof": 88, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "UWORLD U1 series starts at 119,800 yuan (about $16,800); U1 Pro price not given separately. Earlier press expected about $30,000.", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "UBTECH said cumulative orders for the U1 series passed 13,361 units by the 30 June 2026 launch; overseas sales planned from 2027.", "summary": "The full-body, higher-performance model in UBTECH's consumer UWORLD U1 line of lifelike companion humanoids, with silicone skin, hair and an expressive face, meant for conversation and companionship rather than chores. Figures are for the series: 88 degrees of freedom, and male and female versions 183 cm and 168 cm tall (183 cm used here); it walks on flat indoor floors but is not built for stairs.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-76fa8bd15e", "hs-376ba020dd", "hs-66c36597d3" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-06-02", "event": "UWORLD U1 series pre-orders opened on JD.com (launch event 30 June, Shenzhen)", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/china-ubtech-humanoid-robot-companions" }, "released": { "date": "2026-09", "note": "First deliveries expected from mid-September 2026 (planned, not confirmed)" }, "components": { "actuators": "Biomimetic facial-expression actuation system with a proprietary controller (speech-to-lip-sync latency within 20 ms per UBTECH); dual-pivot biomimetic neck; 88 DoF across the series.", "materials": "Lifelike silicone skin and realistic hair.", "software": "Emotion-aware large language model for long-term companionship (UBTECH claims 20+ emotional states recognised), 'Agent Memory OS' long-term memory, a proactive-care engine for wake-word-free interaction, and a fast/slow 'brain' (500 ms intuitive layer plus large cloud models); local-first, encrypted storage of personal data. Owners customise appearance and personality but cannot program new behaviours.", "other": "Series has male (183 cm) and female (168 cm) versions. Three models: U1 Lite (half-body), U1 Pro (full-body, higher performance) and U1 Ultra (high-dynamic full-body). Walks on flat indoor floors, sits and stands; not built for chores or stairs.", "sources": [ "hs-76fa8bd15e", "hs-66c36597d3" ] }, "production": { "sold": "UBTECH reported over 13,361 cumulative series orders by 30 June 2026 (over 2,100 JD.com reservations in the first week from 2 June); first deliveries were expected from mid-September 2026", "where": "China (UBTECH, Shenzhen)", "customers": "Consumers via JD.com pre-orders; UBTECH plans to donate 100 units in 2026" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-06-30", "title": "UWORLD U1 series launched from 119,800 yuan", "summary": "UBTECH launched the U1 Lite, Pro and Ultra companion humanoids in Shenzhen, citing more than 13,000 cumulative orders.", "publisher": "PR Newswire via AAP", "url": "https://www.aap.com.au/aapreleases/cision20260630ae95566/" }, { "date": "2026-06-09", "title": "UBTECH opens pre-orders for lifelike companions", "summary": "Interesting Engineering reported JD.com pre-orders with a 3,000-yuan deposit, an expected price around $30,000 and deliveries from mid-September.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/china-ubtech-humanoid-robot-companions" } ], "video": { "id": "wdf3BORclRA", "title": "UWORLD Ultra-Bionic Humanoid Robot U1 Pro — Up Close at the Global Launch Event", "channel": "UBTECH Robotics", "display": true } }, { "id": "seres-xiao-sai-2026", "name": "Xiao Sai (小赛)", "maker": "Seres Group", "makerId": "seres", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-06-15", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "social", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "unknown", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "The AITO carmaker Seres's first humanoid robot.", "deployments": "Guided a celebrity tour of Seres's Longxing super factory in Chongqing in June 2026.", "summary": "Seres's first humanoid, shown in a June 2026 video greeting visitors by itself, talking with them and acting as a tour guide at its Chongqing factory. Seres said more embodied robots would follow in 2026; no specs were released.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-2d2c0a703e" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-06-15", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" } }, { "id": "faraday-future-ff-futurist-all-new-2026", "name": "FF Futurist (all-new)", "maker": "Faraday Future (FF EAI-Robotics)", "makerId": "faraday-future", "country": "United States", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-06-17", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "retail", "education", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "unknown", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 51, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 8, "priceUsd": 89900, "priceNote": "Standard $89,900 (incl. $10,000 skills package); Ultra with Jetson Thor $129,900 (incl. $15,000 skills package).", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A redesigned full-size Futurist with 51 active DoF (71 with an upgraded dexterous hand), a 1,152 Wh dual battery rated for about eight hours and, in the Ultra version, a 700 TOPS NVIDIA Jetson Thor computer. FF put it on sale at its September 2026 event.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-ffdac9ac83" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-06-17", "event": "FF EAI Robot World event where the all-new Futurist debuted (date from the Business Wire headline; page blocked)", "url": "https://www.chartmill.com/news/external/46939/bizwire-2026-6-17-faraday-future-unveils-full-form-eai-robot-world-spanning-six-product-series-launches-worlds-first-three-in-one-eai-robotics-education-ecosystem-strategy-and-debuts-all-new-futurist-humanoid-robot-and-fx-navi-priced-at-1990" }, "released": { "date": "2026-09-19", "note": "On sale and deliverable from FF's 919 event" }, "components": { "hands": "Advanced dexterous-hand upgrade raises the robot from 51 to 71 active DoF; hand design not otherwise described.", "compute": "Ultra version: NVIDIA Jetson Thor (700 TOPS as stated by FF); Standard version compute not stated.", "battery": "1,152 Wh dual-battery system, about 8 hours under standard working conditions, with autonomous charging.", "software": "FF describes a stack combining vision-language-action models, world models and task planning, sold with a bundled Skills Package ($10,000 Standard, $15,000 Ultra).", "other": "51 active DoF (71 with upgraded hands). Aimed at university research, embodied-AI development, enterprise services, sport and industry. Ordered via FF.com, Amazon or RobotShop.", "sources": [ "hs-ffdac9ac83" ] }, "production": { "sold": "On sale and deliverable from 19 Sept 2026; FF headlines claimed 817 robots of all types delivered cumulatively by early Oct 2026, model split not given", "where": "FF's filings say it relies on Chinese OEMs for its robotics products" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "title": "All-new Futurist goes on sale from $89,900", "summary": "At its 919 event FF put the redesigned Futurist on sale in Standard ($89,900) and Ultra ($129,900, Jetson Thor) versions, each with a skills package.", "publisher": "Business Wire via Finviz", "url": "https://finviz.com/news/393653/faraday-future-launches-four-industry-productivity-solutions-nine-new-eai-devices-at-its-919-event-building-its-one-brain-multi-form-multi-capability-ff-eai-robot-world-20-all-new-futurist-now-on-sale-and-master-mini-starts-at-9990" } ], "availability": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "how": "Maker's launch release says orders go through FF.com, Amazon and RobotShop, in Standard and Ultra editions, with rentals through its RoboShare service", "support": "The release mentions after-sales support only; no warranty or service terms stated", "note": "Read from the maker's launch release as syndicated on finviz; ff.com itself returned only a page title. No sales regions stated.", "source": "https://finviz.com/news/393653/faraday-future-launches-four-industry-productivity-solutions-nine-new-eai-devices-at-its-919-event-building-its-one-brain-multi-form-multi-capability-ff-eai-robot-world-20-all-new-futurist-now-on-sale-and-master-mini-starts-at-9990" }, "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "none-found", "how": "The launch release lists a unified SDK, ROS interfaces, simulation and digital twins inside a Research Solution package", "note": "No public SDK, API or developer pages found on the maker's site when checked; the SDK is described only in the launch release.", "source": "https://finviz.com/news/393653/faraday-future-launches-four-industry-productivity-solutions-nine-new-eai-devices-at-its-919-event-building-its-one-brain-multi-form-multi-capability-ff-eai-robot-world-20-all-new-futurist-now-on-sale-and-master-mini-starts-at-9990" }, "video": { "id": "0KZGgyrsUcU", "title": "919 FF EAI Robotics “Four-Core Full-Stack AI” Ecosystem New Product Series Launch", "channel": "Faraday Future" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/faraday-future-ff-futurist-all-new-2026.jpg", "author": "Faraday Future", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://robotics.ff.com/us/ff-futurist/", "page": "https://robotics.ff.com/us/ff-futurist/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 437 } }, { "id": "faraday-future-ff-master-mini-2026", "name": "FF Master Mini", "maker": "Faraday Future", "makerId": "faraday-future", "country": "United States", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-06-17", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "education", "entertainment", "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 95, "weightKg": 19.5, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 9990, "priceNote": "Master Mini $9,990 (48 TOPS); Pro $12,990 (117 TOPS); Ultra $17,990 (200 TOPS); each includes a skills package.", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Put on sale in September 2026 through FF.com, Amazon and RobotShop as the core of FF's K-12 education package.", "summary": "A roughly 95 cm, 19.5 kg humanoid from the US EV maker, aimed at classrooms, developers, stage shows and robot soccer. Three versions differ mainly in onboard computing (48, 117 and 200 TOPS). It is a separate, smaller model from the FF Master.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-ffdac9ac83", "hs-70b69b4048" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-06-17", "event": "Veiled first look at Faraday Future's robotics launch event", "url": "https://www.chartmill.com/news/external/46939/bizwire-2026-6-17-faraday-future-unveils-full-form-eai-robot-world-spanning-six-product-series-launches-worlds-first-three-in-one-eai-robotics-education-ecosystem-strategy-and-debuts-all-new-futurist-humanoid-robot-and-fx-navi-priced-at-1990" }, "released": { "date": "2026-09-19", "note": "On sale and deliverable from FF's 919 event" }, "components": { "compute": "Three versions by onboard compute: Master Mini 48 TOPS, Pro 117 TOPS, Ultra 200 TOPS (chips not named).", "software": "Open motion, perception and application interfaces for programming education, development, stage performance and robot soccer; each version ships with a skills package.", "other": "About 95 cm and 19.5 kg. FF bills it as North America's first compact embodied-AI humanoid under $10,000 combining education, development and competition.", "sources": [ "hs-ffdac9ac83" ] }, "production": { "sold": "On sale and deliverable from 19 Sept 2026 via FF.com, Amazon and RobotShop", "where": "FF says it relies on Chinese OEMs for its robots" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-19", "title": "FF Master Mini priced from $9,990", "summary": "Faraday Future launched the compact Master Mini in three compute tiers at $9,990, $12,990 and $17,990.", "publisher": "Business Wire via Finviz", "url": "https://finviz.com/news/393653/faraday-future-launches-four-industry-productivity-solutions-nine-new-eai-devices-at-its-919-event-building-its-one-brain-multi-form-multi-capability-ff-eai-robot-world-20-all-new-futurist-now-on-sale-and-master-mini-starts-at-9990" } ], "video": { "id": "WAAxXdYoMcA", "title": "FF Master Mini Just Launched", "channel": "Faraday Future" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/faraday-future-ff-master-mini-2026.jpg", "author": "Faraday Future Intelligent Electric Inc.", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://robotics.ff.com/us/ff-master-mini/", "page": "https://robotics.ff.com/us/ff-master-mini/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 486 } }, { "id": "akinrobotics-akinci-5-2026", "name": "AKINCI-5", "maker": "AkinRobotics (AkınSoft)", "makerId": "akinrobotics", "country": "Turkey", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-06-26", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Fifth generation of AkinRobotics' walking AKINCI humanoids from its Konya factory, teased in a company video on 26 Jun 2026. Development clips reported in Sep 2026 show it walking through the factory while avoiding objects and people, waving, lifting weights, squatting and chatting with AI support; the full launch and specifications were still pending as of Oct 2026.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-e8abee2f60", "hs-8904c32ff3", "hs-e236207a2f" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-06-26", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/akinrobotics-akinci-5-2026.jpg", "author": "AkinRobotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.konyayenigun.com/yeni-nesil-akinci-5-hareket-kabiliyetiyle-dikkat-cekiyor", "page": "https://www.konyayenigun.com/yeni-nesil-akinci-5-hareket-kabiliyetiyle-dikkat-cekiyor", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "apptronik-apollo-2-2026", "name": "Apollo 2", "maker": "Apptronik", "makerId": "apptronik", "country": "United States", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-06-30", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial", "research", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Fleets run at Apptronik's roughly 90,000 sq ft 'Robot Park' in Austin to gather training data for Google DeepMind's Gemini Robotics models (reported).", "summary": "Interim second-generation Apollo for scaled pilots and data collection, offered in bipedal and wheeled-base versions; the company points to an Apollo 3 for volume production around 2027. Details come mostly from secondary write-ups.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-bf806eb197" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-06-30", "event": "Public reveal alongside Austin Robot Park opening", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "pilots through 2026; production versions expected 2027+" }, "components": { "actuators": "Not published by Apptronik.", "hands": "Apptronik spec sheet not found).", "sensors": "Not published by Apptronik.", "compute": "Not published by Apptronik.", "battery": null, "software": "training data collected at Robot Park for Google DeepMind's Gemini Robotics models.", "other": "35 DoF total, 25 kg payload; Ethernet and Wi-Fi.", "sources": [ "hs-7773d8b063" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Not on open sale;", "where": "United States", "customers": "Mercedes-Benz, GXO Logistics, Jabil (partners named by Apptronik)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-06-30", "title": "Apptronik launches Apollo 2 with 'Robot Park' data facility", "summary": "Apptronik unveiled Apollo 2 in biped and wheeled configurations together with Robot Park, its data-collection and training facility, as one integrated strategy.", "publisher": "note (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/nf629fb961afe" }, { "date": "2026-02-11", "title": "Apptronik raises $520M extension", "summary": "Funds were earmarked to ramp production and debut a new robot in 2026.", "publisher": "Apptronik", "url": "https://apptronik.com/news-collection/apptronik-closes-over-935-million-series-a" } ], "buy": { "url": "https://apptronik.com/contact", "type": null, "label": "Get started (contact Apptronik)", "price": null, "regions": null, "checked": "2026-10-10", "affiliate": false }, "video": { "id": "iPyxwELiD9Q", "title": "Welcome to Robot Park, where Apptronik is building the future with Apollo 2", "channel": "Apptronik" } }, { "id": "yuequan-bionics-bowen-w-bot-2-2026", "name": "Bowen W-Bot 2.0", "maker": "Yuequan Bionics (Beijing Daqi Yuequan Bionic Technology)", "makerId": "yuequan-bionics", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-07", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "logistics", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled humanoid from a Beijing bionics start-up best known for tendon-style dexterous hands. It folds at hip, knee and ankle to reach from the floor up to 2.2 m from a chassis of only 0.238 square metres. Shown at WAIC 2026; height, weight and DoF not published.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-6c0ba7a867", "hs-52e00e2f3f" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-07", "event": "WAIC 2026, Shanghai (version 2.0; first W-Bot date not found)", "url": "https://eu.36kr.com/en/p/3899174356387718" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "no sales announced" }, "components": { "actuators": "Yuequan's own coreless motors (YQ Motors, seven sizes from 4 mm to 22 mm) and artificial-muscle modules based on Ren Lei's tension-compression bionic design; hip-knee-ankle triple fold lets it squat and stand.", "hands": "Uses Yuequan's own bionic dexterous hands (the company's Y-Hand M1 has 26 DoF and 200 N five-finger grip; Y-Hand M2 has 38 DoF); which hand ships on the W-Bot is not stated.", "other": "Chassis footprint 0.238 m²; working height from floor level to 2.2 m. Target uses: factory assembly, warehouse sorting, server-room inspection and exhibition reception.", "sources": [ "hs-6c0ba7a867", "hs-52e00e2f3f" ] }, "production": { "where": "Beijing; production base under construction in Changping", "customers": "Company reports over 100 million yuan in orders across its products, customers unnamed" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-07-21", "title": "Yuequan Bionics raises Pre-A+ round", "summary": "36Kr reported a Pre-A+ round worth hundreds of millions of yuan and described the folding W-Bot 2.0 wheeled humanoid.", "publisher": "36Kr", "url": "https://eu.36kr.com/en/p/3899174356387718" }, { "date": "2026-07-21", "title": "Yue Quan funding to expand capacity", "summary": "Gasgoo said the new funds will go to R&D and capacity, and listed the X-Bot biped and W-Bot wheeled humanoid.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/ICV/seeds-yue-quan-bionics-completes-hundreds-of-millions-of-yuan-pre-a-funding-round-2079581800832667649" } ], "video": { "id": "qYcmV-HEDKI", "title": "W-Bot The World’s Smallest Wheeled Humanoid Robot", "channel": "Yue Quan Bionics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/yuequan-bionics-bowen-w-bot-2-2026.jpg", "author": "Yuequan Bionics (Beijing Daqi Yuequan Bionic Technology)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://img.wanwang.xin/contents/sitefiles2073/10369357/images/176493527.png", "page": "https://img.wanwang.xin/contents/sitefiles2073/10369357/images/176493527.png", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "os3-hale-1-2026", "name": "HALE 1.0", "maker": "OS3", "makerId": "os3", "country": "United States", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-07", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "home", "industrial", "general-purpose", "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 22, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 14995, "priceNote": "Developer unit $14,995 to buy or $1,800/month to lease ($99 refundable deposit); business units from just under $10,000 in private beta; hospitality work sold from $2.50/hour (company figures)", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "OS3 says HALE 1.0 is folding towels in hotel laundries (deployments in California, Michigan and Texas, hotels not named) with shipments of developer units starting fall 2026.", "summary": "A semi-humanoid from a 2025 San Francisco startup (Y Combinator Summer 2026): two arms and a camera head on a telescoping torso over an omnidirectional wheeled base, with 22 degrees of freedom on in-house actuators. Its first job is autonomous towel folding in hotels; each arm is rated about 4 kg nominal payload (9 lb) per the company.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-7e0713d1b8", "hs-c977c0763e", "hs-749a47552a" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-07", "event": "YC launch video of autonomous towel folding (site labels it 'Launch Live YC, July 2026')", "url": "https://os3robotics.com" }, "released": { "date": "2026", "note": "Preorders open; developer-unit shipments planned for fall 2026" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/os3-hale-1-2026.jpg", "author": "OS3", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://os3robotics.com", "page": "https://os3robotics.com", "kind": "maker", "w": 477, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "daxiang-antai-lifelike-guide-humanoid-2026", "name": "Lifelike guide humanoid (仿真人形机器人)", "maker": "Shenzhen Daxiang Antai Technology (深圳大象安泰科技)", "makerId": "shenzhen-daxiang-antai", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-07", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "social", "retail", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": null, "dof": 31, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "none", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Exhibited at the China International Fair for Investment and Trade in Xiamen (Sep 2026, Securities Times); the maker sells it to museums and exhibition halls, but no named customer was found.", "summary": "A life-size (1.75 m) female android on a wheeled navigation base, built as a museum and exhibition guide: 15 facial motors for expressions and lip sync, 3-DoF neck, 3-DoF waist and two 5-DoF arms (31 DoF in all), with lidar SLAM, depth cameras and Doubao/Qwen language models.; The base carries a 30 Ah LiFePO4 battery and docks itself to charge", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-857cedf684", "hs-d8401e1d4c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-07", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" } }, { "id": "shanghai-electric-tuoyuan-2026", "name": "TUOYUAN (拓元)", "maker": "Shanghai Electric", "makerId": "shanghai", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-07", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled industrial humanoid that pairs an embodied-AI foundation model with hybrid force-position control for connector insertion, material sorting and loading automotive sheet-metal parts. Shown at WAIC 2026 in Shanghai beside the bipedal Suyuan 2.0; no dimensions were published.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-56c772eaf5", "hs-e251ff98ab" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-07", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" } }, { "id": "weave-robotics-isaac-1-2026", "name": "Isaac 1", "maker": "Weave Robotics", "makerId": "weave", "country": "United States", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-07-01", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "home" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 175, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 7999, "priceNote": "$7,999 upfront or $449/month subscription, $250 refundable deposit; deliveries from fall 2026 in California", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled home robot from YC-backed Weave with a rounded screen head with eyes, a fabric-covered torso with two arms on a telescoping column (about 0.9 to 1.75 m; 1.75 m used here as the maximum), sold for laundry and a nightly 'Daily Reset' tidy, completed autonomously with remote teleoperation help when needed. It follows Weave's stationary laundry folder Isaac 0.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-ab876c09ce", "hs-16f171889b", "hs-2a32a73ca1" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-07-01", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/weave-robotics-isaac-1-2026.jpg", "author": "Weave Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://weaverobotics.com/isaac-1", "page": "https://weaverobotics.com/isaac-1", "kind": "maker", "w": 438, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "uma-northstar-2026", "name": "Northstar (Prototype Version 0)", "maker": "UMA", "makerId": "uma", "country": "France", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-07-07", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A lightweight, human-scale prototype (called Northstar in Electrek; Version 0) designed and assembled in Paris over nine months by a startup led by former Tesla Optimus and Hugging Face LeRobot engineer Remi Cadene, with a blank light-up visor face and a swappable sensor garment, shown to journalists ahead of the Machina Summit. UMA says the first industrial version is wheeled, with a biped as the long-term goal; the launch video shows an exposed frame with articulated arms, claw-like grippers and a camera head.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-e2151fd457", "hs-45120d8386", "hs-d9005f2993" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-07-07", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" } }, { "id": "booster-t2-2026", "name": "Booster T2", "maker": "Booster Robotics", "makerId": "booster", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-07-13", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "education", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 140, "weightKg": 42, "dof": 31, "speedKmh": 10.8, "payloadKg": 10, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": 30000, "priceNote": "Booster does not publish a price; US distributor Robotics Center lists $30,000 plus shipping, on backorder", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Booster's flagship development humanoid, about 1.4 m and 42 kg with 31 joints (7 per arm, 6 per leg, 3 in the waist, 2 in the neck). It is sold as a platform for embodied-AI work, with an optional Nvidia Jetson Thor computer and a choice of grippers or dexterous hands.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-ec467e0689", "hs-037121f1c0" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-07-13", "event": "Official launch release", "url": "https://www.newsfilecorp.com/release/304940" }, "released": { "date": "2026", "note": "listed for sale on the maker's site; ship date not stated" }, "components": { "actuators": "High-speed internal-rotor permanent-magnet synchronous motors with industrial crossed-roller output bearings; peak joint torque 140 N·m; 31 DoF (6 per leg, 7 per arm, 3 waist, 2 head).", "hands": "Optional end effectors: standard gripper or 6-DoF dexterous hand; maximum dual-arm payload 10 kg (posture dependent).", "sensors": "Binocular cameras in the head and waist, optional wrist cameras, optional lidar, microphone array and speaker.", "compute": "Education model: unnamed ARM processor; Professional/Pro model: NVIDIA Jetson Thor T5000; air cooled", "battery": "48 V, 10 Ah pack; about 2 hours of continuous walking; magnetic charging port.", "software": "Booster Studio for simulation, policy training, sim-to-real transfer and deployment, with open interfaces; supports VLA models, reinforcement learning and imitation learning.", "other": "About 1.4 m and 42 kg; walking speed listed at up to 3 m/s on the product page (2 m/s in press). Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5.2, Ethernet and locking USB-C; voice alerts for low battery and joint overheating.", "sources": [ "hs-ec467e0689", "hs-037121f1c0", "hs-f395d052a4", "hs-a4f8ff1e79" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Pro edition on sale from July 2026; a US distributor lists it on backorder", "where": "China (Booster Robotics, Beijing)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-07-14", "title": "Booster T2 brings Jetson Thor to a 31-DoF humanoid", "summary": "Interesting Engineering detailed the T2's 31 joints, 140 N·m peak torque, Thor T5000 compute and gripper or dexterous-hand options.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/china-humanoid-robot-unveiled-nvidia-compute" }, { "date": "2026-07-13", "title": "Booster launches T2 development platform", "summary": "Booster Robotics officially launched the T2 as its flagship embodied-AI development platform, with a Thor-powered Pro edition.", "publisher": "Booster Robotics via Newsfile", "url": "https://www.newsfilecorp.com/release/304940" } ], "video": { "id": "yyAgPHg4VS4", "title": "Booster T2 is now available.", "channel": "Booster Robotics (@BoosterRobotics)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/booster-t2-2026.jpg", "author": "Booster Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.booster.tech/booster-t2/", "page": "https://www.booster.tech/booster-t2/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "qiyuan-t1-2026", "name": "Qiyuan T1 (启元 T1)", "maker": "Qiyuan Robotics (启元机器人), Swancor Advanced Materials (上纬新材)", "makerId": "qiyuan", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-07-14", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "home", "education", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 100, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 10, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 2800, "priceNote": "19,999 yuan for T1 and 29,999 yuan for T1 Pro at the Sep 2026 launch (USD approximate)", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Marketed by its maker as the first transformable personal robot, switching between a two-legged humanoid form and a four-legged form.", "deployments": "Shown at WAIC 2026 (Jul 2026); went on sale at a Shanghai launch on 20 Sep 2026, with deliveries from 1 Oct 2026 through stores in Shenzhen, Shanghai and Hangzhou.", "summary": "A home robot with a small head unit, two arms and wheel-tipped legs that stands about 1 m tall as a humanoid (child's eye level) and folds down to walk on all fours, crossing 15 cm obstacles and 30-degree slopes in that mode. It offers hand-holding with force control, companionship and language teaching, following and camera tricks, with a 10 kg static load (about 3 kg while following).", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-e6631f44ff", "hs-ffc0788d00", "hs-dc1eade8e5" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-07-14", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/qiyuan-t1-2026.jpg", "author": "Qiyuan Robotics (启元机器人), Swancor Advanced Materials (上纬新材)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://t-vcsh-www-tos-01.tos-cn-shanghai.volces.com/upload/imagesall/2026-09/6aaf51451b4d0.jpg", "page": "https://t-vcsh-www-tos-01.tos-cn-shanghai.volces.com/upload/imagesall/2026-09/6aaf51451b4d0.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 942, "h": 748 } }, { "id": "walden-robotics-walden-robot-2026", "name": "Walden robot", "maker": "Walden Robotics", "makerId": "walden", "country": "United States", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-07-15", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Working in production at a Toyota plant in North America since February 2026, including eight-hour shifts loading car parts, cleaning machines and kitting parts.", "summary": "An unnamed factory robot from Toyota Research Institute spin-out Walden Robotics (led by MIT's Russ Tedrake): a humanoid upper body with two arms and a sensor head on a wheeled or fixed base instead of legs, driven by 'large behavior models' that learn new tasks. Walden launched from stealth in July 2026 with about $300 million at a $1.1 billion valuation; no specifications are published.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-4442226f6c", "hs-e892f31e54", "hs-52cc4630cb" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-07-15", "event": "Walden Robotics launch from stealth", "url": "https://thenextweb.com/news/walden-robotics-300-million-toyota-humanoid" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "in production use at a Toyota plant; not sold publicly" }, "components": { "hands": "Two arms on a humanoid upper body; hand or gripper design not published.", "sensors": "Sensor-studded head; specific sensors not published.", "software": "Large Behavior Models (developed at Toyota Research Institute) that learn new tasks and improve through real production practice; Walden builds its own hardware, software and AI.", "other": "Wheeled or fixed base instead of legs, which Russ Tedrake says is safer around people and leaves room for bigger batteries and more compute. Tasks shown: loading and unloading car parts, cleaning machinery, kitting, machine tending and tool setting.", "sources": [ "hs-52cc4630cb", "hs-bec3456ad1", "hs-4442226f6c", "hs-e892f31e54" ] }, "production": { "customers": "Running in production at a Toyota plant in North America since February 2026 (one robot working eight-hour shifts); Samsung SDS partnership for high-precision manufacturing services; Walden says customers span automotive, aerospace, semiconductors, electronics, logistics and life sciences" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-07-16", "title": "Toyota's secret humanoid valued at $1.1B", "summary": "The Rundown summarised Walden's seed round co-led by Toyota and Deviation Capital and its wheeled, two-armed design.", "publisher": "The Rundown Robotics", "url": "https://robotnews.therundown.ai/p/toyota-secret-humanoid-hits-1-1b" }, { "date": "2026-07-15", "title": "Walden Robotics exits stealth with $300M", "summary": "The Toyota Research Institute spin-out launched with about $300 million in seed funding at a $1.1 billion valuation and a robot already working at a Toyota plant.", "publisher": "The Next Web", "url": "https://thenextweb.com/news/walden-robotics-300-million-toyota-humanoid" } ], "video": { "id": "fewvZrckA5c", "title": "Walden Robotics: General-purpose robots that continuously learn & improve while performing", "channel": "Walden Robotics (@WaldenRobotics)" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/walden-robotics-walden-robot-2026.jpg", "author": "Walden Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.waldenrobotics.com/", "page": "https://www.waldenrobotics.com/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 500 } }, { "id": "fourier-grw-2026", "name": "GRW", "maker": "Fourier", "makerId": "fourier", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-07-17", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "logistics", "industrial", "care" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 165, "weightKg": 160, "dof": 29, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 16, "batteryHours": 4, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Shown on Fourier's stand at WAIC 2026 in Shanghai (Jul 2026); no customer deployment reported.", "summary": "Fourier's first high-payload wheeled dual-arm robot: a head, a narrow-shouldered torso (585 mm) and long arms on a wheeled base, adjustable from 116 to 165 cm tall (165 cm used here as the maximum), with 29 body DoF excluding end effectors, a 16 kg stable payload and a 0-2 m workspace. End effectors swap between a gripper, suction cup and dexterous hand, and the hot-swappable battery gives up to 4 hours; aimed at warehouse, factory and care-home work.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-10c50ed9c6", "hs-cc760f25e8", "hs-a32e7ae011" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-07-17", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/fourier-grw-2026.jpg", "author": "Fourier", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.fftai.com/grw", "page": "https://www.fftai.com/grw", "kind": "maker", "w": 693, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "magiclab-magicbot-d1-2026", "name": "MagicBot D1", "maker": "MagicLab", "makerId": "magiclab", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-07-17", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics", "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 180, "weightKg": 150, "dof": 25, "speedKmh": 5.4, "payloadKg": 5, "batteryHours": 4, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "In routine production use at a Dreame smart-manufacturing plant (July 2026, per Gasgoo).", "summary": "An industrial wheeled humanoid with a 2-DoF head, two 7-DoF force-controlled arms and a 3-DoF waist on a four-wheel-steer omnidirectional base; height adjusts from 1.19 m to 1.80 m (maximum given), payload is 5 kg per arm and two hot-swap batteries give about 4 hours.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-46a1d136ff", "hs-e22731321b" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-07-17", "event": "WAIC 2026, Shanghai", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/other/waic-2026-magiclab-launches-three-new-robot-products-embodied-intelligence-accelerates-entry-into-factories-and-public-scenarios-2079099620004175873" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Base and high-compute editions" }, "components": { "actuators": "25 active DoF: 2-DoF neck, two 7-DoF arms, 3-DoF waist, 2-DoF legs and a 4-6 DoF four-wheel-steer chassis; torque sensing in every arm joint.", "hands": "Two-finger gripper as standard, multi-tool wrist, compatible with dexterous hands; 5 kg per arm, 858 mm reach, force control to ±0.5 N.", "sensors": "Head: 1 RGB, 1 stereo and 3 fisheye cameras (360° view); 2 RGB-D wrist cameras; 2 3D lidars in the chassis; ultrasonic sensors (spec table says 3, text says 8); microphone array with sound localisation; 2 speakers.", "compute": "Base edition Huawei R1 (500 TOPS INT8); high edition listed as 'NVIDIA-Aurora 1500S' (2,070 TOPS FP4).", "battery": "Two hot-swappable batteries, 1,652 Wh total, about 4 hours; 2-hour charge; optional auto-docking and auto-return to charge.", "materials": "IP42 overall, IP50 arms; 620 x 670 mm footprint; 150 kg.", "software": "Magic-VLA K02 vision-language-action model (dual-system planner plus action backbone); RCS fleet-scheduling system linked to factory data; VR teleoperation kit and handheld terminal; secondary development supported.", "other": "Height 1.19-1.80 m (MagicLab's IFA release gives a working range of 80-230 cm); top speed 1.5 m/s; Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, 4G and 10 GbE; emergency stop.", "sources": [ "hs-46a1d136ff", "hs-e22731321b", "hs-2fad9528a3" ] }, "production": { "where": "China (MagicLab, Wuxi)", "customers": "In routine operation for material handling and line-side stocking at a Dreame smart-manufacturing plant in China" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-08", "title": "MagicLab brings D1 and X1 to IFA Berlin", "summary": "MagicLab showed its wheeled D1 and biped X1 in Europe and announced a sorting-system deal with Pošta Slovenije.", "publisher": "MagicLab", "url": "https://www.magiclabglobal.com/magiclab-brings-physical-ai-to-europes-factory-floors-at-ifa-2026-debuting-full-stack-embodied-intelligence-stack.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-20", "title": "MagicLab launches D1 at WAIC", "summary": "Gasgoo reported the WAIC launch of the D1 industrial wheeled humanoid, already working at a Dreame factory.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/other/waic-2026-magiclab-launches-three-new-robot-products-embodied-intelligence-accelerates-entry-into-factories-and-public-scenarios-2079099620004175873" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/magiclab-magicbot-d1-2026.jpg", "author": "MagicLab", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.magiclabglobal.com/magicbots/magicbot-d1/", "page": "https://www.magiclabglobal.com/magicbots/magicbot-d1/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 490 } }, { "id": "magiclab-magicbot-x1-2026", "name": "MagicBot X1", "maker": "MagicLab", "makerId": "magiclab", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-07-17", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics", "research", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 180, "weightKg": 70, "dof": 31, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "MagicLab's newer flagship biped, 180 cm and 70 kg with 31 active joints, aerospace-alloy frame, knee joints up to 350 N·m and hot-swappable dual batteries. A MagicHand S01 dexterous hand and an NVIDIA Jetson Thor computer are options.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-b14c394d27", "hs-4786c17208", "hs-2fad9528a3" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-07-17", "event": "WAIC 2026, Shanghai", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/other/waic-2026-magiclab-launches-three-new-robot-products-embodied-intelligence-accelerates-entry-into-factories-and-public-scenarios-2079099620004175873" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "sold through sales enquiry" }, "components": { "actuators": "31 active DoF (head 2, arms 7 each, waist 3, legs 6 each, per MagicLab's listing); knee peak torque about 350 N·m, maximum 400-450 N·m (sources differ); joint range up ≥50% over the previous model.", "hands": "MagicLab's MagicHand S01 dexterous hand is an option; hand DoF not listed for X1.", "sensors": "Stereo camera module, head and waist RGB-D cameras, optional lidar.", "compute": "Base: NVIDIA Orin NX with an 8-core CPU; developer edition: optional NVIDIA Jetson AGX Thor and an open motion-control board.", "battery": "Dual hot-swappable batteries, 18 Ah; MagicLab claims 24/7 operation via swaps.", "materials": "Aerospace-grade aluminium and titanium alloys and engineering plastics (product text also mentions magnesium-aluminium alloy and TPU); 180 x 55.4 x 28 cm, 70 kg.", "software": "Magic-VLA K02 vision-language-action model; open API/SDK on the developer edition; MagicLab plans to open-source its foundation model in October 2026.", "other": "Wi-Fi 6, Bluetooth 5.2; MagicLab says it is the first full-size humanoid to dunk a basketball. Listed uses include patrol, inspection and delivery.", "sources": [ "hs-b14c394d27", "hs-4786c17208", "hs-2fad9528a3" ] }, "production": { "where": "China (MagicLab, Wuxi)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-08", "title": "MagicBot X1 shown at IFA Berlin", "summary": "MagicLab brought the X1 to IFA with an optional Jetson Thor developer edition and hot-swap batteries.", "publisher": "MagicLab", "url": "https://www.magiclabglobal.com/magiclab-brings-physical-ai-to-europes-factory-floors-at-ifa-2026-debuting-full-stack-embodied-intelligence-stack.html" }, { "date": "2026-07-20", "title": "MagicBot X1 dunks at WAIC", "summary": "Gasgoo reported the WAIC launch of the 180 cm X1 with slam-dunk and table-tennis demos.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/other/waic-2026-magiclab-launches-three-new-robot-products-embodied-intelligence-accelerates-entry-into-factories-and-public-scenarios-2079099620004175873" } ], "video": { "id": "yTq2O5gcU3w", "title": "MagicBot X1: Magiclab's All-New Generation Full-Size Humanoid Robot", "channel": "MagicLab" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/magiclab-magicbot-x1-2026.jpg", "author": "MagicLab", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.magiclabglobal.com/products/magicbot-x1/", "page": "https://www.magiclabglobal.com/products/magicbot-x1/", "kind": "maker", "w": 331, "h": 754 } }, { "id": "zte-xingzai-2026", "name": "ZTE Xingzai (中兴星仔)", "maker": "ZTE Corporation", "makerId": "zte", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-07-18", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "retail", "social" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 160, "weightKg": 30, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Not disclosed", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "ZTE says it is the lightest humanoid of its size in the industry.", "deployments": null, "summary": "The telecom maker ZTE's full-size service humanoid, 1.6 m and just over 30 kg, built on a lightweight tendon-cable drive with a flexible lattice skin and built-in obstacle avoidance for reception and guided-tour work. Unveiled at WAIC 2026 with the industrial Xingwang (wheeled) and Xingqing (bipedal) models of ZTE's Star Series.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-942914b773", "hs-664053664b" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-07-18", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/zte-xingzai-2026.jpg", "author": "ZTE Corporation", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://m.c114.com.cn/w127-1314330.html", "page": "https://m.c114.com.cn/w127-1314330.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 667, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "byd-xiao-di-2026", "name": "Xiao Di (小迪)", "maker": "BYD", "makerId": "byd", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-08", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "retail", "social" ], "locomotion": "unknown", "heightCm": 161, "weightKg": 58.5, "dof": 31, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 1, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": "BYD's first humanoid robot.", "deployments": "Debuted in August 2026 greeting visitors at BYD's Di Space experience centre in Zhengzhou, then Shenzhen and Shanghai; BYD plans two or three per dealership.", "summary": "BYD's 1.61 m, about 58.5 kg service humanoid with 31 degrees of freedom (7 in the hands), face, lip-reading and gesture recognition, multilingual translation and 360-degree sensing for walking around showrooms, explaining cars and demonstrating in-car systems. Payload is the dexterous hand's stated 1 kg grip; one report gives 68 kg, and whether it walks or rolls was not stated.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-d33ce122e6", "hs-37471b1524", "hs-e04c343a1b" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-08", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-10-09", "title": "BYD humanoid design shows up in a Chinese patent filing", "summary": "China's patent office published an 'embodied AI robot' design from BYD on 9 October 2026 that looks much like its Xiao Di humanoid, though BYD has not said whether it is the production version.", "publisher": "CarNewsChina", "url": "https://carnewschina.com/2026/10/10/byd-unveils-design-for-its-first-self-developed-humanoid-robot/" } ] }, { "id": "zeals-d1-2026", "name": "D1", "maker": "ZEALS (Omakase Robotics division)", "makerId": "zeals", "country": "Japan", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-08-05", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "healthcare", "care", "social", "retail" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 159.3, "weightKg": 110, "dof": 21, "speedKmh": 3.6, "payloadKg": 5, "batteryHours": 8, "priceUsd": 33000, "priceNote": "From ¥5 million (about $33,000) plus OS/support fees from ¥200,000 a month.", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Pre-orders opened on 5 Aug 2026 with the first lot (already sold out) due for delivery from October 2026; ZEALS targets 100 units built and 10,000 operating hours in fiscal 2026, mainly in hospitals and care homes, after a humanoid trial at University of Tsukuba Hospital in March 2026.", "summary": "A compact 'semi-domestic' semi-humanoid: a two-armed upper body (7-axis arms with torque sensors on every joint, grippers, 2-axis neck and a 30 cm lift) on an autonomous mobile base only 48 cm wide, designed and assembled in Japan from imported parts for narrow Japanese indoor spaces. Height is 129.3-159.3 cm, payload 5 kg per arm, top speed 1 m/s and runtime 8 hours.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-8f400ed640", "hs-739be7c57a", "hs-f2e61c5adb", "hs-4daaa162a5" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-08-05", "event": "ZEALS announcement and reservations opening", "url": "https://www.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/news/2130881.html" }, "released": { "date": "2026-10", "note": "First lot scheduled for delivery in October 2026" }, "components": { "actuators": "21 DoF: neck 2, arms 7 x 2, grippers 1 x 2, lift 1, base 2; 30 cm lift stroke; motors and batteries sourced overseas.", "hands": "Chinese-made grippers on two 7-axis arms; 5 kg per arm; torque sensors on every arm axis so the arm stops on contact.", "sensors": "Lidar and ultrasonic sensors on the base, with SLAM navigation that detects glass obstacles.", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson for edge inference.", "battery": "About 8 hours of continuous operation.", "materials": "Height 129.3-159.3 cm; base 48 cm wide and 55.5 cm deep, passes 65 cm gaps; 110 kg.", "software": "Omakase OS middleware (navigation, obstacle avoidance, conversation via the Omakase.ai voice agent) and Omakase Zen learning platform; base models from Physical Intelligence's π series and NVIDIA GR00T, post-trained by ZEALS.", "other": "Top speed 1 m/s, ±5 cm positioning, climbs 1 cm steps and rides elevators. Aimed at hospitals and care homes: reception, guidance, patrols, tray and dish handling, recreation. Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance created a policy for it.", "sources": [ "hs-8f400ed640", "hs-739be7c57a" ] }, "production": { "built": "Mass production begun; FY2026 target 100 units and 10,000 operating hours", "sold": "Reservations from 5 Aug 2026; first lot for October 2026 delivery reported sold out", "where": "Designed and assembled in Japan from imported parts", "customers": "Ekisai Hospital, Nagoya (35-hour deployment, Aug 2026); partners CUC, Sakura Juji Group, CHCP, JA Mitsui Leasing, Mitsubishi HC Capital, Mizuho Leasing, GMO AIR, Quick, Timee" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-09", "title": "ZEALS D1 deployed at a Nagoya hospital", "summary": "A report from a ZEALS event said D1 had worked 35 hours at Ekisai Hospital and that mass production had started for October delivery.", "publisher": "note (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/n4bb474e1bf78" }, { "date": "2026-08-06", "title": "ZEALS opens reservations for D1 from ¥5M", "summary": "Impress Watch detailed the narrow 48 cm semi-humanoid for hospitals, its specs, partners and a 100-unit first-year target.", "publisher": "Impress Watch", "url": "https://www.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/news/2130881.html" } ], "video": { "id": "35y0oE-zHzI", "title": "準国産コンパクトヒューマノイド「D1」", "channel": "Omakase AI - ZEALS" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/zeals-d1-2026.jpg", "author": "ZEALS", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://omakaserobotics.ai/", "page": "https://omakaserobotics.ai/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "dobot-lumo-2026", "name": "LUMO", "maker": "Dobot (Shenzhen Yuejiang Technology)", "makerId": "dobot", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-08-06", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "home", "social", "education" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 130, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A 1.3 m companion humanoid that Dobot pitches as able to walk on grass, sand and cobbles, read a person's mood from face and voice, and act unprompted, for homes, schools and public spaces. Launch videos showed boxing, dancing and a backflip; hardware specs and price were not released.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-4a86ecc4cf", "hs-640dba53b0" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-08-06", "event": "Official release", "url": "https://eu.36kr.com/en/p/3927688512485509" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "no price or sale date announced" }, "components": { "sensors": "Vision and voice perception with navigation and obstacle avoidance; specific sensors not disclosed.", "software": "Dobot's own 'Kongyi' embodied large model fusing vision and voice for emotion perception; learns household habits over time; secondary-development platform for K-12, vocational and university users (SLAM, motion control, human-robot interaction).", "other": "Nearly 1.3 m. Demonstrated walking on grass, sand and cobblestones, boxing, dancing and a backflip; switched to quiet mode and turned off lights when its owner fell asleep. Weight, DoF, battery and compute not disclosed.", "sources": [ "hs-640dba53b0", "hs-4a86ecc4cf", "hs-dc856eeed0" ] }, "production": { "sold": "No price or ship date announced" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-08-07", "title": "Dobot unveils all-terrain LUMO", "summary": "Interesting Engineering covered the 1.3 m companion humanoid's terrain and emotion-reading demos, noting no hardware specs were released.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/china-dobot-lumo-humanoid-unveiled" }, { "date": "2026-08-06", "title": "Dobot releases LUMO companion humanoid", "summary": "36Kr reported the launch and the robot's Kongyi embodied model and target users from office workers to schools.", "publisher": "36Kr", "url": "https://eu.36kr.com/en/p/3927688512485509" } ], "video": { "id": "yRJHTof-O3w", "title": "🚀 Meet DOBOT LUMO — The New-Generation All-Terrain Embodied Humanoid Robot.", "channel": "Dobot Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/dobot-lumo-2026.jpg", "author": "Dobot (Shenzhen Yuejiang Technology)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.dobot-robots.com/products/humanoid-robots/1284.html", "page": "https://www.dobot-robots.com/products/humanoid-robots/1284.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "vlai-k1-2026", "name": "K1", "maker": "VLAI Robotics", "makerId": "vlai", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-08-13", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "research", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 25, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 6, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 2770, "priceNote": "From 19,800 yuan (about $2,770); price depends on gripper or dexterous-hand choice.", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A low-cost wheeled humanoid with a turning camera head, a waist that tilts and rises, and two arms that take grippers or dexterous hands, on a four-wheel omnidirectional base. It has 25 joints and lifts 6 kg per arm.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-110c61521c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-08-13", "event": "Launch", "url": "https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1873392377059375531&wfr=spider&for=pc" }, "released": { "date": "2026-08", "note": "on sale from launch at the yuan list price" }, "components": { "actuators": "25 joints across the waist, head and two arms; VLAI's own integrated joint motors (motor, planetary reducer and dual-encoder driver in one unit) are its core business; four-wheel-drive omnidirectional base; internal cable routing.", "hands": "Grippers or dexterous hands, selectable; 6 kg per arm; repeatability ±0.02 mm; control latency under 10 ms.", "software": "Supports VLA and world-model control; LeRobot; Isaac Sim, Isaac Lab and MuJoCo; ROS 2 and MoveIt2; CAN 2.0/CAN-FD; remote, VR and autonomous control modes.", "other": "Waist pitches, rotates and rises; turning camera head. Aimed at research, data collection, production-line validation and commercial service.", "sources": [ "hs-110c61521c" ] }, "production": { "sold": "VLAI says it shipped nearly 1,000 complete units across its products in one year", "where": "China (Guangzhou)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-08-13", "title": "VLAI launches K1 from 19,800 yuan", "summary": "A Robot Lecture Hall report announced the K1 dual-arm wheeled humanoid, with 25 joints and 6 kg per arm, starting at 19,800 yuan.", "publisher": "Robot Lecture Hall (Baijiahao)", "url": "https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1873392377059375531&wfr=spider&for=pc" } ] }, { "id": "roboscience-rex-g1-2026", "name": "REX G1", "maker": "RoboScience", "makerId": "roboscience", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-08-17", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "logistics", "industrial", "retail", "home" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": null, "dof": 22, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 10, "batteryHours": 4, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled humanoid from Beijing with a 2-DoF head, two 7-DoF arms, a lifting waist and an omnidirectional base, aimed at warehouse picking and shelf work in aisles as narrow as 0.75 m. Its height adjusts from 110 to 170 cm (maximum used here), both arms together carry 10 kg, and hot-swap batteries give about 4 hours each.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-9ce19396ae", "hs-295e8183b8", "hs-6da0deb079" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-08-17", "event": "Launch, followed by WRC 2026 Beijing", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/icv/roboscience-launches-rex-g1-wheeled-humanoid-robot-2089717721930678273" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "no price or shipping date published" }, "components": { "actuators": "22 DoF: head/neck 2, arms 7 x 2, waist 2, lift 1, chassis 3; omnidirectional base that contracts (length 540-640 mm) to pass 0.75 m aisles.", "hands": "Two 7-DoF arms carrying 10 kg together; repeatability ±0.1 mm; vision re-checks bin codes after picking; end-effector design not published.", "sensors": "360° stereo vision with adaptive fill light for low light.", "compute": "2,070 TFLOPS of onboard edge compute (chip not named).", "battery": "Up to 4 hours; hot-swappable without shutdown, work resumes in about 5 seconds.", "materials": "Matte shell with rounded edges, quick-release maintenance ports and an e-ink information screen; 540 mm wide.", "software": "RoboScience's Visics embodied model on an object-centric vision-language-object-action (VLOA) architecture: an embodied world model predicts 3D object trajectories and a manipulation model turns them into control signals; null-space control for grasping while moving.", "other": "Height 1.1-1.7 m; working reach 0.1-2.0 m. Aimed at warehouse picking, flexible manufacturing, retail fulfilment and later home service.", "sources": [ "hs-9ce19396ae", "hs-295e8183b8", "hs-6da0deb079" ] }, "production": { "where": "China (Beijing)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-08-21", "title": "REX G1 conducts at WRC 2026", "summary": "Gasgoo reported the robot's World Robot Conference debut, where it conducted with a baton.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/wrc-2026-roboscience-rex-g1-wheeled-humanoid-general-purpose-robot-debuts-2090696947894865921" }, { "date": "2026-08-19", "title": "RoboScience's first robot packs 22 DoF", "summary": "Interesting Engineering described REX G1's narrow-aisle design, hot-swap batteries and Visics model.", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/chinas-humanoid-robot-packs-freedom" }, { "date": "2026-08-18", "title": "RoboScience launches REX G1", "summary": "Gasgoo covered the 17 August launch of RoboScience's debut wheeled humanoid for logistics, factories, retail and homes.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/icv/roboscience-launches-rex-g1-wheeled-humanoid-robot-2089717721930678273" } ], "video": { "id": "9YefL3D2RhE", "title": "RoboScience's First Robot | REX G1 Officially Launched", "channel": "RoboScience机器科学" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/roboscience-rex-g1-2026.jpg", "author": "RoboScience", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.robosci.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/f8e3d604-8f13-4006-93cb-594fd8a1b874.jpg", "page": "https://www.robosci.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/09/f8e3d604-8f13-4006-93cb-594fd8a1b874.jpg", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 750 } }, { "id": "unitree-superman-2026", "name": "Superman (prototype)", "maker": "Unitree Robotics", "makerId": "unitree", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-08-17", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 45.6, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": "Unitree claims a 12.66 m/s sprint, above Usain Bolt's 12.42 m/s peak, and a 2 m standing jump; not independently verified.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A long-legged high-speed research prototype previewed two days before Unitree's stock listing. Unitree says it was built in about three months; a clip of it crashing into an electrical box also spread widely.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-1fc85d8436", "hs-e48e7874a2" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-08-17", "event": "Unitree preview video ahead of World Robot Conference 2026", "url": "https://runtimewire.com/article/unitree-superman-humanoid-robot-speed-jump-preview" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "prototype, no price or release date" }, "rankExclude": { "metrics": [ "speed" ], "reason": "Its 12.66 m/s (45.6 km/h) sprint is a prototype claim that has not been independently verified." }, "components": { "other": "Only a preview video: claimed 12.66 m/s (about 45.6 km/h) and 2 m standing jump, 0.85 m leg length. No actuator, battery, compute or price data released; unclear whether 'Superman' is a product name.", "sources": [ "hs-e48e7874a2" ] }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-08-19", "title": "Unitree lists on Shanghai's STAR Market", "summary": "Unitree (688836.SH) opened at 1,100 yuan against a 150.80 yuan IPO price after raising about 6.1 billion yuan.", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/unitree-surges-629-at-open-one-lot-yields-up-to-470000-yuan-market-cap-exceeds-400-billion-yuan-2090018320131842049" }, { "date": "2026-08-17", "title": "Unitree previews 'Superman' sprinting humanoid", "summary": "Unitree claimed 12.66 m/s top speed and a 2 m standing jump, without publishing test details.", "publisher": "Runtime Wire", "url": "https://runtimewire.com/article/unitree-superman-humanoid-robot-speed-jump-preview" }, { "date": "2026-01-22", "title": "Unitree says it shipped over 5,500 humanoids in 2025", "summary": "Company figure counting only delivered units; Omdia had estimated about 4,200.", "publisher": "Jiemian", "url": "https://en.jiemian.com/article/13924474.html" } ], "buyNone": "Prototype; no price, store listing or release date.", "video": { "id": "O7OkiZfIlS4", "title": "Unitree New Robot Preview: \"Superman\" Breaking the Limits of Humanity", "channel": "Unitree Robotics" } }, { "id": "galbot-et1-2026", "name": "ET1", "maker": "Galbot (Galaxy General Robot)", "makerId": "galbot", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-08-19", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 125, "weightKg": 32, "dof": 26, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": 11050, "priceNote": "Standard 79,000 yuan (about $11,050); Pro 139,000 yuan; Flagship 179,000 yuan.", "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Pre-orders opened in September 2026, with Galbot reporting over 200 reservations in the first 24 hours.", "summary": "Galbot's first walking humanoid, a 1.25 m, 32 kg performer for theme parks, shop greeting, dance and stage comedy. It has 26 body joints; the Pro and Flagship versions add dexterous hands (12 more joints) and more onboard computing.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-409d8fc8d5", "hs-fa3868e1c0" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-08-19", "event": "World Robot Conference 2026, Beijing (teaser 18 Aug)", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/galbot-teases-et1-bipedal-humanoid-ahead-of-wrc-2026-debut" }, "released": { "date": "2026-09", "note": "pre-orders opened; listed on JD.com" }, "components": { "actuators": "26 body DoF; actuator design not disclosed.", "hands": "Pro and Flagship versions can add dexterous hands (12 more DoF).", "sensors": "Stereo cameras.", "compute": "RK3588 and RDK X5 base platforms; Pro adds an NVIDIA Orin Nano (40 TOPS); Flagship adds an Orin NX-class module (100 TOPS).", "software": "Galbot advertises a 100-million-parameter motion model and learning new moves through human interaction; Pro adds active learning and action planning. Related research: the LATENT reinforcement-learning framework (Tsinghua, Peking University, Galbot) for tennis swings.", "other": "1.25 m and 32 kg with battery. Versions: Standard (dance, performance, conversation), Pro and Flagship. Aimed at theme parks, shop greeting and stage shows.", "sources": [ "hs-409d8fc8d5", "hs-fa3868e1c0" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Pre-orders opened September 2026; delivery dates not given", "where": "China (Galbot, Beijing)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-10-02", "title": "Galbot prices ET1 from 79,000 yuan", "summary": "Humanoids Daily reported three ET1 versions at 79,000, 139,000 and 179,000 yuan, differing in compute and hands.", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/galbot-et1-price-three-versions" }, { "date": "2026-08-18", "title": "Galbot teases ET1 biped before WRC", "summary": "Galbot previewed its first fully bipedal humanoid with a tennis-swing teaser ahead of its World Robot Conference debut.", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/galbot-teases-et1-bipedal-humanoid-ahead-of-wrc-2026-debut" } ], "video": { "id": "bcVNBn5R_rY", "title": "From AlphaGo to AstraTennis: The World’s First Autonomous Humanoid Robot Tennis Match | GALBOT", "channel": "Galbot", "display": true } }, { "id": "xiaomi-humanoid-2026", "name": "New-generation humanoid (CyberOne successor)", "maker": "Xiaomi", "makerId": "xiaomi", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-08-19", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 170, "weightKg": 66, "dof": 66, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Spent about four months on a Xiaomi EV factory line; Xiaomi says nut-fastening success rose from about 90% to 98%.", "summary": "Xiaomi's new full-size biped, about 1.7 m and 66 kg with 66 DOF (33 in the hands), shown at the World Robot Conference. Sources disagree on whether it carries the CyberOne name.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-0cea7efcd1", "hs-7c31aa9e34" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-08-19", "event": "World Robot Conference 2026, Beijing", "url": "https://www.teknoblog.com/xiaomi-insansi-robotunu-halka-cikariyor/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "internal factory use, not for sale" }, "components": { "software": "Xiaomi-Robotics-0, a 4.7-billion-parameter VLA model, plus reinforcement learning; fuses vision, tactile feedback and joint proprioception; whole-body control mixes sub-millisecond optimisation control with RL trained on simulated disturbances and transferred zero-shot.", "other": "July 2026 tests: sorting console covers and folding material boxes at about 90% success (company). Press reports 66 DoF with 33 in the hands, not yet confirmed by Xiaomi.", "sources": [ "hs-3bfda0aa2f", "hs-7c31aa9e34", "hs-41e77dcb61" ] }, "production": { "built": "Internal factory units; not for sale.", "where": "China (Xiaomi EV plant, Beijing E-Town).", "customers": "Xiaomi's own EV die-casting workshop (from March 2026)." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-08-19", "title": "Xiaomi shows new humanoid at World Robot Conference", "summary": "About 1.7 m tall; trial results from its car plant were presented.", "publisher": "Teknoblog", "url": "https://www.teknoblog.com/xiaomi-insansi-robotunu-halka-cikariyor/" }, { "date": "2026-03-11", "title": "Xiaomi humanoid moves from 'apprentice' to 'intern' at its EV factory", "summary": "Xiaomi reported an autonomous trial of its humanoid in its Beijing EV plant, combining its Xiaomi-Robotics-0 VLA model with touch-only TacRefineNet to do assembly by feel.", "publisher": "note (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/nacf860384208" }, { "date": "2026-03-02", "title": "Xiaomi humanoids install nuts in its EV factory", "summary": "3 hours of autonomous work at 90.2% success within the 76-second line cycle (company).", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2026/03/02/xiaomi-deploys-humanoid-robots-ev-factory/" } ], "buyNone": "Internal Xiaomi factory use; not for sale.", "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/xiaomi.png", "author": "Xiaomi", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Xiaomi_logo_(2021-).svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Xiaomi_logo_(2021-).svg", "article": "Xiaomi" } }, { "id": "siasun-songyi-agile-2026", "name": "Songyi-Agile (松羿-Agile)", "maker": "Siasun (新松)", "makerId": "siasun", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-08-19", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Shown at the World Robot Conference (Beijing, Aug 2026) and on the Shenyang stand at the Liaoning trade fair (Sep 2026); no customer deployment reported.", "summary": "The compact version of Siasun's Songyi wheeled humanoid, with a head, two arms, an omnidirectional wheeled base and a folding joint lift that gives a working height of 0.3 to 1.5 m. It can move sideways and turn on the spot, aimed at tight electronics and auto-parts lines.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-bc44cfddf4", "hs-18c3f7f48f" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-08-19", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" } }, { "id": "siasun-songyi-power-2026", "name": "Songyi-Power (松羿-Power)", "maker": "Siasun (新松)", "makerId": "siasun", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-08-19", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 15, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Several Songyi units were run together by Siasun's OneHub multi-robot controller in a live demo at the World Robot Conference in Beijing (Aug 2026); no customer deployment reported.", "summary": "The heavy-duty version of Siasun's Songyi wheeled humanoid: a head, two arms and a torso on a column-type waist lift with 900 mm of travel, so it can work anywhere from floor level to 1.8 m. Siasun gives 15 kg as the combined two-arm payload and pitches it for factory handling, palletising and shelf picking.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-bc44cfddf4", "hs-18c3f7f48f", "hs-d6f51d883d", "hs-d56081efa9" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-08-19", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" } }, { "id": "bhric-tiangong-omni-2026", "name": "Tiangong Omni", "maker": "Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center (X-Humanoid)", "makerId": "beijing-humanoid-innovation-center", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-08-19", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "education", "home", "entertainment" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 135, "weightKg": 39.5, "dof": 31, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "sold in flagship, standard and basic versions; no price published", "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Won the small-size 400 m race at the 2026 World Humanoid Robot Games days after its debut.", "deployments": null, "summary": "A small 135 cm, 39.5 kg open humanoid platform from X-Humanoid with 31 joints (legs, 7-DoF arms, waist and neck), IP53 protection and fall recovery; dexterous hands are optional. It is sold for research, teaching and shows, with home help and elder care as later goals.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-5ca33434d5", "hs-035ec32f06", "hs-7ac80d47f8", "hs-7120c563e3" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-08-19", "event": "World Robot Conference / Expo 2026, Beijing", "url": "https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/2026/08-19/10680643.shtml" }, "released": { "date": "2026-08", "note": "maker announced three product versions; price not published" }, "components": { "actuators": "31 DoF: legs 6 (each), arms 7 (each), waist 3, neck 2; actuator type and torque not published.", "hands": "Dexterous hands optional on the flagship edition.", "sensors": "Depth camera, lidar and high-precision IMU.", "compute": "Flagship: AI compute domain controller rated 2,070 TFLOPS, able to run end-to-end VLA models.", "materials": "IP53; rated service life of at least 15,000 hours; operates from -10 to 40 °C; recovers on its own after falls.", "software": "Open interfaces at joint/sensor, system and motion-control API levels; works with the centre's Huisi Kaiwu (慧思开物) development platform and data-collection tools; teleoperation via VR/motion-capture kit and a matching data-collection arm (flagship options).", "other": "135 cm and 39.5 kg; flagship, standard and basic editions. Won the small-size 400 m race at the 2026 World Humanoid Robot Games.", "sources": [ "hs-5ca33434d5", "hs-035ec32f06", "hs-7120c563e3", "hs-7ac80d47f8" ] }, "production": { "where": "Beijing (Yizhuang); the centre's pilot line has an annual capacity of 5,000 units" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-08-25", "title": "Tiangong Omni wins small-size 400 m race", "summary": "Tsinghua News relayed a Beijing Daily report that Tiangong Omni won the small-size 400 m at the World Humanoid Robot Games.", "publisher": "Tsinghua University News (Beijing Daily)", "url": "https://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/info/1182/127833.htm" }, { "date": "2026-08-20", "title": "X-Humanoid launches Tiangong Omni open base", "summary": "Xinhua Finance reported the launch of Tiangong Omni in three editions alongside the Pelican-VL 2.0 model.", "publisher": "Xinhua Finance (cnfin)", "url": "https://www.cnfin.com/gs-lb/detail/20260820/4458066_1.html" }, { "date": "2026-08-19", "title": "Tiangong Omni debuts at World Robot Expo", "summary": "China News Service reported the small household humanoid's first public showing at the Beijing World Robot Conference.", "publisher": "China News Service", "url": "https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/2026/08-19/10680643.shtml" } ], "availability": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "how": "Flagship, standard and basic versions; orders and cooperation go through the maker's own cooperation form, with no public price or store", "support": "Training in deployment, debugging, maintenance and after-sales support is listed for research and education customers", "note": "No sales regions listed. Orders go through the maker directly; no public order page.", "source": "https://www.x-humanoid.com/detail/omni.html" }, "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "open", "how": "Open joint, sensor, system and motion-control API layers; a secondary development platform; a data collection system; an open-source community site", "note": "Links to the open-source community and development platform come from the product page; the linked pages themselves were not opened.", "sdkUrl": "https://opensource.x-humanoid-cloud.com/", "source": "https://www.x-humanoid.com/detail/omni.html" }, "video": { "id": "hg10q2-X3f4", "title": "TienKung Omni Passes Tough Field Tests", "channel": "TianGong Robotics" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/bhric-tiangong-omni-2026.jpg", "author": "Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center (X-Humanoid)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://www.x-humanoid.com/detail/omni.html", "page": "https://www.x-humanoid.com/detail/omni.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 562 } }, { "id": "vbot-atom-2026", "name": "Vbot ATOM", "maker": "Vbot (维他动力, Weita Dongli)", "makerId": "vbot", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-08-19", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "home", "retail", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 160, "weightKg": null, "dof": 31, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": "Pre-orders opened at launch; no price published", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Pre-orders opened at WRC 2026; Vbot said it aims to begin deliveries by the end of 2026.", "summary": "A 1.6 m home-oriented humanoid from the maker of the 'Big Head' robot dog, with 31 body degrees of freedom (7 per arm), a fabric-covered body and quiet soles for living spaces. It runs on a D-Robotics Sunrise S100P compute chip and was unveiled at the World Robot Conference 2026 in Beijing.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-7260ff8f4e", "hs-3e4dc344d9" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-08-19", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/vbot-atom-2026.jpg", "author": "Vbot (维他动力, Weita Dongli)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://gascloud.gasgoo.com/production/2026/08/1fa561c2-6e2e-42e9-a12d-86f201dbc9b5-1787323916.png", "page": "https://gascloud.gasgoo.com/production/2026/08/1fa561c2-6e2e-42e9-a12d-86f201dbc9b5-1787323916.png", "kind": "maker", "w": 899, "h": 506 } }, { "id": "galaxea-nexo-2026", "name": "Nexo", "maker": "Galaxea Dynamics (星海图)", "makerId": "galaxea-dynamics", "country": "China", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-08-21", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "logistics", "industrial", "retail" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 30, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 20, "batteryHours": 8, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "Galaxea's new flagship wheeled humanoid, launched at the 2026 World Robot Conference, with 30 degrees of freedom across the arms, shoulders and neck, waist and base, a 20 kg peak two-arm payload and 8-hour runtime with fast charging, battery swap and self-docking. Aimed at e-commerce, factories, parcel logistics and commercial services.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-ed810683c3", "hs-a4dd5fa6d3" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-08-21", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" } }, { "id": "atom-humanoid-2026", "name": "ATOM humanoid (model name not yet announced)", "maker": "ATOM HUMANOID (Atom Inc., Kabushiki Kaisha Atom)", "makerId": "atom-humanoid", "country": "Japan", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-08-26", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "logistics", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 30, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "About 10 units were collecting teleoperated and human-corrected training data at the company's Physical AI Foundry in Toyosu, Tokyo when it opened in August 2026; the company targets 20 units during fiscal 2026 and about 200 running continuously by the end of 2027.", "summary": "A five-fingered, two-armed, two-legged humanoid that Tokyo startup Atom (founded November 2025, CEO Shunsuke Aoki) is building together with its own physical-AI foundation model, aimed first at factory and logistics work such as sorting, parts picking, assembly and tidying. The 30 kg figure is the design target reported by MONOist (15 kg per hand); the robot is planned to use around 30 rotary and linear actuators, some co-developed with bearing maker NSK, with mass production targeted for 2027.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-0bc832271d", "hs-ced97ff632", "hs-05e894c438", "hs-9aec2acadd", "hs-a94b25843b", "hs-10c4b8d213", "hs-1205f3ff9a" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-08-26", "event": "Press event and tour at the opening of the ATOM Physical AI Foundry, Toyosu, Tokyo", "url": "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000007.000172692.html" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Not on sale; mass production targeted for 2027 and market entry in about three years (per CEO, Aug 2026)." }, "components": { "actuators": "Rotary and linear actuators in about three output sizes (per MONOist); NSK humanoid actuators to be tested in Atom's robots under an August 2026 MOU.", "hands": "Five-fingered hands on two arms.", "software": "Atom's own physical-AI foundation model for environment recognition, judgement and action generation, trained with data from its ATOM Physical AI Foundry in Toyosu, Tokyo (about 1,700 m², opened August 2026) and from NSK factories.", "other": "Bipedal; about 30 kg total reported. Aimed first at factory and logistics work needing controlled force, such as fitting small parts.", "sources": [ "hs-0bc832271d", "hs-ced97ff632", "hs-05e894c438", "hs-9aec2acadd" ] }, "production": { "built": "Prototype; target of 200 robots in continuous operation by end-2027 and 300,000 hours of training data", "sold": "not sold; market launch targeted for 2027", "where": "Japan (Tokyo), with Japanese hardware suppliers such as NSK", "customers": "NSK (data collection at NSK plants); recruiting data-collection partners" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-08-28", "title": "NSK to co-develop actuators with Atom", "summary": "MONOist reported the NSK-Atom MOU and described Atom's roughly 30 kg biped and actuator plans.", "publisher": "MONOist", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2608/28/news059.html" }, { "date": "2026-08-26", "title": "Atom opens Physical AI Foundry in Toyosu", "summary": "Atom opened a 1,700 m² data-production hub and set targets of 200 robots operating by end-2027.", "publisher": "PR TIMES", "url": "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000007.000172692.html" }, { "date": "2026-08-20", "title": "NSK and Atom sign humanoid MOU", "summary": "NSK agreed to test its humanoid actuators in Atom's robots and let Atom collect training data at NSK plants.", "publisher": "NSK", "url": "https://www.nsk.com/jp-ja/company/news/2026/mou-20260820/" } ], "video": { "id": "dfGCowV_2tw", "title": "ATOM HUMANOID Livestream: Logistics 1 (Hour 0-12)", "channel": "ATOM HUMANOID (ATOM, Inc.)" } }, { "id": "lightberry-lumi-2026", "name": "Lumi", "maker": "Lightberry", "makerId": "lightberry", "country": "United States", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-08-29", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "social", "entertainment", "retail" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 130, "weightKg": 40, "dof": 34, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 3.5, "priceUsd": 39990, "priceNote": "Founder Edition (100 units) $39,990 including one year of software; maker aims to lower hardware toward $20,000 later.", "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "An interactive greeter robot from a San Francisco startup, built on a Unitree G1 body with Lightberry's own head (animated eyes, 3-DoF neck), grippers and conversation software.; It is sold for events, guiding and storytelling", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-48511c4252", "hs-f1915a55f9" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-08-29", "event": "Unveiling with reservations open", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/lightberry-unveils-lumi-a-40k-interactive-humanoid-built-on-a-unitree-core" }, "released": { "date": "2026", "note": "reservations open; maker says shipping in 2026" }, "components": { "actuators": "Unitree G1 body (29 DoF) plus a 3-DoF neck (nod, shake, tilt); 34 DoF in total.", "hands": "1-DoF parallel grippers.", "sensors": "Dual stereo cameras at 1920 x 1200 per eye, 30 fps; custom 8-microphone beamforming array (made in Brooklyn) to filter fan noise; speakers.", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson Thor T4000 with 64 GB unified memory on Lightberry's own board, replacing the stock G1 computer; 10 Gb networking for external sensors.", "battery": "421 Wh; about 2.5-3.5 hours.", "materials": "Rounded character-style shell in yellow with animated digital eyes; 1.3 m, about 40 kg.", "software": "Lightberry OS and SDK; 'split-brain' design with perception, motor control, voice-activity detection and face tracking on the robot and language, persona and planning on cloud frontier models; on-device fallback when offline; owners shape personality, voice and knowledge by talking to it.", "other": "Founder Edition run of 100 units at $39,990 including one year of software (valued at $20,000 a year); usage-based software tiers afterwards. Uses: events, greeting, guiding, storytelling and photos.", "sources": [ "hs-48511c4252", "hs-f1915a55f9" ] }, "production": { "built": "Initial Founder Edition run of 100 units", "sold": "Reservations open; shipping stated as 2026", "where": "Sensor stack integrated and assembled in San Francisco on an imported Unitree G1 body" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-08-29", "title": "Lightberry unveils $40K Lumi on a Unitree core", "summary": "Humanoids Daily reported Lumi's G1-based design, Jetson Thor compute and 100-unit Founder Edition, and noted open questions over new US import rules.", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/lightberry-unveils-lumi-a-40k-interactive-humanoid-built-on-a-unitree-core" } ] }, { "id": "autolife-s3-2026", "name": "AutoLife S3 (Xiaozhi S3)", "maker": "AutoLife Robotics (智动未来)", "makerId": "autolife", "country": "Singapore", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-09-04", "status": "pilot", "purpose": [ "retail", "social", "home" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 168, "weightKg": 78, "dof": 36, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 5, "batteryHours": 8, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "dexterous", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Demonstrated scooping, cupping and serving popcorn and restocking shelves at the 2026 XAIR Expo in Guangzhou (4 Sep 2026); the maker targets retail, reception and restaurant front-of-house tasks.", "summary": "Wheeled service humanoid from a company founded in Singapore in 2023 (engineering in Guangzhou and Shenzhen) with a bionic neck of up to 3 DoF, two 7-DoF arms with 6-DoF dexterous hands, a Mecanum base and a lifting torso adjustable from 113 to 168 cm (maximum used here); each arm carries 3-5 kg (5 kg used) and the maker rates it for over 8 hours. It succeeds the Xiaozhi S2, which served as a robot bartender at WAIC 2026.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-adc148c9b9", "hs-2805e0b52d", "hs-9855433a94" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-09-04", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/autolife-s3-2026.jpg", "author": "AutoLife Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://autolife.ai/en/products", "page": "https://autolife.ai/en/products", "kind": "maker", "w": 361, "h": 1000 } }, { "id": "keigan-keigangpr-2026", "name": "KeiganGPR", "maker": "Keigan Inc.", "makerId": "keigan", "country": "Japan", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-09-16", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "general-purpose", "industrial", "logistics" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": 23, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A general-purpose wheeled humanoid from Kyoto AMR and motor maker Keigan, with every part including the actuators, driver boards and control software designed in-house and design data to be published as open source for easier repair. It has 23 axes (2-axis head, two 7-axis arms with grippers, 3-axis waist lift and 2-axis base, with a 24th planned) and was shown both teleoperated and running a VLA model.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-645fc964d3", "hs-effe9c5560", "hs-1d95d4925c" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-09-16", "event": "Physical AI Summit, Palace Hotel Tokyo (AIRoA competition showcase)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/n98141a1335ea" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Keigan says it intends to commercialise the robot whatever the competition outcome." }, "components": { "actuators": "In-house KeiganMotor actuators, driver boards and control software (the same actuators drove an android's arms at Expo 2025 Osaka for six months); 23 axes now, a 24th planned.", "hands": "Two 7-axis arms, each with a gripper (8 axes per arm including gripper).", "software": "Teleoperation and autonomous VLA-based operation shown; self-diagnosis to locate faulty parts for on-site replacement; hardware design data to be open-sourced.", "other": "Axes: head 2, arms 8 each, waist/lift 3, mobile base 2. Autonomous navigation including elevators, drawn from Keigan's AMR line. Ritsumeikan University's Atsushi Kakogawa advises on actuator and robot design.", "sources": [ "hs-645fc964d3", "hs-2fceedf7e4" ] }, "production": { "built": "Prototype for the AIRoA/NEDO competition, built from March 2026", "sold": "not sold; Keigan plans to commercialise it whatever the competition result", "where": "Japan (Kyoto)" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-20", "title": "KeiganGPR shown at Physical AI Summit", "summary": "A report on AIRoA's competition described KeiganGPR's in-house actuators, 23 axes and open-source plans.", "publisher": "note (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/n98141a1335ea" }, { "date": "2026-04-02", "title": "Keigan selected for AIRoA robot competition", "summary": "Keigan said it had been selected for AIRoA's national general-purpose robot competition and began building a dual-arm mobile manipulator in March.", "publisher": "PR TIMES via TechnoEdge", "url": "https://www.techno-edge.net/release/prtimes2/20260402/23161.html" } ] }, { "id": "emplifai-openshell-2026", "name": "OpenShell", "maker": "EmplifAI consortium (EmplifAI, Mazda, Airia, Asratec and TASKO)", "makerId": "emplifai-consortium", "country": "Japan", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-09-16", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "research", "social" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A wheeled semi-humanoid research platform built on open-source designs (Enactic's OpenArm arms and a modified open-source base, ROS 2 software) with a head that can move its mouth and pan and tilt, so face movements, speech logs and teleoperation data can be recorded together to train friendlier robot behaviour. Its sloth-like head was designed by artist Takayuki Todo.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-645fc964d3", "hs-bd6b3ff97a" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-09-16", "event": "Physical AI Summit, Palace Hotel Tokyo (AIRoA competition showcase)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/n98141a1335ea" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Competition prototype; aimed at the research market." }, "components": { "actuators": "28 DoF: head 4 (pan, tilt, mouth corners, mouth), arms 7 x 2, grippers 1 x 2, base 8 (four wheels, each steered and driven).", "hands": "Enactic OpenArm 01 arms with 1-axis grippers; holds a 2-litre bottle in one hand; a hand is under development.", "sensors": "Stereo camera in the head; optional 3D lidar for autonomous navigation.", "software": "ROS 2, SDK and LeRobot; teleoperation with a force-feedback bilateral leader arm, precision mode and VR controllers; records vision, actions, dialogue and facial/non-verbal cues in sync for training; ROS 2 packages to be open-sourced.", "other": "Base built on the open-source TidyBot++ design. Head designed by artist Takayuki Todo and built to be replaced or extended. Consortium: EmplifAI, Mazda, Airia, Asratec and TASKO.", "sources": [ "hs-b6343f2f8a", "hs-645fc964d3" ] }, "production": { "built": "Prototype for the AIRoA/NEDO competition", "sold": "not sold", "where": "Japan" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-29", "title": "EmplifAI details OpenShell", "summary": "EmplifAI released specs for its 28-DoF wheeled two-armed robot with an expressive face, built on OpenArm and TidyBot++.", "publisher": "PR TIMES via TechnoEdge", "url": "https://www.techno-edge.net/release/prtimes2/20260929/24739.html" }, { "date": "2026-09-20", "title": "OpenShell shown at Physical AI Summit", "summary": "A report on AIRoA's competition described OpenShell as the only consortium entry, with a face meant to make it easier to work with.", "publisher": "note (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/n98141a1335ea" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/emplifai-openshell-2026.jpg", "author": "EmplifAI consortium", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000010.000157243.html", "page": "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000010.000157243.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 550, "h": 544 } }, { "id": "hatsumuv-mobiloid-type-08-2026", "name": "Type 08 Mobiloid (08式 モビルロイド)", "maker": "HatsuMuv Corp.", "makerId": "hatsumuv", "country": "Japan", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-09-16", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "research" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 160, "weightKg": 80, "dof": null, "speedKmh": 5.8, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": 2, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A semi-humanoid built for collecting AI training data, from the Tokyo company better known for anime-character robots. An actuated lift sets its height from 100 to 160 cm, every wheel has independent suspension and steering, two fisheye cameras in the head feed a VR headset for teleoperation, and it also records contact sounds as training data; top speed is 5.8 km/h and runtime about 2 hours.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-645fc964d3", "hs-c2e6686bba" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-09-16", "event": "Physical AI Summit, Palace Hotel Tokyo", "url": "https://www.logi-today.com/1002271" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "Competition prototype; not on sale." }, "components": { "actuators": "Quasi-direct-drive (QDD) joint modules co-developed with a Taiwanese motor maker, with heavier-duty cooled modules at shoulders and elbows; actuated lift sets height from 100 to 160 cm; every wheel independently suspended and steered.", "hands": "HatsuHand five-finger hand.", "sensors": "Two fisheye cameras in the head; audio input to capture contact sounds; force sensing for bilateral teleoperation; mounting space and USB slots for extra sensors.", "compute": "Swappable compute unit chosen per use case.", "battery": "About 2 hours of continuous operation.", "materials": "About 80 kg; wiring hidden inside covers to reduce exposed edges.", "software": "Teleoperation of arms, torso and head via VR goggles or motion capture with bilateral force feedback; operation data recorded for imitation learning.", "other": "Top speed 5.8 km/h. Built for collecting AI training data and remote work in R&D, manufacturing and logistics.", "sources": [ "hs-645fc964d3", "hs-777b26975c", "hs-635b461283" ] }, "production": { "built": "Early prototype", "sold": "Sales and deployment consultations opened for companies and research institutions (Sept 2026)", "where": "Japan (Tokyo), with Taiwanese actuator supply" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-18", "title": "HatsuMuv opens sales talks for Type 08 Mobiloid", "summary": "Logistics Today reported the prototype's first showing and the start of sales consultations for companies and labs.", "publisher": "Logistics Today", "url": "https://www.logi-today.com/1002271" }, { "date": "2026-09-17", "title": "Semi-humanoid prototype debuts in Tokyo", "summary": "VOIX described the Mobiloid's QDD joints, teleoperation with force feedback and expansion slots.", "publisher": "VOIX", "url": "https://voix.jp/?p=130603" } ], "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/hatsumuv-mobiloid-type-08-2026.jpg", "author": "HatsuMuv Corp. (株式会社HatsuMuv)", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000011.000127494.html", "page": "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000011.000127494.html", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 753 } }, { "id": "ugo-nova-2026", "name": "ugo Nova", "maker": "ugo Inc.", "makerId": "ugo", "country": "Japan", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-09-16", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "research", "general-purpose" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 162, "weightKg": 100, "dof": 22, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 10, "batteryHours": 6, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": null, "deployments": null, "summary": "A Japanese-designed and Japanese-built wheeled semi-humanoid with two 7-axis arms, a 2-axis head with stereo cameras, a 4-axis waist and mecanum wheels, built to collect teleoperated training data and then run learned models on board (NVIDIA Jetson Thor). Height ranges from 126 cm folded to 162 cm extended; payload is 4 kg per arm or 10 kg with both, and ugo plans mass production from 2027.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-356f49b699", "hs-a43503bdba", "hs-645fc964d3", "hs-f4273a3c26" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-09-16", "event": "Announcement and Physical AI Summit, Tokyo", "url": "https://ugo.plus/information/2026/09/16/ugo-nova/" }, "released": { "date": "2027", "note": "Mass production planned to start in 2027" }, "components": { "actuators": "22 DoF: arms 7 x 2, hands 1 x 2, head 2, waist 4 (rotates and bends); mecanum-wheel omnidirectional base; 100 Hz arm control.", "hands": "Tactile hand end effector standard (force sensing only for now); up to 4 kg per arm, 10 kg with both; compatible with the YUBI gripper.", "sensors": "Stereo camera in the head and an RGB camera in each hand; records video, joint states, torque, end-effector pose and commands together.", "compute": "NVIDIA Jetson Thor for on-board inference.", "battery": "Up to about 6 hours.", "materials": "Height 126-162 cm (folded to extended), 56 cm wide, 65 cm deep, about 100 kg. Industrial design by GK Kyoto.", "software": "Teleoperation with a bilateral controller (developed by Asratec) or VR controllers, recording training data directly; ROS 2, URDF, rosbag and LeRobot; part of the 'ugo Physical AI Fabric' with ugo Data Factory and ugo Model Lab; a vision-tactile-language-action model is planned under Japan's GENIAC programme.", "sources": [ "hs-356f49b699", "hs-a43503bdba", "hs-645fc964d3" ] }, "production": { "built": "Prototype for the AIRoA/NEDO competition; mass production planned from 2027", "where": "Designed and made in Japan by ugo" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-16", "title": "ugo announces Japanese-built ugo Nova", "summary": "ugo unveiled a wheeled two-armed data-collection robot with Jetson Thor and said mass production would start in 2027.", "publisher": "ugo", "url": "https://ugo.plus/information/2026/09/16/ugo-nova/" }, { "date": "2026-09-16", "title": "ugo Nova specs detailed", "summary": "A sponsored report listed the robot's 22 DoF, 126-162 cm height range, 100 kg weight and six-hour runtime.", "publisher": "note (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/nc6bde0f3d035" } ], "video": { "id": "4ehRWhJw5hA", "title": "Introducing ugo Nova", "channel": "ugo" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/ugo-nova-2026.jpg", "author": "ugo Inc.", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://ugo.plus/ai/ugo-nova/", "page": "https://ugo.plus/ai/ugo-nova/", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 667 } }, { "id": "agility-robotics-digit-5-2026", "name": "Digit 5", "maker": "Agility Robotics", "makerId": "agility", "country": "United States", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-09-17", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "logistics", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": 181, "weightKg": 129, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": 22.7, "batteryHours": 1.5, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "simple", "firsts": "Agility pitches it as a humanoid built to work near people without fencing, with an independent safety controller.", "deployments": "Orders above $300 million reported at launch; early access planned for H1 2027 and general availability by end of 2027.", "summary": "Fifth-generation Digit, 1.81 m and 129 kg, with redesigned cycloidal-actuator legs, swappable ISO-flange end effectors, a 50 lb payload and a battery that charges in about 9 minutes for 90 minutes of work. A new safety system lets it detect people and avoid them, stop or sit, aimed at working without physical barriers.", "specSource": "press", "sources": [ "hs-b4ee81364a" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-09-17", "event": "Agility Robotics Digit 5 announcement", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2026/09/17/agility-unveils-digit-5-humanoid-as-orders-exceed-300-million-ahead-of-public-listing/104857/" }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "early access H1 2027; general availability by end of 2027" }, "components": { "actuators": "Redesigned legs with Agility's proprietary cycloidal actuators; DoF not published.", "hands": "Swappable grippers on ISO-standard mounting flanges for tote handling and machine tending; 22.7 kg (50 lb) repeat lift; reach about 2.2 m.", "sensors": "Multiple sensors feeding onboard Safe Human Detection; visual and audio cues signal intended moves. Sensor types not listed.", "compute": "Safety functions run on NVIDIA IGX Thor with Halos Core; Agility is first launch partner for NVIDIA Halos for Robotics. Main compute not listed.", "battery": "About 90 minutes of work per roughly 9-minute charge (10:1 run-to-charge ratio, up from 2:1 on Digit 4), which Agility says allows 20+ working hours a day. Figures are preliminary, from pre-production hardware.", "materials": "Not published. 1.81 m, 129 kg.", "software": "Agility Arc cloud fleet platform (uptime, throughput, incidents) linked to WMS/WES/MES and coordinating with AMRs and conveyors; trained on 65,000+ hours of real operating data.", "other": "Built for cooperative safety without fencing: an independent safety controller tracks distance to people and can trigger avoid, stop or sit responses; FORT Robotics pendant sled with e-stop and an Offboard Safety Bridge. Agility helps write ANSI/A3 R15.108 and ISO 25785-1. Maker notes some safety features are still in development.", "sources": [ "hs-b4ee81364a", "hs-f7b490ac9b", "hs-8ace06859b", "hs-ca2fd0f691" ] }, "production": { "sold": "Early access H1 2027, general availability by end of 2027, including EU and UK; price not published. Agility reports more than $300 million in multi-year Digit orders as of May 2026.", "where": "RoboFab, Salem, Oregon (up to 10,000 robots a year at full capacity)", "customers": "Digit platform users: GXO, Schaeffler, Amazon, Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada." }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-10-01", "title": "Agility and FORT team up on Digit 5 safety", "summary": "FORT Robotics supplies an e-stop pendant sled and co-developed an off-robot safety bridge for Digit 5.", "publisher": "Agility Robotics", "url": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com/content/agility-and-fort-robotics-announce-strategic-partnership-to-advance-humanoid-robot-safety" }, { "date": "2026-09-17", "title": "Agility unveils Digit 5", "summary": "Agility launched the fifth-generation Digit with a 50 lb payload and fast charging, citing over $300 million in orders ahead of its SPAC listing.", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2026/09/17/agility-unveils-digit-5-humanoid-as-orders-exceed-300-million-ahead-of-public-listing/104857/" } ], "video": { "id": "oyq9BOwK5XI", "title": "Introducing Digit 5", "channel": "Agility", "display": true }, "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/agility.png", "author": "Agility Robotics", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Agility_Robotics_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Agility_Robotics_logo.svg", "article": "File:Agility Robotics logo.svg" } }, { "id": "feather-robotics-feather-2026", "name": "Feather", "maker": "Feather Robotics", "makerId": "feather", "country": "United States", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-09-24", "status": "commercial", "purpose": [ "research", "general-purpose", "industrial" ], "locomotion": "wheels", "heightCm": 180, "weightKg": 105, "dof": 23, "speedKmh": 4.7, "payloadKg": 6.8, "batteryHours": 10, "priceUsd": 29990, "priceNote": "Promotional starting price $29,990 (listed $32,990); fleet and custom pricing available.", "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Launched with $7.6 million in seed funding and said to be shipping at launch in September 2026.", "summary": "A wheeled humanoid developer platform from a US startup: two 1 m, 7-DoF arms on a torso that rises from 1.2 m to 1.8 m, a camera head on a 2-DoF neck and an omnidirectional base. Customers bring their own AI models through its SDK; 6.8 kg is the peak per-arm payload (1.8 kg rated at full reach), and hands or grippers are options.", "specSource": "maker", "sources": [ "hs-e456b5e19f", "hs-108ed21c32" ], "canada": null, "firstShown": { "date": "2026-09-24", "event": "Company and product launch", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/feather-launches-30000-wheeled-humanoid-developers-7-6m-funding" }, "released": { "date": "2026-09", "note": "maker site says orders are being fulfilled" }, "components": { "actuators": "23 DoF: two 7-DoF arms, 2-DoF neck, 6-DoF holonomic base and a torso lift with 600 mm travel at up to 150 mm/s.", "hands": "Field-swappable 6-DoF hands or parallel-jaw grippers; 1 m arms carry 1.8 kg sustained at full reach and 6.8 kg peak.", "sensors": "Head stereo RGB-D camera (ZED 2i, ZED X or ZED X Mini); optional wrist cameras; 4-microphone array and speaker.", "compute": "Customer-swappable: NVIDIA Jetson Nano, Jetson AGX Orin or Jetson Thor, or custom.", "battery": "Dual hot-swappable 48 V, 50 Ah packs; about 10 hours at 240 W load; 48/24/12 V auxiliary lines.", "software": "Open Python SDK (Apache 2.0) and ROS 2; built-in teleoperation via Apple Vision Pro or Meta Quest, inverse kinematics, collision detection and simulation; customers bring their own models (press cites Physical Intelligence, Skild AI and Generalist as compatible).", "other": "500 x 510 mm footprint, 105 kg, 1.3 m/s top speed; 10-inch touchscreen; rear emergency stop that cuts motor power. One-year warranty.", "sources": [ "hs-e456b5e19f", "hs-108ed21c32", "hs-eb3c0993a5" ] }, "production": { "built": "Current plant can make 30 robots a month; a planned facility targets 200", "sold": "Orders being fulfilled; company reports over $1M revenue", "where": "Bay Area, California", "customers": "Unnamed manufacturing and food-service firms; Feather cites restaurant cooking in Japan and lab cleaning" }, "news": [ { "date": "2026-09-24", "title": "Feather launches $29,990 wheeled humanoid", "summary": "Feather Robotics launched with $7.6 million led by Gradient and a developer robot that runs customers' own AI models.", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/feather-launches-30000-wheeled-humanoid-developers-7-6m-funding" }, { "date": "2026-09-24", "title": "Feather sells robots, developers bring the AI", "summary": "RuntimeWire summarised the founders' backgrounds, more than $1M in reported revenue and the Android-like platform pitch.", "publisher": "RuntimeWire", "url": "https://runtimewire.com/article/feather-robotics-developer-robot-platform" } ], "availability": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "regions": "The maker is a US company with US-based engineers; no shipping regions are listed", "how": "Order page on the maker's site, with financing offered", "support": "US-based engineers for setup, configuration debugging and parts replacement; warranty terms are not stated", "source": "https://feather.dev/support" }, "dev": { "checked": "2026-10-12", "access": "open", "how": "Public Python SDK documentation (Python 3.9 to 3.14) with an API reference, a ROS 2 package, keyboard and controller teleoperation; the support page also mentions C++ and motion planning docs", "note": "No GitHub repository found on the maker's pages when checked.", "sdkUrl": "https://docs.feather.dev", "source": "https://docs.feather.dev" }, "video": { "id": "3TeEwk3wK8w", "title": "Introducing Feather", "channel": "Feather" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/feather-robotics-feather-2026.jpg", "author": "Feather Robotics", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://feather.dev", "page": "https://feather.dev", "kind": "maker", "w": 1000, "h": 563 } }, { "id": "minerva-humanoids-roger-2026", "name": "Roger", "maker": "Minerva Humanoids", "makerId": "minerva-humanoids", "country": "United States", "year": 2026, "date": "2026-10-06", "status": "prototype", "purpose": [ "industrial", "military" ], "locomotion": "legs", "heightCm": null, "weightKg": null, "dof": null, "speedKmh": null, "payloadKg": null, "batteryHours": null, "priceUsd": null, "priceNote": null, "hands": "unknown", "firsts": null, "deployments": "Showcased at the NATO EOD Centre of Excellence in Slovakia and tested on site for public-safety work; first paid pilots planned for autumn 2026.", "summary": "A walking, teleoperated humanoid for bomb disposal, oil rigs, high-voltage sites and hazmat work: an operator in a VR headset drives its two arms while onboard software handles balance, navigation and fall recovery. The San Francisco startup went from clean-sheet design to walking robot in just over five months, with first prototypes built in Germany.", "specSource": "unknown", "sources": [ "hs-e0ad0d5e7b", "hs-ed12f57c9b", "hs-6ae9892c3a" ], "canada": "University of Waterloo helps with Roger's vision in smoke and darkness.", "firstShown": { "date": "2026-10-06", "event": "", "url": null }, "released": { "date": null, "note": "" }, "photo": { "src": "/img/robots-maker/minerva-humanoids-roger-2026.jpg", "author": "Minerva Humanoids", "license": "Official image", "licenseUrl": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2026/10/07/interview-with-ceo-of-minerva-humanoids-roger-is-engineered-to-be-the-best-possible-avatar/105625/", "page": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2026/10/07/interview-with-ceo-of-minerva-humanoids-roger-is-engineered-to-be-the-best-possible-avatar/105625/", "kind": "maker", "w": 800, "h": 495 } } ], "events": [ { "date": "1928", "year": 1928, "title": "Eric opens a London exhibition", "summary": "Britain's first robot, Eric, stands, bows and gives a radio-relayed opening speech at the Society of Model Engineers exhibition in London.", "sources": [ "hs-baee73ec66" ] }, { "date": "1939", "year": 1939, "title": "Elektro at the New York World's Fair", "summary": "Westinghouse's 7-foot Elektro walks, talks and smokes for fair crowds, becoming the era's defining public image of a humanoid robot.", "sources": [ "hs-bae0671d3b" ] }, { "date": "1973", "year": 1973, "title": "First full-scale humanoid robot", "summary": "Waseda University completes WABOT-1, which walks on two legs, grips objects and speaks simple Japanese.", "sources": [ "hs-36adac847b", "hs-f391627e62" ] }, { "date": "1984", "year": 1984, "title": "A robot plays the organ from sheet music", "summary": "Waseda's WABOT-2 reads scores and plays an electronic organ with hands and feet; it performs at Expo '85 in Tsukuba.", "sources": [ "hs-36adac847b", "hs-f391627e62" ] }, { "date": "1986", "year": 1986, "title": "Honda starts its walking-robot programme", "summary": "Honda's E0 takes its first static steps, about 15 seconds per step, beginning the work that led to ASIMO.", "sources": [ "hs-519f901798" ] }, { "date": "1987", "year": 1987, "title": "Honda achieves dynamic walking", "summary": "Honda's E1-E3 legs (1987-1991) move from static to dynamic walking based on human gait data.", "sources": [ "hs-519f901798" ] }, { "date": "1996-12", "year": 1996, "title": "First self-contained walking humanoid", "summary": "Honda reveals P2, a walking humanoid with its computer, batteries and drives on board and no cable.", "sources": [ "hs-519f901798", "hs-358fb506e2" ] }, { "date": "1997", "year": 1997, "title": "NASA starts a humanoid for space", "summary": "NASA Johnson Space Center and DARPA begin building Robonaut, a humanoid designed to use astronauts' tools.", "sources": [ "hs-8e046156f8" ] }, { "date": "2000-11", "year": 2000, "title": "ASIMO debuts", "summary": "Honda unveils ASIMO, a 120 cm humanoid with smoother walking that can climb ordinary stairs.", "sources": [ "hs-2b47b0efd6" ] }, { "date": "2001-09", "year": 2001, "title": "A humanoid goes on sale to researchers", "summary": "Fujitsu begins selling the HOAP-1 research humanoid with an open RT-Linux interface for about 5 million yen.", "sources": [ "hs-932e584156" ] }, { "date": "2002", "year": 2002, "title": "A humanoid that gets up by itself", "summary": "AIST and Kawada's HRP-2 can lie down and stand back up on its own, and is sold as a research platform.", "sources": [ "hs-11de9d8a90" ] }, { "date": "2003-12", "year": 2003, "title": "First bipedal robot to run", "summary": "Sony shows QRIO running with both feet off the ground; Guinness World Records later lists it as the first running biped.", "sources": [ "hs-fde36557f0", "hs-c0f8f746c1" ] }, { "date": "2005-03", "year": 2005, "title": "Robots perform daily at Expo 2005", "summary": "Toyota's robot band and Actroid android guides appear at Expo 2005 in Aichi, Japan.", "sources": [ "hs-d4804695e0", "hs-2b0ceb74bb" ] }, { "date": "2005-09", "year": 2005, "title": "Humanoid home robot goes on sale", "summary": "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries starts a 100-unit household sale of wakamaru in Tokyo at about 1.58 million yen.", "sources": [ "hs-74822715f2" ] }, { "date": "2005-11", "year": 2005, "title": "Android face meets world leaders", "summary": "KAIST's Albert HUBO, a walking HUBO body with a Hanson Robotics Einstein face, greets leaders at the APEC summit in Busan.", "sources": [] }, { "date": "2005-12", "year": 2005, "title": "ASIMO runs at 6 km/h", "summary": "Honda's new ASIMO doubles its running speed to 6 km/h and runs in circles.", "sources": [ "hs-a2d092f1f3" ] }, { "date": "2006-01-26", "year": 2006, "title": "Sony ends QRIO", "summary": "Sony stops QRIO development on the same day it ends the AIBO robot dog.", "sources": [ "hs-5ff0cf2e48" ] }, { "date": "2006-03", "year": 2006, "title": "RIKEN shows RI-MAN, a robot meant to lift people", "summary": "RIKEN unveils RI-MAN, a soft tactile humanoid presented as the first robot designed to lift and carry a person, starting with a 12 kg doll.", "sources": [ "hs-b187301729" ] }, { "date": "2007-08", "year": 2007, "title": "NAO becomes the RoboCup standard robot", "summary": "RoboCup picks Aldebaran's NAO to replace Sony's AIBO in its Standard Platform League; the first units ship in March 2008.", "sources": [ "hs-77fdc502a5" ] }, { "date": "2008-01", "year": 2008, "title": "Monkey brain signals make a humanoid walk", "summary": "Decoded brain activity from a monkey walking at Duke University drives the CB-i humanoid in Kyoto in real time across the Pacific.", "sources": [ "hs-dc568af7f3" ] }, { "date": "2009-03", "year": 2009, "title": "A humanoid walks a fashion catwalk", "summary": "AIST's HRP-4C walks the runway at Japan Fashion Week in Tokyo.", "sources": [ "hs-3d80fb0b6e" ] }, { "date": "2009-07", "year": 2009, "title": "Toyota humanoid runs at 7 km/h", "summary": "Toyota shows a Partner Robot humanoid running at 7 km/h on flat ground.", "sources": [ "hs-a100f122de" ] }, { "date": "2009-08", "year": 2009, "title": "First robot to lift a patient from bed", "summary": "RIKEN's RIBA lifts a person up to 61 kg from a bed into a wheelchair, a first for care robots.", "sources": [ "hs-9f8455434a" ] }, { "date": "2009-10", "year": 2009, "title": "Boston Dynamics' first humanoid", "summary": "The first video of PETMAN, the biped that led to Atlas, shows it walking on a treadmill at 3.2 mph.", "sources": [ "hs-cd84e81c2b" ] }, { "date": "2010-02", "year": 2010, "title": "Robonaut 2 unveiled", "summary": "NASA and General Motors reveal Robonaut 2, a dexterous humanoid meant for both the space station and car factories.", "sources": [ "hs-780435d08c" ] }, { "date": "2011-02-24", "year": 2011, "title": "First humanoid robot in space", "summary": "Robonaut 2 launches to the International Space Station aboard Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-133).", "sources": [ "hs-c1a6bb3374" ] }, { "date": "2011-10-13", "year": 2011, "title": "First humanoid moves in orbit", "summary": "After a power-on test in August, Robonaut 2 makes its first movements aboard the ISS.", "sources": [ "hs-c1a6bb3374" ] }, { "date": "2011-11", "year": 2011, "title": "ASIMO runs at 9 km/h", "summary": "Honda's all-new ASIMO runs at 9 km/h, hops on one leg and uses 13-DOF hands.", "sources": [ "hs-134ef5224c" ] }, { "date": "2012", "year": 2012, "title": "NAO helps autistic children at school", "summary": "Donated NAO robots are used with autistic children at a UK school, an early assistive use of a humanoid.", "sources": [ "hs-87d88888c0" ] }, { "date": "2012", "year": 2012, "title": "Toyota unveils the Human Support Robot", "summary": "Toyota presents HSR, a one-armed wheeled helper for people with limited mobility, later a standard RoboCup@Home robot.", "sources": [] }, { "date": "2013-07", "year": 2013, "title": "DARPA unveils Atlas", "summary": "DARPA and Boston Dynamics revealed the hydraulic Atlas that seven DRC software teams would share.", "sources": [ "hs-9dfb54ddcb" ] }, { "date": "2013-08", "year": 2013, "title": "First robot to speak in space", "summary": "Toyota's Kirobo, delivered to the ISS on Kounotori 4, spoke its first words in orbit on 21 August 2013.", "sources": [ "hs-4f734adef3" ] }, { "date": "2013-12", "year": 2013, "title": "SCHAFT wins DRC Trials", "summary": "Google-owned SCHAFT's S-One scored 27 of 32 points at Homestead-Miami Speedway, ahead of IHMC and Tartan Rescue.", "sources": [ "hs-1c45844a15" ] }, { "date": "2013-12", "year": 2013, "title": "NASA unveils Valkyrie", "summary": "NASA JSC revealed its 44-DoF Valkyrie humanoid for the DRC.", "sources": [ "hs-80b5a10125" ] }, { "date": "2014-06", "year": 2014, "title": "Pepper unveiled", "summary": "SoftBank and Aldebaran introduced Pepper at JPY 198,000, billed as the first personal robot that reads emotions.", "sources": [ "hs-144ce178a7" ] }, { "date": "2014-11", "year": 2014, "title": "Humanoid fights a shipboard fire", "summary": "Virginia Tech's SAFFiR/THOR robot put out a small fire aboard USS Shadwell for the US Navy.", "sources": [ "hs-4a82e3d45f" ] }, { "date": "2015-02", "year": 2015, "title": "ROBEAR care robot", "summary": "RIKEN showed ROBEAR lifting a person from bed to wheelchair.", "sources": [ "hs-5042aa5a49" ] }, { "date": "2015-06", "year": 2015, "title": "KAIST's DRC-HUBO wins DARPA Robotics Challenge", "summary": "At the Pomona finals, DRC-HUBO took the $2M prize (44:28), IHMC's Atlas was second and CMU's CHIMP third.", "sources": [ "hs-f96f18d1ef" ] }, { "date": "2016-02", "year": 2016, "title": "Next-generation Atlas", "summary": "Boston Dynamics showed a smaller, untethered Atlas opening doors, lifting boxes and walking in snowy woods.", "sources": [ "hs-55e357225a" ] }, { "date": "2016-04", "year": 2016, "title": "Humanoid dives to a 17th-century wreck", "summary": "Stanford's OceanOne recovered a vase from King Louis XIV's flagship La Lune off southern France.", "sources": [ "hs-6f866deeb6" ] }, { "date": "2017-10", "year": 2017, "title": "Sophia granted Saudi citizenship", "summary": "Saudi Arabia announced citizenship for Hanson Robotics' Sophia at the Future Investment Initiative in Riyadh, the first for a robot.", "sources": [ "hs-271151b1cf" ] }, { "date": "2017-11", "year": 2017, "title": "Toyota T-HR3", "summary": "Toyota unveiled a 32-axis humanoid controlled through a full-body master system with force feedback.", "sources": [ "hs-b09830e876" ] }, { "date": "2018-06", "year": 2018, "title": "NimbRo-OP2X wins RoboCup AdultSize in Montreal", "summary": "The University of Bonn's new NimbRo-OP2X won the adult-size humanoid soccer tournament at RoboCup 2018, beating team Sweaty 2:0 in the final.", "sources": [ "hs-1ed2ea4ebd" ] }, { "date": "2018-09", "year": 2018, "title": "Humanoid installs drywall", "summary": "AIST's HRP-5P autonomously carried and screwed a gypsum board to a wall.", "sources": [ "hs-3a3f7abeb9" ] }, { "date": "2018-10", "year": 2018, "title": "Atlas does parkour", "summary": "Boston Dynamics' 'Parkour Atlas' video showed the robot jumping a log and leaping up offset boxes.", "sources": [ "hs-2a4daff860" ] }, { "date": "2019-05", "year": 2019, "title": "CUE3 sets a free-throw record", "summary": "Toyota's CUE3 makes 2,020 basketball free throws in a row, a Guinness World Records title for a humanoid robot (assisted).", "sources": [ "hs-e2107af8f2" ] }, { "date": "2019-08", "year": 2019, "title": "FEDOR flies to the ISS", "summary": "Russia's Skybot F-850 rode an uncrewed Soyuz MS-14 to the space station and returned on 6 September.", "sources": [ "hs-dead50dacc" ] }, { "date": "2020-01", "year": 2020, "title": "ISRO unveils Vyommitra", "summary": "India revealed a half-humanoid to fly on uncrewed Gaganyaan test missions.", "sources": [ "hs-3e3e4069fb" ] }, { "date": "2020-01", "year": 2020, "title": "Digit goes on sale; Ford first buyer", "summary": "Agility Robotics opened Digit sales, with Ford taking the first two units for delivery research.", "sources": [ "hs-5f16c49398" ] }, { "date": "2020-08", "year": 2020, "title": "Remote humanoid restocks convenience store", "summary": "Telexistence's VR-piloted Model-T began a shelf-stocking trial at a FamilyMart in Tokyo.", "sources": [ "hs-331a03f488" ] }, { "date": "2021-06", "year": 2021, "title": "Grace healthcare humanoid", "summary": "Hanson Robotics and SingularityNET's Awakening Health launched Grace for elderly care during COVID-19.", "sources": [ "hs-ad7cc46185" ] }, { "date": "2021-08", "year": 2021, "title": "Atlas 'Partners in Parkour'", "summary": "Two Atlas robots ran a full parkour course and landed synchronized backflips.", "sources": [ "hs-8ed6f91adb" ] }, { "date": "2021-12", "year": 2021, "title": "Ameca goes viral", "summary": "Engineered Arts revealed Ameca; its lifelike facial-expression video spread widely before CES 2022.", "sources": [ "hs-d3f9de6a11" ] }, { "date": "2022-03", "year": 2022, "title": "RoBee joins a Rome rehabilitation ward", "summary": "Oversonic's RoBee humanoid begins supporting stroke patients' cognitive therapy at Fondazione Santa Lucia hospital in Rome.", "sources": [ "hs-636d4d65bf" ] }, { "date": "2022-08", "year": 2022, "title": "Xiaomi CyberOne", "summary": "Xiaomi's CEO walked on stage with its 1.77 m CyberOne humanoid.", "sources": [ "hs-48e6baaeae" ] }, { "date": "2022-09", "year": 2022, "title": "Tesla shows Optimus prototypes", "summary": "At AI Day, Tesla's Bumble C walked untethered and an Optimus prototype was carried on stage; Musk targeted under $20,000 at volume.", "sources": [ "hs-2534aee1f7" ] }, { "date": "2023", "year": 2023, "title": "Agility announces RoboFab", "summary": "Agility Robotics announced RoboFab in Salem, Oregon, billed as its first humanoid robot factory, and began Digit tests with Amazon.", "sources": [ "hs-a601135ac6" ] }, { "date": "2023-03", "year": 2023, "title": "OpenAI fund leads 1X round", "summary": "1X closed a $23.5M Series A2 led by the OpenAI Startup Fund to build NEO and scale EVE.", "sources": [ "hs-b9799f29b6" ] }, { "date": "2023-03", "year": 2023, "title": "Sanctuary's first paid retail job", "summary": "Sanctuary AI's robot worked a paid deployment at a Mark's store in Langley, BC, doing over 100 tasks.", "sources": [ "hs-43750035bd" ] }, { "date": "2023-05", "year": 2023, "title": "Figure raises $70M", "summary": "Figure AI raised $70M, including $20M from founder Brett Adcock.", "sources": [ "hs-99f05b2d89" ] }, { "date": "2023-11", "year": 2023, "title": "China MIIT humanoid robot guideline", "summary": "On 2 November 2023 China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology set goals for humanoid mass production by 2025 and a secure supply chain by 2027.", "sources": [ "hs-91d44c3bba", "hs-64d1e54adb" ] }, { "date": "2024-01", "year": 2024, "title": "Figure signs BMW deal", "summary": "Figure agreed to put humanoids into BMW's Spartanburg plant; 1X raised a $100M Series B the same month.", "sources": [ "hs-4b1cb372e6", "hs-a6a6945945" ] }, { "date": "2024-02", "year": 2024, "title": "Figure raises $675M", "summary": "Figure raised $675M at a $2.6B valuation from Bezos, Microsoft, Nvidia, OpenAI and others.", "sources": [ "hs-4bbc85f7ea" ] }, { "date": "2024-03", "year": 2024, "title": "Unitree H1 sets humanoid speed record", "summary": "Unitree's H1 walked at 3.3 m/s, recognised as the fastest full-size humanoid, beating Atlas's 2.5 m/s.", "sources": [ "hs-e519d64c47" ] }, { "date": "2024-04", "year": 2024, "title": "Hydraulic Atlas retired", "summary": "Boston Dynamics retired the hydraulic Atlas and revealed an all-electric Atlas, with Hyundai as first tester.", "sources": [ "hs-6c30f9639d" ] }, { "date": "2024-04", "year": 2024, "title": "Magna partners with Sanctuary", "summary": "Canadian auto-parts maker Magna agreed to pilot Sanctuary's Phoenix humanoids in its plants.", "sources": [ "hs-618a8a81d7" ] }, { "date": "2024-05", "year": 2024, "title": "The Bot Company launches", "summary": "Ex-Cruise CEO Kyle Vogt launched The Bot Company with $150M for household robots; no robot shown as of 2026.", "sources": [ "hs-bbd054f281" ] }, { "date": "2024-05", "year": 2024, "title": "Unitree G1 launches at $16,000", "summary": "A full humanoid for $16,000 started a price war among Chinese makers.", "sources": [ "hs-f78564a254" ] }, { "date": "2024-06", "year": 2024, "title": "First humanoid RaaS contract", "summary": "GXO and Agility signed what they called the first humanoid Robots-as-a-Service deal, for Digit at a Spanx facility.", "sources": [ "hs-105794f13c" ] }, { "date": "2024-07", "year": 2024, "title": "Humanoid heavy machine enters JR West service", "summary": "A humanoid upper body on a road-rail truck boom, built by Nippon Signal with Jinki Ittai technology, starts regular railway maintenance work on JR West lines.", "sources": [ "hs-157fc5ce29" ] }, { "date": "2024-07", "year": 2024, "title": "ARTEMIS sweeps RoboCup adult-size soccer", "summary": "Two UCLA ARTEMIS humanoids won all six official matches at RoboCup 2024 in Eindhoven, scoring 45 goals.", "sources": [ "hs-5ac24b7919" ] }, { "date": "2024-08", "year": 2024, "title": "Figure 02 tested at BMW", "summary": "BMW reported a successful test of Figure 02 humanoids at its Spartanburg plant.", "sources": [ "hs-289b516acd" ] }, { "date": "2024-09", "year": 2024, "title": "CUE6 makes a 24.55 m shot", "summary": "Toyota's CUE6 sets the Guinness World Records title for the farthest basketball shot by a humanoid robot, 24.55 m.", "sources": [ "hs-4918dab653" ] }, { "date": "2024-11", "year": 2024, "title": "Schaeffler backs Agility", "summary": "Schaeffler made a minority investment in Agility and said it wants many Digits across its 100 plants by 2030.", "sources": [ "hs-60bf4bcb7c" ] }, { "date": "2024-11", "year": 2024, "title": "Tiangong humanoid made open source", "summary": "The Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center open-sourced its Tiangong platform.", "sources": [ "hs-3ecd8523e2" ] }, { "date": "2024-12", "year": 2024, "title": "Samsung takes control of Rainbow Robotics", "summary": "Samsung raised its stake in HUBO spin-off Rainbow Robotics to 35%, making it a subsidiary, and set up a Future Robotics Office.", "sources": [ "hs-578760cbba" ] }, { "date": "2024-12", "year": 2024, "title": "AgiBot World dataset released", "summary": "AgiBot released the first version of AgiBot World, an open robot-manipulation dataset collected by more than 100 of its wheeled Genie G1 robots.", "sources": [ "hs-96f630884f" ] }, { "date": "2025", "year": 2025, "title": "Apptronik $415M Series A", "summary": "Apptronik raised an oversubscribed $415M Series A to scale Apollo.", "sources": [ "hs-cd32bad452" ] }, { "date": "2025", "year": 2025, "title": "Unitree ships over 5,500 humanoids", "summary": "Unitree's 2025 humanoid shipments passed 5,500 units, with revenue near 1.7 billion yuan.", "sources": [ "hs-f31c0f0db0" ] }, { "date": "2025-01", "year": 2025, "title": "NEURA raises EUR 120M", "summary": "NEURA Robotics raised a EUR 120M (about $123M) Series B led by Lingotto, citing about EUR 1B in orders.", "sources": [ "hs-d022527654" ] }, { "date": "2025-02", "year": 2025, "title": "Figure announces Helix and BotQ", "summary": "Figure introduced its Helix vision-language-action model and the BotQ factory aimed at 12,000 robots a year.", "sources": [ "hs-5ecae2c8f8" ] }, { "date": "2025-02", "year": 2025, "title": "Hubei shows ten 'Chucai' humanoids", "summary": "Ten humanoids from Wuhan university and company teams, including Jingchu, Shennong and Tianwen, appeared together at a Hubei provincial conference in Wuhan.", "sources": [ "hs-f6090b1f71" ] }, { "date": "2025-03", "year": 2025, "title": "The Bot Company valued at $2B", "summary": "The Bot Company raised another $150M at a reported $2B valuation without having shown a robot.", "sources": [ "hs-93c4223647" ] }, { "date": "2025-04", "year": 2025, "title": "Hugging Face buys Pollen Robotics", "summary": "Hugging Face acquired French maker Pollen Robotics and began selling Reachy 2 for $70,000.", "sources": [ "hs-1140dc32f3" ] }, { "date": "2025-04", "year": 2025, "title": "Agility seeks $400M", "summary": "Agility was reported to be raising $400M at a $1.75B pre-money valuation; it reported about 100 Digits sold.", "sources": [ "hs-50db83b918" ] }, { "date": "2025-04", "year": 2025, "title": "Korea launches K-Humanoid Alliance", "summary": "South Korea's trade ministry launched an alliance of firms and labs on 10 April 2025, expecting over KRW 1 trillion of investment by 2030.", "sources": [ "hs-2cf80e84fb" ] }, { "date": "2025-04", "year": 2025, "title": "First humanoid half marathon, Beijing", "summary": "On 19 April 2025 about 21 robots ran alongside people; Tiangong Ultra won in 2:40:42.", "sources": [ "hs-7d860618b0" ] }, { "date": "2025-04", "year": 2025, "title": "DroidUp Walker 2 finishes first humanoid half marathon", "summary": "DroidUp's tendon-driven Walker 2 completed the world's first humanoid robot half marathon in Beijing and took third place.", "sources": [ "hs-96e4644243" ] }, { "date": "2025-05", "year": 2025, "title": "Persona AI raises $27M", "summary": "Houston's Persona AI raised a $27M pre-seed for shipyard humanoids and later signed with HD Hyundai; no robot shown publicly yet.", "sources": [ "hs-6feb3315eb" ] }, { "date": "2025-06", "year": 2025, "title": "A jet-powered humanoid lifts off", "summary": "IIT's iRonCub3, an iCub3 humanoid with four jet turbines, rises about 50 cm in its first flight tests.", "sources": [ "hs-b7ca6e872d" ] }, { "date": "2025-07", "year": 2025, "title": "Unitree R1 cuts humanoid price to $5,900", "summary": "Unitree's R1 brought a full-body humanoid under $6,000.", "sources": [ "hs-3037a4640b" ] }, { "date": "2025-07", "year": 2025, "title": "Yaskawa takes full ownership of Tokyo Robotics", "summary": "Yaskawa Electric makes Torobo developer Tokyo Robotics a wholly owned subsidiary from 1 July 2025.", "sources": [ "hs-da353fb347" ] }, { "date": "2025-07", "year": 2025, "title": "A humanoid is admitted to a PhD programme", "summary": "The Shanghai Theatre Academy admits the humanoid Xueba 01, built by USST and DroidUp, to a four-year doctorate in digital performance design.", "sources": [ "hs-97c529a67c" ] }, { "date": "2025-08", "year": 2025, "title": "First World Humanoid Robot Games, Beijing", "summary": "280 teams from 16 countries competed at the Bird's Nest; Unitree won 11 medals and the Beijing center 10.", "sources": [ "hs-2d0f5cbeb3" ] }, { "date": "2025-08", "year": 2025, "title": "Tianyi 2.0 sweeps material sorting at World Humanoid Robot Games", "summary": "X-Humanoid's wheeled Tianyi 2.0 took the top two spots in the material-sorting event at the first World Humanoid Robot Games in Beijing.", "sources": [ "hs-c0e3bf2d67" ] }, { "date": "2025-09", "year": 2025, "title": "Figure valued at $39B", "summary": "Figure's Series C raised over $1B at a $39B post-money valuation, the highest for a humanoid start-up.", "sources": [ "hs-ed2e3857d5" ] }, { "date": "2025-09", "year": 2025, "title": "UBTECH wins record 250 million yuan humanoid order", "summary": "The largest humanoid order reported at the time, centred on Walker S2.", "sources": [ "hs-d301ec0964" ] }, { "date": "2025-10", "year": 2025, "title": "1X opens NEO pre-orders", "summary": "1X opened home pre-orders for NEO at $20,000 or $499 a month, with US deliveries promised in 2026.", "sources": [ "hs-b76fb338f9" ] }, { "date": "2025-10", "year": 2025, "title": "Figure 03 and BotQ", "summary": "Figure unveiled Figure 03, built for mass production at BotQ (12,000 a year initially, 100,000 over four years).", "sources": [ "hs-4fbdade2db" ] }, { "date": "2025-10", "year": 2025, "title": "Noetix Bumi breaks the 10,000-yuan barrier", "summary": "A walking humanoid went on pre-sale for CNY 9,998 (about $1,400).", "sources": [ "hs-d87b1de194" ] }, { "date": "2025-11", "year": 2025, "title": "Figure retires F.02 after BMW", "summary": "Figure retired its Figure 02 fleet after an 11-month BMW deployment that helped build over 30,000 X3s.", "sources": [ "hs-40105274a7" ] }, { "date": "2025-11", "year": 2025, "title": "K-Scale Labs shuts down", "summary": "Open-source humanoid maker K-Scale Labs closed after failing to raise a Series A, open-sourcing everything.", "sources": [ "hs-c3dc31d14f" ] }, { "date": "2025-11", "year": 2025, "title": "AgiBot A2 walks 106 km", "summary": "An AgiBot A2 walked 106.286 km from Suzhou to Shanghai without powering off, a Guinness record.", "sources": [ "hs-2328199653" ] }, { "date": "2025-11", "year": 2025, "title": "UBTECH starts Walker S2 mass delivery", "summary": "UBTECH began delivering several hundred Walker S2s, with 2025 orders above 800 million yuan and 5,000-unit capacity planned for 2026.", "sources": [ "hs-e0464d9412" ] }, { "date": "2025-11", "year": 2025, "title": "Hoxo humanoid tested at a French nuclear site", "summary": "Orano and Capgemini presented Hoxo, a 1.35 m humanoid on Chinese-built hardware with Capgemini AI software, at the World Nuclear Exhibition and began a four-month trial at Orano's Melox site, calling it the first intelligent humanoid in the nuclear sector.", "sources": [ "hs-10aca0633d", "hs-35de16046f" ] }, { "date": "2025-11", "year": 2025, "title": "KIST and LG unveil the KAPEX K-humanoid", "summary": "South Korea's state research institute KIST and LG show KAPEX, a 170 cm humanoid running LG's EXAONE AI, as the first result of the national K-humanoid push.", "sources": [ "hs-076300508d" ] }, { "date": "2025-12", "year": 2025, "title": "Humanoids dominate iREX 2025 in Tokyo", "summary": "The 2025 International Robot Exhibition draws a record 140 overseas exhibitors, with Chinese humanoids and Japanese semi-humanoids widely demonstrated for data collection.", "sources": [ "hs-3ecd1055d1", "hs-da353fb347" ] }, { "date": "2026-01", "year": 2026, "title": "Mobileye buys Mentee for $900M", "summary": "Mobileye agreed to buy Israeli humanoid maker Mentee Robotics for about $900M in cash and stock.", "sources": [ "hs-432c263059" ] }, { "date": "2026-01", "year": 2026, "title": "Production Atlas sold out for 2026", "summary": "Boston Dynamics unveiled product Atlas at CES and said all 2026 units were committed to Hyundai and Google DeepMind.", "sources": [ "hs-6b26a0b73d" ] }, { "date": "2026-01", "year": 2026, "title": "Asian humanoids at CES 2026", "summary": "LG's CLOiD, Sharpa's North and Fourier's GR-3 made US debuts in Las Vegas.", "sources": [ "hs-65262059b9", "hs-034a34a3e8" ] }, { "date": "2026-02", "year": 2026, "title": "Apptronik $520M extension", "summary": "Apptronik added $520M, taking its Series A past $935M at a reported valuation above $5.5B.", "sources": [ "hs-7773d8b063" ] }, { "date": "2026-02", "year": 2026, "title": "MirrorMe's Bolt runs at 10 m/s", "summary": "Shanghai's MirrorMe unveils Bolt and says it is the first full-size humanoid to reach 10 m/s in real-world running tests.", "sources": [ "hs-d48b8be695" ] }, { "date": "2026-02", "year": 2026, "title": "Tiangong 3.0 launched as an open humanoid platform", "summary": "Beijing's humanoid innovation centre unveils Tiangong 3.0 and publishes its design files, a vision-language model and a training dataset for developers.", "sources": [ "hs-93a3445790" ] }, { "date": "2026-03", "year": 2026, "title": "AgiBot builds its 10,000th humanoid", "summary": "AgiBot said it went from 5,000 to 10,000 units in about three months.", "sources": [ "hs-d07a13c0a8" ] }, { "date": "2026-03", "year": 2026, "title": "J-HRTI humanoid data consortium formed", "summary": "Yamazen and INSOL-HIGH announce the J-HRTI consortium (26 Mar 2026) to collect real-world humanoid training data for Japanese industry.", "sources": [ "hs-8bd4427b4e" ] }, { "date": "2026-04", "year": 2026, "title": "1X opens Hayward NEO factory", "summary": "1X started production at a Hayward, California factory sized for 10,000 robots a year and targets 50,000 shipments in 2027.", "sources": [ "hs-b30a7bf847" ] }, { "date": "2026-04", "year": 2026, "title": "Figure 03 deliveries pass 350", "summary": "Over 350 Figure 03s had been delivered and production reached one robot per hour.", "sources": [ "hs-957e16020c" ] }, { "date": "2026-04", "year": 2026, "title": "Tesla delays Optimus V3 reveal", "summary": "Musk said Optimus Gen 3 would be shown closer to production start, citing copycat fears; it was still unrevealed in September 2026.", "sources": [ "hs-a368f277dc" ] }, { "date": "2026-04", "year": 2026, "title": "Robot beats human half-marathon record", "summary": "Honor's Lightning ran the Beijing half marathon autonomously in 50:26, under the human record of 57:20.", "sources": [ "hs-61ab8486c4" ] }, { "date": "2026-04", "year": 2026, "title": "Vyommitra integration into Gaganyaan G1", "summary": "ISRO began fitting its half-humanoid Vyommitra into the first uncrewed Gaganyaan capsule; the flight is targeted for Q4 2026 and has not yet flown.", "sources": [ "hs-1dbd26b656" ] }, { "date": "2026-04", "year": 2026, "title": "GMO opens humanoid lab in Shibuya", "summary": "GMO Internet Group opens the GMO Humanoid Lab Shibuya showroom, aiming for 100 robots and 100 engineers.", "sources": [ "hs-ca94b5b9bc" ] }, { "date": "2026-04", "year": 2026, "title": "Asimov v1 humanoid open-sourced", "summary": "Menlo Research publishes the CAD and simulation files for its 1.2 m Asimov v1 biped on GitHub.", "sources": [ "hs-c7812e45c2", "hs-055323a95f" ] }, { "date": "2026-05", "year": 2026, "title": "Figure plans home leasing", "summary": "Brett Adcock said Figure would lease robots for homes at about $600 a month.", "sources": [ "hs-a912ae4b76" ] }, { "date": "2026-06", "year": 2026, "title": "Apollo 2 and Robot Park", "summary": "Apptronik showed Apollo 2 and an Austin 'Robot Park' that runs fleets to train Google DeepMind models.", "sources": [ "hs-bf806eb197" ] }, { "date": "2026-06", "year": 2026, "title": "India funds humanoid development", "summary": "India's IT ministry announced a 500 crore rupee fund for humanoid research and manufacturing.", "sources": [ "hs-56e7af13ad" ] }, { "date": "2026-07", "year": 2026, "title": "Weave Isaac 1 at $7,999", "summary": "Weave Robotics opened pre-orders for its Isaac 1 home robot at $7,999 or $449 a month.", "sources": [ "hs-d897e72ca5" ] }, { "date": "2026-07", "year": 2026, "title": "First commercial humanoid fighting league", "summary": "EngineAI's URKL league opened in Shenzhen with 32 teams fighting on T800 robots.", "sources": [ "hs-b958f3f7c0" ] }, { "date": "2026-07", "year": 2026, "title": "Walden Robotics emerges at a $1.1B valuation", "summary": "Toyota Research Institute spin-out Walden Robotics launches with about $300 million for wheeled humanoid factory robots already working at a Toyota plant.", "sources": [ "hs-4442226f6c" ] }, { "date": "2026-08", "year": 2026, "title": "Unitree lists on Shanghai STAR Market", "summary": "Unitree raised 6.1 billion yuan on 19 August 2026, the first humanoid stock on China's A-share market; shares jumped over 400% on day one, then fell about 45% from the peak within a week.", "sources": [ "hs-b2ce99fb03", "hs-0f234847ab" ] }, { "date": "2026-08", "year": 2026, "title": "Second World Humanoid Robot Games", "summary": "About 2,000 robots from 666 teams competed in Beijing until 26 August; AgiBot claimed 46 medals and Tiangong Ultra ran 100 m in 9.39 s in a heat.", "sources": [ "hs-7e97714c63", "hs-5aeda8a248" ] }, { "date": "2026-08", "year": 2026, "title": "UBTECH half-year humanoid sales", "summary": "UBTECH sold 921 full-size humanoids in H1 2026 for 590 million yuan, up 1,445% year on year.", "sources": [ "hs-63a6dfe9f6" ] }, { "date": "2026-08", "year": 2026, "title": "World Robot Conference 2026, Beijing", "summary": "The 11th WRC (19-23 Aug 2026, Beijing E-Town) closed with 311 debut products reported, including new humanoids such as Galaxea Nexo, Vbot ATOM and Tiangong Omni.", "sources": [ "hs-ed810683c3", "hs-7b53f83fde" ] }, { "date": "2026-08", "year": 2026, "title": "Second World Humanoid Robot Games, Beijing", "summary": "The second Games (22-26 Aug 2026, National Speed Skating Oval) drew 2,056 humanoid robots from 666 teams in 16 countries, about four times the robots of the 2025 edition.", "sources": [ "hs-071445e334" ] }, { "date": "2026-08", "year": 2026, "title": "Atom opens Physical AI Foundry with NSK", "summary": "Startup Atom opens a 1,700 m2 humanoid data-collection centre in Toyosu, Tokyo, and signs an MOU with NSK to co-develop humanoid actuators and gather factory data.", "sources": [ "hs-0bc832271d", "hs-05e894c438", "hs-a94b25843b" ] }, { "date": "2026-08", "year": 2026, "title": "J-HRTI Kanto Data Factory goes live", "summary": "The J-HRTI consortium's 1,400 m2 data factory in Narashino, Chiba, starts full operation with 35 teleoperated robots including AgiBot G2.", "sources": [ "hs-8bd4427b4e" ] }, { "date": "2026-08", "year": 2026, "title": "Tiangong Omni wins small-size 400 m", "summary": "Days after its World Robot Conference debut, X-Humanoid's small Tiangong Omni won the small-size 400 m race at the World Humanoid Robot Games in Beijing.", "sources": [ "hs-7ac80d47f8" ] }, { "date": "2026-08", "year": 2026, "title": "Small home humanoids reach pre-order in China", "summary": "X-Humanoid shows the household Tiangong Omni at the World Robot Conference and Swancor opens pre-orders for its 88 cm Qiyuan Q1 in the same week.", "sources": [ "hs-035ec32f06", "hs-32e622df99" ] }, { "date": "2026-09", "year": 2026, "title": "Persona AI files $142M offering", "summary": "Persona AI reported $65.4M sold toward a planned $142M offering in an SEC Form D.", "sources": [ "hs-3c8aedec93" ] }, { "date": "2026-09", "year": 2026, "title": "Figure melts down Figure 02s", "summary": "Figure scrapped most outdated Figure 02 robots in a Finnish steel mill furnace to protect its hardware designs.", "sources": [ "hs-73c638c1d3" ] }, { "date": "2026-09", "year": 2026, "title": "XPeng starts IRON production line", "summary": "XPeng opened an automated humanoid line in Guangzhou, targeting mass production by end of 2026.", "sources": [ "hs-aa9c3a0fd0" ] }, { "date": "2026-09", "year": 2026, "title": "AIRoA domestic robot competition results", "summary": "Seven Japanese teams (Enactic, EmplifAI, Keigan, THK, HatsuMuv, Nachi-Fujikoshi and ugo) show NEDO-funded general-purpose data-collection robots at the Physical AI Summit in Tokyo.", "sources": [ "hs-645fc964d3" ] } ], "makers": [ { "id": "1x", "name": "1X Technologies", "country": "Norway", "type": "Company", "founded": "2014", "hq": "Palo Alto, United States", "summary": "Founded in Norway as Halodi Robotics and renamed 1X in 2022, the company now runs from California with factories in Hayward and Moss, Norway. It built the wheeled EVE and now sells the NEO home humanoid.", "focus": "home humanoids (NEO) after earlier wheeled security and logistics robots (EVE)", "funding": "$23.5M Series A2 led by OpenAI Startup Fund (Mar 2023); $100M Series B led by EQT Ventures (Jan 2024); reported to be seeking up to $1B (Sept 2025, unconfirmed).", "partners": "NVIDIA (Jetson Thor, GEAR Lab research); acquired Kind Humanoid (Jan 2025)", "website": "https://www.1x.tech", "sources": [ "hs-d67432039c", "hs-75d33c8573", "hs-976479cd90", "hs-80fe9d2e26" ] }, { "id": "58-intelligent", "name": "58 Intelligent Technology (Wuba Intelligent Tech)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2022", "hq": "Hangzhou, China", "summary": "Hangzhou robot maker launched in February 2022, reported to be backed by state-owned NORINCO and led by founder and CEO Cheng Peng; it is better known for quadrupeds (Robowolf, Skywolf) and builds the Da Sheng humanoid for factories and emergency response.", "focus": "Quadrupeds and industrial humanoids", "funding": "Reportedly about US$69 million raised (trade blog citing Chinese reports)", "partners": "Sichuan Changhong (factory trials)", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-cc962978c1" ] }, { "id": "a-star-social-lab", "name": "A*STAR Social Robotics Lab", "country": "Singapore", "type": "Government lab", "founded": null, "hq": "Singapore", "summary": "A social robotics lab within A*STAR, Singapore's government research agency (founded 1991 as the National Science and Technology Board). It built Olivia, a wheeled humanoid used as an office receptionist to test social robot technology.", "focus": "social and receptionist robots", "funding": "Government-funded; A*STAR is a statutory board of the Singapore government.", "partners": null, "website": "https://www.a-star.edu.sg/", "sources": [ "hs-1319fa6ca7" ] }, { "id": "aalborg-university", "name": "Aalborg University with ATR, Hiroshi Ishiguro Lab and Kokoro", "country": "Denmark", "type": "University lab", "founded": "1974", "hq": "Aalborg, Denmark", "summary": "Aalborg University is a Danish public university known for project-based teaching. Its Center for Computer-mediated Epistemology, led by Henrik Schärfe, commissioned the Geminoid DK android from Kokoro to study human-robot interaction.", "focus": "lifelike teleoperated androids for human-robot interaction research", "funding": "public university (total budget about DKK 3.09 billion in 2021)", "partners": "Kokoro (built the android), ATR and Hiroshi Ishiguro of Osaka University (Geminoid series)", "website": "https://www.en.aau.dk/", "sources": [ "hs-3c63260221", "hs-fd8f49e8b4" ] }, { "id": "addverb", "name": "Addverb (Reliance)", "country": "India", "type": "Company", "founded": "2016", "hq": "Noida, India", "summary": "Indian warehouse-automation company, majority owned by Reliance, now moving into humanoids. It showed the wheeled Elixis-W in 2026.", "focus": "warehouse robots and industrial humanoids made in India", "funding": "Reliance Retail bought 54% for $132 million in Jan 2022 at a $270 million valuation.", "partners": "350+ clients, 500+ warehouses automated, 2,000+ robots deployed (company).", "website": "https://addverb.com", "sources": [ "hs-9a8e123592", "hs-ab482bfc5d" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/addverb.png", "author": "Addverb Technologies", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Addverb_logo.png", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Addverb_logo.png", "article": "File:Addverb logo.png" } }, { "id": "aeirobot", "name": "AeiROBOT", "country": "South Korea", "type": "Company", "founded": "2018", "hq": "Ansan, South Korea", "summary": "Korean humanoid startup founded by CEO Eom Yun-seol (ex-ROBOTIS) with Hanyang University professor Han Jae-kwon as CTO; its ALICE series placed second at RoboCup in 2022-2023 and runs on its own linear actuators.", "focus": "Biped and wheeled humanoids for factories; linear actuators.", "funding": "About 3.5 billion won seed round (May 2024) from Hana Venture Partners, SGC Partners and Gauss Capital Management.", "partners": "NVIDIA (Inception Grand Challenge finalist)", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-6cc55092d0", "hs-fc6b44f857" ] }, { "id": "aeolus", "name": "Aeolus Robotics", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in United States.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "agibot", "name": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2023", "hq": "Shanghai, China", "summary": "Humanoid maker founded by former Huawei engineers Peng Zhihui and Deng Taihua; shipped over 5,000 robots in 2025 and controls Swancor Advanced Materials.", "focus": "Full-size industrial and service humanoids, small personal robots, robot rental", "funding": "Valued at about $2.1 billion (PitchBook, March 2025); targeting a Hong Kong IPO", "partners": "ASD cookware stores (100 X2 robots, 2026), Chimelong theme park (300+ robots, 2026), Vietnam National Innovation Center partnership.", "website": "https://www.agibot.com/", "sources": [ "hs-f81bc2a860", "hs-e5968ed4db", "hs-9a1730c896", "hs-50a6da1c1c", "hs-97c934af66", "hs-01de3f87a4", "hs-ecbdb23f84", "hs-2fa942fd62", "hs-145f50cbbe", "hs-d5932408f3", "hs-d07a13c0a8", "hs-469558df24", "hs-5b3eb30a85", "hs-d351ff591c", "hs-d5a5d7067c" ] }, { "id": "agile-robots", "name": "Agile Robots", "country": "Germany", "type": "Company", "founded": "2018", "hq": "Munich, Germany", "summary": "German Aerospace Center (DLR) spin-off making robot arms, mobile robots and automation systems, which launched the Agile ONE industrial humanoid in November 2025. It owns Franka Robotics and idealworks.", "focus": "industrial automation and humanoids for factories", "funding": "$220M Series C led by SoftBank Vision Fund 2 at over $1B valuation (Sept 2021); company says 2025 revenue doubled to EUR 200M.", "partners": "Owns Franka Robotics (2023) and idealworks, a BMW spin-off (fully owned Sept 2025)", "website": "https://www.agile-robots.com", "sources": [ "hs-89478b4649" ] }, { "id": "agility", "name": "Agility Robotics", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": "2015", "hq": "Salem, Oregon, United States", "summary": "Oregon State University spin-off that makes Digit, a bipedal humanoid working in warehouses under paid contracts. It builds Digit at its RoboFab factory and plans to go public through a SPAC.", "focus": "warehouse and logistics humanoids (tote handling)", "funding": "Planned SPAC merger with Churchill Capital Corp XI at about $2.5B, expected gross proceeds over $620M including a $200M PIPE led by Foxconn (reported Sept 2026).", "partners": "GXO (first humanoid RaaS contract, 2024), Schaeffler, Amazon, Mercado Libre, Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada, Ford; FORT Robotics (safety)", "website": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com", "sources": [ "hs-8ace06859b", "hs-b1fddb7f04", "hs-7d8de9022d", "hs-5f16c49398", "hs-f7827b4102", "hs-60bf4bcb7c", "hs-30036a2080", "hs-cd7af3bad3", "hs-ea7c954e5a", "hs-ac0c97100a", "hs-59097e548b", "hs-d5932408f3" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/agility.png", "author": "Agility Robotics", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Agility_Robotics_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Agility_Robotics_logo.svg", "article": "File:Agility Robotics logo.svg" } }, { "id": "aimoga", "name": "AiMOGA Robotics (Chery)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2025", "hq": "Wuhu, China", "summary": "Chery's robotics unit, incubated in January 2025, which sells the Mornine humanoid, police robots and robot dogs. It uses Chery's dealer network to sell robots in more than 60 countries.", "focus": "service, sales and police humanoids plus quadrupeds", "funding": "Chery subsidiary preparing an IPO (Aug 2026); funding not disclosed.", "partners": "Chery/OMODA dealers (300+ signed), Chinese police (110 units, H1 2026).", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-37ef4749cd", "hs-932490dcf8", "hs-b250149008" ] }, { "id": "ai", "name": "AI² Robotics (Zhipingfang, Shenzhen)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2023", "hq": "Shenzhen, China (offices also in Beijing and Shanghai)", "summary": "Embodied-AI company founded in April 2023 by CEO Guo Yandong, formerly of Microsoft, OPPO and XPeng, that builds the wheeled AlphaBot robots and the GOVLA vision-language-action model.", "focus": "General-purpose wheeled humanoids for car, semiconductor and biotech factories and public services; VLA models", "funding": "Pre-A+ round of several hundred million yuan (March 2025)", "partners": "Peking University (joint lab), Bloomage Biotech, Jingneng Microelectronics (Geely Technology)", "website": "https://www.ai2robotics.com", "sources": [ "hs-bc731b9b27", "hs-6fe3079029" ] }, { "id": "akinrobotics", "name": "AkinRobotics", "country": "Turkey", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Konya, Turkey", "summary": "Humanoid robot arm of Turkish software firm AkinSoft (operating since 1995), which opened what it called Turkey's first humanoid robot factory in Konya in November 2017 to build ADA service robots.", "focus": "Service humanoids for malls, airports, hospitals and events", "funding": null, "partners": "AkinSoft (parent)", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-d430e8c1b3", "hs-14d7af5443" ] }, { "id": "aldebaran", "name": "Aldebaran (formerly Aldebaran Robotics, later SoftBank Robotics Europe)", "country": "France", "type": "Company", "founded": "2005", "hq": "Paris, France", "summary": "French maker of the NAO and Pepper robots and the Romeo research humanoid, owned by SoftBank from 2013 and by United Robotics Group from 2022. It entered receivership in June 2025 and its assets were bought in July 2025 by China's Maxvision Technologies, whose French unit Maxtronics continues NAO6.", "focus": "Small programmable humanoids for education and research (NAO) and social service robots (Pepper)", "funding": "US$13 million venture round led by Intel Capital (June 2011); acquired by SoftBank for about US$100 million (2013); sold to United Robotics Group (July 2022); assets bought by Maxvision (July 2025)", "partners": "SoftBank Mobile (Pepper sales); Foxconn (Pepper manufacturing); RoboCup Standard Platform League (NAO); INRIA, ISIR and LAAS-CNRS (Project Romeo)", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-a739a4b2a6", "hs-78f2c8c1d2", "hs-f5f1e1de68", "hs-e94233f0a4" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/aldebaran.png", "author": "Lusheeta", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Softbank_mobile_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Softbank_mobile_logo.svg", "article": "File:Softbank mobile logo.svg" } }, { "id": "andromeda", "name": "Andromeda Robotics", "country": "Australia", "type": "Company", "founded": "2022", "hq": "Melbourne, Australia (also operating in the US)", "summary": "Melbourne start-up led by co-founder and CEO Grace Brown that makes Abi, a companion humanoid for aged care, deployed across mecwacare's homes and launched in the US.", "focus": "Companion robots for aged care and memory care", "funding": "US$3 million seed led by Purpose Ventures; A$23 million Series A (September 2025) led by Forerunner Ventures with Main Sequence, Rethink Impact, Artesian, Visible Ventures, Trampoline, Startmate and Purpose Ventures", "partners": "mecwacare, Benetas, Allity (Bolton Clarke), Eskaton", "website": "https://www.andromedarobotics.ai", "sources": [ "hs-e54a5e07a4", "hs-b3b98f43a8", "hs-ea343f4096" ] }, { "id": "apptronik", "name": "Apptronik", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": "2016", "hq": "Austin, United States", "summary": "Spun out of the University of Texas at Austin's Human Centered Robotics Lab, Apptronik builds the Apollo humanoid line. It has developed 15 earlier robots including work on NASA's Valkyrie.", "focus": "general-purpose humanoids for logistics and manufacturing, later retail, healthcare and homes", "funding": "Series A over $935M ($415M in 2025 plus $520M extension, Feb 2026), nearly $1B raised in total; investors include Google, Mercedes-Benz, B Capital, PEAK6, AT&T Ventures, John Deere and QIA.", "partners": "Mercedes-Benz, GXO Logistics, Jabil; Google DeepMind (Gemini Robotics)", "website": "https://apptronik.com", "sources": [ "hs-cdc6fcb7df", "hs-a269e70c28", "hs-734ca33c9c", "hs-7773d8b063", "hs-2ec7840ce7", "hs-6104cf7954", "hs-ac0c97100a", "hs-d5932408f3" ] }, { "id": "artificial-intelligence-dynamic-organism-lab", "name": "Artificial Intelligence Dynamic Organism Lab", "country": "Russia", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Moscow, Russia", "summary": "AIDOL is a small Russian startup (14 people reported in 2025) building an anthropomorphic AI robot with an expressive face, in walking and desktop versions. Its walking prototype fell on stage at its Moscow debut in November 2025.", "focus": "Conversational humanoid robots for reception, services, industry and education", "funding": "Self-funded, with no major government or corporate backers (2025 report)", "partners": null, "website": "https://aidoltech.ru/", "sources": [ "hs-042df11831", "hs-da3a81c071", "hs-07d5f8466f" ] }, { "id": "astribot", "name": "Astribot (Stardust Intelligence)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2022", "hq": "Shenzhen, China", "summary": "Shenzhen start-up founded in late 2022 that builds fast, cable-driven wheeled humanoids. Its S1 targets household-style and service tasks.", "focus": "AI-first wheeled humanoid assistants for homes, retail and research", "funding": "Series B over 1 billion yuan across three rounds in three months (June 2026), valuation above 10 billion yuan.", "partners": null, "website": "https://www.astribot.com", "sources": [ "hs-f9b788e98f", "hs-17c373e21f", "hs-d20e21cb0f", "hs-b550e66d69", "hs-f91c980406", "hs-d5932408f3" ] }, { "id": "atom-humanoid", "name": "ATOM Inc. (株式会社アトム)", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": "2025 (November)", "hq": "Tokyo, Japan (Koto-ku per releases; profile lists Chuo-ku)", "summary": "Tokyo startup led by CEO Shunsuke Aoki building a bipedal five-fingered humanoid and its own physical-AI foundation model, with an aim of raising Japan's GDP by 1%.", "focus": "Japanese-built humanoids and physical-AI foundation models for factories and logistics", "funding": null, "partners": "NSK (actuator co-development and data collection, MOU Aug 2026)", "website": "https://atom-humanoid.com", "sources": [ "hs-0bc832271d", "hs-05e894c438" ] }, { "id": "atr-computational-neuroscience", "name": "ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories and JST ICORP, hardware by SARCOS", "country": "Japan", "type": "Consortium", "founded": "1986", "hq": "Keihanna Science City (Kyoto area), Japan", "summary": "ATR is a Japanese research organisation founded in 1986 whose Computational Neuroscience Laboratories study the brain and brain-machine interfaces; with the government-funded JST ICORP Computational Brain Project (director Mitsuo Kawato) it commissioned the CB humanoid. The hardware came from SARCOS of Salt Lake City, founded 1983, later owned by Raytheon and now Palladyne AI.", "focus": "Humanoid robots as test beds for computational neuroscience and brain-machine interfaces", "funding": "CB built under the JST ICORP programme (Japanese government research funding); SARCOS listed on Nasdaq in 2021 and became Palladyne AI (Nasdaq: PDYN) in 2024", "partners": "SARCOS (hardware), Duke University Nicolelis lab (2008 brain-signal walking experiment), Carnegie Mellon University (Christopher Atkeson, walking control)", "website": "https://www.atr.jp/index_e.html", "sources": [ "hs-df9d6a1291", "hs-dc568af7f3", "hs-f62eb63170" ] }, { "id": "autolife", "name": "AutoLife Robotics", "country": "Singapore", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in Singapore.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "beijing-humanoid-innovation-center", "name": "Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center (X-Humanoid)", "country": "China", "type": "Consortium", "founded": "2023", "hq": "Beijing, China", "summary": "State-backed Beijing innovation centre behind the Tiangong humanoids, the Huisi Kaiwu platform, Pelican VLMs and RoboMIND dataset; won the 2025 Beijing humanoid half-marathon.", "focus": "Open humanoid platforms, embodied-AI software and data", "funding": "About $100 million commercial financing (early 2026)", "partners": "D-Robotics (Xuri S600 chip)", "website": "https://www.x-humanoid.com/", "sources": [ "hs-0b19bfc26f", "hs-9f275f0e93", "hs-bef48bdb70", "hs-93a3445790", "hs-d5264f616c", "hs-d5932408f3" ] }, { "id": "beijing-institute-of-technology", "name": "Beijing Institute of Technology", "country": "China", "type": "University lab", "founded": "1940", "hq": "Beijing, China", "summary": "Public Chinese research university under the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, whose humanoid group led by Qiang Huang and Zhangguo Yu builds the BHR series. BHR-5 was designed for fast reactive motion such as table tennis, and BHR6P for fall-damage research.", "focus": "Fast, reactive biped humanoids (BHR series), table-tennis play and fall protection", "funding": "Public university (Chinese government)", "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-342068f1d6", "hs-f25c2cf212", "hs-d9ffb465eb" ] }, { "id": "bielefeld-university", "name": "Bielefeld University", "country": "Germany", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in Germany.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "blogic", "name": "Blogic", "country": "Czech Republic", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in Czech Republic.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "boardwalk", "name": "Boardwalk Robotics", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": "2017", "hq": null, "summary": "Robotics company and commercial partner of Florida's IHMC that helped build the Nadia humanoid. Its Alex is a legless humanoid upper body sold for research and piloted in industry.", "focus": "upper-body humanoids for logistics, food processing, manufacturing and aviation maintenance", "funding": null, "partners": "IHMC (commercial partner); unnamed pilot customers", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-268b6887db", "hs-d26672398d" ] }, { "id": "booster", "name": "Booster Robotics", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2023", "hq": "Beijing, China", "summary": "Beijing start-up led by CEO Cheng Hao that makes small developer humanoids. Its T1 and K1 robots dominate RoboCup humanoid soccer.", "focus": "developer, education and competition humanoids", "funding": "Series A about 500 million yuan (mid-2025); Series A+ over 100 million yuan (Jul 2025, Beijing robot and AI funds); nearly 1 billion yuan round (Apr 2026) led by Beijing High-Precision Industry Fund, Guosheng and Huakun, with IDG and Shenzhen Capital following on.", "partners": "RoboCup Federation robot program; 400 K1 clients in 20+ countries (company).", "website": "https://www.booster.tech", "sources": [ "hs-32aaa35867", "hs-5a49c9aa1d", "hs-d69339cb53", "hs-c5c70e670f", "hs-e5f9720519", "hs-d5932408f3", "hs-d5102b3fc9" ] }, { "id": "borg", "name": "Borg Robotics", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": "2022", "hq": "Detroit, Michigan, United States", "summary": "Detroit start-up building a modular robot workforce for factories and logistics, including the leg-or-wheel Borg 01 humanoid, an autonomous pallet jack and forklift, with actuators made in-house.", "focus": "Modular industrial humanoids and autonomous material-handling robots", "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": "https://www.borgrobotic.com", "sources": [ "hs-893af130b3" ] }, { "id": "boston-dynamics", "name": "Boston Dynamics", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": "1992", "hq": "Waltham, Massachusetts, United States", "summary": "MIT spin-off known for Atlas, Spot and Stretch, majority-owned by Hyundai Motor Group. It began producing the commercial electric Atlas in 2026.", "focus": "mobile robots and industrial humanoids for car plants and logistics", "funding": "Owned by Hyundai Motor Group since June 2021 (80% stake bought from SoftBank for about $880M; SoftBank kept about 20%).", "partners": "Hyundai Motor Group (RMAC, Hyundai Mobis actuators), Google DeepMind (foundation models), FieldAI", "website": "https://bostondynamics.com", "sources": [ "hs-232e7055b0", "hs-bcf4cb1bb2", "hs-9dfb54ddcb", "hs-8f149a3953", "hs-d2bb39923c", "hs-842ae69f4c", "hs-43f3296846", "hs-ac0c97100a" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/boston-dynamics.png", "author": "Cleanoxygenforeveryone", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BostonDynamics_Logo.svg", "article": "File:BostonDynamics Logo.svg" } }, { "id": "bristol-laboratory", "name": "Bristol Robotics Laboratory with Elumotion", "country": "United Kingdom", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in United Kingdom.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "bundeswehr-university-munich", "name": "Bundeswehr University Munich", "country": "Germany", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in Germany.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "byd", "name": "BYD", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in China.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "bytedance-seed", "name": "ByteDance Seed", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in China.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "carnegie-mellon-university", "name": "Carnegie Mellon University, Siddhartha Srinivasa lab", "country": "United States", "type": "University lab", "founded": "1900", "hq": "Pittsburgh, United States", "summary": "Carnegie Mellon is a private research university in Pittsburgh whose Robotics Institute hosted Siddhartha Srinivasa's Personal Robotics Lab. The lab built HERB, a two-armed household butler robot, from 2006 and later moved to the University of Washington.", "focus": "Household mobile manipulation and human-robot interaction research", "funding": "Private university (endowment about 4.29 billion dollars, 2025); HERB's initial funding came from Intel and the NSF-backed Quality of Life Technology Center", "partners": "Intel; Quality of Life Technology Center; Oreo 'Cookie vs. Creme' campaign (2013)", "website": "https://personalrobotics.cs.washington.edu", "sources": [ "hs-5a79600ee4", "hs-3d492e1ff9" ] }, { "id": "cartwheel", "name": "Cartwheel Robotics", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Nevada, USA", "summary": "Small startup founded by Scott LaValley (ex-Boston Dynamics Atlas team and Disney's Baby Groot robot lead) to build friendly social humanoids; it ran about four years and closed in early 2026 after failing to raise manufacturing capital.", "focus": "Character-style social humanoids (Yogi, Speedy) for homes, museums and science centres; robotics engineering services.", "funding": "About $3 million in outside capital; earlier bootstrapped with engineering-services revenue.", "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-87f28392da", "hs-9fa99fce57" ] }, { "id": "casbot", "name": "CASBOT (Beijing Zhongke Huiling Robot Technology)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2023", "hq": "Beijing, China", "summary": "Humanoid startup with a team drawn mainly from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tsinghua and Beijing Institute of Technology; launched CASBOT 01 in November 2024, then CASBOT 02 and the wheeled W1 in 2025.", "focus": "Biped and wheeled humanoids, dexterous hands, CASBOT Embodied Brain software.", "funding": "Over 100 million yuan by February 2025 (Lenovo Capital, Henan Assets, SDIC Guochuang); nearly 100 million yuan angel+ round led by Bluestar Technology in June 2025.", "partners": "Bluestar, Lenovo, CITIC Heavy Industries, Zhaojin Group, China Minerals", "website": "https://www.casbot.tech", "sources": [ "hs-b85372b97d", "hs-24887da7e5", "hs-54dcec9e16", "hs-6788f19c17" ] }, { "id": "cetc-21st-research-institute", "name": "CETC 21st Research Institute", "country": "China", "type": "Government lab", "founded": null, "hq": "Shanghai, China", "summary": "Motor and electromechanical institute of state-owned China Electronics Technology Group; with CETC Robotics it builds integrated electric joints, quadrupeds, exoskeletons and the Explorer D1 humanoid, and hosts the annual China Small Motor exhibition.", "focus": "Micro and special motors, integrated humanoid joints, legged robots, exoskeletons.", "funding": "State-owned (CETC).", "partners": "CETC Robotics", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-652cbeda87", "hs-195c19af8a" ] }, { "id": "changan-automobile", "name": "Changan Automobile", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in China.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "cinvestav-guadalajara", "name": "Cinvestav Guadalajara", "country": "Mexico", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in Mexico.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "clone", "name": "Clone Robotics", "country": "Poland", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Startup working in the United States and Poland that builds musculoskeletal androids moved by water-driven Myofiber artificial muscles. Founders are Dhanush Radhakrishna and Lukasz Kozlik.", "focus": "biomimetic musculoskeletal humanoids", "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": "https://www.clonerobotics.com", "sources": [ "hs-a6240d9d5a", "hs-d8f6a13af1", "hs-4b208e195e" ] }, { "id": "cloudminds", "name": "CloudMinds (DataA Robotics)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2015", "hq": "Shanghai, China (earlier US office in Santa Clara, California)", "summary": "Cloud-robotics company co-founded by CEO Bill Huang and president Robert Zhang, backed by SoftBank, whose HARIX 'cloud brain' runs its service robots (XR-1, cleaning and security robots); it filed for a US$500 million IPO in 2019 and later moved into bipedal humanoids such as XR4.", "focus": "Cloud-connected service robots and humanoids for elder care, commercial services and manufacturing", "funding": "SoftBank-backed; filed for a US$500 million IPO in June 2019 (The Robot Report)", "partners": "Sprint (5G demo, 2019)", "website": "https://www.dataarobotics.com/en", "sources": [ "hs-324656777d", "hs-e92eb86354", "hs-6b4a17f22b", "hs-88aa678b12" ] }, { "id": "cyan", "name": "Cyan Robotics (Shanghai Qingxin Yichuang Technology)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Caohejing Hi-Tech Park, Xuhui district, Shanghai, China", "summary": "Shanghai start-up incubated at Caohejing Hi-Tech Park that makes the Orca I biped, known for straight-knee walking and an LLM-driven 'emotional' gait; Orca I completed the first humanoid half marathon in April 2025.", "focus": "Small full-size humanoids for research, social interaction and education", "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": "https://www.cyanborg.com", "sources": [ "hs-0565b575b3", "hs-ed8ae6cbfe" ] }, { "id": "deep", "name": "DEEP Robotics", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2017", "hq": "Hangzhou, China", "summary": "Hangzhou maker best known for Jueying quadrupeds used in industrial inspection and power utilities, now also building DR01 and DR02 humanoids; Humanoids Daily reported a STAR Market IPO filing in May 2026.", "focus": "Quadruped, wheel-legged and humanoid robots for inspection, utilities and emergency response.", "funding": "Reported to have filed for a STAR Market IPO in May 2026 (Humanoids Daily)", "partners": "Kandi Technologies (North America products, 2025)", "website": "https://www.deeprobotics.cn", "sources": [ "hs-025a69ca6c", "hs-c893df4b8e", "hs-6c28ce02d6" ] }, { "id": "delft-university-of", "name": "Delft University of Technology", "country": "Netherlands", "type": "University lab", "founded": "1842", "hq": "Delft, Netherlands", "summary": "The Netherlands' largest public technical university. Its robotics researchers built walking robots including Flame and the soccer-playing humanoid TUlip.", "focus": "bipedal walking and gait control; RoboCup soccer humanoids", "funding": "Public university; 2024 budget about €1.09 billion.", "partners": null, "website": "https://www.tudelft.nl/en/", "sources": [ "hs-822c05289d" ] }, { "id": "devanthro", "name": "Devanthro", "country": "Germany", "type": "Company", "founded": "2018-05", "hq": "Munich, Germany", "summary": "Munich company founded in May 2018 from the Roboy student team, which pivoted in 2023 to home-care Robody avatars that remote carers drive in VR, piloting in homes and care sites in Germany.", "focus": "Teleoperated humanoid avatars for elderly home care", "funding": null, "partners": "Charite Berlin, University of Oxford, Diakonie, Augustinum", "website": "https://www.devanthro.com/", "sources": [ "hs-bf94034ee7", "hs-8178a6e115" ] }, { "id": "dexmate", "name": "Dexmate", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": "2024", "hq": null, "summary": "US startup founded by AI robotics researchers, led by CEO Tao Chen, that makes Vega, a wheeled humanoid with a folding torso. It also offers a physical-AI development platform.", "focus": "wheeled mobile manipulators for research and industry", "funding": "Undisclosed investment from NEC Orchestrating Future Fund (Aug 2026); other totals not confirmed from a primary source.", "partners": "NEC; logos of Harvard, Berkeley, Columbia, Princeton, LG, Samsung SDS and Field AI on its site", "website": "https://www.dexmate.com", "sources": [ "hs-4681aca51d", "hs-e9a511fa65" ] }, { "id": "dfki-innovation-center", "name": "DFKI Robotics Innovation Center", "country": "Germany", "type": "Government lab", "founded": null, "hq": "Bremen, Germany", "summary": "Bremen branch of the German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence, led by Frank Kirchner, building space, underwater and humanoid robots such as RH5 under DLR/BMBF-funded projects.", "focus": "Space, underwater, humanoid and exoskeleton robotics", "funding": "Federal funds via DLR and BMBF for RH5 projects", "partners": "Projects SemProM, Robofoot, BesMan, HySociaTea, DLR SpaceBot-Cup", "website": "https://robotik.dfki-bremen.de/en/", "sources": [ "hs-daae03af5f", "hs-29145aab35", "hs-e17c628c5f", "hs-8ef58d1ee6" ] }, { "id": "digit", "name": "Digit (Shenzhen) Technology (Digital Huaxia)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2024", "hq": "Shenzhen, China", "summary": "Shenzhen start-up founded in 2024 that makes service humanoids with lifelike or sci-fi faces: Xia Lan, the general-purpose Xia Qi (March 2025) and the dual-form Xingxingxia P01.", "focus": "Reception, patrol and exhibition humanoids", "funding": "Angel round of tens of millions of yuan (March 2025)", "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-de13d79c94", "hs-39e6388d97" ] }, { "id": "diligent", "name": "Diligent Robotics", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": "2017", "hq": "Austin, United States", "summary": "Diligent Robotics, founded by Andrea Thomaz and Vivian Chu, builds Moxi, a one-armed hospital robot that runs deliveries for nurses. Serve Robotics agreed to buy it in January 2026, with Diligent to continue as a subsidiary.", "focus": "Mobile manipulation robots for hospital logistics", "funding": "Raised more than $75M in venture capital, most recently $25M in 2023 (TechCrunch); acquisition by Serve Robotics announced 20 Jan 2026 for $29M plus up to $5.3M in milestones, close expected Q1 2026", "partners": "Four Texas hospitals in 2018 beta; more than 25 US hospitals by Jan 2026 (company figure); investors include True Ventures", "website": "https://www.diligentrobots.com", "sources": [ "hs-f8855cbaf1", "hs-e355d52e78", "hs-add711f3f8", "hs-1940e0da96" ] }, { "id": "discover", "name": "DISCOVER Robotics", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2023", "hq": null, "summary": "Embodied-AI company founded in January 2023 and incubated by Tsinghua University's Institute for AI Industry Research (AIR); it sells AIRBOT arms, grippers and mobile manipulators and develops the DISCOVERSE simulator, LOOP data engine and ORION model.", "focus": "Robot arms, mobile manipulators and data-collection systems for research and education", "funding": null, "partners": "Tsinghua AIR", "website": "https://www.discover-robotics.com", "sources": [ "hs-c3e778535d" ] }, { "id": "dobot", "name": "Dobot (Shenzhen Yuejiang Technology)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2015", "hq": "Shenzhen, China", "summary": "Shenzhen maker of collaborative and desktop robot arms founded by Liu Peichao and Lang Xulin. It launched the Atom humanoid in 2025.", "focus": "collaborative robots, education robots and humanoids", "funding": "Public company: HKEX 2432, IPO 23 Dec 2024 raising HK$681 million.", "partners": null, "website": "https://www.dobot-robots.com", "sources": [ "hs-57741f634e", "hs-33391547de" ] }, { "id": "dongfeng", "name": "Dongfeng Motor with Huazhong University of Science and Technology", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in China.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "donut", "name": "Donut Robotics Co., Ltd.", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": "2014 (incorporated 2016)", "hq": "Tokyo, Japan", "summary": "Japanese startup led by CEO Taisuke Ono, known for the cinnamon translation and guide robots at airports and care homes, now developing the cinnamon 1 biped on an OEM body with its own AI.", "focus": "Service robots and humanoids for care, construction, factories and security", "funding": "¥300 million from Charm Care Corporation (Oct 2026); capital alliance with MBS Inc. (Oct 2025)", "partners": "Charm Care Corporation; MBS Inc.", "website": "https://www.donutrobotics.com", "sources": [ "hs-c19b4af6ac", "hs-0f25d4b4f4" ] }, { "id": "drdo-centre", "name": "DRDO Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics (CAIR)", "country": "India", "type": "Government lab", "founded": null, "hq": "India (CAIR Bengaluru; R&DE Engineers Pune)", "summary": "Labs of India's Defence Research and Development Organisation building a bipedal humanoid for dangerous military tasks. R&DE (Engineers) in Pune leads the work with CAIR.", "focus": "military humanoids for hazardous frontline tasks", "funding": "Government-funded (DRDO).", "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-14f6942a87", "hs-32446c24d6" ] }, { "id": "droidup", "name": "DroidUp (Shanghai Zhuoyide Robot Co.)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2023", "hq": "Shanghai, China", "summary": "Shanghai maker of bipedal humanoids and lifelike expression robots founded by Li Qingdu, claiming 20 years of team experience in biped control.", "focus": "Biomimetic humanoids for research, culture-tourism, public service and eldercare", "funding": "Nearly 100 million yuan Pre-A+ round (February 2026) led by Pudong Leading Area Investment Center and Zhangjiang Science and Technology VC.", "partners": "GUJIN (retail deployment)", "website": "https://www.droidup.com/", "sources": [ "hs-96e4644243", "hs-fc848b2ddd", "hs-993141488b" ] }, { "id": "elephant", "name": "Elephant Robotics", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2016", "hq": "Shenzhen, China", "summary": "A Shenzhen robotics company formally set up in August 2016 that makes low-cost desktop and collaborative robot arms (myCobot, mechArm, ultraArm), robot pets such as MarsCat, and the Mercury humanoid series launched in December 2023. It says it ships over 60,000 robots a year to users in more than 70 countries, mainly in education and research.", "focus": "affordable robot arms and wheeled humanoids for education, research and light commercial use", "funding": "seed from HAX/SOSV (2016) and an angel round (2017); amounts not disclosed", "partners": "Huawei (eco-partner, 2019), NVIDIA Inception, Microsoft Autonomous Systems and Robotics Group, iFLYTEK; maker says 500+ universities and research institutes use its robots", "website": "https://www.elephantrobotics.com/en/", "sources": [ "hs-0f25a2df8a", "hs-d6c1ef9c43", "hs-47743fd80f" ] }, { "id": "elite-robots", "name": "Elite Robots (艾利特智能机器人股份有限公司)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2016", "hq": "Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (registration in Jiangsu; HQ not stated on site)", "summary": "Chinese collaborative-robot maker that says it has sold nearly 20,000 cobots in 50+ countries; it added mobile composite robots and, in 2026, the Centaur-G1 wheeled humanoid under a 'one brain, many forms' strategy.", "focus": "Cobots, mobile manipulators, wheeled humanoids and the Primo industrial embodied-AI platform", "funding": "RMB 600 million D+ round (March 2026); listed in the 2026 Hurun Global Unicorn ranking", "partners": null, "website": "https://www.elibot.com/", "sources": [ "hs-5d50c0e9b5", "hs-6f8baddd71" ] }, { "id": "elumotion", "name": "Elumotion Ltd with Bristol Robotics Laboratory", "country": "United Kingdom", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in United Kingdom.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "emplifai-consortium", "name": "EmplifAI consortium (EmplifAI, Mazda, Airia, Asratec, TASKO)", "country": "Japan", "type": "Consortium", "founded": null, "hq": "Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan (EmplifAI)", "summary": "Consortium led by EmplifAI (CEO Hiroyuki Osone) that built the OpenShell expressive wheeled robot for AIRoA's NEDO-funded domestic robot competition; the only consortium entrant.", "focus": "Open-source data-collection robots with expressive faces", "funding": null, "partners": "Mazda, Airia, Asratec, TASKO; artist Takayuki Todo (head design); Enactic OpenArm", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-b6343f2f8a", "hs-645fc964d3" ] }, { "id": "enactic", "name": "Enactic Inc.", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": "2025-07", "hq": "Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan", "summary": "Tokyo start-up linked to Reazon Holdings that leads the open-source OpenArm project and is building the Ena care-assistant robot; representative director Daijiro Mori, CEO Yasutoyo Yamamoto per press.", "focus": "Care-home assistant robots, open-source arms, physical AI", "funding": null, "partners": "100+ Japanese care operators; NVIDIA (Cosmos Coalition, GR00T trials); AIRoA competition", "website": "https://care.enactic.ai/", "sources": [ "hs-199cdecaf5", "hs-6ce56cea08", "hs-6dd5cfce56" ] }, { "id": "enchanted-tools", "name": "Enchanted Tools", "country": "France", "type": "Company", "founded": "2021", "hq": "Paris, France", "summary": "French robotics company founded by Jerome Monceaux, a designer of Nao and Pepper, and Samuel Benveniste. It makes Mirokai ball-balancing service robots for hospitals, care homes and public spaces.", "focus": "social and logistics robots for healthcare, eldercare, hospitality and retail", "funding": "EUR 17M seed (company describes it as the largest early-stage round in French robotics).", "partners": "Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, Mather Institute, LiveOak Day Care, Lyon-Saint-Exupery Airport, APREH, ISIR", "website": "https://enchanted.tools", "sources": [ "hs-052d680a0b", "hs-dd5d9398b7" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/enchanted-tools.png", "author": "Enchanted Tools", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Enchanted_Tools_Logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Enchanted_Tools_Logo.svg", "article": "File:Enchanted Tools Logo.svg" } }, { "id": "engineai", "name": "EngineAI (Zhongqing Robotics)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2023", "hq": "Shenzhen, China", "summary": "Shenzhen company founded in 2023 by Zhao Tongyang, formerly head of XPeng's humanoid programme. It sells SE01, PM01 and T800 humanoids and runs a robot fighting league.", "focus": "affordable full-size and compact humanoids for commercial, education and entertainment use", "funding": "Seed round Aug 2024; nearly $140 million raised in 2025 led by JD.com.", "partners": "JD.com (sales channel and investor); 3,000-4,000 T800 intention orders (CEO, Dec 2025).", "website": "https://www.engineai.com.cn", "sources": [ "hs-9b00fb0caa", "hs-2ed2e99eec", "hs-b958f3f7c0", "hs-7959cd1956", "hs-d5932408f3", "hs-9fba0701b7" ] }, { "id": "engineered-arts", "name": "Engineered Arts Ltd", "country": "United Kingdom", "type": "Company", "founded": "2004", "hq": "Falmouth, United Kingdom", "summary": "Engineered Arts is a Cornish company, founded by Will Jackson, that builds expressive entertainment and social humanoids such as RoboThespian, Mesmer and Ameca. It also built the hardware for the Ai-Da robot artist and sells its Tritium robot software.", "focus": "Social and entertainment humanoids with lifelike faces for museums, events, education and research", "funding": null, "partners": "RoboThespian installations at NASA Kennedy Space Center, Questacon, Copernicus Science Centre and Futuroscope; university users including UCL and UNC Chapel Hill; Ai-Da built for Aidan Meller. The company reports 250+ robots deployed in 30+ countries.", "website": "https://engineeredarts.com/", "sources": [ "hs-f1e2cd2484", "hs-9dc0728623", "hs-ce092d6f0b" ] }, { "id": "estun-codroid", "name": "Estun Codroid (Nanjing Estun Codroid Technology)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Jiangning District, Nanjing, China", "summary": "Humanoid and cobot unit of industrial-robot maker Estun Automation; makes the Codroid 02 humanoid, its own SA rigid and PA quasi-direct-drive joints, cobots and composite robots.", "focus": "Humanoids, joint modules, collaborative and composite robots for welding, palletising, assembly and testing.", "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": "https://www.codroid.ai", "sources": [ "hs-e5c25e565b", "hs-a9ccd225e1" ] }, { "id": "everyday-robots", "name": "Everyday Robots", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in United States.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "faraday-future", "name": "Faraday Future Intelligent Electric Inc.", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": "2014", "hq": "El Segundo, California, United States", "summary": "EV maker founded by Jia Yueting (FF 91, FX Super One) that entered embodied-AI robotics in February 2026, selling Futurist and Master humanoids and FX Aegis quadrupeds largely built by Chinese OEMs.", "focus": "Electric vehicles and embodied-AI robots (EAI Robot World: Futurist, Master, Aegis, Navi, Faber series)", "funding": "Public company (Nasdaq: FFAI); robotics revenue began Q1 2026; filings flag going-concern doubt", "partners": "Sales via Amazon and RobotShop; RoboShare rental arm", "website": "https://www.ff.com", "sources": [ "hs-eb727ec70c", "hs-4a50810dc0", "hs-3334d51ecf", "hs-ffdac9ac83" ] }, { "id": "fauna", "name": "Fauna Robotics", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "New York, USA", "summary": "New York start-up founded by former Meta engineers (CEO Rob Cochran, Josh Merel) that makes the soft Sprout humanoid; acquired by Amazon in March 2026 and folded into its Personal Robotics Group.", "focus": "Safe, approachable humanoids for shared spaces", "funding": "Acquired by Amazon (terms undisclosed)", "partners": "NYU, UC San Diego, Disney, Boston Dynamics (customers)", "website": "https://faunarobotics.com/", "sources": [ "hs-7a1d174ef8", "hs-ffd2c19088" ] }, { "id": "feather", "name": "Feather Robotics", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "San Francisco Bay Area, California, United States", "summary": "Startup co-founded by CEO Hoa Mai (ex-Kind Humanoid) and CPO Parsa Bakhtiari (ex-Tesla) that sells a $29,990 wheeled two-armed developer robot as an open platform for others' AI.", "focus": "Open wheeled humanoid hardware for physical-AI developers", "funding": "$7.6M pre-seed/seed led by Gradient with Builder Capital, Geometry, SEED Innovations and Virgo VC (announced Sept 2026)", "partners": null, "website": "https://feather.dev", "sources": [ "hs-108ed21c32", "hs-eb3c0993a5" ] }, { "id": "figure-ai", "name": "Figure AI", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": "2022", "hq": "San Jose, California, United States", "summary": "Startup founded by Brett Adcock that builds general-purpose humanoids and its own Helix AI models. It makes Figure 03 at its BotQ factory.", "focus": "general-purpose humanoids for work and homes", "funding": "$70M (May 2023); $675M at $2.6B (Feb 2024); over $1B Series C at $39B post-money (Sept 2025).", "partners": "BMW (Spartanburg), Brookfield, Catalyst Brands, NVIDIA, Nscale; OpenAI collaboration ended after about a year", "website": "https://www.figure.ai", "sources": [ "hs-59eb9c8c11", "hs-ed834e20f5", "hs-957e16020c", "hs-ed2e3857d5", "hs-5ecae2c8f8", "hs-b387d03305", "hs-a39c4352e5", "hs-ac0c97100a", "hs-59097e548b", "hs-d5932408f3" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/figure-ai.png", "author": "Figure AI", "license": "CC BY 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Figure-ai-logo.svg", "article": "Figure AI" } }, { "id": "florida-institute", "name": "Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition with Boardwalk Robotics", "country": "United States", "type": "University lab", "founded": "1990", "hq": "Pensacola, Florida, United States", "summary": "IHMC is a not-for-profit research institute of Florida's State University System, founded in 1990 at the University of West Florida, with a second site in Ocala. Its robotics group (led by Robert Griffin) placed second at the 2015 DARPA Robotics Challenge and built the Nadia humanoid with partners including Boardwalk Robotics, followed by Alex.", "focus": "humanoids and exoskeletons for dangerous work such as disaster response, firefighting and military operations", "funding": "federal research grants (ONR, ARL, DARPA, NASA, NSF and others); ONR multi-year contract for Alex; 501(c)(3) non-profit", "partners": "Office of Naval Research, Army Research Laboratory, NASA Johnson Space Center, TARDEC, Moog (actuators), Boardwalk Robotics, Morfey Ltd, H4 Labs", "website": "https://www.ihmc.us/", "sources": [ "hs-9762779e15", "hs-a51be16883", "hs-fe2b4f1902", "hs-6d6c12d52c" ] }, { "id": "foundation-future-industries", "name": "Foundation Future Industries", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": "2024", "hq": "San Francisco, United States", "summary": "Startup led by CEO Sankaet Pathak that builds the Phantom humanoid for defence and industry. It leases robots rather than selling them.", "focus": "humanoids for military and industrial work", "funding": "$11M pre-seed led by Tribe Capital (Aug 2024), about $21M total by 2025 (Sacra); reported to be seeking about $500M at over $3B (Apr 2026, The Next Web).", "partners": "US Army, Navy and Air Force research contracts ($24M, 2026); Eric Trump is chief strategy adviser and investor", "website": "https://www.foundation.bot", "sources": [ "hs-bd064df4e3", "hs-94a781cdf3", "hs-f2e97ffcc2", "hs-686c83b35f" ] }, { "id": "fourier", "name": "Fourier", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2015", "hq": "Shanghai, China", "summary": "Shanghai company that began in rehabilitation robots and exoskeletons and moved into general-purpose humanoids with the GR series. It now focuses on care and companionship robots such as the GR-3 Care-bot.", "focus": "rehabilitation robots and care-oriented humanoids", "funding": "About $246M disclosed in total (Sacra): Series D Jan 2022 (SoftBank Vision Fund 2 lead), Series E about 800 million yuan / $109M closed Jan 2025 (Prosperity7 among investors), Series E+ 300 million yuan Aug 2025 (Runyang Technology).", "partners": "Serves 2,000+ medical institutions and clients in 40+ countries (company); Brooks Rehabilitation, Singapore National Healthcare Group, Nagoya University, BASF.", "website": "https://www.fftai.com", "sources": [ "hs-52b42cdfdd", "hs-2452905699", "hs-1d0a578fa9", "hs-034a34a3e8", "hs-9fba0701b7" ] }, { "id": "foxconn", "name": "Foxconn (Hon Hai Precision Industry)", "country": "Taiwan", "type": "Company", "founded": "1974", "hq": "New Taipei City, Taiwan", "summary": "The world's largest electronics contract manufacturer, founded by Terry Gou. It showed its own bipedal humanoid in 2025 and plans to use NVIDIA-based humanoids in its US plants.", "focus": "electronics manufacturing; humanoids for its own factories", "funding": "Public company (TWSE 2317); 2025 revenue about NT$8.1 trillion.", "partners": "NVIDIA (Isaac GR00T, Houston AI-server plant).", "website": "https://www.foxconn.com", "sources": [ "hs-e44d16e156", "hs-f0ca4f96f8", "hs-52dfe5d36e" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/foxconn.png", "author": "鴻海精密工業股份有限公司 (Foxconn)", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Foxconn_logo-special2.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Foxconn_logo-special2.svg", "article": "File:Foxconn logo-special2.svg" } }, { "id": "fraunhofer-ipa", "name": "Fraunhofer IPA", "country": "Germany", "type": "Government lab", "founded": null, "hq": "Stuttgart, Germany", "summary": "The Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation in Stuttgart has built Care-O-bot service robots since 1998; Care-O-bot 4 (2015, with Phoenix Design and Schunk) is commercialised by spin-off Mojin Robotics.", "focus": "Manufacturing automation and service robotics", "funding": null, "partners": "Phoenix Design, Schunk, Mojin Robotics", "website": "https://www.care-o-bot.de/", "sources": [ "hs-200deb9457", "hs-a598b81e03" ] }, { "id": "fujitsu", "name": "Fujitsu Automation Ltd. (Fujitsu group, with Fujitsu Laboratories)", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Fujitsu Automation made and sold the HOAP miniature research humanoids, co-developed with Fujitsu Laboratories, from 2001. HOAP-1 was followed by HOAP-2 (2003) and HOAP-3 (2005).", "focus": "Small open-interface humanoids for university and corporate research", "funding": "Part of the Fujitsu group; parent Fujitsu Ltd. is a public company (TYO: 6702)", "partners": "Fujitsu Laboratories (co-developer); research labs in Japan (buyers not named)", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-932e584156", "hs-ec1907d831" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/fujitsu.png", "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fujitsu-Logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fujitsu-Logo.svg", "article": "Fujitsu" } }, { "id": "fujitsu-frontech", "name": "Fujitsu Frontech and Fujitsu Laboratories", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": "1940", "hq": "Inagi, Tokyo, Japan", "summary": "Fujitsu Frontech (formerly Fujitsu Kiden, renamed 2002) makes ATMs, POS terminals, palm-vein authentication and display systems; it co-developed and sold the enon service robot with Fujitsu Laboratories, Fujitsu's research arm founded in 1968. enon was sold in small numbers in Japan from 2005.", "focus": "Terminals and self-service hardware; enon office and retail service robot", "funding": "Wholly owned subsidiary of Fujitsu (TYO: 6702) since December 2020; Frontech was previously listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (6945)", "partners": "Kyotaro Nishimura Museum, Yugawara (enon guide, 2007); NPO Safety Engineering Laboratory (safety appraisal)", "website": "https://global.fujitsu/ja-jp/subsidiaries/frontech", "sources": [ "hs-b0a3b24b4c", "hs-b3bacc1bd0", "hs-932e584156" ] }, { "id": "gac", "name": "GAC Group", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "1948", "hq": "Guangzhou, China", "summary": "State-owned Guangzhou carmaker that builds its own embodied-AI robots. GoMate is its third-generation humanoid, aimed first at its car plants.", "focus": "automotive manufacturing, with in-house humanoid robots for inspection", "funding": "Public company (HKEX 2238; SSE 601238), owned by the Guangdong provincial government.", "partners": "GAC Trumpchi and GAC AION plants (pilots).", "website": "https://www.gac.com.cn", "sources": [ "hs-d43809971b", "hs-d066ebffa1" ] }, { "id": "galaxea-ai", "name": "Galaxea AI (Galaxea Dynamics, Xinghaitu)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2023", "hq": "Beijing (Zhongguancun), China; factory in Suzhou", "summary": "Beijing embodied-AI start-up founded in 2023 by a team including Tsinghua-linked researchers Xu Huazhe and Zhao Hang with CEO Gao Jiyang; it sells the wheeled R1 series and robot arms and develops the G0 vision-language-action model.", "focus": "Wheeled two-armed humanoids (R1, R1 Pro, R1 Lite), arms and robot foundation models; a biped was planned for 2026", "funding": "Series A of over US$100 million in July 2025 (Capital Today, Ant Group, Meituan Long-Z; about US$700 million valuation per Forbes); RMB 1 billion Series B in February 2026 with BAIC Capital, Jinding, Loyal Valley and others, bringing the total to nearly RMB 3 billion", "partners": "Customers include Physical Intelligence and Stanford University", "website": "https://www.galaxea-ai.com", "sources": [ "hs-f579cb3ced", "hs-113c0b4b99", "hs-42eed209cd" ] }, { "id": "galaxea-dynamics", "name": "Galaxea Dynamics (星海图)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Zhongguancun (Yizhuang) International Robot Industry Park, Tongzhou District, Beijing, China", "summary": "Beijing maker of the R1 wheeled dual-arm robots, the LEMO desktop platform, A1 arms and DEXO hands, and from 2026 the Kengo biped; it says its wheeled robots went to 100+ developers including Stanford, Physical Intelligence and NVIDIA.", "focus": "Embodied-AI robot platforms, VLA models (G0.5) and open datasets", "funding": null, "partners": "Users include Stanford AI Lab, Physical Intelligence and NVIDIA", "website": "https://galaxea-dynamics.com/", "sources": [ "hs-1d4d93e3f5", "hs-c915cab10b" ] }, { "id": "galbot", "name": "Galbot (Galaxy General Robot)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2023", "hq": "Beijing, China", "summary": "Embodied-AI robot maker with R&D centres in Beijing, Shenzhen, Suzhou and Hong Kong; its G1 has been in real-world use for over a year.", "focus": "Wheeled dual-arm robots for factories, warehouses and retail", "funding": "1.1 billion yuan round led by CATL (June 2025, unicorn); $300M at $3B valuation (Dec 2025); 2.5 billion yuan (Mar 2026), valuation above 20 billion yuan.", "partners": "CATL, Bosch, Toyota, BAIC, SAIC, Zeekr", "website": "https://www.galbot.com/", "sources": [ "hs-01117a28f9", "hs-5389d0d73b", "hs-698f3c01e4", "hs-7dc60ffde0", "hs-6b2e495ccf", "hs-a58b9450c5", "hs-3a0261bf65", "hs-7c0dfc9328", "hs-d5932408f3", "hs-d5102b3fc9" ] }, { "id": "generative-bionics", "name": "Generative Bionics", "country": "Italy", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Genoa, Italy", "summary": "Italian startup built on Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia research and led by CEO Daniele Pucci. It is developing GENE.01, a humanoid platform covered in tactile skin.", "focus": "industrial humanoid platforms with full-body tactile skin", "funding": "$81M seed led by CDP Venture Capital with AMD Ventures, Duferco, Eni Next, RoboIT and Tether.", "partners": "Fincantieri (welding humanoid), AMD, Synapticon", "website": "https://gbionics.ai", "sources": [ "hs-228d0a9bdd", "hs-93dccdb8df", "hs-caa0774f62" ] }, { "id": "georgia-institute-of", "name": "Georgia Institute of Technology", "country": "United States", "type": "University lab", "founded": "1885", "hq": "Atlanta, Georgia, United States", "summary": "A public research university in Atlanta. Its Socially Intelligent Machines Lab, led by Andrea Thomaz, built the upper-body humanoid Simon to study how robots learn from people and take turns in conversation.", "focus": "social robots that learn from human demonstration", "funding": "Public university; $1.53 billion R&D spending (NSF, 2024); $3.51 billion endowment (2025).", "partners": null, "website": "https://www.gatech.edu/", "sources": [ "hs-efe9186565", "hs-62a1aa4888" ] }, { "id": "german-aerospace-center", "name": "German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics", "country": "Germany", "type": "Government lab", "founded": "1969", "hq": "Cologne, Germany", "summary": "DLR is Germany's national aerospace research centre; its Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics at Oberpfaffenhofen builds torque-controlled arms, hands and humanoids such as Justin and TORO. Its origins go back to 1907 and it took its current form in 1997.", "focus": "Torque-controlled light-weight robots, dexterous hands and humanoids for space assistance, planetary exploration and manufacturing", "funding": "Government-funded; total DLR funding EUR 1.701 billion in 2024 (52.9% government, 47.1% third-party)", "partners": "ESA/ISS teleoperation of Justin with astronaut Paolo Nespoli (2017); spin-offs include Agile Robots, Sensodrive and Roboception", "website": "https://www.dlr.de/en/rm", "sources": [ "hs-48164c5d0e", "hs-7900eecbc4", "hs-a759c1781c" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/german-aerospace-center.png", "author": "German Aerospace Center", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:German_Aerospace_Center_(DLR)_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:German_Aerospace_Center_(DLR)_logo.svg", "article": "File:German Aerospace Center (DLR) logo.svg" } }, { "id": "gitai", "name": "GITAI", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": "2016", "hq": "Torrance, California, United States", "summary": "A space-robotics startup founded in Japan by Sho Nakanose that moved its headquarters and manufacturing to Torrance, California by the end of 2023. It builds robotic arms, inchworm-type robots, lunar rovers and small satellites for on-orbit servicing and lunar construction, and earlier showed the G1 space humanoid.", "focus": "space robots for on-orbit servicing and lunar infrastructure", "funding": "Series B extension closed Oct 2024 at US$60.5M in total (US$30M May 2023, US$15M Aug 2023, US$15.5M Nov 2024; lead Maezawa Fund); earlier investors include ANRI, 500 Startups Japan, Spiral Ventures, DBJ Capital and J-Power", "partners": "JAXA (2019 order; 2025 lunar-rover arm study), Japan's METI (2021 contract), Nanoracks Bishop airlock on the ISS (2021 S1 demo), US Space Force (2026 selection), Missile Defense Agency (SHIELD IDIQ, 2025)", "website": "https://gitai.tech/", "sources": [ "hs-c85bc0892f", "hs-3a1165ec31", "hs-e5ac9fa447", "hs-b848b4ed6e" ] }, { "id": "guanggu-dongzhi", "name": "Guanggu Dongzhi (Hubei Guanggu Dongzhi Embodied Intelligence)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2025-02", "hq": "Wuhan, Hubei, China", "summary": "Joint venture of HEC (Dongyangguang), AgiBot, the Peking University Wuhan AI Institute and PsiBot; Hubei's first humanoid factory, making the Lumen ('Photon') family.", "focus": "Service, companion and eldercare humanoids", "funding": null, "partners": "HEC, AgiBot, PsiBot, Peking University Wuhan AI Institute", "website": "https://www.hecbot.cn/", "sources": [ "hs-345cde6a48", "hs-7598825281" ] }, { "id": "haier", "name": "Haier Smart Home", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Qingdao, China", "summary": "Chinese appliance group whose smart-home unit is developing the HIVA household humanoid with Beijing Robotera as part of a push into home and elder-care robots.", "focus": "Home appliances, smart home, household service robots.", "funding": "Listed company.", "partners": "Beijing Robotera (strategic agreement, March 2025)", "website": "https://www.haier.com", "sources": [ "hs-b75267c1f7", "hs-56c5bd96ce" ] }, { "id": "hanson", "name": "Hanson Robotics", "country": "Hong Kong", "type": "Company", "founded": "2007", "hq": "Richardson, Texas, USA in 2007 (later Hong Kong)", "summary": "Founded by former Disney sculptor David Hanson, maker of lifelike robot heads and faces using its patented Frubber skin, including Zeno (2007) and later Sophia. The Zeno line was carried into autism therapy by spin-off RoboKind.", "focus": "Expressive humanoid faces and social robots", "funding": "USD 1.5 million Texas Emerging Technology Fund grant (2006)", "partners": "KAIST HUBO team (Albert HUBO); Disney Accelerator (2016); Singularity Studio (Awakening Health joint venture, Grace, 2021); VPRO (Philip K. Dick android)", "website": "https://www.hansonrobotics.com/", "sources": [ "hs-08b0d2d42e", "hs-ad7cc46185", "hs-8726ff0761" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/hanson.png", "author": "Hanson Robotics Ltd.", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hanson_Robotics_logo.png", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hanson_Robotics_logo.png", "article": "File:Hanson Robotics logo.png" } }, { "id": "harbin-institute-of", "name": "Harbin Institute of Technology", "country": "China", "type": "University lab", "founded": null, "hq": "Harbin, China", "summary": "Major Chinese engineering university whose School of Mechatronics Engineering developed the track-legged Dexbot humanoid.", "focus": "Space and dexterous robotics, humanoid manipulation", "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-09ad10890e" ] }, { "id": "hatsumuv", "name": "HatsuMuv Corp. (株式会社HatsuMuv)", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Edogawa, Tokyo, Japan", "summary": "Tokyo entertainment-robotics startup led by CEO Pin-Chu Yang (ex-Waseda Ogata Lab) that turns anime characters into robots (Hatsuki, Cutieroid) and makes the HatsuHand; it showed the Type 08 Mobiloid in 2026.", "focus": "Character robots, robot hands and teleoperated data-collection robots", "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": "https://www.hatsumuv.com/", "sources": [ "hs-539f1b2aa9", "hs-777b26975c", "hs-645fc964d3" ] }, { "id": "hexagon", "name": "Hexagon", "country": "Sweden", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Stockholm, Sweden", "summary": "Swedish measurement, sensor and software group that launched AEON, an industrial humanoid built with NVIDIA, Microsoft and maxon. AEON focuses on inspection, reality capture and machine tending.", "focus": "industrial humanoids for inspection and reality capture", "funding": "Public company (Nasdaq Stockholm: HEXA B); about EUR 3.7B revenue in 2025.", "partners": "NVIDIA, Microsoft, maxon; Schaeffler and Pilatus pilots", "website": "https://robotics.hexagon.com", "sources": [ "hs-b35e20bf20", "hs-18eead67f7", "hs-174f1c095c" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/hexagon.png", "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hexagon_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hexagon_logo.svg", "article": "File:Hexagon logo.svg" } }, { "id": "highlanders", "name": "Highlanders", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in Japan.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "hightorque", "name": "HighTorque Robotics", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in China.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "hiroshi-ishiguro-s-laboratory", "name": "Hiroshi Ishiguro's laboratory", "country": "Japan", "type": "University lab", "founded": "2003", "hq": "Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan", "summary": "The Intelligent Robotics Laboratory at Osaka University's Graduate School of Engineering Science, led by Prof. Hiroshi Ishiguro, who also has a visiting-director role at ATR's Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories. It builds highly lifelike androids such as Repliee, Geminoid, Telenoid, ERICA and ibuki to study how people relate to human-like robots.", "focus": "lifelike androids and conversational robots for human-robot interaction research", "funding": "government research funding, notably the JST ERATO Ishiguro Symbiotic Human-Robot Interaction Project (website from Dec 2014)", "partners": "ATR (Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories), Kyoto University (ERATO partner), Japan Science and Technology Agency; Kodai-ji temple (Mindar android)", "website": "https://www.jst.go.jp/erato/ishiguro/en/", "sources": [ "hs-2d60c92e34", "hs-0e89d031b3", "hs-4618d70909" ] }, { "id": "hitachi", "name": "Hitachi", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": "1910", "hq": "Tokyo, Japan", "summary": "Hitachi is a Japanese industrial and IT conglomerate founded in 1910 in Hitachi, Ibaraki, now based in Tokyo. Its R&D group built the EMIEW line of wheeled service humanoids from 2005, through EMIEW 2 (2007) and the cloud-connected EMIEW3 (2016).", "focus": "Customer-service and guide humanoids (EMIEW line) within a broad IT, energy and industrial business", "funding": "Public company (TYO: 6501); fiscal 2025 revenue about 10.59 trillion yen", "partners": "NEDO (EMIEW developed under its next-generation robot project); Expo 2005 Aichi demonstrations", "website": "https://www.hitachi.com", "sources": [ "hs-6895978ea6", "hs-003f33a18c", "hs-c07be7027c" ] }, { "id": "holiday", "name": "Holiday Robotics", "country": "South Korea", "type": "Company", "founded": "2024", "hq": "Seoul, South Korea", "summary": "Seoul start-up led by Song Ki-young, founder of vision-AI firm SUALAB. It is building FRIDAY, a wheeled humanoid for manufacturing work.", "focus": "wheeled humanoids for car, chip and logistics factories", "funding": "Seed 17.5 billion won (Aug 2024); Series A 155 billion won (about $105M, Jul 2026) from IMM, SL Investment, KB, Goodwater, KDB, IBK and others.", "partners": "Unnamed automotive, semiconductor and logistics proof-of-concept partners.", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-b3e09a0d1b", "hs-68b385d697", "hs-6a09bc8b64" ] }, { "id": "honda", "name": "Honda Motor Co., Ltd.", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": "1948", "hq": "Tokyo, Japan", "summary": "Japanese maker of cars, motorcycles and power equipment whose R&D arm began humanoid research in 1986. It built the P1-P3 prototypes, ASIMO (2000-2018, retired from shows in March 2022) and the E2-DR disaster-response prototype.", "focus": "Bipedal walking and humanoid assistance research (ASIMO line), later disaster-response robots", "funding": "public company (TYO: 7267; NYSE: HMC)", "partners": "Miraikan (National Museum of Emerging Science and Innovation), Tokyo, hosted regular ASIMO shows", "website": "https://global.honda/", "sources": [ "hs-d49e77b8d5", "hs-519f901798", "hs-5aaf55b1c9" ] }, { "id": "honor", "name": "Honor", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2013", "hq": "Shenzhen, China", "summary": "Shenzhen phone maker that began as a Huawei sub-brand and was sold to a Shenzhen-led consortium in 2020. Its 'Lightning' running humanoid won the 2026 Beijing humanoid half marathon.", "focus": "smartphones and devices; robotics prototypes", "funding": "Private; majority owned by Shenzhen Zhixin New Information Technology since Nov 2020.", "partners": null, "website": "https://www.honor.com", "sources": [ "hs-edcc557d65", "hs-61ab8486c4" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/honor.png", "author": "HONOR", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Honor_Logo_(2020).svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Honor_Logo_(2020).svg", "article": "File:Honor Logo (2020).svg" } }, { "id": "huazhong-university-of-science", "name": "Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Ding Han team) / Hubei Jingchu Humanoid Robot Co.", "country": "China", "type": "University lab", "founded": "2025 (company)", "hq": "Wuchang District, Wuhan, Hubei, China", "summary": "Academician Ding Han's team at HUST developed the Jingchu humanoid; Hubei Jingchu Humanoid Robot Co. was set up in May 2025 with the Wuhan Industrial Innovation Research Institute and partners to make it, led by general manager and HUST professor Zhao Xingwei.", "focus": "Humanoids for education, industry, commerce and tourism", "funding": "Investment from the Wuhan Industrial Innovation Research Institute and partner units", "partners": "Shouyi Science and Innovation Investment Group, Yifei Laser, Hubei Cultural Tourism Group", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-4e6620eaac", "hs-7f9ef0d066" ] }, { "id": "hugging-face", "name": "Hugging Face with The Robot Studio", "country": "United States", "type": "Consortium", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Joint project of Hugging Face, the open-source AI platform (founded 2016, New York), and robotics designer The Robot Studio. Together they designed the open-source HopeJR humanoid.", "focus": "low-cost open-source humanoids", "funding": "Hugging Face: $235M at $4.5B (Aug 2023); Nvidia agreed to acquire it for $12.93B (Sept 2026, pending approval).", "partners": "Pollen Robotics (acquired by Hugging Face, Apr 2025); The Robot Studio also co-built the SO-101 arm", "website": "https://huggingface.co", "sources": [ "hs-b338d2a4bd", "hs-8911797dde" ] }, { "id": "humanoid", "name": "Humanoid (SKL Robotics Ltd)", "country": "United Kingdom", "type": "Company", "founded": "2024", "hq": "London, United Kingdom", "summary": "UK startup founded by Artem Sokolov that builds the HMND 01 in wheeled and bipedal versions. It runs its own KinetIQ AI stack on NVIDIA compute.", "focus": "industrial humanoids for logistics and manufacturing", "funding": "$152M Series A at $1.35B valuation (July 2026, per company-cited Reuters/Forbes reports).", "partners": "Schaeffler (robots and actuators), Bosch, Siemens, NVIDIA, AWS, SAP; Martur Fompak proof of concept", "website": "https://thehumanoid.ai", "sources": [ "hs-fed93c2d67", "hs-f6bd0ebc2c", "hs-218a67a025", "hs-4caba1e8bb", "hs-ac0c97100a" ] }, { "id": "humanoid-robots", "name": "Humanoid Robots (Shanghai) / National-Local Joint Humanoid Robot Innovation Center", "country": "China", "type": "Consortium", "founded": null, "hq": "Shanghai, China", "summary": "Shanghai R&D institution set up by industry leaders with 1 billion yuan registered capital and named a national-local joint innovation centre by MIIT in May 2024. It builds the open-source Qinglong humanoid through the OpenLoong community.", "focus": "open-source full-size humanoid reference designs", "funding": "Registered capital 1 billion yuan (about $140 million).", "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-d173f59b2f" ] }, { "id": "hyundai", "name": "Hyundai Motor Group", "country": "South Korea", "type": "Company", "founded": "1998", "hq": "Seoul, South Korea", "summary": "South Korea's largest carmaking conglomerate (Hyundai, Kia, Genesis and suppliers such as Hyundai Mobis), which runs its own Robotics Lab. It built the DAL-e showroom robot and since 2021 has owned a controlling stake in Boston Dynamics, maker of Atlas.", "focus": "service robots and, via Boston Dynamics, humanoids for factories", "funding": "chaebol of listed affiliates (e.g. Hyundai Motor Company, Kia); group revenue about KRW 295.1 trillion in 2025 (KFTC figure)", "partners": "Boston Dynamics (80% stake bought from SoftBank in June 2021 by Hyundai Motor, Mobis, Glovis and Chung Eui-sun); Hyundai and Kia showrooms (DAL-e pilot)", "website": "https://www.hyundaimotorgroup.com/", "sources": [ "hs-b1750b19e7", "hs-4ca9cf3c72" ] }, { "id": "igus", "name": "igus GmbH", "country": "Germany", "type": "Company", "founded": "1964", "hq": "Cologne, Germany", "summary": "Family-owned maker of polymer motion parts (energy chains, plain bearings, linear tech) with a low-cost automation line that includes ReBeL cobots and the Iggy Rob humanoid. About 5,400 staff and EUR 1.155 billion turnover in 2025.", "focus": "Motion plastics, low-cost automation, cobots and mobile robots (RBTX marketplace).", "funding": "Privately held, 100% family owned.", "partners": null, "website": "https://www.igus.eu", "sources": [ "hs-15a1662b8b", "hs-301fd6eacd" ] }, { "id": "ihub", "name": "iHub Robotics", "country": "India", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in India.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "indian-space-research-organisation", "name": "Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)", "country": "India", "type": "Government lab", "founded": "1969", "hq": "Bengaluru, India", "summary": "ISRO is India's national space agency under the Department of Space. Its Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre and Inertial Systems Unit designed Vyommitra to fly on uncrewed Gaganyaan test missions.", "focus": "Space launch and human spaceflight; Vyommitra is a crew stand-in for Gaganyaan tests", "funding": "Government-funded; budget INR 13,705.63 crore (about US$1.4 billion) for 2026-27", "partners": "Gaganyaan programme; Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (designer)", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-ef0f4219e5", "hs-cdc7fc25d5", "hs-3e3e4069fb" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/indian-space-research-organisation.png", "author": "Indian Space Research Organisation", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_Space_Research_Organisation_Logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_Space_Research_Organisation_Logo.svg", "article": "File:Indian Space Research Organisation Logo.svg" } }, { "id": "infiforce", "name": "INFIFORCE (formerly ELU.AI)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2023", "hq": "Hangzhou, China", "summary": "Embodied-AI company led by founder and CEO Isabella Bai, with R&D in Shenzhen and Beijing; builds the Hyper-VLA model and the AstroDroid humanoid series plus a mobile EV-charging robot.", "focus": "Robot foundation models and humanoids for factories, warehouses and retail", "funding": null, "partners": "Sinopec, Wanda, Intime (charging robot users)", "website": "https://infiforce.cn/", "sources": [ "hs-22bd3cd164", "hs-67040a4308" ] }, { "id": "inmoov", "name": "InMoov (Gael Langevin)", "country": "France", "type": "Company", "founded": "2011", "hq": "France", "summary": "Open-source project of French sculptor and designer Gael Langevin, who began the life-size 3D-printable InMoov robot in 2011 and publishes its parts under Creative Commons for hobbyists, schools and labs.", "focus": "Open-source 3D-printed humanoid", "funding": null, "partners": "MyRobotLab open-source community", "website": "https://inmoov.fr/", "sources": [ "hs-15f1e3e6c6", "hs-414acbda1b" ] }, { "id": "inria-flowers-laboratory", "name": "Inria Flowers Laboratory (Poppy Project, now Poppy Station)", "country": "France", "type": "University lab", "founded": "2012 (Poppy project)", "hq": "Bordeaux (Talence), France", "summary": "Pierre-Yves Oudeyer's Flowers lab at Inria Bordeaux Sud-Ouest studies developmental and curiosity-driven learning; it started the open-source 3D-printed Poppy Humanoid in 2012, now hosted by the Poppy Station non-profit.", "focus": "Developmental robotics, open-source robots for research and education", "funding": "ERC grant (Explorer) for the original Poppy work", "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-f6a6688e7d" ] }, { "id": "isento", "name": "isento GmbH", "country": "Germany", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in Germany.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "istituto-italiano-di-tecnologia", "name": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)", "country": "Italy", "type": "Government lab", "founded": "2003", "hq": "Genoa, Italy", "summary": "IIT is an Italian state-funded research institute set up in 2003, with robotics as its first research area. It builds the open-source iCub child humanoid, which began in the EU RobotCub consortium, and built the WALK-MAN disaster-response humanoid.", "focus": "Humanoid robots for research in cognition and development (iCub) and for disaster response (WALK-MAN)", "funding": "About EUR 90 million a year from the Italian government; RobotCub received EUR 8.5 million from the European Commission", "partners": "About 30 iCubs in labs, mostly in Europe and one in the US; WALK-MAN partners University of Pisa, EPFL, UCLouvain and KIT", "website": "https://www.iit.it/", "sources": [ "hs-17b5fb6c0d", "hs-cc272c1c45", "hs-a42087ce23" ] }, { "id": "jaka", "name": "JAKA Robotics", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in China.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "jinki-ittai", "name": "Jinki Ittai (Man-Machine Synergy Effectors)", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Japan", "summary": "Japanese start-up led by Dr Kanaoka that licenses power-amplifying bilateral force-control teleoperation to partners rather than building robots itself; partners include Nippon Signal (ZIZAI ZX-3) and Takenaka Civil Engineering.", "focus": "Human-operated robots for heavy or hazardous work; teleoperation control layer and interfaces", "funding": null, "partners": "Nippon Signal, Takenaka Civil Engineering, Advantech, Doosan Robotics arms in demos", "website": "https://www.jinki.jp/", "sources": [ "hs-057cb82d90", "hs-c30e5c43e9" ] }, { "id": "university-of-tokyo-jsk-lab", "name": "JSK Laboratory, University of Tokyo", "country": "Japan", "type": "University lab", "founded": null, "hq": "Tokyo, Japan", "summary": "The JSK (Jouhou System Kougaku) Laboratory sits in the University of Tokyo's Department of Mechano-Informatics. It builds musculoskeletal humanoids such as Kojiro, Kenshiro and Kengoro, and has worked with HRP-2 and other platforms.", "focus": "Musculoskeletal humanoids, household and assistive robots, and aerial transforming robots.", "funding": "University research lab.", "partners": "Kawada (HRP-2 platform; Kawada built the lab's H6 humanoid in 1999).", "website": "https://www.jsk.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/", "sources": [ "hs-3fe92642b4", "hs-01d61c91ca", "hs-78b2af912a" ] }, { "id": "jst-erato-kitano-symbiotic-systems-project", "name": "JST ERATO Kitano Symbiotic Systems Project", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in Japan.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "k-scale-labs", "name": "K-Scale Labs", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": "2024", "hq": "San Francisco, United States", "summary": "Y Combinator (Winter 2024) start-up founded by Benjamin Bolte and Matthew Freed to build open-source humanoid robots; it released the 3D-printable Stompy and later the K-Bot and Z-Bot, then shut down in late 2025 and open-sourced its designs.", "focus": "Open-source humanoid hardware and software", "funding": "About US$500K from Y Combinator, a US$4 million seed led by Fellows Fund, plus angel and strategic money (PEdaily); about US$400K left at closure", "partners": null, "website": "https://www.ycombinator.com/companies/k-scale-labs", "sources": [ "hs-36b197df98", "hs-e0003875b1", "hs-0975255942" ] }, { "id": "kaist", "name": "KAIST (Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology)", "country": "South Korea", "type": "University lab", "founded": null, "hq": "Daejeon, South Korea", "summary": "Korean research university; David Hyunchul Shim's lab in Electrical Engineering builds autonomous flight systems and the Pibot humanoid pilot, funded by the Agency for Defense Development.", "focus": "Autonomous vehicles and aircraft, humanoid robots", "funding": "Agency for Defense Development (5.7 billion won for Pibot)", "partners": "Hanson Robotics (Albert HUBO, 2005); Rainbow Robotics (spin-off, founded 10 Feb 2011); DARPA Robotics Challenge (winner 2015)", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-eae73ca521", "hs-749ff3db07", "hs-26a0737548", "hs-f96f18d1ef", "hs-ab7cf61f96" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/kaist.png", "author": "KAIST", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KAIST_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:KAIST_logo.svg", "article": "KAIST" } }, { "id": "karlsruhe-institute-of", "name": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (H2T, High Performance Humanoid Technologies Lab)", "country": "Germany", "type": "University lab", "founded": "2009", "hq": "Karlsruhe, Germany", "summary": "KIT is a German public research university formed in 2009 from the University of Karlsruhe (1825) and a Helmholtz research centre. Its H2T lab, led by Tamim Asfour, builds the ARMAR family of humanoids, from ARMAR-III to ARMAR-7.", "focus": "Humanoid mechatronics and cognitive robots for household and industrial help: grasping, mobile manipulation and learning from watching people", "funding": "Public university (budget about EUR 1.16 billion, 2023); ARMAR-III funded by the DFG SFB 588 programme, ARMAR-6 by the EU SecondHands project, ARMAR-7 partly by the EU", "partners": "Ocado (ARMAR-6 trials in SecondHands); Robotics Institute Germany; Carl Zeiss Stiftung (JuBot project)", "website": "https://h2t.iar.kit.edu/", "sources": [ "hs-68ff9e50a0", "hs-f710d07f0e", "hs-aa271d2353", "hs-a7a524886f" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/karlsruhe-institute-of.png", "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_KIT.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_KIT.svg", "article": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology" } }, { "id": "kawada-industries", "name": "Kawada Industries (robot business now Kawada Robotics Corporation)", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Kawada began building humanoids in 1999 with the University of Tokyo's H6 and went on to make the HRP-2, HRP-3 and HRP-4 research humanoids with AIST. Its robot business was spun off as Kawada Robotics Corp. in 2013 and sells the NEXTAGE two-armed factory humanoid.", "focus": "Research humanoids and fence-free dual-arm humanoids for factory assembly.", "funding": "Part of the KTI Kawada Group; no external funding rounds reported.", "partners": "AIST, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, METI and NEDO (HRP projects); GLORY LTD. (NEXTAGE assembly line, 2012 Robot Award); University of Tokyo (H6, 1999).", "website": "https://kawadarobot.co.jp/en/", "sources": [ "hs-01d61c91ca", "hs-3947cccd8e", "hs-bd9e5727be" ] }, { "id": "kawada", "name": "Kawada Robotics", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": "2013", "hq": "Japan", "summary": "Spun off from Kawada Industries' robot division in 2013, it sells the NEXTAGE dual-arm humanoid co-robots (since 2009) used in Japanese factories, plus the smaller NEXTAGE Fillie (2022).", "focus": "Humanoid dual-arm co-robots for factory automation", "funding": null, "partners": "AIST (humanoid research origins), THK Intechs", "website": "https://www.kawadarobot.co.jp/en/", "sources": [ "hs-1134bf86a8", "hs-0770a6fc2f" ] }, { "id": "kawasaki", "name": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": "1896", "hq": "Tokyo and Kobe, Japan", "summary": "Japanese industrial group and robot maker developing the Kaleido bipedal humanoid, the Nyokkey service robot and, with Foxconn, the Nurabot care robot.", "focus": "Industrial robots, humanoids, service and care robots", "funding": "Public company (TSE 7012).", "partners": "Hon Hai (Foxconn) for Nurabot", "website": "https://kawasakirobotics.com", "sources": [ "hs-13dbda2e60", "hs-50f30b6ab7", "hs-13baa9fd6c", "hs-f70e9ba1b5", "hs-fbac26cc9c", "hs-da353fb347" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/kawasaki.png", "author": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Ltd.", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kawasaki_Heavy_Industries_Logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kawasaki_Heavy_Industries_Logo.svg", "article": "File:Kawasaki Heavy Industries Logo.svg" } }, { "id": "keenon", "name": "Keenon Robotics", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2010", "hq": "Pudong, Shanghai, China", "summary": "SoftBank-backed service-robot maker led by founder and CEO Li Tong; IDC credits it with the largest share of global commercial service-robot shipments. It began a humanoid project in 2023 and now sells the XMAN-R1, F1 and L1.", "focus": "Delivery, cleaning, hotel and hospital logistics robots; service humanoids; KOM service VLA models.", "funding": "Backed by SoftBank.", "partners": "Shangri-La Group, Johnnie Walker (demo)", "website": "https://www.keenon.com", "sources": [ "hs-6184ad9628", "hs-240f68e1e4" ] }, { "id": "keigan", "name": "Keigan Inc. (株式会社Keigan)", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": "2016", "hq": "Seika, Soraku District, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan", "summary": "Kyoto maker of KeiganMotor servo modules and KeiganALI autonomous mobile robots (500+ AMRs shipped, per press), led by CEO Takashi Tokuda; building the KeiganGPR for AIRoA's national robot competition.", "focus": "Actuators, AMRs and a repairable open-design wheeled humanoid", "funding": null, "partners": "Ritsumeikan University (technical advisor Atsushi Kakogawa); AIRoA/NEDO competition", "website": "https://www.keigan-motor.com/", "sources": [ "hs-2fceedf7e4", "hs-d61d2e3244", "hs-645fc964d3" ] }, { "id": "kepler-exploration", "name": "Kepler Exploration Robotics (Shanghai Kepler Robot Co.)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2023", "hq": "Shanghai, China", "summary": "Shanghai humanoid maker behind the K-series; showed the wheeled K3W at the 2026 World Robot Conference.", "focus": "Industrial and logistics humanoids", "funding": "Undisclosed recent round (The Robot Report, 2025).", "partners": "Car makers in logistics trials and five universities (2025).", "website": "https://www.gotokepler.com", "sources": [ "hs-062a0372a9", "hs-37474e06d9", "hs-8c21beab57", "hs-b94c30510d" ] }, { "id": "kind-humanoid", "name": "Kind Humanoid", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in United States.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "kinetix-ai", "name": "Kinetix AI (Chaowei Dongli / Kai Robotics)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2025-07", "hq": "Shenzhen, China", "summary": "Shenzhen full-stack embodied-AI start-up building world models, first-person human data (KAI Halo) and the highly humanlike KaiBot.", "focus": "Humanlike humanoids for homes, factories and shops", "funding": "Angel round including Bluebird Intelligent Control", "partners": null, "website": "https://www.kinetixai.tech/", "sources": [ "hs-5b5157a7e3", "hs-d05d3b09a9" ] }, { "id": "kinisi", "name": "Kinisi Robotics", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in United States.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "kinova", "name": "Kinova Robotics", "country": "Canada", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in Canada.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "korea-institute-of-industrial", "name": "Korea Institute of Industrial Technology", "country": "South Korea", "type": "Government lab", "founded": "1989", "hq": "Cheonan, South Korea", "summary": "KITECH is a government-funded South Korean research institute that develops manufacturing and industrial technology, largely for small and medium-sized firms. Its applied robot technology division built the EveR series of female androids from the mid-2000s.", "focus": "Industrial and manufacturing technology; android robots (EveR series)", "funding": "Government-funded research institute under Korea's national research council system", "partners": "Solubot Inc. (co-author on EveR-2 work); Korea University of Science and Technology", "website": "https://www.kitech.re.kr", "sources": [ "hs-b37f6e830a", "hs-51351c624a", "hs-c1292da8fa" ] }, { "id": "korea-institute-of-science", "name": "Korea Institute of Science and Technology", "country": "South Korea", "type": "Government lab", "founded": "1966", "hq": "Seoul, South Korea", "summary": "KIST is South Korea's first multidisciplinary government research institute, founded in 1966 in Seoul. Its robotics researchers built the network-based MAHRU and AHRA biped humanoids from 2005, plus later MAHRU-R, -M and -Z versions.", "focus": "Network-based household humanoids (MAHRU), interaction robotics, education robots", "funding": "Government-funded public research institute", "partners": "Samsung researchers co-authored Mahru III work (2007)", "website": "https://www.kist.re.kr/eng/index.do", "sources": [ "hs-32a0e966ae", "hs-a26247b3ae", "hs-14c8d91555" ] }, { "id": "leju", "name": "Leju Robotics", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2016", "hq": "Shenzhen, China", "summary": "Shenzhen company spun out of Harbin Institute of Technology in 2016 that began with education robots and now builds the Kuavo humanoid. Kuavo was the first humanoid to run Huawei's HarmonyOS.", "focus": "humanoids for factories, research and education", "funding": "About 1.5 billion yuan (about $200M) pre-IPO round (Oct 2025) from Shenzhen state funds, CITIC Goldstone and others; earlier Tencent investment (Sacra).", "partners": "Huawei, Alibaba, Haier, China Mobile, China Telecom, Peking University; NIO factory tests (2024).", "website": "https://www.lejurobot.com", "sources": [ "hs-9daae0c6d2", "hs-28401d11e2", "hs-2e3983a328", "hs-a40a8a2274", "hs-6a8b23615e", "hs-d5932408f3" ] }, { "id": "lg-electronics", "name": "LG Electronics", "country": "South Korea", "type": "Company", "founded": "1958", "hq": "Seoul, South Korea", "summary": "Korean electronics and home-appliance maker, part of LG Group. It showed the CLOiD home robot and its own AXIUM actuators at CES 2026.", "focus": "home appliances, with home robots for its 'Zero Labor Home' vision", "funding": "Public company (KRX 066570); LG Corp owns about 33%.", "partners": null, "website": "https://www.lg.com", "sources": [ "hs-ffff56f40e", "hs-09a6e94d7b", "hs-ed2e3857d5" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/lg-electronics.png", "author": "LG Electronics", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LG_Electronics_Logo_(modern).svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LG_Electronics_Logo_(modern).svg", "article": "File:LG Electronics Logo (modern).svg" } }, { "id": "lightberry", "name": "Lightberry", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "San Francisco, California, United States", "summary": "Social-robotics startup led by founder and CEO Ali Attar that builds conversation and perception software for robots and the Lumi greeter on a Unitree G1 body.", "focus": "Human-robot interaction software and interactive robots for events and hospitality", "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": "https://lightberry.com/", "sources": [ "hs-de8a884c8e", "hs-f1915a55f9" ] }, { "id": "limx-dynamics", "name": "LimX Dynamics", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2022", "hq": "Shenzhen, China", "summary": "Shenzhen robotics company that started with legged research robots (CL-1, TRON 1) and now sells the full-size LimX Oli humanoid. It also builds the COSA operating system for embodied agents.", "focus": "general-purpose humanoid and multi-form legged robots for research and industry", "funding": "Series A+ 2025 (Alibaba, NIO Capital and others); $200M Series B Jan-Feb 2026 (JD.com, Zhongding, SAIC, NIO Capital); about $200M pre-IPO round 14 Jul 2026 (IDG, Lens Technology and others).", "partners": "Says it holds thousands of orders, over half from overseas (company, July 2026).", "website": "https://www.limxdynamics.com", "sources": [ "hs-bb0a937738", "hs-6653895e8d", "hs-d7eee12d34", "hs-ece1b5b553", "hs-21f186baee", "hs-5bc489ceca" ] }, { "id": "lumos", "name": "Lumos Robotics", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2024", "hq": "Shenzhen and Suzhou, China", "summary": "Startup founded in September 2024 by CEO Yu Chao (Tsinghua; formerly on Xiaomi's CyberDog team and at MagicLab) making LUS2 and NIX humanoids, industrial robots, data-collection gear and motors.", "focus": "General-purpose humanoids, industrial embodied AI, data collection (FastUMI), motors.", "funding": "Angel and Angel+ (about 100 million yuan, 2025), Angel++ (2025), Pre-A1/A2 (December 2025) and A1/A2 rounds (May 2026, led by Mitsubishi Electric); totals not disclosed.", "partners": "Mitsubishi Electric, COSCO Shipping (Qingdao), Damon Technology, Guangyun Group, JD", "website": "https://www.lumosbot.tech", "sources": [ "hs-89d23a43d3", "hs-a34b460fe8" ] }, { "id": "magiclab", "name": "MagicLab", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2024-01", "hq": "Wuxi, Jiangsu, China (per its global site)", "summary": "Humanoid and quadruped maker with a self-developed stack of joints, hands, reducers and drives; products include MagicBot Gen1, Z1 and MagicDog.", "focus": "General-purpose humanoids and quadrupeds", "funding": "Reports 500 million yuan of letters of intent and 130 million yuan of firm orders within six months of May 2025", "partners": "Letters of intent of 500 million yuan and firm orders of 130 million yuan; 100+ pilot partners (company).", "website": "https://www.magiclabglobal.com/", "sources": [ "hs-202ceb224b", "hs-25ae4d45db", "hs-8a57bf67ba", "hs-75d23dd295", "hs-51a380b77f", "hs-d5932408f3" ] }, { "id": "matrix", "name": "Matrix Robotics", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Shanghai, China", "summary": "Shanghai humanoid developer led by CEO Allen Zhang, with a team from AI, robotics and autonomous driving; runs the Matrix Fabrication Hall in Pudong.", "focus": "General-purpose humanoids, RaaS", "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": "https://www.matrixrobotics.ai/", "sources": [ "hs-98b18fa159", "hs-8a8722b652", "hs-449caab8b0" ] }, { "id": "meka", "name": "Meka Robotics", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": "2006", "hq": "San Francisco, United States", "summary": "Meka Robotics was an MIT CSAIL spin-off founded by Aaron Edsinger and Jeff Weber that built compliant research robots using series elastic actuators. Its products included the M1 mobile manipulator and the S2 humanoid head, and it co-built Simon, Dreamer and HUME with university partners before Google bought it in December 2013.", "focus": "compliant, torque-controlled research humanoids, arms, hands and heads", "funding": "funding not disclosed; acquired by Google (Google X) in December 2013, later part of Alphabet's X", "partners": "Georgia Tech (Simon; first arms used by its Healthcare Robotics Lab), MIT Media Lab (Nexi forearm and hand), UT Austin (Dreamer, HUME), Willow Garage and SRI (Redwood Robotics venture)", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-847e0b6c09", "hs-54ebba0547" ] }, { "id": "menlo-research", "name": "Menlo Research (Asimov)", "country": "Singapore", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Singapore", "summary": "Singapore-based lab that publishes the open-source Asimov humanoid (CAD, BOM, sim and code) and sells it as a DIY kit; Asimov 2 is in progress.", "focus": "Open-source humanoid hardware for researchers", "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": "https://menlo.ai/", "sources": [ "hs-5bff1e1445", "hs-c7812e45c2" ] }, { "id": "mentee", "name": "Mentee Robotics (Mentee by Mobileye)", "country": "Israel", "type": "Company", "founded": "2022", "hq": null, "summary": "Israeli humanoid developer co-founded by Amnon Shashua, Lior Wolf and Shai Shalev-Shwartz. Mobileye agreed to buy it in January 2026 and runs it as an independent unit.", "focus": "general-purpose humanoids for warehouses and homes trained in simulation", "funding": "Over $40M raised before the deal (Calcalist, Nov 2025); Mobileye acquisition for about $900M (cash plus shares) announced Jan 2026.", "partners": "Mobileye (owner); customer proofs of concept planned for 2026", "website": "https://www.menteebot.com", "sources": [ "hs-432c263059", "hs-5d4b1e0e37", "hs-308a81bf0a" ] }, { "id": "michigan-state-university", "name": "Michigan State University", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in United States.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "midea", "name": "Midea Group", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "China", "summary": "Home-appliance conglomerate that owns KUKA (acquired 2017), runs a state key lab for heavy-duty robots and set up a Humanoid Robot Innovation Centre in 2024; splits humanoids into MIRO (industrial) and Meila (service) series.", "focus": "Factory humanoids for its own plants; service robots for retail stores", "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-e7319369f0" ] }, { "id": "minerva-humanoids", "name": "Minerva Humanoids", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in United States.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "mirrorme", "name": "MirrorMe Technology", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2024-05", "hq": "Shanghai, China", "summary": "Shanghai robotics firm with a core team from Zhejiang University, focused on speed since 2016; makes the Black Panther II quadruped and the Bolt humanoid; founder Wang Hongtao.", "focus": "High-speed legged robots", "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-d48b8be695" ] }, { "id": "mirsee", "name": "Mirsee Robotics", "country": "Canada", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Cambridge, Ontario, Canada", "summary": "Mirsee Robotics is a Canadian robotics engineering firm that builds teleoperated and AI-controlled humanoids on wheeled bases, now on its third generation (MH1 2021, MH2 2023, MH3 2025). It also designs actuators, vision systems, mobile platforms and MRI-safe surgical robots for clients.", "focus": "Wheeled humanoids for hazardous, physically demanding and hard-to-staff manufacturing jobs", "funding": "Not disclosed", "partners": "Client logos include Eclipse Automation, Stanford University (MRI-safe surgical robot research), XPRIZE, Apple TV+, Paramount+, Canada's Defence IDEaS programme and the National Research Council Canada; MH3 is in phased deployment with unnamed manufacturing partners.", "website": "https://mirsee.com/", "sources": [ "hs-c2c2086893", "hs-1dc1a2b022", "hs-e1b46ec544" ] }, { "id": "mit-computer-science", "name": "MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in United States.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "mit-humanoid", "name": "MIT Humanoid Robotics Group (MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory)", "country": "United States", "type": "University lab", "founded": "1993", "hq": "Cambridge, United States", "summary": "The Humanoid Robotics Group at the MIT AI Lab, led by Rodney Brooks and Lynn Andrea Stein, built the Cog humanoid from 1993. The project used a robot body to study how intelligence develops through physical interaction.", "focus": "Embodied, developmental AI: humanoids that learn from their own senses and movements", "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": "https://groups.csail.mit.edu/lbr/humanoid-robotics-group/cog/cog.html", "sources": [ "hs-3cd3accfd2" ] }, { "id": "mit-media-lab-personal-robots", "name": "MIT Media Lab Personal Robots Group with UMass Amherst and Meka Robotics", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in United States.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "mitsubishi", "name": "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": "1884", "hq": "Tokyo, Japan", "summary": "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries is a Japanese engineering group spanning aerospace, defence, energy, shipbuilding and industrial machinery. It built wakamaru, a home and reception robot test-sold in Tokyo in 2005.", "focus": "Industrial machinery and robots; wakamaru was its household companion robot.", "funding": "Public company (TYO: 7011).", "partners": "wakamaru rented to businesses as a receptionist by 2007.", "website": "https://www.mhi.com/", "sources": [ "hs-dce62b6e94", "hs-6e47d3838a" ] }, { "id": "muks", "name": "Muks Robotics", "country": "India", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in India.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "nanyang-technological-university", "name": "Nanyang Technological University (Institute for Media Innovation)", "country": "Singapore", "type": "University lab", "founded": "1991", "hq": "Singapore, Singapore", "summary": "Singapore public university (founded as Nanyang Technological Institute in 1981, university since 1991) whose Institute for Media Innovation, directed by Prof. Nadia Magnenat Thalmann, developed the Nadine social robot. Its work centres on social robots with emotions, memory and natural conversation.", "focus": "Social and telepresence humanoids (Nadine, EDGAR)", "funding": "Public university (Singapore government)", "partners": "Kokoro (Japan) built Nadine's body; deployments at AIA Singapore and Bright Hill Evergreen Home", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-7caa895fc5", "hs-9848a39caa", "hs-397dbc615b" ] }, { "id": "nasa-johnson-space-center", "name": "NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center", "country": "United States", "type": "Government lab", "founded": "1961", "hq": "Houston, United States", "summary": "NASA's centre for human spaceflight, astronaut training and Mission Control. Its robotics teams built Robonaut 1 with DARPA, Robonaut 2 with General Motors (flown on the ISS 2011-2018) and the Valkyrie (R5) humanoid for the DARPA Robotics Challenge.", "focus": "Dexterous humanoids that can use astronaut tools and work in space or disaster zones", "funding": "US federal government (NASA)", "partners": "DARPA (Robonaut 1); General Motors (Robonaut 2, Space Act Agreement 2007); MIT, Northeastern University, UMass Lowell and University of Edinburgh (Valkyrie loans)", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-7406f9178e", "hs-c1a6bb3374", "hs-8e046156f8" ] }, { "id": "aist", "name": "National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)", "country": "Japan", "type": "Government lab", "founded": "2001", "hq": "Tokyo, Japan", "summary": "AIST is Japan's public industrial research institute overseen by METI, with most staff in Tsukuba and roots going back to 1882. Its Humanoid Research Group builds the HRP humanoid series, including HRP-4C and HRP-5P.", "focus": "Humanoid research platforms for construction and industry, plus robot middleware and simulation (OpenRTM, OpenHRP, Choreonoid)", "funding": "Government-funded (METI-overseen); HRP-5P work funded by NEDO and JSPS", "partners": "Kawada Industries (HRP series hardware); Honda (patents used in HRP-4C and HRP-5P); Crypton Future Media (HRP-4C voice)", "website": "https://www.aist.go.jp", "sources": [ "hs-d65d251cc6", "hs-3a3f7abeb9", "hs-3d80fb0b6e" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/aist.png", "author": "Unknown authorUnknown author", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AIST_logo_en.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:AIST_logo_en.svg", "article": "File:AIST logo en.svg" } }, { "id": "carnegie-mellon-university-nrec", "name": "National Robotics Engineering Center (NREC), Carnegie Mellon University", "country": "United States", "type": "University lab", "founded": "1994", "hq": "Pittsburgh, United States", "summary": "NREC is an operating unit of Carnegie Mellon's Robotics Institute that turns robotics research into field-ready machines. Its Tartan Rescue team built CHIMP, which placed third at both the DRC Trials and the DRC Finals.", "focus": "Applied field robotics: unmanned vehicles, autonomy, sensing, manipulation", "funding": "Started with a US$2.5 million NASA seed grant; sponsors include NASA, DARPA, the US Department of Transportation, Air Force Research Laboratory and US Army Corps of Engineers", "partners": "CHIMP sponsors Amazon, Foxconn and Carnegie Robotics", "website": "https://www.nrec.ri.cmu.edu/", "sources": [ "hs-9ce047495a", "hs-2a4a22a2d7" ] }, { "id": "national-university-of-defense", "name": "National University of Defense Technology", "country": "China", "type": "University lab", "founded": "1953", "hq": "Changsha, China", "summary": "China's main military technology university, founded in Harbin in 1953 and re-established in Changsha in 1978 under the Central Military Commission. It is best known for the Tianhe supercomputers and built Xianxingzhe, described as China's first biped humanoid, in 2000.", "focus": "Military science and engineering research, including supercomputing and early robotics", "funding": "State-funded military university affiliated with the Central Military Commission; on the US Commerce Department Entity List since 2015", "partners": null, "website": "https://english.nudt.edu.cn", "sources": [ "hs-1601fd845d", "hs-c3fea5cb8e" ] }, { "id": "neura", "name": "NEURA Robotics", "country": "Germany", "type": "Company", "founded": "2019", "hq": "Metzingen, Germany", "summary": "German maker of cognitive cobots, mobile robots and the 4NE1 humanoid, founded by David Reger. It sells software through its Neuraverse ecosystem.", "focus": "cognitive robots and humanoids for industry, homes and education", "funding": "$86M (2021); $55M (July 2023); EUR 120M Series B (Jan 2025); Series C of up to $1.4B led by Tether (announced June 2026).", "partners": "Kawasaki, NVIDIA, SAP, Schaeffler, Bosch, Qualcomm, AWS, TUM", "website": "https://neura-robotics.com", "sources": [ "hs-b97c3180e3", "hs-bcf7428be3", "hs-d624ce484a", "hs-89561e3239", "hs-ac0c97100a" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/neura.png", "author": "Neura Robotics GmbH", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neura_robotics_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neura_robotics_logo.svg", "article": "File:Neura robotics logo.svg" } }, { "id": "neuromeka", "name": "Neuromeka", "country": "South Korea", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in South Korea.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "neurorobotics-research-laboratory", "name": "Neurorobotics Research Laboratory, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, later Beuth University of Applied Sciences", "country": "Germany", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in Germany.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "nippon-signal", "name": "Nippon Signal Co., Ltd.", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": "1928", "hq": "Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan", "summary": "Tokyo Stock Exchange Prime-listed maker of railway signalling, road-traffic, ticketing and platform-safety systems that also builds robots; it manufactures the ZIZAI high-place work robot developed with Jinki Ittai and JR West.", "focus": "Railway signalling and safety systems; robotics (ZIZAI, CLINABO cleaning robot)", "funding": "Listed company (TSE Prime); capital of 10 billion yen", "partners": "Jinki Ittai (technology licence), JR West", "website": "https://www.signal.co.jp", "sources": [ "hs-7627c49363", "hs-1a7007ce9b" ] }, { "id": "noble-machines", "name": "Noble Machines (formerly Under Control Robotics)", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": "2024", "hq": "Sunnyvale, California, USA", "summary": "Founded by former Apple, SpaceX, NASA and Caltech engineers (CEO Wei Ding) to build the Moby industrial humanoid for hazardous, heavy work.", "focus": "Industrial humanoids for manufacturing, logistics, construction, energy and semiconductors", "funding": null, "partners": "NVIDIA, ADLINK, Solomon, Schaeffler", "website": "https://noblemachines.ai", "sources": [ "hs-9d5190f816", "hs-5c699ed9bd" ] }, { "id": "noetix", "name": "Noetix Robotics", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2023", "hq": "Beijing, China", "summary": "Beijing humanoid start-up founded by former Tsinghua doctoral student Jiang Zheyuan; known for the N2 runner, the sub-$1,400 child-size Bumi and the Hobbs lifelike service robots.", "focus": "Low-cost small bipeds, lifelike service androids", "funding": "About 300 million yuan pre-B (Oct 2025, led by Vertex Ventures) and 200 million yuan pre-B+ (Nov 2025)", "partners": "Signed a strategic deal including a 1,000-unit Bumi order (2025)", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-574b381095", "hs-2fe3f57ef8", "hs-30132bc503", "hs-9aeebd6c15", "hs-cce4a13262", "hs-a52ac79555", "hs-d5932408f3" ] }, { "id": "nori", "name": "Nori Robotics", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "San Francisco, California, United States", "summary": "Five-person Y Combinator (Summer 2026) startup founded by Columbia robotics researcher Antonio Sitong Li, making the $1,688 Nori A3 two-armed home robot.", "focus": "Low-cost bimanual mobile manipulators for homes", "funding": "Y Combinator-backed; amounts not disclosed", "partners": null, "website": "https://www.norirobotics.com", "sources": [ "hs-2a14b67916", "hs-28bd1f2d8f" ] }, { "id": "android-technics", "name": "NPO Android Technics (JSC SPA Android Technics)", "country": "Russia", "type": "Company", "founded": "2009", "hq": "Magnitogorsk, Russia", "summary": "Russian developer and maker of robotic systems for medicine, education, space and the nuclear industry, best known for the FEDOR (Skybot F-850) humanoid that flew to the ISS in 2019. It has about 200 staff and says it has built more than 150 robotic systems.", "focus": "Teleoperated and semi-autonomous humanoids, servo drives and robots for space, medicine and education", "funding": "51% acquired in July 2025 by JSC Robot Corporation, part of Element Group (price not disclosed)", "partners": "Advanced Research Foundation, Roscosmos, Rosatom, Russian Emergencies Ministry", "website": "https://npo-at.com/en/company", "sources": [ "hs-d6c056a31b", "hs-948adf4065" ] }, { "id": "os3", "name": "OS3", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in United States.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "osaka-university", "name": "Osaka University", "country": "Japan", "type": "University lab", "founded": null, "hq": "Suita, Osaka, Japan", "summary": "Japanese national university whose robotics labs include Hiroshi Ishiguro's android lab (Geminoids, Alter series with the University of Tokyo's Ikegami lab) and Koh Hosoda's adaptive robotics lab (pneumatic infant robot Pneuborn).", "focus": "Androids, human-robot interaction, musculoskeletal and developmental robotics", "funding": "University research lab; ERICA was developed within the JST ERATO Ishiguro Symbiotic Human-Robot Interaction Project.", "partners": "University of Tokyo (Ikegami Lab), mixi, Warner Music Japan", "website": "https://www.osaka-u.ac.jp/en", "sources": [ "hs-2d60c92e34", "hs-37042ddfe7", "hs-a0389dc17d", "hs-3ed67c6046", "hs-e9d36add3c" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/osaka-university.png", "author": "ATR", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ATR_logo_2015.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ATR_logo_2015.svg", "article": "File:ATR logo 2015.svg" } }, { "id": "oversonic", "name": "Oversonic Robotics", "country": "Italy", "type": "Company", "founded": "2020", "hq": "Carate Brianza (MB), Italy; US office in Hamilton, Ohio", "summary": "Italian benefit company founded in 2020 that builds the RoBee cognitive humanoid, certified for factory work, with industrial and healthcare variants and an operational US presence.", "focus": "Certified cognitive humanoids for manufacturing, logistics and healthcare", "funding": "June 2026 equity from STMicroelectronics, Fondazione ENEA Tech Biomedical and SpotInvest (amount undisclosed); existing shareholders include Comat, Datalogic and AVM SGR's Cysero fund", "partners": "Fondazione Santa Lucia (Rome)", "website": "https://www.oversonicrobotics.com/", "sources": [ "hs-f864a1b25b", "hs-b8baf68f97", "hs-636d4d65bf" ] }, { "id": "pal", "name": "PAL Robotics", "country": "Spain", "type": "Company", "founded": "2004", "hq": "Barcelona, Spain", "summary": "Barcelona humanoid and service robot maker behind REEM, TALOS, TIAGo and the ARI social robot, which it supplies to research labs and EU projects.", "focus": "Humanoid, mobile manipulation and social robots for research and service", "funding": "Privately held; early humanoids were developed for Abu Dhabi-based Pal Technology (Gulf News, 2008); no venture rounds found", "partners": "University of Edinburgh and University of Waterloo (TALOS labs); about 200 partners and robots in 30+ countries (PAL figure)", "website": "https://pal-robotics.com/", "sources": [ "hs-8552ada756", "hs-3187d9f1d5", "hs-f6a194b879", "hs-f8ee2bbbac", "hs-1b70f4f957", "hs-f14742df5b", "hs-5945f52fbb", "hs-9a63e6f236" ] }, { "id": "paxini", "name": "PaXini Tech", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Chinese tactile-sensing company that makes multi-dimensional tactile sensors, Hall-effect force/torque sensors, the DexH13 dexterous hand, the TORA humanoids and an omni-modality data-collection system.", "focus": "Tactile sensors, dexterous hands, wheeled humanoids and tactile training data", "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": "https://www.paxini.com", "sources": [ "hs-6823615053", "hs-b38605c13b" ] }, { "id": "phybot", "name": "PHYBOT", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "China", "summary": "Chinese startup led by CEO Ren Shiau and co-founder Mao Shuha, both Tsinghua alumni, building high-torque electric humanoids for heavy work.", "focus": "High-power biped humanoids for logistics.", "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-75e09f35db", "hs-85852e5ccd" ] }, { "id": "pndbotics", "name": "PNDbotics", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "China", "summary": "Chinese humanoid maker that develops its own motors, drivers and reducers and builds the Adam full-size biped and the Adam-U upper-body data-collection robot; cites manufacturing hubs in Ningbo and Tianjin.", "focus": "Full-size RL-controlled humanoids, data-collection platforms, joint components.", "funding": null, "partners": "Inspire Robots (hands), Noitom (motion capture)", "website": "https://www.pndbotics.com", "sources": [ "hs-41c9545a30", "hs-3ee67a782f" ] }, { "id": "pollen", "name": "Pollen Robotics (Hugging Face)", "country": "France", "type": "Company", "founded": "2016", "hq": "France", "summary": "French open-source robotics company founded by Matthieu Lapeyre and Pierre Rouanet that makes the Reachy robots. Hugging Face bought it in April 2025.", "focus": "open-source humanoids for research and education", "funding": "About EUR 2.5M raised (incl. Bpifrance) before acquisition by Hugging Face for an undisclosed sum (Apr 2025).", "partners": "Hugging Face (owner)", "website": "https://pollen-robotics.com", "sources": [ "hs-1ea9072597", "hs-9d4ceec0fc", "hs-18a5abae74" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/pollen.png", "author": "Pollen Robotics", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pollen_Robotics_Logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pollen_Robotics_Logo.svg", "article": "File:Pollen Robotics Logo.svg" } }, { "id": "promobot", "name": "Promobot", "country": "Russia", "type": "Company", "founded": "2015", "hq": "Perm, Russia", "summary": "Perm-based service robot maker founded in 2015 from a 2013 student project, building wheeled Promobot consultants and the Robo-C android; it reports exports to dozens of countries.", "focus": "Autonomous service robots for business, medical kiosks, android companions", "funding": "USD 2.5 million from the Fund for Internet Initiatives Development (2016); revenue of 203.6 million rubles in 2020", "partners": "Skolkovo resident", "website": "https://promo-bot.ai/", "sources": [ "hs-57edb98310", "hs-8088be486d", "hs-303bf3f8bd", "hs-17a39c8840", "hs-6323eb93e3" ] }, { "id": "prosper", "name": "Prosper Robotics", "country": "United Kingdom", "type": "Company", "founded": "2021", "hq": "London (Hackney), United Kingdom", "summary": "London startup founded in 2021 by former OpenAI and Scale AI employee Shariq Hashme, building the Alfie home robot that leans on remote assistants while it learns.", "focus": "Teleoperation-assisted household robots", "funding": "Mostly self-funded with a small undisclosed amount from angels including Alexandr Wang, Ben Mann, Simon Last and Debo Olaosebikan", "partners": null, "website": "https://prosper-site.onrender.com", "sources": [ "hs-ea01e774ec", "hs-cdeee12af4" ] }, { "id": "pudu", "name": "Pudu Robotics", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Shenzhen, China", "summary": "Shenzhen service-robot maker best known for restaurant delivery and cleaning robots. In 2024 its Pudu X-Lab launched the D7 semi-humanoid, the DH11 hand and the D9 biped.", "focus": "commercial service robots (delivery, cleaning) and humanoids", "funding": null, "partners": "Reports over 80,000 robots shipped to 60+ countries across dining, retail, hospitality and healthcare (company).", "website": "https://www.pudurobotics.com", "sources": [ "hs-5001fbd944", "hs-ce265d8499", "hs-049545f2a0" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/pudu.png", "author": "Shenzhen Pudu Technology Co., Ltd.", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pudu_Robotics_Logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pudu_Robotics_Logo.svg", "article": "File:Pudu Robotics Logo.svg" } }, { "id": "puluo-yuzhou", "name": "Puluo Yuzhou Robotics", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in China.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "qihan", "name": "Qihan Technology", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2006", "hq": "Shenzhen, China", "summary": "Shenzhen company founded in 2006 that started in video cameras and entered robotics in 2012; its Sanbot service robots were sold in China largely under a robots-as-a-service model and launched in Europe at IFA 2016.", "focus": "Cloud-connected service robots", "funding": null, "partners": "IBM Watson, Nuance (voice)", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-6dd9218c57", "hs-f1330c2c48" ] }, { "id": "qiyuan", "name": "Qiyuan Robotics, Swancor Advanced Materials", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in China.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "qss-ai", "name": "QSS AI & Robots", "country": "Saudi Arabia", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in Saudi Arabia.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "rainbow", "name": "Rainbow Robotics", "country": "South Korea", "type": "Company", "founded": "2011", "hq": "Sejong, South Korea", "summary": "Korean company spun out of KAIST's HUBO humanoid lab under Professor Jun-Ho Oh. It makes cobots, quadrupeds and the RB-Y1 wheeled humanoid and is now a Samsung Electronics subsidiary.", "focus": "collaborative robots and research humanoids", "funding": "Public company (KOSDAQ 277810, listed Feb 2021); Samsung Electronics invested Jan 2023 and made it a subsidiary in Dec 2024.", "partners": "RB-Y1 users include MIT, UC Berkeley and Georgia Tech.", "website": "https://www.rainbow-robotics.com", "sources": [ "hs-26a0737548", "hs-b78a246f81", "hs-80b6e17b45", "hs-578760cbba" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/rainbow.png", "author": "Rainbow Robotics", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rainbow_Robotics_Logo_Black.png", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rainbow_Robotics_Logo_Black.png", "article": "File:Rainbow Robotics Logo Black.png" } }, { "id": "realbotix", "name": "Realbotix", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Las Vegas, Nevada, United States (manufacturing)", "summary": "Maker of lifelike humanoid companion and presentation robots (Aria, Melody, Echo) built in Las Vegas; its parent is listed on the TSX Venture Exchange (XBOT) and led by CEO Andrew Kiguel.", "focus": "Realistic-faced social humanoids for companionship, entertainment, events and customer service", "funding": "Publicly listed (TSX-V: XBOT; OTC: XBOTF; FSE: 76M0); bridge loan from Onconetix announced September 2026", "partners": null, "website": "https://www.realbotix.com", "sources": [ "hs-463ce253d6", "hs-172db17c6f" ] }, { "id": "realman", "name": "RealMan Robotics (RealMan Intelligent Technology)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2018", "hq": "Beijing, China", "summary": "Maker of ultra-light collaborative arms with in-house reducers, motors and controllers; about 400 staff in 2025 with a Japanese subsidiary and showroom. Runs a 100+ robot data-collection centre in Beijing.", "focus": "Lightweight robot arms, dual-arm and wheeled humanoid platforms, robot data collection", "funding": null, "partners": "Forcesteed Robotics (Japan)", "website": "https://www.realman-robotics.com/", "sources": [ "hs-151437e141", "hs-6210e8495c" ] }, { "id": "reflex", "name": "Reflex Robotics", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "New York, United States", "summary": "Startup led by CEO Ritesh Ragavender, whose founders came from MIT. It builds a teleoperation-assisted wheeled humanoid for warehouses.", "focus": "wheeled humanoids for warehouse and logistics work", "funding": "Seed round led by Khosla Ventures (amount not stated); site lists Liquid 2 Ventures, Collab Fund, 8090 Industries, Tishman Speyer and SNR as backers.", "partners": null, "website": "https://www.reflexrobotics.com", "sources": [ "hs-9fa7e3d21a", "hs-b59f3f85ef" ] }, { "id": "rethink", "name": "Rethink Robotics", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in United States.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "richtech", "name": "Richtech Robotics", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Las Vegas-area maker of service robots such as the ADAM drink robot and Matradee delivery robot, with 450+ deployments (company figure). Dex is its first mobile humanoid.", "focus": "service and industrial robots", "funding": "Public company (Nasdaq: RR).", "partners": null, "website": "https://richtechrobotics.com", "sources": [ "hs-11b9b6441f", "hs-9d8327721a" ] }, { "id": "riken", "name": "RIKEN", "country": "Japan", "type": "Government lab", "founded": "1917", "hq": "Wakō, Saitama, Japan", "summary": "RIKEN is Japan's largest national research institute, with about 3,000 scientists across seven campuses. Its Robot Sensor Systems Research Team built the RIBA and ROBEAR patient-lifting robots with rubber maker Tokai Rubber Industries (now Sumitomo Riko).", "focus": "Care robots that lift patients safely using soft materials and tactile sensing (now ended at RIKEN).", "funding": "Almost entirely government funded; annual budget about JPY 100 billion (US$750 million) in FY2023.", "partners": "Tokai Rubber Industries / Sumitomo Riko (RIKEN-TRI and RIKEN-SRK collaboration centers, Nagoya, closed March 2015).", "website": "https://www.riken.jp/en/", "sources": [ "hs-b2724eeb25", "hs-9f8455434a", "hs-5042aa5a49" ] }, { "id": "riken-bio-mimetic-control-research-center", "name": "RIKEN Bio-Mimetic Control Research Center", "country": "Japan", "type": "Government lab", "founded": null, "hq": "Nagoya, Japan", "summary": "A RIKEN research centre that studied control systems modelled on living things, with labs on environment-adaptive robots and biologically inspired sensors. It built RI-MAN, a care robot that lifted people-sized dolls, whose work passed to the RIKEN-Tokai Rubber centre that made RIBA.", "focus": "care robots that lift people, tactile sensing, bio-inspired control", "funding": "Part of RIKEN, Japan's national research institute (founded 1917, almost entirely government-funded; about ¥100 billion budget in FY2023).", "partners": "Tokai Rubber Industries (joint RTC centre from 2007, which built RIBA)", "website": "https://www.riken.jp/en/", "sources": [ "hs-bd7ef1a8ed", "hs-c33062bad4", "hs-9f8455434a", "hs-a5190b9d05" ] }, { "id": "robbyant", "name": "Robbyant (Shanghai Ant Lingbo Technology)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Shanghai, China", "summary": "Ant Group's embodied-AI subsidiary; makes the R1 and R2 robots and the LingBot model family (VLA, vision, world model).", "focus": "Service humanoids for kitchens, guiding, pharmacies and care; embodied-AI models.", "funding": "Owned by Ant Group.", "partners": "Ti5 Robot (joints), Galaxea AI (body structure); planned work with Unitree and Orbbec", "website": "https://www.robbyant.com", "sources": [ "hs-92eca605b8", "hs-6eeed114ec" ] }, { "id": "roboforce", "name": "RoboForce", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in United States.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "robopreneur-sdn-bhd", "name": "Robopreneur Sdn Bhd", "country": "Malaysia", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in Malaysia.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "roboscience", "name": "RoboScience", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2024 (December)", "hq": "Beijing, China", "summary": "Embodied-AI start-up led by CEO Tian Ye (ex-Apple machine-learning lead) with chief scientist Shao Lin (NUS); it develops the Visics model and launched the REX G1 as its first robot in August 2026.", "focus": "General embodied-AI models and wheeled humanoids for logistics and manufacturing", "funding": "Seed (April 2025); about CNY 200M angel led by JD.com (July 2025) with China Merchants Venture, SenseCapital and 01VC; later rounds reported", "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-87ff8dff04", "hs-6da0deb079" ] }, { "id": "robotera", "name": "Robotera (Robot Era)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2023", "hq": "Beijing, China", "summary": "Beijing humanoid and dexterous-hand maker that develops hardware and software in-house; reports over 600 units delivered and XHAND users including Skild AI, UC Berkeley, MIT and ByteDance Seed.", "focus": "Bipedal and wheeled humanoids, direct-drive dexterous hands", "funding": "Series A about 500 million yuan (July 2025, CDH and Haier Capital); Series A+ nearly 1 billion yuan (Nov 2025, Geely Capital); 1 billion yuan strategic round (Mar 2026, incl. Samsung and Singtel) at over 10 billion yuan valuation.", "partners": "200+ robots delivered by June 2025; orders above 500 million yuan, about half overseas (company); SF Express customs-inspection collaboration.", "website": "https://www.robotera.com", "sources": [ "hs-6d122f19fa", "hs-091e80dcdf", "hs-be82b13af4", "hs-4be4e99259", "hs-6532e1044e", "hs-d5932408f3", "hs-d5102b3fc9" ] }, { "id": "robotis", "name": "ROBOTIS", "country": "South Korea", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "South Korea", "summary": "Korean robot actuator specialist known for DYNAMIXEL servos; now offers open-source physical-AI platforms including the AI Sapiens humanoid, AI Worker and OMY arms.", "focus": "Actuators, open-source robot platforms", "funding": null, "partners": "NVIDIA (Isaac Sim, Jetson)", "website": "https://www.robotis.com/", "sources": [ "hs-1d9e57953d", "hs-c61a2a3845", "hs-ee3d51a519", "hs-9fb03b0184", "hs-6df8045f70", "hs-0d23a2a448" ] }, { "id": "robros", "name": "ROBROS", "country": "South Korea", "type": "Company", "founded": "2020", "hq": "Seongdong-gu, Seoul, South Korea", "summary": "Seoul robotics company founded in 2020 by CEO Noh Seung-jun that started with unmanned robot cafés and robot noodle stations at rest areas and VIPS restaurants, then released the IGRIS-A and IGRIS-C humanoids in 2025.", "focus": "Food-service robots and general-purpose humanoids for industrial sites", "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": "https://www.robros.co.kr", "sources": [ "hs-f5a2944c35" ] }, { "id": "rokae", "name": "ROKAE Robotics", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Beijing, China", "summary": "Beijing industrial and collaborative robot maker serving Tier 1 auto suppliers; added the Human.X full-size humanoid in its embodied-intelligence series.", "focus": "Industrial and collaborative arms; humanoids for factories", "funding": "HKEX Main Board listing, July 2026.", "partners": "SHANTUI Construction Machinery, China Welding Association", "website": "https://www.rokae.com/en/", "sources": [ "hs-c8bae840f2", "hs-a9df536d42", "hs-d32fb8b972" ] }, { "id": "romela", "name": "RoMeLa (Robotics & Mechanisms Laboratory), UCLA", "country": "United States", "type": "University lab", "founded": null, "hq": "Los Angeles, California, USA", "summary": "Dennis Hong's lab, formerly at Virginia Tech and now at UCLA, has built humanoid and other robots for more than 20 years, including DARwIn-OP, BRUCE and ARTEMIS, and has won six RoboCup world titles.", "focus": "Humanoid locomotion, actuators, robot soccer", "funding": "Office of Naval Research grant and crowdfunding (over 320 donors, about USD 500,000) for ARTEMIS", "partners": "Westwood Robotics", "website": "https://www.romela.org/", "sources": [ "hs-b7c9c8dbbf", "hs-06512c9fba", "hs-5ac24b7919", "hs-09cf458b11" ] }, { "id": "rotaku", "name": "Rotaku", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Silicon Valley, California, United States", "summary": "Startup founded by Takuzen Lu that sells the low-cost Domo humanoid development platforms in three sizes.", "focus": "Low-cost humanoid platforms for developers, education and research", "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": "https://rotaku.ai", "sources": [ "hs-7fe232daa4" ] }, { "id": "sabanci-university", "name": "Sabanci University", "country": "Turkey", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in Turkey.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "samsung-electronics", "name": "Samsung Electronics with KIST", "country": "South Korea", "type": "Company", "founded": "1969", "hq": "Suwon, South Korea", "summary": "Samsung Electronics is South Korea's largest electronics maker. Its Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology built the Roboray research biped with KIST, which had co-developed humanoids with Samsung since 2004; the company later became the largest shareholder of Rainbow Robotics (2025) and set up a Robotics eXperience division (July 2026).", "focus": "research humanoids (Roboray) and, later, home and humanoid robotics", "funding": "public company (KRX: 005930)", "partners": "KIST (humanoid co-development), University of Bristol (Roboray 3D mapping, collaboration since 2009), Rainbow Robotics (largest shareholder since 2025)", "website": "https://www.samsung.com/", "sources": [ "hs-a351a6502b", "hs-d4df673137", "hs-f7efb304c9" ] }, { "id": "sanctuary-ai", "name": "Sanctuary AI", "country": "Canada", "type": "Company", "founded": "2018", "hq": "Vancouver, Canada", "summary": "Canadian developer of the Phoenix humanoid with hydraulic hands and the Carbon AI control system. In 2026 it began licensing its AI to other robot platforms.", "focus": "general-purpose humanoids and physical AI for retail and manufacturing", "funding": "Up to $140M raised by Nov 2024 including a $75.5M Series A and a C$30M Strategic Innovation Fund contribution.", "partners": "Magna International (investor and factory partner), Mark's and Sport Chek, Microsoft; investors BDC Capital, Export Development Canada, Panache Ventures", "website": "https://www.sanctuary.ai", "sources": [ "hs-20c3aaf445", "hs-6473d31b02", "hs-2dc268acff" ] }, { "id": "sber", "name": "Sber (Sberbank)", "country": "Russia", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Moscow, Russia", "summary": "Russia's largest bank, which develops the GigaChat AI models and unveiled its first humanoid, Green, in November 2025; CEO Herman Gref said production would start by autumn 2026.", "focus": "Banking and technology; GigaChat AI; robotics for retail, catering and manufacturing.", "funding": "Listed company.", "partners": null, "website": "https://www.sberbank.com", "sources": [ "hs-2993486246", "hs-3c7d8009ce" ] }, { "id": "schaft", "name": "SCHAFT Inc.", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": "2012", "hq": "Tokyo, Japan", "summary": "SCHAFT was a University of Tokyo JSK Lab spin-off that built liquid-cooled biped robots and won the 2013 DARPA Robotics Challenge Trials. Google bought it in 2013 and Alphabet closed it in 2018 after a sale to SoftBank fell through.", "focus": "High-power bipedal robots for disaster response", "funding": "Acquired by Google in 2013 (undisclosed); closed by Alphabet in November 2018", "partners": "University of Tokyo JSK Lab and AIST (walking control); Kawada Industries (leg design base); DARPA Robotics Challenge", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-1c45844a15", "hs-2eaae2977e", "hs-8a6122d342" ] }, { "id": "seoul-national-university-dynamic-systems-lab", "name": "Seoul National University Dynamic Robotics Systems Lab, with NJIT industrial design", "country": "South Korea", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in South Korea.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "seres", "name": "Seres Group", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in China.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "shanghai", "name": "Shanghai Electric", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2004", "hq": "Shanghai, China", "summary": "Shanghai Electric Group is a state-owned Chinese heavy-equipment maker, with roots back to 1880, known for power-generation gear such as steam turbines, wind turbines, transformers and elevators. Its automation group builds industrial humanoids (Suyuan, Tuoyuan, Mermaid), dual-arm robots and parts such as roller screws and dexterous hands.", "focus": "Industrial humanoids for logistics, inspection, assembly and electrical operations in smart factories", "funding": "Public company (SSE: 601727; HKEX: 2727)", "partners": "Joint venture with Johnson Electric on humanoid joints and modules; first-unit supply deal with the National and Local Co-Built Humanoid Robotics Innovation Center (Qinglong); cooperation memo with Fourier.", "website": "https://www.shanghai-electric.com/", "sources": [ "hs-a006b4e25e", "hs-eb4041b989", "hs-56c772eaf5" ] }, { "id": "sharpa", "name": "Sharpa", "country": "Singapore", "type": "Company", "founded": "2024", "hq": "Singapore", "summary": "Singapore-headquartered start-up founded in late 2024 by the three co-founders of LiDAR maker Hesai, with R&D in Shanghai. It makes the SharpaWave tactile hand and the North wheeled humanoid.", "focus": "dexterous tactile hands and humanoids for manipulation work", "funding": "Over 4.5 billion yuan (about $669M) at a 22 billion yuan valuation (Aug 2026, company disclosure), from Alibaba, Meituan, Tencent, JD.com, HongShan, Qiming and others.", "partners": "JTC, A*STAR and Grab MOUs (Apr 2026); Dairy Queen Shanghai robot store (Aug 2026); hands used in NVIDIA's GR00T reference humanoid (reported).", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-0148010e10", "hs-458ed1e504", "hs-182802838d", "hs-bed64bfaae" ] }, { "id": "shenzhen-cyborg", "name": "Shenzhen Cyborg Robotics (Shenzhen Xborg Robotics)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China", "summary": "Scientist-led startup headed by Dr Dong Dianbiao that builds heavy-load, tendon-driven humanoids to take people out of dangerous industrial work.", "focus": "Heavy-duty humanoids for chemicals, mining, power plants and offshore energy.", "funding": null, "partners": "Leader Drive, Shenyang Foundry Institute, Fujian Mgcast, Xinji Semiconductor; reports 50+ ecosystem partners", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-511e53f3a8", "hs-fa4d7532c1" ] }, { "id": "shenzhen-daxiang-antai", "name": "Shenzhen Daxiang Antai Technology", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in China.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "siasun", "name": "Siasun", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in China.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "sichuan-tianlian", "name": "Sichuan Tianlian Robot (TLIBOT; formerly Sichuan Fude Robot)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2012", "hq": "Mianyang High-tech Zone, Sichuan, China", "summary": "Mianyang robot maker founded in 2012 by a team led by Hu Tianlian, listed on China's NEEQ board since 2015; it makes robot joints, arms and composite robots and began humanoid work with the T1. In July 2025 it signed an IPO tutoring deal for a STAR Market listing.", "focus": "Robot joint modules, robotic arms, composite robots and humanoids", "funding": "NEEQ-listed; 2024 revenue of about RMB 29.9 million with net losses (36Kr)", "partners": null, "website": "https://www.tlibot.com", "sources": [ "hs-64ca7c4e64", "hs-34e2437b8b" ] }, { "id": "sony", "name": "Sony Group Corporation", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": "1946", "hq": "Tokyo, Japan", "summary": "Japanese electronics and entertainment group that built the SDR-3X and SDR-4X/QRIO small entertainment humanoids from a project started in 1997. It stopped QRIO development in January 2006, the same day it discontinued AIBO.", "focus": "Small entertainment humanoids with fast, dynamic whole-body motion (SDR/QRIO)", "funding": "public company (TYO: 6758; NYSE: SONY)", "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-e4ae27e047", "hs-729b63066e", "hs-2b5a4271c1" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/sony.png", "author": "Sony Corporation", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Sony_Corporation_(make.believe).svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Sony_Corporation_(make.believe).svg", "article": "File:Logo of the Sony Corporation (make.believe).svg" } }, { "id": "spirit-ai", "name": "Spirit AI (Qianxun Intelligence)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2024", "hq": "China", "summary": "Embodied-AI startup founded in January 2024, led by founder and CEO Han Fengtao with co-founder Gao Yang heading models; builds the Spirit VLA model series and Moz robots and reports deployments at CATL and JD.", "focus": "Robot foundation models (Spirit v1-v1.6), force-controlled humanoids, large-scale real-world data collection.", "funding": "Pre-A 528 million yuan (June 2025); PreA+ nearly 600 million yuan led by JD (July 2025); nearly 2 billion yuan (early 2026); 1 billion yuan co-led by Shunwei and Yunfeng (April 2026); 1.5 billion yuan A+ (June 2026). Investors also include Prosperity7, Huawei-linked funds, CATL, Inovance, TCL and Xiaomi.", "partners": "CATL, JD, Huawei (HiSilicon), D-Robotics, Bosch, Schaeffler", "website": "https://www.spirit-ai.com", "sources": [ "hs-90b8f0ebd0", "hs-d11112a69f", "hs-2398841e05" ] }, { "id": "stanford-personal-program", "name": "Stanford Personal Robotics Program", "country": "United States", "type": "University lab", "founded": "2006", "hq": "Stanford, California, United States", "summary": "A Stanford project started by PhD students Keenan Wyrobek and Eric Berger, backed by professors Ken Salisbury and Andrew Ng, to build shared hardware and software for personal robots. It produced the PR1 robot and the early ROS software, then moved to Willow Garage, where it became the PR2 and ROS.", "focus": "mobile manipulation research platforms for homes and offices", "funding": "Private donors (first gift $50k from Joanna Hoffman and Alain Rossmann) plus Stanford matching funds; aimed to raise $4 million; later funded by Scott Hassan's Willow Garage.", "partners": "Stanford AI Robot (STAIR) team; Willow Garage (from 2008)", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-f772bc8037", "hs-6767227aa2" ] }, { "id": "stanford-university", "name": "Stanford Robotics Lab (Oussama Khatib), Stanford University", "country": "United States", "type": "University lab", "founded": null, "hq": "Stanford, United States", "summary": "The Stanford Robotics Lab, directed by Oussama Khatib, works on robot control and haptics. It built Ocean One, a humanoid diving robot that lets a pilot feel what its hands touch.", "focus": "Robot control, haptics and human-robot teleoperation, including underwater humanoids", "funding": null, "partners": "DRASSM, the French underwater archaeology agency (La Lune dive, 2016)", "website": "https://khatib.stanford.edu/", "sources": [ "hs-61a00f1221", "hs-6969cf5348" ] }, { "id": "sunday", "name": "Sunday Robotics", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Mountain View, United States", "summary": "Startup led by Tony Zhao and Cheng Chi that builds Memo, a wheeled home robot. Memo learns chores from data recorded with Sunday's Skill Capture Glove.", "focus": "home robots", "funding": "$165M Series B at $1.15B led by Coatue (Mar 2026), with Bain Capital Ventures, Fidelity, Tiger Global, Benchmark, Conviction, Xtal Ventures.", "partners": null, "website": "https://www.sunday.ai", "sources": [ "hs-48d84d3a0e", "hs-05b79eb554" ] }, { "id": "switchbot", "name": "SwitchBot", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "China", "summary": "Smart-home device maker whose 'Smart Home 2.0' line adds household robots, including its first humanoid, onero H1.", "focus": "Smart-home devices and household robots", "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": "https://www.switch-bot.com/", "sources": [ "hs-2d5bb49ebd" ] }, { "id": "tangible", "name": "Tangible", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Palo Alto, California, USA", "summary": "Startup led by co-founder and CEO Bipasha Sen (who left an MIT PhD) building the Eggie wheeled humanoid around dexterous five-fingered hands.", "focus": "Home and general-purpose wheeled humanoids, dexterous manipulation, exoskeleton data collection.", "funding": "Amount not disclosed; investors include Hubert Thieblot.", "partners": null, "website": "https://tangiblerobots.ai", "sources": [ "hs-f5ba028ac7" ] }, { "id": "techman", "name": "Techman Robot", "country": "Taiwan", "type": "Company", "founded": "2016", "hq": "Taoyuan, Taiwan", "summary": "Techman Robot is a Quanta Computer subsidiary best known for collaborative robot arms with built-in vision, first shipped at the end of 2016. It now pursues a 'dual AI engine' plan pairing its AI cobots with the TM Xplore I wheeled humanoid.", "focus": "AI vision cobots and industrial humanoids for electronics, semiconductor and automotive manufacturing", "funding": "Subsidiary of Quanta Computer (spun out of Quanta Storage); Omron announced a 10% stake in 2021", "partners": "NVIDIA (Jetson, Isaac), Quanta Cloud Technology, j-mex (motion capture), Omron; six Taiwanese universities via TM Academy; Quanta's German automotive plant uses its cobots.", "website": "https://www.tm-robot.com/en/", "sources": [ "hs-7e35f68c38", "hs-323d18ca5e", "hs-e070144d6e", "hs-9961bd67fc" ] }, { "id": "technical-university-of-munich", "name": "Technical University of Munich (TUM)", "country": "Germany", "type": "University lab", "founded": "1868", "hq": "Munich, Germany", "summary": "TUM is a German public research university that hosts the Munich School of Robotics and Machine Intelligence. Its biped team built LOLA, a 1.76 m humanoid for fast, human-like walking research.", "focus": "Fast, stable biped walking and humanoid locomotion", "funding": "Public university (budget about EUR 2.17 billion in 2024, including the university hospital)", "partners": null, "website": "https://www.tum.de/", "sources": [ "hs-c46e8ed8e1" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/technical-university-of-munich.png", "author": "TUM ccc", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Technical_University_of_Munich.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Technical_University_of_Munich.svg", "article": "Technical University of Munich" } }, { "id": "tekntrash", "name": "TeknTrash Robotics", "country": "United Kingdom", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "London, UK (China base in Suzhou Industrial Park since November 2025)", "summary": "UK startup led by CEO Al Costa building robots and motion-capture data tools for waste sorting, sold as Robot-as-a-Service.", "focus": "Waste-sorting humanoids, human-motion data capture (HoloLab), recycling data for EPR/ESG.", "funding": null, "partners": "Sharp Group, Queen Mary University, Google Cloud, NVIDIA, Meta", "website": "https://www.tekntrash.com", "sources": [ "hs-a4e4c5677c", "hs-eed53c3ced" ] }, { "id": "telexistence", "name": "Telexistence Inc.", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": "2017", "hq": "Tokyo, Japan", "summary": "Telexistence is a Tokyo robotics start-up that began with remotely piloted avatar humanoids (MODEL H, Model-T) and moved to AI-assisted shelf-stocking arms for convenience stores. Its next-generation robot GHOST is planned for mass production with Foxconn.", "focus": "Teleoperated and AI-assisted robots for retail and logistics", "funding": "USD 170M (JPY 23bn) Series B in July 2023 including SoftBank, KDDI Open Innovation Fund, Airbus Ventures and a Foxconn co-GP fund; about USD 193.5M raised in total (reported, 2023)", "partners": "FamilyMart (robots in 300 stores, announced 2021); KDDI; SoftBank Robotics Group; Foxconn", "website": "https://tx-inc.com", "sources": [ "hs-7814d559a1", "hs-6d077dff8f", "hs-674a25b219", "hs-331a03f488" ] }, { "id": "tesla", "name": "Tesla", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": "2003", "hq": "Austin, Texas, United States", "summary": "Electric-vehicle and energy company that is converting its Fremont Model S/X line to build the Optimus humanoid. Optimus has not been sold yet.", "focus": "general-purpose humanoids for Tesla factories and later outside customers", "funding": "Public company (Nasdaq: TSLA).", "partners": "Internal use: Bumble C demo task at Tesla's Fremont factory (2022).", "website": "https://www.tesla.com", "sources": [ "hs-69c7bbb3a8", "hs-a7f44c000c", "hs-2534aee1f7", "hs-4170cb5700", "hs-38208e5740", "hs-59097e548b", "hs-9fba0701b7", "hs-d5932408f3", "hs-803f15af8f", "hs-5898d9e278", "hs-95beca9534" ] }, { "id": "the-studio", "name": "The Robot Studio and the EU ECCEROBOT project", "country": "France", "type": "Consortium", "founded": null, "hq": "Villeurbanne (Lyon area), France", "summary": "The Robot Studio is a small French maker of biologically inspired robot hardware run by Rob Knight, known for anthropomimetic robots and open-source robot hands. It designed and built the ECCE robots for ECCEROBOT, a 2009-2011 EU project led by the University of Sussex.", "focus": "anthropomimetic robots with artificial bones and tendons; robot hands", "funding": "ECCEROBOT: EU FP7 grant, €3.0 million total cost and €2.33 million EU contribution (2009-2011), of which €449k went to The Robot Studio.", "partners": "University of Sussex, University of Zurich, TU Munich, University of Belgrade; later maxon, NVIDIA, Science Museum London (ROSA)", "website": "https://www.therobotstudio.com/", "sources": [ "hs-60899a97cd", "hs-d49a7c61ad", "hs-ae3d7f7ed9" ] }, { "id": "thk", "name": "THK Co., Ltd.", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Tokyo, Japan", "summary": "Japanese maker of linear-motion guides, ball screws and actuators that built the FRED (HR-S01) running humanoid to show off its own actuators and as a step toward general-purpose humanoids.", "focus": "Linear motion components, actuators, robotics components.", "funding": "Listed company.", "partners": null, "website": "https://www.thk.com", "sources": [ "hs-fe7d17e29f" ] }, { "id": "ti5robot", "name": "Ti5Robot (Ti5 Robot Shanghai Co., Ltd.)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2020", "hq": "Minhang District, Shanghai, China", "summary": "Shanghai maker of electric robot joint modules (about 50 models) and humanoids, including the T170A biped and the wheeled T170D, for research, teaching and reception.", "focus": "Joint modules, electric drive systems and humanoid platforms", "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": "https://ti5robot.com", "sources": [ "hs-7d424dd903", "hs-e99a3505ba" ] }, { "id": "tmsuk", "name": "tmsuk", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Kyoto, Japan (head office and central lab); base in Munakata, Fukuoka", "summary": "Japanese robot maker known for rescue, security, medical-training and showpiece robots, including the samurai-armoured Kiyomori (2005) and the T-52 Enryu rescue robot. Today it builds pediatric patient simulators, sewer-inspection robots and construction and farm robots, and takes part in KyoHA, a Kyoto group developing a Japanese-made humanoid.", "focus": "Medical education robots, infrastructure inspection, construction, agriculture, mobility, disaster rescue, custom robots", "funding": null, "partners": "Kyoto Humanoid Association (KyoHA)", "website": "https://www.tmsuk.co.jp/", "sources": [ "hs-b47eaf9629", "hs-21fa1462cc" ] }, { "id": "tokyo", "name": "Tokyo Robotics", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": "2015-01", "hq": "Tokyo, Japan", "summary": "Waseda University spin-off founded in January 2015 that builds torque-sensing arms and the Torobo dual-arm semi-humanoid; reported to have become a wholly owned subsidiary of Yaskawa Electric on 1 July 2025.", "focus": "Force-controlled arms and humanoid platforms for research and industry", "funding": null, "partners": "Yaskawa Electric (parent), SoftBank (AI-RAN demo)", "website": "https://robotics.tokyo/", "sources": [ "hs-9e58d0e48c", "hs-da353fb347", "hs-1c07c4bfd0" ] }, { "id": "toshiba", "name": "Toshiba Corporation", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": "1875", "hq": "Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan", "summary": "Toshiba is a Japanese electronics and infrastructure company. In 2014 it unveiled the Aiko Chihira communication android, developed with Alab and several Japanese universities.", "focus": "Infrastructure, semiconductors and storage; humanoid work was a communication-android project.", "funding": "Privately held since December 2023 after a buyout by a Japan Industrial Partners-led consortium; delisted from the Tokyo Stock Exchange.", "partners": "Alab and Japanese universities (development); Mitsukoshi Nihombashi (2015 receptionist); AQUA CiTY Odaiba (2016).", "website": "https://www.global.toshiba/ww/top.html", "sources": [ "hs-4549a54589", "hs-8b41f30760", "hs-f1ce22f5e6" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/toshiba.png", "author": "Toshiba Corporation", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toshiba_logo.svg", "article": "File:Toshiba logo.svg" } }, { "id": "tosy", "name": "TOSY Robotics", "country": "Vietnam", "type": "Company", "founded": "2004", "hq": "Vietnam", "summary": "Private Vietnamese robotics and smart-toy company best known for the TOPIO table-tennis humanoid shown in Tokyo and Nuremberg. It also made toy robots such as DiscoRobo and industrial arm, parallel and SCARA robots; its current status is unclear.", "focus": "Entertainment robots, smart toys and industrial robots", "funding": "Private company (no funding disclosed)", "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-a1212117f3" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/tosy.png", "author": "RoboFi", "license": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "licenseUrl": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TOSY_Robotics_Logo.jpg", "article": "TOSY" } }, { "id": "toyota", "name": "Toyota Research Institute", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": "2016", "hq": "Los Altos, California, United States", "summary": "Toyota's US research arm, set up in 2016 and led by Gill Pratt, working on AI, automated driving and robotics. Its Punyo project explores soft, whole-body manipulation for home help.", "focus": "AI and robotics research, including soft robots for home assistance", "funding": "Toyota subsidiary; launched with $1 billion over five years.", "partners": "HSR developer community of universities, labs and companies (from 2015); Kirobo with Dentsu, University of Tokyo RCAST, Robo Garage and JAXA; T-HR3 torque modules with Tamagawa Seiki and Nidec Copal Electronics", "website": "https://www.tri.global", "sources": [ "hs-0491b184d4", "hs-dc0e86aa2f", "hs-ace239377c", "hs-b09830e876", "hs-083ea3421f", "hs-b3e46dca32", "hs-ea7c954e5a" ] }, { "id": "tu-darmstadt", "name": "TU Darmstadt, Simulation, Systems Optimization and Robotics group (Darmstadt Dribblers)", "country": "Germany", "type": "University lab", "founded": "2000", "hq": "Darmstadt, Germany", "summary": "Oskar von Stryk's group at TU Darmstadt, founded in 2000, works on autonomous mobile robots, biologically inspired robots and optimisation and control. Its Darmstadt Dribblers team played RoboCup humanoid soccer with robots such as Bruno, built on Hajime Research Institute hardware.", "focus": "Autonomous robot teams, human-centred and bio-inspired robotics, RoboCup", "funding": null, "partners": "Hajime Research Institute", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-f8e480e86b" ] }, { "id": "ubtech", "name": "UBTECH Robotics", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2012", "hq": "Shenzhen, China", "summary": "Shenzhen humanoid and service robot company behind the Walker series, which used Walker X technology for the custom Panda Robot built for Expo 2020 Dubai's China Pavilion.", "focus": "Humanoid, service and educational robots", "funding": "Public company: HKEX 9880, listed 29 Dec 2023 at HK$90 (market cap HK$37.6 billion). H1 2026 revenue 1.269 billion yuan with a 339 million yuan net loss; 921 full-size humanoids sold in H1 2026 (company).", "partners": "BYD, NIO, Geely/Zeekr, Dongfeng Liuzhou, FAW-Volkswagen Qingdao, Audi FAW, BAIC, Foxconn, SF Express, SANY Renewable Energy, ROSSMANN (via Terra Robotics), Hitachi partnership (2026).", "website": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/", "sources": [ "hs-bdb1264c8e", "hs-b0feda07f9", "hs-b748507d4a", "hs-bd92e17223", "hs-e0464d9412", "hs-3b4d7f24d8", "hs-dfa12eec2d", "hs-36671d1d27", "hs-9d73637e89", "hs-6173f399fc", "hs-b01268e0cd", "hs-a039da6e8f", "hs-9a1730c896", "hs-d5102b3fc9" ] }, { "id": "uc-berkeley", "name": "UC Berkeley", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in United States.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "uc-san-diego-machine-perception-lab", "name": "UC San Diego Machine Perception Lab with Kokoro and Hanson Robotics", "country": "United States", "type": "University lab", "founded": "1960", "hq": "La Jolla (San Diego), United States", "summary": "The Machine Perception Laboratory at UC San Diego's Institute for Neural Computation, led by Javier Movellan, builds systems that perceive and interact with people in real time, including face and expression recognition and robot learning. It created the Diego-san child android with a Kokoro body and Hanson Robotics head to study infant development.", "focus": "real-time perception, facial expression recognition and developmental robotics", "funding": "public university (UC San Diego R&D spending $1.42 billion in 2021)", "partners": "Kokoro (Diego-san body), Hanson Robotics (Diego-san head); many lab members later moved to Apple", "website": "https://mplab.ucsd.edu/", "sources": [ "hs-3fac8ca8d0", "hs-a1091c912f" ] }, { "id": "ugo", "name": "ugo Inc. (ugo株式会社)", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": "2018", "hq": "Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan", "summary": "Tokyo robotics startup led by CEO Ken Matsui, known for ugo security, inspection and guidance robots, now building the Japanese-made ugo Nova for physical-AI data collection.", "focus": "Service robots, robot management platforms and physical-AI data services", "funding": null, "partners": "GK Kyoto, Asratec, ABEJA, APTO, FastLabel, Forcesteed Robotics, Muso Action, Prox Industries", "website": "https://ugo.plus/", "sources": [ "hs-68e2c6f155", "hs-0792f9afc5", "hs-356f49b699", "hs-a43503bdba" ] }, { "id": "uma", "name": "UMA", "country": "France", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in France.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "unam-bio-laboratory", "name": "UNAM Bio-Robotics Laboratory, School of Engineering", "country": "Mexico", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in Mexico.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "uniccon", "name": "UNICCON Group (Omeife Technologies)", "country": "Nigeria", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Abuja, Nigeria; Europe office in London", "summary": "Abuja-based Nigerian technology group with subsidiaries in AI, robotics, drones, telemedicine and training, which built Omeife, presented as Africa's first humanoid robot, in 2022.", "focus": "AI, robotics, drones, cybersecurity, software", "funding": null, "partners": "NITDA (commercialisation directive)", "website": "https://uniccongroup.com", "sources": [ "hs-1797a6302f", "hs-0b1685c525" ] }, { "id": "unitree", "name": "Unitree Robotics", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2016", "hq": "Hangzhou, China", "summary": "Hangzhou firm founded by Wang Xingxing that grew from quadruped robot dogs into the best-selling maker of low-cost humanoids. It sells the H1, G1, R1 and H2 humanoids to research, education and commercial buyers worldwide.", "focus": "affordable legged robots (quadrupeds and humanoids) for research, education and entertainment", "funding": "Public company: listed on Shanghai's STAR Market on 19 Aug 2026 (688836.SH), raising about 6.1 billion yuan at 150.80 yuan a share; earlier backers include HongShan, Matrix Partners, Shunwei, and Tencent, Alibaba and Meituan affiliates. 2025 revenue 1.70 billion yuan, net profit 278 million yuan (prospectus).", "partners": "Mostly research and education buyers (73.6% of Jan-Sep 2025 humanoid revenue, company); overseas sales 43.65% of 2025 revenue.", "website": "https://www.unitree.com", "sources": [ "hs-5adc5b5aac", "hs-5bc87d090d", "hs-d4ff9a5d06", "hs-fc19fa651b", "hs-9d334ee993", "hs-d5102b3fc9", "hs-7b70901f52", "hs-9daae0c6d2", "hs-9a1730c896" ] }, { "id": "universidad-carlos-iii-de-madrid", "name": "Universidad Carlos III de Madrid", "country": "Spain", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in Spain.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "university-of-bonn", "name": "University of Bonn, Autonomous Intelligent Systems group (Team NimbRo)", "country": "Germany", "type": "University lab", "founded": null, "hq": "Bonn, Germany", "summary": "Sven Behnke's AIS group builds open-source 3D-printed humanoids (NimbRo-OP2, OP2X) and won the RoboCup AdultSize soccer title in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2022 and 2023.", "focus": "Humanoid soccer robots, perception, mobile manipulation", "funding": null, "partners": "igus GmbH (3D printing)", "website": "https://www.ais.uni-bonn.de/", "sources": [ "hs-1ed2ea4ebd", "hs-e4ea3b28c9" ] }, { "id": "university-of-freiburg", "name": "University of Freiburg and University of Bonn", "country": "Germany", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in Germany.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "university-of-hertfordshire", "name": "University of Hertfordshire", "country": "United Kingdom", "type": "University lab", "founded": "1952", "hq": "Hatfield, United Kingdom", "summary": "A public research university in Hatfield, England, which grew from Hatfield Technical College and gained university status in 1992. Its Adaptive Systems Research Group created Kaspar, a child-sized social robot used since 2005 in therapy and play with autistic children.", "focus": "Social and assistive robots for autism therapy (Kaspar)", "funding": "Public university; the Kaspar project received a 180,000-pound donation in 2012", "partners": null, "website": "https://www.herts.ac.uk", "sources": [ "hs-196e1118b4" ] }, { "id": "university-of-queensland-mobile-laboratory", "name": "University of Queensland Mobile Robotics Laboratory", "country": "Australia", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in Australia.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "university-of-science", "name": "University of Science and Technology of China (USTC)", "country": "China", "type": "University lab", "founded": null, "hq": "Hefei, China", "summary": "USTC is a university in Hefei whose robotics team led by Chen Xiaoping built the Jia Jia android over about three years. The team presented Jia Jia in 2016 as a research robot.", "focus": "Service robots and lifelike androids with conversational AI (Chen Xiaoping's team)", "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-1a2b568be4" ] }, { "id": "university-of-shanghai", "name": "University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (USST)", "country": "China", "type": "University lab", "founded": null, "hq": "Shanghai, China", "summary": "Shanghai university whose Institute of Machine Intelligence, led by Li Qingdu, built Xueba 01 with DroidUp and trains it alongside the Shanghai Theatre Academy.", "focus": "Machine intelligence, humanoid robotics, robot performance research.", "funding": null, "partners": "DroidUp, Shanghai Theatre Academy", "website": "https://www.usst.edu.cn", "sources": [ "hs-97c529a67c" ] }, { "id": "university-of-tehran", "name": "University of Tehran (Center for Advanced Systems and Technologies, formerly Center for Advanced Vehicles)", "country": "Iran", "type": "University lab", "founded": "1934", "hq": "Tehran, Iran", "summary": "Iran's oldest modern university, whose Center for Advanced Vehicles (later CAST) builds the Surena series of humanoids. The line ran from the 8-DoF Surena I (2008) to the 43-DoF Surena IV (2019).", "focus": "Full-size bipedal humanoids (Surena series) for walking, balance and human interaction research", "funding": "Iranian public bodies: R&D Society of Iranian Industries and Mines (Surena I), IDRO (Surena III), Presidential Deputy for Science and Technology (Surena IV)", "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-bbbbef8dd3" ] }, { "id": "university-of-texas-at-austin", "name": "University of Texas at Austin and Meka Robotics", "country": "United States", "type": "University lab", "founded": "1883", "hq": "Austin, United States", "summary": "The Human Centered Robotics Lab at UT Austin's Cockrell School of Engineering, with Luis Sentis as principal investigator, works on compliant humanoids, whole-body control and dexterous manipulation. It built Dreamer and the HUME biped with Meka Robotics, and later spun off the humanoid company Apptronik.", "focus": "compliant humanoids and whole-body control for working safely near people", "funding": "public university (UT Austin research spending $1.06 billion in fiscal 2023)", "partners": "Meka Robotics (Dreamer, HUME), Apptronik (lab spin-off; actuators and DRACO biped), Sony (ARISTO hand)", "website": "https://sites.utexas.edu/hcrl/", "sources": [ "hs-dd3bc3f698", "hs-11599e8390", "hs-dfbc91b4ce", "hs-1ea502c2e9" ] }, { "id": "university-of-tokyo", "name": "University of Tokyo", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in Japan.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "university-of-zurich-ai-lab", "name": "University of Zurich AI Lab", "country": "Switzerland", "type": "University lab", "founded": null, "hq": "Zurich, Switzerland", "summary": "The Artificial Intelligence Laboratory in the University of Zurich's Department of Informatics, long directed by Rolf Pfeifer (retired 2014), studied embodied cognition and soft, bio-inspired robots. It built the crowdfunded, tendon-driven Roboy, which later continued as an independent project near Munich.", "focus": "embodied AI and musculoskeletal, tendon-driven robots", "funding": "public university lab; Roboy funded partly by crowdfunding and sponsors", "partners": "EU Myorobotics project, Human Brain Project, Technical University of Munich (Roboy), University of Melbourne robotics group", "website": "https://www.uzh.ch/en.html", "sources": [ "hs-a0586bca69", "hs-f55d7baa18", "hs-c08ea5c5cf", "hs-994bcb4c21" ] }, { "id": "unix-ai", "name": "UniX AI", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2024", "hq": "Suzhou, China", "summary": "Suzhou humanoid maker founded by Fred Yang, who left a Yale PhD; mass-produces wheeled dual-arm service humanoids (Wanda, Panther) and a biped (Martian).", "focus": "Wheeled service humanoids for hotels, security, retail, homes", "funding": "Not disclosed; reports orders worth hundreds of millions of yuan", "partners": null, "website": "https://www.unix-group.ai/", "sources": [ "hs-c221539ae5" ] }, { "id": "unlimited", "name": "Unlimited Robotics", "country": "Israel", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in Israel.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "us-naval-research-laboratory", "name": "US Naval Research Laboratory", "country": "United States", "type": "Government lab", "founded": "1923", "hq": "Washington, D.C., United States", "summary": "The US Navy's corporate research laboratory, now under the Office of Naval Research. Its Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence (set up 1981) used the Octavia humanoid to study human-robot teamwork, including firefighting.", "focus": "human-robot interaction, cognitive architectures, autonomy", "funding": "Government lab; about $1.1 billion a year, recovered from sponsor-funded projects (Navy Working Capital Fund).", "partners": "US Navy and Marine Corps", "website": "https://www.nrl.navy.mil/", "sources": [ "hs-129cf70b1e", "hs-a78846287d" ] }, { "id": "usc-interaction-lab", "name": "USC Interaction Lab", "country": "United States", "type": "University lab", "founded": null, "hq": "Los Angeles, California, USA", "summary": "Maja Mataric's lab at the University of Southern California, a pioneer of socially assistive robotics: robots that help through social rather than physical interaction, for autism, stroke rehabilitation and older adults. It built the Bandit platform with BlueSky Robotics.", "focus": "Socially assistive robotics", "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": "https://uscinteractionlab.web.app/", "sources": [ "hs-37a4ca1135" ] }, { "id": "vanderbilt-university-center", "name": "Vanderbilt University Center for Intelligent Systems", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in United States.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "vbot", "name": "Vbot", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in China.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "vindynamics", "name": "VinDynamics", "country": "Vietnam", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in Vietnam.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "vinmotion", "name": "VinMotion", "country": "Vietnam", "type": "Company", "founded": "2025", "hq": "Hanoi, Vietnam", "summary": "Vingroup's industrial humanoid subsidiary, led by Quan Nguyen (CMU PhD, USC faculty); makes the Motion 1 and Motion 2 bipeds.", "focus": "Industrial humanoids for light factory work", "funding": "About $39-40 million initial capital from Vingroup", "partners": "Qualcomm (Dragonwing processors)", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-1c4b1a9e77", "hs-0df6e1b656", "hs-3d09bd7f73", "hs-f7f709fa19" ] }, { "id": "vinrobotics", "name": "VinRobotics", "country": "Vietnam", "type": "Company", "founded": "2024 (November)", "hq": "Hanoi, Vietnam (offices also in Ho Chi Minh City)", "summary": "Vingroup subsidiary led by CEO Ngo Quoc Hung developing humanoid, semi-humanoid and robot-hand prototypes and in-house actuators; showed the VR-H3 at ICRA and Computex 2026.", "focus": "Industrial humanoid robots and core components", "funding": "Owned by Vingroup", "partners": "Infineon (core robotics technologies, per a company headline)", "website": "https://vinrobotics.net", "sources": [ "hs-049fc30490", "hs-1788db498d" ] }, { "id": "virginia-trec-lab", "name": "Virginia Tech TREC Lab", "country": "United States", "type": "University lab", "founded": null, "hq": "Blacksburg, United States", "summary": "Virginia Tech robotics lab, led by Alexander Leonessa and Brian Lattimer among others, that built the linearly actuated, force-controlled humanoids SAFFiR, THOR and ESCHER. It fielded Team VALOR at the 2015 DARPA Robotics Challenge Finals.", "focus": "Compliant humanoids driven by linear series elastic actuators for shipboard firefighting and disaster response", "funding": "US Office of Naval Research (SAFFiR); DARPA Robotics Challenge (Team VALOR)", "partners": "US Office of Naval Research (USS Shadwell tests, 2014)", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-a6dbb67dbb", "hs-4a82e3d45f", "hs-69091071f8", "hs-91a92a171c", "hs-b252125369" ] }, { "id": "vlai", "name": "VLAI Robotics (Guangzhou Future Power Co., Ltd., 未来动力)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2024", "hq": "Guangzhou, China", "summary": "Joint-motor maker founded by a team from HKUST (Guangzhou) that has moved into complete robots such as the K1 wheeled humanoid, claiming nearly 1,000 units shipped in a year.", "focus": "Integrated joint motors and low-cost embodied-AI robot platforms", "funding": "Angel round of several million yuan from MiraclePlus (奇绩创坛), January 2025", "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-bab7a7bdf3", "hs-110c61521c" ] }, { "id": "vstone", "name": "Vstone and ATR", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in Japan.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "w-h-richards", "name": "W. H. Richards and A. H. Reffell", "country": "United Kingdom", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Captain William H. Richards, a First World War veteran, journalist and secretary of the Society of Model Engineers, and engineer Alan H. Reffell, a motor and aircraft mechanic, built Eric, Britain's first robot, in 1928. Richards went on to build the improved touring robot George (1932) and a third robot, Robert (around 1952).", "focus": "Showpiece entertainment robots for exhibitions and touring shows", "funding": "Private individuals; Eric cost about 140 pounds sterling to build and George almost 2,000 pounds (period press)", "partners": "Society of Model Engineers (1928 exhibition); Exide battery dealers sponsored US appearances (1929)", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-c9fff69d08" ] }, { "id": "walden", "name": "Walden Robotics", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": "2026 (January, spun out of Toyota Research Institute)", "hq": "Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States", "summary": "TRI spin-out led by MIT professor Russ Tedrake that builds wheeled two-armed robots driven by Large Behavior Models, already working in a Toyota plant.", "focus": "Full-stack physical AI robots for manufacturing and logistics", "funding": "About $300M seed at a $1.1B valuation (July 2026), co-led by Toyota and Deviation Capital, with Nvidia, Boeing, Samsung, CoreWeave Ventures and others", "partners": "Toyota, Toyota Research Institute, Samsung SDS", "website": "https://www.waldenrobotics.com/", "sources": [ "hs-4442226f6c", "hs-52cc4630cb", "hs-bec3456ad1" ] }, { "id": "walt-disney-imagineering", "name": "Walt Disney Imagineering R&D (with Disney Research)", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": "1952", "hq": "Glendale, California, United States", "summary": "Walt Disney Imagineering is the Walt Disney Company's design and R&D arm that builds theme parks, attractions and Audio-Animatronics figures. With Disney Research it developed Stickman and the Stuntronics stunt-double figures.", "focus": "Animatronic figures and untethered robotic stunt performers for theme parks.", "funding": "Unit of Disney Experiences within The Walt Disney Company.", "partners": "Disney theme parks (in-house).", "website": "https://la.disneyresearch.com/", "sources": [ "hs-631dc8e3d1", "hs-6c32b47cc4", "hs-e384fbb1b5" ] }, { "id": "wandercraft", "name": "Wandercraft", "country": "France", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in France.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "waseda-university", "name": "Waseda University / JST Moonshot program", "country": "Japan", "type": "University lab", "founded": "1882", "hq": "Tokyo, Japan", "summary": "Waseda University's robotics researchers, led first by Shigeki Sugano and now Tetsuya Ogata, build the AIREC care robot under Japan's government-funded Moonshot Goal 3. The project aims at robots that help with nursing care.", "focus": "AI care robots for eldercare and nursing", "funding": "Government research funding through the JST Moonshot programme (amount not stated).", "partners": "National Communication Museum, Melbourne (WABOT-2 loan); Expo '85 Tsukuba (WABOT-2 exhibit).", "website": "https://www.jst.go.jp/moonshot/en/program/goal3/", "sources": [ "hs-36adac847b", "hs-f391627e62", "hs-c7435780bc", "hs-e83def6164", "hs-66729fd020" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/waseda-university.png", "author": "Waseda University", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waseda_University_Logo.png", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Waseda_University_Logo.png", "article": "File:Waseda University Logo.png" } }, { "id": "weave", "name": "Weave Robotics", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in United States.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "westinghouse", "name": "Westinghouse Electric Corporation", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": "1886", "hq": "Pittsburgh, United States", "summary": "Defunct American electrical-equipment giant founded by George Westinghouse, which built the Elektro robot at its Mansfield, Ohio plant for the 1939 New York World's Fair. It renamed itself CBS Corporation in 1997 and merged with Viacom in 2000; its nuclear arm survives separately as Westinghouse Electric Company.", "focus": "Electrical equipment and appliances; Elektro was a promotional showpiece", "funding": "Defunct (became CBS Corporation, 1997)", "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-864d5a9d09", "hs-bae0671d3b", "hs-f714527a80" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/westinghouse.png", "author": "Paul Rand", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Westinghouse_logo_paulrand1959.png", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Westinghouse_logo_paulrand1959.png", "article": "Westinghouse Electric Corporation" } }, { "id": "westwood", "name": "Westwood Robotics", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": "2018", "hq": "California, United States", "summary": "Spin-off founded in 2018 by former core members of UCLA's RoMeLa lab, led by founder and CEO Xiaoguang Zhang; it makes BEAR proprioceptive actuators, the kid-size BRUCE research humanoid and the full-size THEMIS.", "focus": "Actuators, research humanoids (BRUCE) and general-purpose humanoids (THEMIS)", "funding": null, "partners": "UCLA RoMeLa", "website": "https://www.westwoodrobotics.io", "sources": [ "hs-0035f07010", "hs-d720666044", "hs-a4e588190e" ] }, { "id": "willow-garage", "name": "Willow Garage", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": "2006", "hq": "Menlo Park, United States", "summary": "Willow Garage was a robotics research lab and incubator founded by Scott Hassan that built the PR2 and created the open-source ROS software. It shut down in early 2014, with PR2 support moving to Clearpath Robotics.", "focus": "Personal robotics research and open-source robot software (ROS, OpenCV, PCL)", "funding": "Privately funded by founder Scott Hassan (amount not published); closed 2014", "partners": "11 PR2 beta research teams (2010); Clearpath Robotics (PR2 support after 2014); spin-offs Suitable Technologies, Industrial Perception and Open Robotics", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-61675bbcd7" ] }, { "id": "wirobotics", "name": "WIRobotics", "country": "South Korea", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in South Korea.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "workfar", "name": "WorkFar", "country": "United States", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "US company that makes the Syntro wheeled humanoid, built in Louisville, Kentucky, and leases remotely operated human-robot teams to logistics and manufacturing firms.", "focus": "Teleoperated humanoids with shared autonomy; robot leasing", "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": "https://www.workfar.com", "sources": [ "hs-a844b298e1", "hs-13a75760e1" ] }, { "id": "wroclaw-university-of", "name": "Wroclaw University of Technology", "country": "Poland", "type": "University lab", "founded": "1945", "hq": "Wrocław, Poland", "summary": "Wrocław University of Science and Technology (formerly Wroclaw University of Technology) is a Polish public technical university. A team led by Jan Kędzierski built the FLASH social robot and its EMYS expressive head within the EU LIREC companion-robot project.", "focus": "social and companion robots with expressive faces", "funding": "public university; FLASH/EMYS work was part of the EU-funded LIREC project", "partners": "LIREC project partners; EMYS Inc. (founded 2018 by Kędzierski to sell EMYS as an educational robot)", "website": "https://pwr.edu.pl/en/", "sources": [ "hs-2806bdf936" ] }, { "id": "x-square", "name": "X Square Robot", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2023", "hq": "Nanshan District, Shenzhen, China", "summary": "Embodied-AI startup founded in December 2023 by CEO Wang Qian that builds its own models (WALL-A, WALL-B), hardware and data tools, and sells the Quanta X1 Pro and X2 wheeled robots and the ArtiXon hand.", "focus": "End-to-end embodied foundation models, wheeled dual-arm robots, dexterous hands, data-collection kits.", "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": "https://x2robot.com", "sources": [ "hs-bcebbbf2a0", "hs-12454ba2f2" ] }, { "id": "xiaomi", "name": "Xiaomi", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2010", "hq": "Beijing, China", "summary": "Beijing phone, appliance and EV maker founded by Lei Jun. After the 2022 CyberOne prototype, it now trains humanoids in its own EV factory.", "focus": "consumer electronics and EVs, with humanoids for its factories", "funding": "Public company (HKEX 1810).", "partners": "Xiaomi EV plant (internal).", "website": "https://www.mi.com", "sources": [ "hs-41e77dcb61", "hs-acb79d0ac1", "hs-3bfda0aa2f" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/xiaomi.png", "author": "Xiaomi", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Xiaomi_logo_(2021-).svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Xiaomi_logo_(2021-).svg", "article": "Xiaomi" } }, { "id": "xpeng", "name": "XPeng", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": "2014", "hq": "Guangzhou, China", "summary": "Guangzhou electric-car maker founded by He Xiaopeng that also develops flying cars and the IRON humanoid. In 2026 it spun its robotics business into a unit called Dogotix.", "focus": "smart EVs, with humanoid robots for its stores, factories and later retail sale", "funding": "Public company (NYSE: XPEV; HKEX: 9868). Robotics unit Dogotix: about $900 million committed at about $6.3 billion post-money (Aug 2026), IDG lead with Tencent and Alibaba.", "partners": "Baosteel (IRON inspection trials); Volkswagen holds 4.99% of XPeng.", "website": "https://www.xpeng.com", "sources": [ "hs-ed485c2994", "hs-c7caa601da", "hs-0d5ad21cce", "hs-62490f9f6f", "hs-bccd5ea17c" ], "logo": { "src": "/img/makers/xpeng.png", "author": "XPeng Motor", "license": "Public domain", "licenseUrl": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:XPeng_logo.svg", "page": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:XPeng_logo.svg", "article": "File:XPeng logo.svg" } }, { "id": "yaskawa", "name": "Yaskawa Electric", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Kitakyushu, Japan", "summary": "Japanese maker of servo motors, drives and MOTOMAN industrial robots, which built the SmartPal service robots and made humanoid maker Tokyo Robotics a wholly owned subsidiary from 1 July 2025 (as reported by MONOist). It works with SoftBank on physical AI.", "focus": "Industrial robots, motion control, service robots, physical AI", "funding": null, "partners": "SoftBank Corp.; Tokyo Robotics (subsidiary)", "website": "https://www.yaskawa-global.com/", "sources": [ "hs-98e86d71e1", "hs-da353fb347", "hs-d704ae3116" ] }, { "id": "yuequan-bionics", "name": "Yuequan Bionics", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in China.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "zeals", "name": "ZEALS Co., Ltd. (Omakase Robotics division)", "country": "Japan", "type": "Company", "founded": "2014", "hq": "Tokyo, Japan", "summary": "Conversational-AI company led by CEO Masahiro Shimizu that set up the Omakase Robotics division in November 2025 and launched the D1 semi-humanoid for hospitals and care homes.", "focus": "Conversational AI (Omakase.ai) and service robots for care settings", "funding": null, "partners": "Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance, JA Mitsui Leasing, Mitsubishi HC Capital, Mizuho Leasing, CUC, Sakura Juji Group, GMO AIR, Timee", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-8f400ed640" ] }, { "id": "zerith", "name": "Zerith (Hefei Zerith Robotics)", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "Hefei, Anhui, China", "summary": "Hefei company building the Zerith H1 wheeled humanoid, Zerith V action models and a data platform, with retail robot shops and instant-retail warehouses.", "focus": "Wheeled humanoids for retail and data collection", "funding": null, "partners": "SenseTime Shanghui (robot shop), Huawei Cloud ecosystem", "website": "https://www.zerith.com/", "sources": [ "hs-ab976df9ee", "hs-4f96571202" ] }, { "id": "zeroth", "name": "Zeroth Robotics", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": "China", "summary": "Consumer and commercial robot maker that exited stealth at CES 2026 with five robots led by the small M1 home humanoid ($2,899 pre-order) and a licensed WALL-E companion.", "focus": "Home humanoids, wheeled assistants, quadrupeds", "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": "https://www.zeroth0.com/", "sources": [ "hs-d1de1463d2" ] }, { "id": "zhejiang-humanoid-innovation-center", "name": "Zhejiang Humanoid Robot Innovation Center", "country": "China", "type": "Government lab", "founded": null, "hq": "Ningbo, Zhejiang, China", "summary": "Ningbo-based innovation centre linked to the provincial government and Zhejiang University that develops the NAVIAI humanoids, including the i3 security biped and a planned wheeled WA2 for home and commercial service.", "focus": "Biped and wheeled humanoids for security, inspection and household services.", "funding": "Supcon and Ningbo Yunyi invested nearly RMB 15 million in January 2024 and planned over RMB 350 million more in August 2024; valuation above RMB 1.8 billion after that round", "partners": "Zhejiang University, Supcon (Zhongkong Technology)", "website": null, "sources": [ "hs-24a148b9b6", "hs-466223d8ab", "hs-66d8cf5605" ] }, { "id": "zhejiang-university", "name": "Zhejiang University", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in China.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] }, { "id": "zte", "name": "ZTE Corporation", "country": "China", "type": "Company", "founded": null, "hq": null, "summary": "Maker of humanoid robots based in China.", "focus": null, "funding": null, "partners": null, "website": null, "sources": [] } ], "sources": [ { "id": "hs-b550e66d69", "title": "Astribot completes Series B of over 1 billion yuan; Shenzhen adds another 10-billion-yuan embodied AI company", "publisher": "10jqka", "url": "https://news.10jqka.com.cn/20260603/c677179930.shtml" }, { "id": "hs-a32e7ae011", "title": "Repost of Fourier's WAIC 2026 release (GRW, GR-3, GR Mini, GR Nano)", "publisher": "10jqka (AI观察)", "url": "https://stock.10jqka.com.cn/20260717/c678258365.shtml" }, { "id": "hs-75ddb7e064", "title": "1X Series A2 funding announcement", "publisher": "1X Technologies", "url": "https://www.1x.tech/discover/1x-rasies-23-5m-in-series-a2-funding-led-by-open-ai" }, { "id": "hs-5de7060efb", "title": "Collaboration between Everon and 1X", "publisher": "1X Technologies", "url": "https://1x.tech/androids" }, { "id": "hs-15c5405ce4", "title": "1X unveils NEO Beta, a humanoid robot for the home", "publisher": "1X Technologies", "url": "https://1x.tech/discover/announcement-1x-unveils-neo-beta-a-humanoid-robot-for-the-home" }, { "id": "hs-a138a9ca88", "title": "Introducing NEO Gamma", "publisher": "1X Technologies", "url": "https://www.1x.tech/discover/introducing-neo-gamma" }, { "id": "hs-c37ed8f274", "title": "NEO", "publisher": "1X Technologies", "url": "https://www.1x.tech/neo" }, { "id": "hs-b9799f29b6", "title": "1X raises $23.5M in Series A2 funding led by OpenAI", "publisher": "1X Technologies", "url": "https://1x.tech/discover/1x-rasies-23-5m-in-series-a2-funding-led-by-open-ai" }, { "id": "hs-a6a6945945", "title": "Series B: 1X Secures $100M Funding", "publisher": "1X Technologies", "url": "https://www.1x.tech/discover/1x-secures-100m-in-series-b-funding" }, { "id": "hs-ea4adb9627", "title": "1X acquires Kind Humanoid", "publisher": "1X Technologies", "url": "https://www.1x.tech/discover/1x-acquires-kind-humanoid" }, { "id": "hs-976479cd90", "title": "Discover (newsroom)", "publisher": "1X Technologies", "url": "https://www.1x.tech/discover" }, { "id": "hs-d67432039c", "title": "About 1X", "publisher": "1X Technologies", "url": "https://www.1x.tech/about" }, { "id": "hs-996bf21cb4", "title": "AI2 Robotics releases new-generation robot AlphaBot 2 and announces own production line", "publisher": "36Kr", "url": "https://www.36kr.com/p/3255090975272967" }, { "id": "hs-6c0ba7a867", "title": "Yuequan Bionics completes Pre-A+ round", "publisher": "36Kr", "url": "https://eu.36kr.com/en/p/3899174356387718" }, { "id": "hs-64ca7c4e64", "title": "Tianlian Robot shares rise after WAIC", "publisher": "36Kr", "url": "https://eu.36kr.com/zh/p/3402501476419717" }, { "id": "hs-6823615053", "title": "PaXini Tech TORA-ONE coverage", "publisher": "36Kr", "url": "https://eu.36kr.com/en/p/3006232413757953" }, { "id": "hs-dc856eeed0", "title": "Dobot LUMO launch", "publisher": "36Kr", "url": "https://eu.36kr.com/en/p/3927688512485509" }, { "id": "hs-e5f9720519", "title": "Booster Robotics raises over 2 billion yen; K1 orders pass 1,000 units", "publisher": "36Kr Japan", "url": "https://36kr.jp/447223/" }, { "id": "hs-3c40a637a4", "title": "2022 AI Day: if you understand this, please submit your resume", "publisher": "42HOW", "url": "https://en.42how.com/2022/10/09/2022-ai-day-if-you-understand-this-please-submit-your-resume/" }, { "id": "hs-1319fa6ca7", "title": "Robots with a human touch", "publisher": "A*STAR Research", "url": "https://research.a-star.edu.sg/articles/features/robots-with-a-human-touch/" }, { "id": "hs-e0464d9412", "title": "UBTECH Humanoid Robot Walker S2 Begins Mass Production and Delivery, with Orders Exceeding 800 Million Yuan", "publisher": "AAP / PR Newswire", "url": "https://www.aap.com.au/aapreleases/cision20251117ae25955/" }, { "id": "hs-d07a13c0a8", "title": "AGIBOT Reaches 10,000 Units as Real-World Demand for Robots Accelerates", "publisher": "AAP / PR Newswire", "url": "https://www.aap.com.au/aapreleases/cision20260330ae21903/" }, { "id": "hs-23f4cbe61c", "title": "Aging Japan turns to AI robots to care for older people", "publisher": "ABS-CBN / Reuters", "url": "https://abs-cbn.com/news/world/2025/2/28/aging-japan-turns-to-ai-robots-to-care-for-older-people-1336" }, { "id": "hs-1f492de839", "title": "Iran unveils human-like robot: report", "publisher": "AFP / Phys.org", "url": "https://phys.org/news/2010-07-iran-unveils-human-like-robot.html" }, { "id": "hs-f81bc2a860", "title": "About AGIBOT", "publisher": "AGIBOT", "url": "https://store.agibot.com/pages/about-us" }, { "id": "hs-d022527654", "title": "Humanoid robot maker raises $123M in new funding", "publisher": "AI Business", "url": "https://aibusiness.com/robotics/humanoid-robot-maker-raises-123m-in-new-funding" }, { "id": "hs-458cea9acc", "title": "Semi-Humanoid AI Service Robot Unveiled for Commercial Businesses", "publisher": "AI Business", "url": "https://aibusiness.com/robotics/semi-humanoid-ai-service-robot-unveiled-for-commercial-businesses" }, { "id": "hs-36b197df98", "title": "Your personal open-source humanoid robot for $8,999", "publisher": "AI Engineer", "url": "https://www.ai.engineer/orgs/k-scale-labs" }, { "id": "hs-68a61ef3f9", "title": "Can a robot nurse bring us closer to the original AI dream?", "publisher": "AI Magazine", "url": "https://aimagazine.com/technology/can-a-robot-nurse-bring-us-closer-to-the-original-ai-dream" }, { "id": "hs-182802838d", "title": "DealStreetAsia reports Sharpa raises about $669 million and opens autonomous robot restaurant", "publisher": "AI Understanding", "url": "https://aiunderstanding.org/news/dealstreetasia-reports-sharpa-raises-about-669-million-and-opens-autonomous-robot-2026-08-31" }, { "id": "hs-bf806eb197", "title": "Apollo 2", "publisher": "AI Wiki", "url": "https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/apollo_2" }, { "id": "hs-c3dc31d14f", "title": "K-Scale K-Bot", "publisher": "AI Wiki", "url": "https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/k_scale_k_bot" }, { "id": "hs-fa596126ec", "title": "Dexmate Vega", "publisher": "AI Wiki", "url": "https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/dexmate_vega" }, { "id": "hs-c99122cd03", "title": "Noetix Robotics N2", "publisher": "AI Wiki", "url": "https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/noetix_robotics_n2" }, { "id": "hs-bbc8247777", "title": "Sharpa North", "publisher": "AI Wiki", "url": "https://aiwiki.ai/wiki/sharpa_north" }, { "id": "hs-bc731b9b27", "title": "About AI2 Robotics", "publisher": "AI2 Robotics", "url": "https://ai2robotics.com/about/" }, { "id": "hs-6fe3079029", "title": "AI2 Robotics news", "publisher": "AI2 Robotics", "url": "https://ai2robotics.com/news/" }, { "id": "hs-e61a31297d", "title": "AIDOL — universal robotic platform", "publisher": "AIDOL", "url": "https://aidoltech.ru/en" }, { "id": "hs-da3a81c071", "title": "AIDOL", "publisher": "AIDOL", "url": "https://aidoltech.ru/" }, { "id": "hs-11de9d8a90", "title": "HRP-2 prototype announcement (19 Sep 2002)", "publisher": "AIST", "url": "https://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/list/latest_research/2002/20020919/20020919.html" }, { "id": "hs-c266317fd1", "title": "Development of HRP-3 Promet Mk-II for work in real environments", "publisher": "AIST", "url": "https://www.aist.go.jp/aist_j/press_release/pr2007/pr20070621/pr20070621.html" }, { "id": "hs-3d80fb0b6e", "title": "HRP-4C development (AIST)", "publisher": "AIST", "url": "https://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/list/latest_research/2009/20090513/20090513.html" }, { "id": "hs-6b9eebf988", "title": "HRP-4 announcement", "publisher": "AIST", "url": "https://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/list/latest_research/2010/20101108/20101108.html" }, { "id": "hs-3a3f7abeb9", "title": "Development of a humanoid robot prototype, HRP-5P, capable of heavy labor", "publisher": "AIST", "url": "https://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/list/latest_research/2018/20181116/en20181116.html" }, { "id": "hs-e1aa2f2916", "title": "UBTech unveils Walker C1 service humanoid in Beijing (relaying Tech in Asia)", "publisher": "AIToolly", "url": "https://aitoolly.com/zh/ai-news/article/2026-06-23-ubtech-unveils-walker-c1-service-humanoid-in-beijing-a-new-milestone-in-robotic-mobility-and-design" }, { "id": "hs-7d0560affd", "title": "Fourier Intelligence officially launches N1", "publisher": "AIbase", "url": "https://www.aibase.com/news/17071" }, { "id": "hs-ec42efd145", "title": "AI² Robotics company site", "publisher": "AI² Robotics", "url": "https://www.ai2robotics.com/" }, { "id": "hs-e8abee2f60", "title": "AKINCI-5, the first humanoid robot from Türkiye's first humanoid robot factory", "publisher": "AKINROBOTICS (YouTube)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pQa0B5OS4jI" }, { "id": "hs-e7ae639ff6", "title": "IIT celebrates 20th anniversary with worker-friendly robot", "publisher": "ANSA", "url": "https://www.ansa.it/amp/canale_scienza/news/2023/10/03/iit-celebrates-20th-anniversary-with-worker-friendly-robot_cb3f1698-dd62-417f-a5fb-8bc0da45e7ec.html" }, { "id": "hs-327b26c59e", "title": "IIT develops humanoid robot", "publisher": "ANSA", "url": "https://www.ansa.it/english/news/science_tecnology/2016/07/19/iit-develops-humanoid-robot_00fed30a-fff8-4dc1-b88a-0a48ea9defbd.html" }, { "id": "hs-f21ea4025d", "title": "ugo and ugo Platform fully renewed; new ¥98,000-a-month model 'ugo Ex' announced", "publisher": "ASCII STARTUP", "url": "https://ascii.jp/elem/000/004/075/4075139/" }, { "id": "hs-5ff0cf2e48", "title": "Sony discontinues new QRIO development", "publisher": "ASCII.jp", "url": "https://ascii.jp/elem/000/000/351/351614/" }, { "id": "hs-1205f3ff9a", "title": "ATOM HUMANOID company site", "publisher": "ATOM HUMANOID", "url": "https://atom-humanoid.com/" }, { "id": "hs-df9d6a1291", "title": "ATR home page", "publisher": "ATR", "url": "https://www.atr.jp/index_e.html" }, { "id": "hs-b519170b42", "title": "Turkish Researchers Develop SURALP Humanoid", "publisher": "AZoRobotics", "url": "https://www.azorobotics.com/News.aspx?newsID=229" }, { "id": "hs-3c63260221", "title": "Geminoid | DK", "publisher": "Aalborg University", "url": "https://vbn.aau.dk/en/projects/geminoid-dk/" }, { "id": "hs-9a8e123592", "title": "Reliance acquires 54% stake in Addverb Technologies for $132 million", "publisher": "Addverb", "url": "https://addverb.com/press-release/reliance-acquires-54-stake-in-addverb-technologies-for-132-million/" }, { "id": "hs-f62eb63170", "title": "CB: a humanoid research platform for exploring neuroscience", "publisher": "Advanced Robotics / Robotics Society of Japan (author copy hosted by Jožef Stefan Institute)", "url": "https://hcr.ijs.si/resources/papers/ar07b.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-5d0b5477f2", "title": "Africa's first humanoid robot Omeife unveiled at GITEX", "publisher": "Africa.com", "url": "https://africa.com/africas-first-humanoid-robot-omeife-unveiled-at-gitex/" }, { "id": "hs-db43e59ca4", "title": "AGIBOT RAISE A1", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.agibot.com/products/A1" }, { "id": "hs-3dba43fcc9", "title": "AGIBOT RAISE A1", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.agibot.com/product/162.html" }, { "id": "hs-40ec455f7f", "title": "AgiBot 2024 product launch: Lingxi X1", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://agibot.com/jp/article/188/detail/27.html" }, { "id": "hs-09d3ccd606", "title": "AGIBOT A2-W", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.agibot.com/products/A2_W" }, { "id": "hs-0263a760a8", "title": "AGIBOT A2 Ultra (banner caption)", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.agibot.com/products/A2_Ultra" }, { "id": "hs-8a22af0217", "title": "AGIBOT G2", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.agibot.com/products/G2" }, { "id": "hs-b4ae57b5a2", "title": "Comprehensive Performance Upgrade: AGIBOT G2 will Fully Integrate NVIDIA Jetson Thor", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.agibot.com/article/231/detail/28.html" }, { "id": "hs-450fe037bb", "title": "AGIBOT Unveils Four New Products at WAIC 2026", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.agibot.com/article/231/detail/85.html" }, { "id": "hs-b919550e3b", "title": "AGIBOT A3", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.agibot.com/products/A3" }, { "id": "hs-85e6f82581", "title": "AGIBOT Makes Its U.S. Market Debut at CES 2026 with Its Full Humanoid Robot Portfolio", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.agibot.com/article/231/detail/30.html" }, { "id": "hs-34ced90db2", "title": "AGIBOT Unveils New Generation of Embodied AI Robots and Models", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.agibot.com/article/231/detail/63.html" }, { "id": "hs-fb390ee310", "title": "AGIBOT G1 product page", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.agibot.com/products/G1" }, { "id": "hs-d9fecf1684", "title": "AGIBOT A2 product page", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.agibot.com/products/A2" }, { "id": "hs-50a6da1c1c", "title": "IDC data shows AGIBOT led global humanoid robot shipments in H1 2026", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.AGIBOT.com/article/231/detail/125.html" }, { "id": "hs-a969a0a96e", "title": "AGIBOT X2 product page", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.agibot.com/products/X2" }, { "id": "hs-01de3f87a4", "title": "AGIBOT and ASD deploy 100 X2 humanoid robots across 100 retail stores", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.AGIBOT.com/article/231/detail/124.html" }, { "id": "hs-97c934af66", "title": "AGIBOT opens Hong Kong office in Causeway Bay", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.AGIBOT.com/article/231/detail/127.html" }, { "id": "hs-e7c19a4d60", "title": "AGIBOT A2-Max", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.agibot.com/products/A2_Max" }, { "id": "hs-cda1e5759f", "title": "G2 user guide", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.agibot.com.cn/filepage/362.html" }, { "id": "hs-2fa942fd62", "title": "AgiBot home page", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.agibot.com/" }, { "id": "hs-145f50cbbe", "title": "Omdia Ranks AGIBOT No.1 Worldwide in Humanoid Robot Shipments in 2025", "publisher": "AgiBot", "url": "https://www.agibot.com/article/231/detail/33.html" }, { "id": "hs-8657419b80", "title": "Agibot introduces industrial-grade G2", "publisher": "AgiBot (via PR Newswire)", "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/agibot-unveils-next-gen-industrial-grade-interactive-embodied-robot-agibot-g2-302586152.html" }, { "id": "hs-89478b4649", "title": "Agile Robots launches humanoid robot for industry: Agile ONE", "publisher": "Agile Robots", "url": "https://www.agile-robots.com/en/news/detail/agile-robots-launches-humanoid-robot-for-industry-agile-one/" }, { "id": "hs-b6a97f6dc6", "title": "Agile ONE", "publisher": "Agile Robots SE", "url": "https://www.agile-robots.com/en/products/agile-one/" }, { "id": "hs-e8fd7d890a", "title": "Agility Robotics Introduces Cassie", "publisher": "Agility Robotics", "url": "https://agilityrobotics.com/content/2017/agility-robotics-introduces-cassie-a-dynamic-and-talented-robot-delivery-ostrich-nfxym-bjn8y-ake95" }, { "id": "hs-e4fe548dfa", "title": "Meet Digit: The Newest Robot From Agility Robotics", "publisher": "Agility Robotics", "url": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com/content/meet-digit-the-newest-robot-from-agility-robotics" }, { "id": "hs-136b91fd30", "title": "Agility launches the next generation of Digit for logistics", "publisher": "Agility Robotics", "url": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com/content/agility-robotics-launches-next-generation-of-digit-worlds-first-human-centric-multi-purpose-robot-made-for-logistics-work" }, { "id": "hs-60bf4bcb7c", "title": "Digit solution page", "publisher": "Agility Robotics", "url": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com/solution" }, { "id": "hs-a601135ac6", "title": "Agility Robotics Broadens Relationship with Amazon", "publisher": "Agility Robotics", "url": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com/content/agility-robotics-broadens-relationship-with-amazon" }, { "id": "hs-8ace06859b", "title": "Agility: Industrial Humanoid Automation", "publisher": "Agility Robotics", "url": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com/" }, { "id": "hs-b1fddb7f04", "title": "About", "publisher": "Agility Robotics", "url": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com/about" }, { "id": "hs-2fd1dc5e7e", "title": "Digit moves over 100,000 totes in commercial deployment", "publisher": "Agility Robotics", "url": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com/content/digit-moves-over-100k-totes" }, { "id": "hs-cd7af3bad3", "title": "Content / press", "publisher": "Agility Robotics", "url": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com/content" }, { "id": "hs-f7827b4102", "title": "Company | Agility", "publisher": "Agility Robotics", "url": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com/company-overview" }, { "id": "hs-f7b490ac9b", "title": "Digit 5", "publisher": "Agility Robotics", "url": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com/solutions/digit-5" }, { "id": "hs-ca2fd0f691", "title": "Agility and FORT Robotics announce strategic partnership to advance humanoid robot safety", "publisher": "Agility Robotics", "url": "https://www.agilityrobotics.com/content/agility-and-fort-robotics-announce-strategic-partnership-to-advance-humanoid-robot-safety" }, { "id": "hs-89dade7e16", "title": "Ai-Da Robot: Biography", "publisher": "Ai-Da Robot Project", "url": "https://www.ai-darobot.com/biography" }, { "id": "hs-dead50dacc", "title": "'Let's go': Russia launches humanoid robot Fedor into space", "publisher": "Al Jazeera", "url": "https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/8/22/lets-go-russia-launches-humanoid-robot-fedor-into-space" }, { "id": "hs-9509df8f7a", "title": "NAO6 Datasheet — version 10/2024", "publisher": "Aldebaran (manufacturer datasheet hosted by RobotShop)", "url": "https://cdn.robotshop.com/media/A/Ald/RB-Ald-18/pdf/nao-6-humanoid-robot-datasheet.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-f5f1e1de68", "title": "The NAO humanoid: a combination of performance and affordability", "publisher": "Aldebaran Robotics researchers / arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/0807.3223" }, { "id": "hs-767368d4d2", "title": "OpenAI-backed startup beats Tesla with AI-enabled humanoid robots", "publisher": "Analytics Vidhya", "url": "https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2023/05/openai-backed-startup-beats-tesla-with-ai-enabled-humanoid-robots/" }, { "id": "hs-618a8a81d7", "title": "Magna teams up with Sanctuary AI", "publisher": "Analytics Vidhya", "url": "https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2024/04/magna-teams-up-with-sanctuary-ai-to-introduce-humanoid-robots-into-manufacturing/" }, { "id": "hs-ab482bfc5d", "title": "Top 10 Made-in-India AI Products Shown at AI Impact Expo 2026", "publisher": "Analytics Vidhya", "url": "https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2026/02/top-made-in-india-ai-products-at-ai-impact-expo/" }, { "id": "hs-8c1f6032d6", "title": "Meet Abi", "publisher": "Andromeda Robotics", "url": "https://www.andromedarobotics.ai/product" }, { "id": "hs-e54a5e07a4", "title": "News", "publisher": "Andromeda Robotics", "url": "https://www.andromedarobotics.ai/news" }, { "id": "hs-b3b98f43a8", "title": "Series A funding news", "publisher": "Andromeda Robotics", "url": "https://www.andromedarobotics.ai/post/series-a-funding-news-fuel-for-our-zero-loneliness-vision" }, { "id": "hs-bceeb64488", "title": "Our work", "publisher": "Apptronik", "url": "https://apptronik.com/our-work" }, { "id": "hs-7773d8b063", "title": "Apptronik closes over $935 million Series A", "publisher": "Apptronik", "url": "https://apptronik.com/news-collection/apptronik-closes-over-935-million-series-a" }, { "id": "hs-a269e70c28", "title": "Apptronik home page", "publisher": "Apptronik", "url": "https://apptronik.com/" }, { "id": "hs-8f644b25b2", "title": "Saudi push gathers pace as global humanoid robot sales total 7,000", "publisher": "Arab News", "url": "https://www.arabnews.com/saudi-arabia/saudi-push-gathers-pace-as-global-humanoid-robot-sales-total-7000-3002545" }, { "id": "hs-0b19bfc26f", "title": "After outrunning Usain Bolt, China's robot champion races towards real-world work (Reuters)", "publisher": "Arab News Pakistan", "url": "https://www.arabnews.pk/world/after-outrunning-usain-bolt-chinas-robot-champion-races-towards-real-world-work-3000810" }, { "id": "hs-8f149a3953", "title": "Featurefirst: BigDog, now PETMAN", "publisher": "Army Technology", "url": "https://www.army-technology.com/features/featurefirst-bigdog-now-petman/" }, { "id": "hs-29d451f828", "title": "PETMAN Humanoid Robot", "publisher": "Army Technology", "url": "https://www.army-technology.com/projects/petman/" }, { "id": "hs-431b166662", "title": "Robovie: Communication technologies for a social robot", "publisher": "Artificial Life and Robotics (Springer), 2002", "url": "https://link.springer.com/doi/10.1007/BF02481212" }, { "id": "hs-6a09bc8b64", "title": "Holiday Robotics Receives Record 150 Billion Won Early Investment", "publisher": "Asia Economy", "url": "https://view.asiae.co.kr/en/article/2026071308232582681" }, { "id": "hs-b2bb397068", "title": "Nadine & EDGAR, The Friendliest Robots You'll Ever Meet (7 Jan 2016)", "publisher": "Asian Scientist", "url": "https://www.asianscientist.com/2016/01/tech/nadine-edgar-friendliest-robots-meet/" }, { "id": "hs-232c524086", "title": "First humanoid robotics factory opens in Turkey", "publisher": "Assembly Magazine", "url": "https://assemblymag.com/articles/94035-first-humanoid-robotics-factory-opens-in-turkey" }, { "id": "hs-f2e97ffcc2", "title": "Start-up aims to make humanoid robots for military", "publisher": "Assembly Magazine", "url": "https://www.assemblymag.com/articles/99717-start-up-aims-to-make-humanoid-robots-for-military" }, { "id": "hs-0e2fdcc2a1", "title": "Lifelike robots made in Hong Kong meant to win over humans", "publisher": "Associated Press", "url": "https://apimagesblog.com/blog/2018/1/16/lifelike-robots-made-in-hong-kong-meant-to-win-over-humans" }, { "id": "hs-8726ff0761", "title": "Lifelike boy robot may mark start of social 'bots", "publisher": "Associated Press via NBC News", "url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna20748776" }, { "id": "hs-d20e21cb0f", "title": "Astribot homepage", "publisher": "Astribot", "url": "https://www.astribot.com/" }, { "id": "hs-adc148c9b9", "title": "AutoLife S3", "publisher": "AutoLife Robotics", "url": "https://autolife.ai/en/products" }, { "id": "hs-2805e0b52d", "title": "2026 XAIR Expo: PGD World Model preview and S3 demo", "publisher": "AutoLife Robotics", "url": "https://autolife.ai/news/xair-2026-pgd-world-model" }, { "id": "hs-9855433a94", "title": "About AutoLife Robotics", "publisher": "AutoLife Robotics", "url": "https://autolife.ai/en/about" }, { "id": "hs-3581ed2914", "title": "Humanoid's Alpha robot gets legs, eyes home applications", "publisher": "Automate.org (A3)", "url": "https://www.automate.org/robotics/industry-insights/humanoids-alpha-robot-gets-legs-eyes-home-applications/anc" }, { "id": "hs-cdc6fcb7df", "title": "Apptronik unveils Apollo humanoid robot", "publisher": "Automated Warehouse", "url": "https://www.automatedwarehouseonline.com/apptronik-unveils-apollo-humanoid-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-bccd5ea17c", "title": "XPeng Robotics valued at US$6.3bn after record US$900m raise", "publisher": "Automotive World", "url": "https://www.automotiveworld.com/news/xpeng-robotics-valued-at-us6-3bn-after-record-us900m-raise/" }, { "id": "hs-289b516acd", "title": "Successful test of humanoid robots at BMW Group Plant Spartanburg", "publisher": "BMW Group", "url": "https://www.press.bmwgroup.com/usa/article/detail/T0444268EN_US/successful-test-of-humanoid-robots-at-bmw-group-plant-spartanburg" }, { "id": "hs-27d6bfc05a", "title": "Robotera unveils Robot L7, a full-size bipedal humanoid robot that dances and works", "publisher": "Barchart / Newsfile", "url": "https://www.barchart.com/story/news/33697437/robotera-unveils-robot-l7-a-full-size-bipedal-humanoid-robot-that-dances-and-works" }, { "id": "hs-c432dbd272", "title": "Kinisi", "publisher": "Bear Robotics", "url": "https://www.bearrobotics.ai/kinisi?utm_source=kinisi&utm_medium=301" }, { "id": "hs-9f275f0e93", "title": "X-Humanoid homepage", "publisher": "Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center", "url": "https://www.x-humanoid.com/" }, { "id": "hs-d9ffb465eb", "title": "Combination of Hardware and Control to Reduce Humanoids Fall Damage (BHR6P)", "publisher": "Beijing Institute of Technology", "url": "https://pure.bit.edu.cn/en/publications/combination-of-hardware-and-control-to-reduce-humanoids-fall-dama/" }, { "id": "hs-342068f1d6", "title": "Beijing Institute of Technology", "publisher": "Beijing Institute of Technology", "url": "https://english.bit.edu.cn/" }, { "id": "hs-f25c2cf212", "title": "Design and Development of the Humanoid Robot BHR-5", "publisher": "Beijing Institute of Technology (Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2014)", "url": "https://pure.bit.edu.cn/en/publications/design-and-development-of-the-humanoid-robot-bhr-5" }, { "id": "hs-aa83d0e0d6", "title": "Who is Winner? Champion Crowned for Humanoid Robot Half Marathon", "publisher": "Beijing Municipal Government", "url": "https://english.beijing.gov.cn/latest/news/202604/t20260419_4593508.html" }, { "id": "hs-7e97714c63", "title": "2nd World Humanoid Robot Games Conclude", "publisher": "Beijing Municipal Government", "url": "https://english.beijing.gov.cn/beijinginfo/sci/latesttrends/202608/t20260828_4840947.html" }, { "id": "hs-7b53f83fde", "title": "World Robot Conference 2026 to Start on August 19: Highlights at a Glance", "publisher": "Beijing Municipal Government", "url": "https://english.beijing.gov.cn/beijinginfo/sci/event/202607/t20260710_4756514.html" }, { "id": "hs-a456174e67", "title": "How robots ensure better living for the elderly", "publisher": "Bertelsmann Stiftung", "url": "https://www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/en/media-center/media/mid/how-robots-ensure-better-living-for-the-elderly" }, { "id": "hs-049e4e6058", "title": "A Humanoid Robot Platform Suitable for Studying Embodied Interaction (2005)", "publisher": "Bielefeld University PUB", "url": "https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/1891427" }, { "id": "hs-625aef381a", "title": "Designing a sociable humanoid robot for interdisciplinary research (Advanced Robotics, 2006)", "publisher": "Bielefeld University PUB", "url": "https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/1596215" }, { "id": "hs-ded8e4aa57", "title": "Startup begins mass producing robot clones of people", "publisher": "Big Think", "url": "https://bigthink.com/the-future/startup-begins-mass-producing-robot-clones-people/" }, { "id": "hs-5f6ca342c7", "title": "Robot George: a European humanoid that opens a new chapter", "publisher": "Blogic", "url": "https://www.blogic.cz/en/post/robot-george-a-european-humanoid-that-opens-a-new-chapter" }, { "id": "hs-31d651a337", "title": "Innovating Pilsen. The Event Showcased the Robots George and NAO, Drones, and Lasers", "publisher": "Blogic (Robot George site)", "url": "https://george-prod.cloud2.blogic.cz/en/pr/inovujeme-plzen-robot-george-nao-drony/" }, { "id": "hs-8e6b1c5031", "title": "Robot George Presented to Skoda Auto Engineers in Mlada Boleslav", "publisher": "Blogic (Robot George site)", "url": "https://george-prod.cloud2.blogic.cz/en/pr/robot-george-skoda-auto-mlada-boleslav/" }, { "id": "hs-734ca33c9c", "title": "Humanoid firm Apptronik triples valuation to over $5.5 billion", "publisher": "Bloomberg Government", "url": "https://news.bgov.com/private-equity/apptronik-raises-520-million-in-new-funding-to-build-more-humanoids" }, { "id": "hs-a039da6e8f", "title": "Ubtech Robotics Aktie: 1.000 Walker S2 ausgeliefert, Siemens-Partnerschaft", "publisher": "Boerse Express", "url": "https://www.boerse-express.com/news/articles/ubtech-robotics-aktie-1000-walker-s2-ausgeliefert-siemens-partnerschaft-931458" }, { "id": "hs-ec467e0689", "title": "Booster T2", "publisher": "Booster Robotics", "url": "https://www.booster.tech/booster-t2/" }, { "id": "hs-c5c70e670f", "title": "Booster Robotics homepage", "publisher": "Booster Robotics", "url": "https://www.booster.tech/" }, { "id": "hs-7918b85d7d", "title": "Borg Robotics", "publisher": "Borg Robotics", "url": "https://www.borgrobotic.com/" }, { "id": "hs-0487bb59fb", "title": "An Electric New Era for Atlas", "publisher": "Boston Dynamics", "url": "https://bostondynamics.com/blog/electric-new-era-for-atlas/" }, { "id": "hs-a6396bc2a5", "title": "Atlas", "publisher": "Boston Dynamics", "url": "https://bostondynamics.com/atlas/" }, { "id": "hs-a3769e8538", "title": "Boston Dynamics unveils new Atlas", "publisher": "Boston Dynamics", "url": "https://bostondynamics.com/news/boston-dynamics-unveils-new-atlas-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-232e7055b0", "title": "About Boston Dynamics", "publisher": "Boston Dynamics", "url": "https://bostondynamics.com/about/" }, { "id": "hs-bcf4cb1bb2", "title": "About Boston Dynamics", "publisher": "Boston Dynamics", "url": "https://www.bostondynamics.com/about" }, { "id": "hs-15108ab9b1", "title": "Atlas sales sheet / specifications (12/23/2025)", "publisher": "Boston Dynamics", "url": "https://bostondynamics.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/atlas-spec-sheet.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-d2bb39923c", "title": "Boston Dynamics unveils new Atlas robot to revolutionize industry", "publisher": "Boston Dynamics", "url": "https://bostondynamics.com/blog/boston-dynamics-unveils-new-atlas-robot-to-revolutionize-industry/" }, { "id": "hs-d4ca995067", "title": "Atlas Humanoid Robot", "publisher": "Boston Dynamics", "url": "https://bostondynamics.com/products/atlas/" }, { "id": "hs-842ae69f4c", "title": "News", "publisher": "Boston Dynamics", "url": "https://bostondynamics.com/news/" }, { "id": "hs-7b30ce75d8", "title": "Robot 'Actress' Stars in ROBOT PRINCESS AND THE SEVEN DWARFS", "publisher": "BroadwayWorld", "url": "https://www.broadwayworld.com/article/Robot_Actress_Stars_in_ROBOT_PRINCESS_AND_THE_SEVEN_DWARFS_20100214" }, { "id": "hs-072c2a7519", "title": "HERMES - A Humanoid Service Robot", "publisher": "Bundeswehr University Munich", "url": "https://www.unibw.de/robotics-en/hermes-a-humanoid-service-robot" }, { "id": "hs-02d2fec589", "title": "Selected Publications (incl. 'HERMES - A Humanoid Mobile Manipulator for Service Tasks', 1997)", "publisher": "Bundeswehr University Munich", "url": "https://www.unibw.de/robotics-en/publications" }, { "id": "hs-43750035bd", "title": "Accenture invests in Sanctuary AI", "publisher": "Business Wire", "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240327538360/en/Accenture-Invests-in-Sanctuary-AI-to-Bring-AI-Powered-Humanoid-Robotics-to-Work-Alongside-Humans" }, { "id": "hs-0770a6fc2f", "title": "Kawada Robotics' aim in launching a new humanoid collaborative robot", "publisher": "Business+IT (SB Creative)", "url": "https://www.sbbit.jp/article/cont1/85606" }, { "id": "hs-5fa99d0e4b", "title": "Domestic robot to debut in Japan (31 Aug 2005)", "publisher": "BusinessToday Malta", "url": "https://archive.businesstoday.com.mt/2005/08/31/tech3.html" }, { "id": "hs-08748f4ff3", "title": "GR-3 Technical Report", "publisher": "ByteDance Seed (arXiv)", "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/2507.15493" }, { "id": "hs-ae5d8a7f34", "title": "Ubtech: Walker C1 debütiert auf Supply-Chain-Expo", "publisher": "Börse Express", "url": "https://www.boerse-express.com/news/articles/ubtech-walker-c1-debuetiert-auf-supply-chain-expo-908344" }, { "id": "hs-d07c02f731", "title": "Leju KUAVO humanoid passes general evaluation by CTTL", "publisher": "CAICT / CTTL-T", "url": "https://gma.caict.ac.cn/en/plat/cttl-t/lejurobot-kuavo-humanoid-pass-the-general-evaluation-performed-by-cttl" }, { "id": "hs-af1a230969", "title": "CASBOT 02", "publisher": "CASBOT", "url": "https://casbot.tech/product/02" }, { "id": "hs-5d087be3d8", "title": "CASBOT W1", "publisher": "CASBOT", "url": "https://www.casbot.tech/product/w1" }, { "id": "hs-ef259eaad6", "title": "Biped humanoid robot debuts in Beijing", "publisher": "CERNET (China Education and Research Network)", "url": "https://cernet.edu.cn/english/R_D/news/Sciencerd/200603/t20060323_141077.shtml" }, { "id": "hs-071445e334", "title": "What to expect as second World Humanoid Robot Games set to open", "publisher": "CGTN", "url": "https://news.cgtn.com/news/2026-08-22/What-to-expect-as-second-World-Humanoid-Robot-Games-set-to-open-1POkO95wrWo/p.html" }, { "id": "hs-2a4daff860", "title": "Boston Dynamics shows its Atlas robot can do parkour", "publisher": "CNBC", "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2018/10/11/boston-dynamics-shows-its-atlas-robot-can-do-parkour.html" }, { "id": "hs-91aa0d40b5", "title": "Human-like androids have entered the workplace and may take your job", "publisher": "CNBC", "url": "https://www.cnbc.com/2019/10/31/human-like-androids-have-entered-the-workplace-and-may-take-your-job.html" }, { "id": "hs-c45bcd93bd", "title": "Beijing: Robots Wow Tech Expo with Ping Pong", "publisher": "CNIPA (China Daily)", "url": "https://english.cnipa.gov.cn/transfer/news/localipinformation/922614.htm" }, { "id": "hs-a42087ce23", "title": "WALK-MAN sets the bar high for DARPA's Robotics Challenge finals", "publisher": "CORDIS (European Commission)", "url": "https://www.cordis.europa.eu/article/id/117037-walkman-sets-the-bar-high-for-darpas-robotics-challenge-finals" }, { "id": "hs-53be985a45", "title": "Qiyuan Q1", "publisher": "Cailian Press", "url": "https://www.cls.cn/detail/2245532" }, { "id": "hs-88dc26c5a5", "title": "从“四轮”到“双足” 车企跨界“造人”热潮起", "publisher": "Cailian Press (财联社)", "url": "https://www.cls.cn/detail/2333094" }, { "id": "hs-37471b1524", "title": "比亚迪人形机器人8月郑州“上岗” 商业服务场景或率先落地", "publisher": "Cailian Press (财联社)", "url": "https://m.cls.cn/detail/2438718" }, { "id": "hs-32aaa35867", "title": "China's Booster Robotics lands new funding as it hits a winning streak", "publisher": "Caixin Global", "url": "https://www.caixinglobal.com/2025-07-25/chinas-booster-robotics-lands-new-funding-as-it-hits-a-winning-streak-102344904.html" }, { "id": "hs-6d122f19fa", "title": "Humanoid robotics startup Robot Era secures $69 million Series A", "publisher": "Caixin Global", "url": "https://www.caixinglobal.com/2025-07-08/humanoid-robotics-startup-robot-era-secures-69-million-series-a-funding-102338987.html" }, { "id": "hs-091e80dcdf", "title": "China's Robot Era valued at over 10 billion yuan", "publisher": "Caixin Global", "url": "https://www.caixinglobal.com/2026-03-05/chinas-robot-era-valued-at-over-10-billion-yuan-102419832.html" }, { "id": "hs-d5102b3fc9", "title": "Unitree defends robot sales as rival claims market crown", "publisher": "Caixin Global", "url": "https://www.caixinglobal.com/2026-01-24/unitree-defends-robot-sales-as-rival-claims-market-crown-102407436.html" }, { "id": "hs-3a0261bf65", "title": "Galbot raises $362 million in fresh funding, eyes Hong Kong IPO", "publisher": "Caixin Global", "url": "https://www.caixinglobal.com/2026-03-03/galbot-raises-362-million-in-fresh-funding-eyes-hong-kong-ipo-102418742.html" }, { "id": "hs-a52ac79555", "title": "Noetix Robotics raises nearly 1 billion yuan after Spring Festival Gala skit", "publisher": "Caixin Global", "url": "https://www.caixinglobal.com/2026-03-02/noetix-robotics-raises-nearly-1-billion-yuan-after-spring-festival-gala-skit-102418646.html" }, { "id": "hs-f91c980406", "title": "China's robotics funding frenzy picks up", "publisher": "Caixin Global", "url": "https://www.caixinglobal.com/2026-06-03/chinas-robotics-funding-frenzy-picks-up-102450635.html" }, { "id": "hs-399e04c4a2", "title": "Amazon is developing something very cute... We are not in the cute industry", "publisher": "Calcalist", "url": "https://www.calcalistech.com/ctech/articles/0,7340,L-3918654,00.html" }, { "id": "hs-5d4b1e0e37", "title": "Mentee Robotics demonstrates MenteeBot V3 logistics task", "publisher": "Calcalist (CTech)", "url": "https://www.calcalistech.com/ctechnews/article/skctzanwzg" }, { "id": "hs-10aca0633d", "title": "Capgemini and Orano deploy the first intelligent humanoid robot in the nuclear sector", "publisher": "Capgemini", "url": "https://www.capgemini.com/news/press-releases/capgemini-and-orano-deploy-the-first-intelligent-humanoid-robot-in-the-nuclear-sector/" }, { "id": "hs-b250149008", "title": "Chery begins online sales of humanoid robot with a 0.7 kWh battery at 41,400 USD", "publisher": "CarNewsChina", "url": "https://carnewschina.com/2026/04/13/chery-begins-online-sales-of-humanoid-robot-with-a-0-7-kwh-battery-at-41400-usd/" }, { "id": "hs-2a4a22a2d7", "title": "CHIMP robot heads to DARPA finals", "publisher": "Carnegie Mellon University", "url": "https://www.cmu.edu/news/stories/archives/2015/may/darpa-chimp.html" }, { "id": "hs-99715b7a02", "title": "Beyond the Oreo", "publisher": "Carnegie Mellon University", "url": "https://www.cmu.edu/homepage/computing/2013/spring/beyond-the-oreo.shtml" }, { "id": "hs-5a79600ee4", "title": "Robots Get Creative To Cut Through Clutter", "publisher": "Carnegie Mellon University", "url": "https://www.cs.cmu.edu/news/2016/robots-get-creative-cut-through-clutter" }, { "id": "hs-9ce047495a", "title": "About NREC", "publisher": "Carnegie Mellon University National Robotics Engineering Center", "url": "https://www.nrec.ri.cmu.edu/about/" }, { "id": "hs-2344ba8812", "title": "HERB: a home exploring robotic butler (Autonomous Robots 28(1), 2010)", "publisher": "Carnegie Mellon University Robotics Institute", "url": "https://www.ri.cmu.edu/publications/herb-a-home-exploring-robotic-butler" }, { "id": "hs-122ea20e82", "title": "HERB 2.0: Lessons Learned from Developing a Mobile Manipulator for the Home (Proceedings of the IEEE, 2012)", "publisher": "Carnegie Mellon University Robotics Institute", "url": "https://ri.cmu.edu/publications/herb-2-0-lessons-learned-from-developing-a-mobile-manipulator-for-the-home" }, { "id": "hs-29a0c76d0d", "title": "Scientists develop nurse robot", "publisher": "Cayman Compass", "url": "https://www.caymancompass.com/2009/09/03/scientists-develop-nurse-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-2d60c92e34", "title": "Hiroshi Ishiguro", "publisher": "Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet)", "url": "https://www.cinet.jp/english/people/2014263/" }, { "id": "hs-70b69b4048", "title": "Faraday Future unveils full-form EAI robot world spanning six product series (Business Wire, 2026-06-17)", "publisher": "Chartmill", "url": "https://www.chartmill.com/news/external/46939/bizwire-2026-6-17-faraday-future-unveils-full-form-eai-robot-world-spanning-six-product-series-launches-worlds-first-three-in-one-eai-robotics-education-ecosystem-strategy-and-debuts-all-new-futurist-humanoid-robot-and-fx-navi-priced-at-1990" }, { "id": "hs-61ab9bc3b7", "title": "OVC enterprises shine at Shenzhen cultural fair", "publisher": "China Daily", "url": "https://govt.chinadaily.com.cn/s/202605/26/WS6a1551c0498e23165e06fa57/ovc-enterprises-shine-at-shenzhen-cultural-fair.html" }, { "id": "hs-88aa678b12", "title": "CloudMinds plans bipedal humanoid with 60+ flexible actuators", "publisher": "China Daily", "url": "https://subsites.chinadaily.com.cn/wic/2023-08/07/c_908584.htm" }, { "id": "hs-e92eb86354", "title": "Rise of the robots a lift for Shanghai", "publisher": "China Daily", "url": "https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202307/20/WS64b867bda31035260b81761e_4.html" }, { "id": "hs-bcebbbf2a0", "title": "X Square Robot launches wheeled humanoid at World Robot Conference", "publisher": "China Daily", "url": "https://subsites.chinadaily.com.cn/wic/2025-08/18/c_1117591.htm" }, { "id": "hs-9fba0701b7", "title": "Chinese firms lead global humanoid robot production in 2025: report", "publisher": "China Daily", "url": "https://investinchina.chinadaily.com.cn/s/202601/12/WS6964b698498e23165e06cba4/chinese-firms-lead-global-humanoid-robot-production-in-2025-report.html" }, { "id": "hs-511e53f3a8", "title": "Cyborg R01 heavy-load robot shown at WAIC 2025 (promotional content)", "publisher": "China Daily (Chinese edition)", "url": "https://cn.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202507/29/WS688854c3a310a07bb590ab70.html" }, { "id": "hs-195c19af8a", "title": "CETC 21st Institute at the 2026 World Robot Conference", "publisher": "China Daily (Chinese edition)", "url": "https://cn.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202608/25/WS6a8d32ace4b09dff9814ef2b.html" }, { "id": "hs-66d8cf5605", "title": "NAVIAI-I3 security humanoid unveiled in Ningbo", "publisher": "China Daily (Ningbo)", "url": "https://ningbo.chinadaily.com.cn/2025-11/13/c_1140691.htm" }, { "id": "hs-466223d8ab", "title": "Humanoid robot takes a stride in Ningbo", "publisher": "China Daily (Ningbo)", "url": "https://ningbo.chinadaily.com.cn/2025-03/12/c_1078052.htm" }, { "id": "hs-9d1b1e3b78", "title": "Ningbo robots at the 2025 World Robot Conference", "publisher": "China Daily (Ningbo)", "url": "https://ningbo.chinadaily.com.cn/2025-08/13/c_1116619.htm" }, { "id": "hs-ce265d8499", "title": "Pudu Robotics unveils PUDU D9", "publisher": "China Daily / PR Newswire", "url": "https://regional.chinadaily.com.cn/en/2024-12/24/c_1059122.htm" }, { "id": "hs-c977ef6270", "title": "中国第一台类人型机器人亮相 (China's first humanoid robot appears)", "publisher": "China News Service", "url": "https://www.chinanews.com/2000-11-30/26/58714.html" }, { "id": "hs-035ec32f06", "title": "2026 World Robot Conference opens (Tiangong Omni debut)", "publisher": "China News Service", "url": "https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/2026/08-19/10680643.shtml" }, { "id": "hs-ed810683c3", "title": "2026世界机器人大会首发新品超150件 落地场景日益丰富", "publisher": "China News Service (中新网)", "url": "https://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/2026/08-23/10682625.shtml" }, { "id": "hs-7707acc0a2", "title": "实探工博会：人形机器人亮点纷呈 商业化探索备受关注", "publisher": "China Securities Journal (中证网)", "url": "https://cs.com.cn/ssgs/gsxw/202409/t20240927_6442661.html" }, { "id": "hs-5d50c0e9b5", "title": "Elite Robots launches Centaur-G1 wheeled humanoid", "publisher": "China.com Tech", "url": "https://m.tech.china.com/hea/articles/20260521/202605211874954.html" }, { "id": "hs-21f186baee", "title": "LimX Dynamics hits a $2.2bn humanoid valuation", "publisher": "ChinaPulse (citing The Information)", "url": "https://www.chinapulse.com/data-news/2026/07/14/limx-dynamics-hits-a-2-2bn-humanoid-valuation" }, { "id": "hs-f96f18d1ef", "title": "South Korean team wins $2 million to design robots for humanitarian aid", "publisher": "Christian Science Monitor", "url": "https://www.csmonitor.com/Science/2015/0608/South-Korean-team-wins-2-million-to-design-robots-for-humanitarian-aid" }, { "id": "hs-299a15957a", "title": "Is this the world's sweatiest robot?", "publisher": "Christian Science Monitor", "url": "https://csmonitor.com/Science/2016/1016/Is-this-the-world-s-sweatiest-robot" }, { "id": "hs-5800b91082", "title": "Mianyang robot show", "publisher": "Chuanguan News (Sichuan Daily)", "url": "https://cbgc.scol.com.cn/news/5060332" }, { "id": "hs-5917d27830", "title": "Jingchu No. 1 humanoid robot (Feb 2025 report)", "publisher": "Chutian Metropolis Daily", "url": "https://ctdsb.net/c1476_202502/2366208.html" }, { "id": "hs-a6240d9d5a", "title": "Clone Robotics unveils Protoclone", "publisher": "Circuit Digest", "url": "https://circuitdigest.com/news/clone-robotics-unveils-protoclone-a-milestone-in-musculoskeletal-android-technology" }, { "id": "hs-2ac0c5a0f5", "title": "iHub Robotics, the Kerala Startup Building Almost Every Layer of Its Humanoids In-House", "publisher": "Circuit Digest", "url": "https://circuitdigest.com/interview/ihub-robotics-kerala-startup-building-almost-every-layer-of-its-humanoids-in-house" }, { "id": "hs-4b208e195e", "title": "Clone Android (Alpha Edition)", "publisher": "Clone Robotics", "url": "https://www.clonerobotics.com/android/" }, { "id": "hs-a4fd9fdb67", "title": "Xpeng unveils next-gen Iron humanoid robot at 2025 AI Day", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2025/11/05/xpeng-unveils-next-gen-iron-humanoid-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-d066ebffa1", "title": "GAC unveils humanoid robot GoMate, plans to start small-scale production in 2026", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2024/12/26/gac-unveils-humanoid-robot-gomate/" }, { "id": "hs-d48b8be695", "title": "Chinese firm unveils world's fastest humanoid robot Bolt", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2026/02/03/mirrorme-unveils-worlds-fastest-humanoid-robot-bolt/" }, { "id": "hs-9f9881da05", "title": "UBTech shows how its humanoid robot can work 24/7 with autonomous battery swap", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2025/07/17/ubtech-humanoid-robot-autonomous-battery-swap/" }, { "id": "hs-01e878f126", "title": "Unitree showcases humanoid robot's reliability in -47.4C extreme cold", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2026/02/02/unitree-humanoid-robots-extreme-cold-traversing-snowfield/" }, { "id": "hs-932490dcf8", "title": "Chery robot unit Aimoga marks 2,000th overseas delivery", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2026/07/30/chery-aimoga-2000th-overseas-robot-delivery/" }, { "id": "hs-37ef4749cd", "title": "Chery's robot unit Aimoga prepares for IPO, targets 10,000 deliveries next year", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2026/08/19/chery-aimoga-prepares-ipo/" }, { "id": "hs-0d5ad21cce", "title": "Xpeng opens Iron humanoid robot production line", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2026/09/08/xpeng-opens-iron-humanoid-robot-production-line/" }, { "id": "hs-7758509bca", "title": "Xpeng Iron reportedly shifts to semi-solid batteries", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2026/09/03/xpeng-iron-shifts-to-semi-solid-batteries/" }, { "id": "hs-c7caa601da", "title": "Xpeng carves out robotics business at $6.3 billion post-money valuation", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2026/08/24/xpeng-carves-out-robotics-business/" }, { "id": "hs-3bfda0aa2f", "title": "Xiaomi deploys humanoid robots in EV factory for auto assembly", "publisher": "CnEVPost", "url": "https://cnevpost.com/2026/03/02/xiaomi-deploys-humanoid-robots-ev-factory/" }, { "id": "hs-5894d7703f", "title": "Engineered Arts Limited – company overview", "publisher": "Companies House", "url": "https://find-and-update.company-information.service.gov.uk/company/05265468" }, { "id": "hs-db3266b3ae", "title": "Simon the robot can learn (Apr 2010)", "publisher": "Computerworld", "url": "https://www.computerworld.com/article/1547505/simon-the-robot-can-learn.html" }, { "id": "hs-1a712a8bdf", "title": "TechGear: New robot walks, talks and learns (Sep 2007)", "publisher": "Computerworld", "url": "https://www.computerworld.com/article/1574630/techgear-new-robot-walks-talks-and-learns.html" }, { "id": "hs-bea7d629ce", "title": "Sony unveils prototype humanoid robot", "publisher": "Computerworld NZ", "url": "https://www2.computerworld.co.nz/article/75167/sony_unveils_prototype_humanoid_robot/" }, { "id": "hs-35de16046f", "title": "Premiere mondiale dans le nucleaire: Orano accueille un travailleur tres particulier (AFP)", "publisher": "Connaissance des Energies", "url": "https://www.connaissancedesenergies.org/afp/premiere-mondiale-dans-le-nucleaire-orano-accueille-un-travailleur-tres-particulier-251104" }, { "id": "hs-a638f8983f", "title": "Cientificos mexicanos presentaron version final del robot Mex-One", "publisher": "Cooperativa.cl", "url": "https://cooperativa.cl/noticias/tecnologia/industria/robotica/cientificos-mexicanos-presentaron-version-final-del-robot/2011-07-08/112405.html" }, { "id": "hs-e8d9d673f5", "title": "Crossref record: Design and development of research platform for perception-action integration in humanoid robot: H6 (IROS 2000, DOI 10.1109/iros.2000.895195)", "publisher": "Crossref", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works?query.bibliographic=Design+and+development+of+research+platform+for+perception-action+integration+in+humanoid+robot+H6&rows=3&select=title,DOI,issued,container-title,abstract,author" }, { "id": "hs-d642b98eb7", "title": "Crossref search: KHR-2 papers", "publisher": "Crossref", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works?query.bibliographic=Development+of+humanoid+robot+platform+KHR-2+KAIST+humanoid+robot+2&rows=5&select=title,DOI,issued,container-title,abstract,author" }, { "id": "hs-14c8d91555", "title": "Crossref search: MAHRU papers", "publisher": "Crossref", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works?query.bibliographic=MAHRU+network-based+humanoid+robot+KIST&rows=6&select=title,DOI,issued,container-title,author" }, { "id": "hs-d43b1f616e", "title": "Crossref record: CB2: A child robot with biomimetic body for cognitive developmental robotics (Humanoids 2007, DOI 10.1109/ichr.2007.4813926)", "publisher": "Crossref", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works?query.bibliographic=CB2+child+robot+with+biomimetic+body+cognitive+developmental+robotics&rows=4&select=title,DOI,issued,container-title,author,abstract" }, { "id": "hs-7d8de9022d", "title": "Agility Robotics to go public in $2.5B SPAC deal with Churchill Capital", "publisher": "Crypto Briefing", "url": "https://cryptobriefing.com/agility-robotics-spac-deal-churchill-capital/" }, { "id": "hs-ed8ae6cbfe", "title": "Orca I specifications", "publisher": "Cyan Robotics", "url": "https://www.cyanborg.com/orca-product.html" }, { "id": "hs-dd24a71fe0", "title": "Ve Zline vznika humanoid pro evropske tovarny. Jmenuje se George a chysta se na pilotni provoz", "publisher": "CzechCrunch (brand story)", "url": "https://cc.cz/brandstory/ve-zline-vznika-humanoid-pro-evropske-tovarny-jmenuje-se-george-a-chysta-se-na-pilotni-provoz/" }, { "id": "hs-9dfb54ddcb", "title": "Atlas Robot Unveiled", "publisher": "DARPA", "url": "https://www.darpa.mil/news/2013/atlas-robot-unveiled" }, { "id": "hs-0f1447157b", "title": "Atlas Robot Debuts", "publisher": "DARPA", "url": "https://www.darpa.mil/about/innovation-timeline/atlas-robot-debut" }, { "id": "hs-b252125369", "title": "DARPA Robotics Challenge (DRC)", "publisher": "DARPA", "url": "https://www.darpa.mil/research/programs/darpa-robotics-challenge" }, { "id": "hs-c893df4b8e", "title": "DR01 humanoid robot", "publisher": "DEEP Robotics", "url": "https://www.deeprobotics.cn/en/index/humanoid.html" }, { "id": "hs-f030da8457", "title": "DR02", "publisher": "DEEP Robotics", "url": "https://www.deeprobotics.cn/en/index/dr02.html" }, { "id": "hs-6c28ce02d6", "title": "DEEP Robotics news", "publisher": "DEEP Robotics", "url": "https://www.deeprobotics.cn/en/index/news.html" }, { "id": "hs-e17c628c5f", "title": "RH5", "publisher": "DFKI Robotics Innovation Center", "url": "https://robotik.dfki-bremen.de/en/research/robot-systems/rh5" }, { "id": "hs-faa496d883", "title": "AILA - Mobile Dual-Arm-Manipulation (system page)", "publisher": "DFKI Robotics Innovation Center", "url": "https://robotik.dfki-bremen.de/en/research/robot-systems/aila" }, { "id": "hs-29145aab35", "title": "AILA", "publisher": "DFKI Robotics Innovation Center", "url": "https://robotik.dfki-bremen.de/en/research/robot-systems/aila/" }, { "id": "hs-d2912ae569", "title": "İnsansı robot müzesi İstanbul'da açıldı", "publisher": "DHA (Demirören Haber Ajansı)", "url": "https://www.dha.com.tr/teknoloji/insansi-robot-muzesi-istanbulda-acildi-2177081" }, { "id": "hs-12e705d5bd", "title": "AIRBOT MMK2 Mobile Dual-Arm Robot", "publisher": "DISCOVER Robotics", "url": "https://www.discover-robotics.com/en/products/mmk2" }, { "id": "hs-c3e778535d", "title": "About DISCOVER Robotics (milestones)", "publisher": "DISCOVER Robotics", "url": "https://www.discover-robotics.com/en/about-us" }, { "id": "hs-e3936a3c31", "title": "Rollin' Justin", "publisher": "DLR (METERON)", "url": "https://meteron.dlr.de/rollin-justin/index.html" }, { "id": "hs-1ad708ec1d", "title": "Rollin' Justin", "publisher": "DLR Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics", "url": "https://www.dlr.de/rm/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-4322/" }, { "id": "hs-7997b22179", "title": "TORO", "publisher": "DLR Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics", "url": "https://www.dlr.de/en/rm/research/robotic-systems/humanoids/toro" }, { "id": "hs-975485e09c", "title": "人形机器人“小东”2026年底“进厂”，2028年欲实现“效率超人工”", "publisher": "Daily Economic News (每日经济新闻)", "url": "https://www.mrjjxw.com/articles/2026-09-14/4581099.html" }, { "id": "hs-324656777d", "title": "Dataa Robotics", "publisher": "DataA Robotics", "url": "https://www.dataarobotics.com/en" }, { "id": "hs-ab7cf61f96", "title": "World-first robot pilot developed by Korean research team", "publisher": "Daum (Korean press)", "url": "https://v.daum.net/v/20230719174423939" }, { "id": "hs-2452905699", "title": "Fourier books nearly $109m in Prosperity7-backed Series E round", "publisher": "DealStreetAsia", "url": "https://dealstreetasia.com/?p=425571" }, { "id": "hs-698f3c01e4", "title": "Galbot raises $300m at $3b valuation", "publisher": "DealStreetAsia", "url": "https://cdn.dealstreetasia.com/stories/galbot-raises-over-300m-467245" }, { "id": "hs-e5d8d01a7d", "title": "Humanoid Robot Price Break: Unitree and EngineAI showcase affordable humanoid robots", "publisher": "DeepLearning.AI The Batch", "url": "https://charonhub.deeplearning.ai/unitree-and-engineai-showcase-affordable-humanoid-robots/" }, { "id": "hs-8a6122d342", "title": "Google opts out of Robotics Challenge funding; DARPA expands the field", "publisher": "Defense One", "url": "https://www.defenseone.com/defense-systems/2014/03/google-opts-out-of-robotics-challenge-funding-darpa-expands-the-field/194116" }, { "id": "hs-822c05289d", "title": "About TU Delft", "publisher": "Delft University of Technology", "url": "https://www.tudelft.nl/en/about-tu-delft" }, { "id": "hs-f92268e8d8", "title": "Eine Maschine, die lernt wie ein Kleinkind", "publisher": "Der Tagesspiegel", "url": "https://www.tagesspiegel.de/wissen/eine-maschine-die-lernt-wie-ein-kleinkind-4333450.html" }, { "id": "hs-bf94034ee7", "title": "About us", "publisher": "Devanthro", "url": "https://www.devanthro.com/about-us" }, { "id": "hs-8178a6e115", "title": "Robody", "publisher": "Devanthro", "url": "https://www.devanthro.com/robody/" }, { "id": "hs-e9a511fa65", "title": "Dexmate (Vega series)", "publisher": "Dexmate", "url": "https://www.dexmate.com/" }, { "id": "hs-271151b1cf", "title": "Saudi Arabia becomes first country to grant citizenship to a robot", "publisher": "Dezeen", "url": "https://www.dezeen.com/2017/10/26/saudi-arabia-first-country-grant-citizenship-robot-sophia-technology-artificial-intelligence-ai/" }, { "id": "hs-0dd5852827", "title": "Cloid robot by LG from CES 2026", "publisher": "Dezeen", "url": "https://www.dezeen.com/2026/01/06/lg-ai-powered-robot-ces-2026/" }, { "id": "hs-d9005f2993", "title": "Humanoid robot Prototype Version 0 debuts after 9-month build", "publisher": "Digg", "url": "https://digg.com/tech/8jcms1wn" }, { "id": "hs-52dfe5d36e", "title": "Hon Hai Tech Day 2025", "publisher": "DigiTimes", "url": "https://www.digitimes.com/news/a20251124PD217.html" }, { "id": "hs-1940e0da96", "title": "Moxi FAQ", "publisher": "Diligent Robotics", "url": "https://www.diligentrobots.com/faq" }, { "id": "hs-aa49dbb705", "title": "Introducing Moxi 2.0", "publisher": "Diligent Robotics", "url": "https://www.diligentrobots.com/blog/moxi2-0" }, { "id": "hs-727fea7e6f", "title": "RoBee presentato, il primo robot umanoide cognitivo per l'industria 5.0", "publisher": "Dire", "url": "https://www.dire.it/24-05-2022/739637-robee-presentato-il-primo-robot-umanoide-cognitivo-per-lindustria-5-0/" }, { "id": "hs-631dc8e3d1", "title": "Walt Disney Imagineering fact sheet", "publisher": "Disney Experiences", "url": "https://disneyconnect.com/app/uploads/2024/05/fact_sheet_walt_disney_imagineering_2024_Q2.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-6c32b47cc4", "title": "Stuntronics", "publisher": "Disney Research", "url": "https://la.disneyresearch.com/stuntronics/" }, { "id": "hs-d6ba18d9d4", "title": "VinDynamics lần đầu ra mắt robot hình người tại hai sự kiện công nghệ hàng đầu thế giới", "publisher": "Diễn đàn Doanh nghiệp", "url": "https://diendandoanhnghiep.vn/vindynamics-lan-dau-ra-mat-robot-hinh-nguoi-tai-hai-su-kien-cong-nghe-hang-dau-the-gioi-10179795.html" }, { "id": "hs-18c3f7f48f", "title": "Report on Siasun's WRC 2026 stand and OneHub launch (product descriptions of Songxing and Songyi)", "publisher": "DoNews", "url": "https://www.donews.com/news/detail/4/6678652.html" }, { "id": "hs-d6f51d883d", "title": "Report on Siasun's OneHub multi-robot launch at WRC 2026", "publisher": "DoNews", "url": "https://www.donews.com/news/detail/4/6678646.html" }, { "id": "hs-640dba53b0", "title": "DOBOT LUMO Humanoid Robot", "publisher": "Dobot", "url": "https://www.dobot-robots.com/insights/case-studies/1283.html" }, { "id": "hs-a84f92379f", "title": "DOBOT ATOM product page", "publisher": "Dobot", "url": "https://www.dobot-robots.com/products/humanoid-robots/atom.html" }, { "id": "hs-44ea25a990", "title": "Dobot Robotics Successfully Listing Hong Kong Stock Exchange", "publisher": "Dobot Robotics", "url": "https://www.dobot-robots.com/insights/news/dobot-robotics-successfully-listing-hong-kong-stock-exchange.html?lang=en?aid%3D262?type%3D56" }, { "id": "hs-57741f634e", "title": "About Us", "publisher": "Dobot Robotics", "url": "https://www.dobot-robots.com/about/about-dobot" }, { "id": "hs-919fc65fe1", "title": "ADA GH5 (Erik Dali, mangal)", "publisher": "DonanimHaber", "url": "https://www.donanimhaber.com/ada-gh5-erik-dali-mangal--97467" }, { "id": "hs-83710f36de", "title": "Products", "publisher": "Donut Robotics", "url": "https://www.donutrobotics.com/blank-2" }, { "id": "hs-2cf80e84fb", "title": "Doosan Robotics joins K-Humanoid Alliance", "publisher": "Doosan Robotics", "url": "https://www.doosanrobotics.com/en/about/promotion/news/view/92" }, { "id": "hs-8ce7e35dae", "title": "Robot expresses itself", "publisher": "Dr. Dobb's", "url": "https://www.drdobbs.com/embedded-systems/robot-expresses-itself/207200370" }, { "id": "hs-28608e0412", "title": "Tesla reveals working prototype of Optimus robot, will cost less than $20,000", "publisher": "Drive Tesla Canada", "url": "https://driveteslacanada.ca/news/tesla-reveals-working-prototype-of-optimus-robot-will-cost-less-than-20000/" }, { "id": "hs-1c2b056bcf", "title": "Tesla Unveils Optimus Gen 2", "publisher": "Drive Tesla Canada", "url": "https://driveteslacanada.ca/news/tesla-unveils-optimus-gen-2-a-leap-forward-in-humanoid-robotics-with-enhanced-speed-precision-and-dexterity/" }, { "id": "hs-a368f277dc", "title": "Tesla is delaying Optimus V3 reveal over fears of copycats", "publisher": "Drive Tesla Canada", "url": "https://driveteslacanada.ca/news/tesla-delaying-optimus-v3-reveal-fears-copycats/" }, { "id": "hs-aee604d4ba", "title": "Walker 2 (bipedal humanoid robot)", "publisher": "DroidUp", "url": "https://www.droidup.com/product/2" }, { "id": "hs-96e4644243", "title": "News", "publisher": "DroidUp", "url": "https://www.droidup.com/news" }, { "id": "hs-fc848b2ddd", "title": "DroidUp home page (news)", "publisher": "DroidUp", "url": "https://www.droidup.com/" }, { "id": "hs-aba3cd02f7", "title": "Robotic Roommates Making Pancakes (IEEE-RAS Humanoids 2011)", "publisher": "EASE / University of Bremen", "url": "https://ease-crc.org/papers/pancakes11humanoids.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-b3d46c1bc0", "title": "Halodi's humanoid robots are already amongst us", "publisher": "EE Journal", "url": "https://www.eejournal.com/article/halodis-humanoid-robots-are-already-amongst-us/" }, { "id": "hs-80c65dea75", "title": "Kinova announces beta launch of new MOVO platform", "publisher": "EE Journal", "url": "https://www.eejournal.com/industry_news/kinova-announces-beta-launch-of-new-movo-platform/" }, { "id": "hs-32f0b73f88", "title": "Robot designed to help test walking-assistance devices (WABIAN-2)", "publisher": "EE Times", "url": "https://www.eetimes.com/?p=1161477" }, { "id": "hs-7d5ae93a43", "title": "Pino robot teaches himself to walk, no lie", "publisher": "EE Times", "url": "https://www.eetimes.com/?p=1226977" }, { "id": "hs-991d490cae", "title": "South Korea develops its first android robot", "publisher": "ETNews", "url": "https://www.etnews.com/200605040023" }, { "id": "hs-62787dd3fc", "title": "Robots4Autism: Teaching social skills for life", "publisher": "Easter Seals Tech", "url": "https://www.eastersealstech.com/2014/02/25/robots4autism-teaching-social-skills-for-life/" }, { "id": "hs-652cbeda87", "title": "CETC 21st Institute releases Explorer D1 humanoid (via Cailian Press)", "publisher": "Eastmoney", "url": "https://finance.eastmoney.com/a/202511263575291056.html" }, { "id": "hs-d56081efa9", "title": "Siasun investor Q&A on its humanoid line (via National Business Daily)", "publisher": "Eastmoney", "url": "https://finance.eastmoney.com/a/202601093614181137.html" }, { "id": "hs-664053664b", "title": "ZTE unveils 30kg humanoid robot at WAIC 2026 as China robotics race heats up", "publisher": "Edgen", "url": "https://www.edgen.tech/news/post/zte-unveils-30kg-humanoid-robot-at-waic-2026-as-china-robotics-race-heats-up" }, { "id": "hs-e052befb43", "title": "Dutch Robotics 2010 adult-size team description", "publisher": "Eindhoven University of Technology research portal", "url": "https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/dutch-robotics-2010-adult-size-team-description/" }, { "id": "hs-ba99bec4f4", "title": "Konya'nın robotik üssü AKINROBOTICS, üretim kapasitesini artırdı", "publisher": "Ekonomim", "url": "https://www.ekonomim.com/sehirler/konyanin-robotik-ussu-akinrobotics-uretim-kapasitesini-artirdi-haberi-777766" }, { "id": "hs-2534aee1f7", "title": "Tesla Optimus humanoid robot", "publisher": "Electrek", "url": "https://electrek.co/2022/09/30/tesla-optimus-humanoid-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-aa9c3a0fd0", "title": "Xpeng Iron humanoid robot production line", "publisher": "Electrek", "url": "https://electrek.co/?p=483263" }, { "id": "hs-45120d8386", "title": "Ex-Tesla Optimus scientist unveils European humanoid robot startup", "publisher": "Electrek", "url": "https://electrek.co/2026/07/07/tesla-optimus-scientist-uma-humanoid-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-4a50810dc0", "title": "If it's good enough for Tesla, Faraday Future pivots to humanoid robots", "publisher": "Electrek", "url": "https://electrek.co/2026/02/06/if-its-good-enough-for-tesla-faraday-future-pivots-to-humanoid-robots/" }, { "id": "hs-38208e5740", "title": "Tesla Optimus production timeline (Q1 2026 earnings call)", "publisher": "Electrek", "url": "https://electrek.co/?p=464555" }, { "id": "hs-78a84c4d88", "title": "Chery deploying humanoid robots called Mornine to sell cars", "publisher": "Electrek", "url": "https://electrek.co/2025/05/05/chery-deploying-blonde-humanoid-robots-called-mornine-to-sell-cars-video/" }, { "id": "hs-62490f9f6f", "title": "XPeng Robotics raises $900M at $6.3B valuation for IRON humanoid", "publisher": "Electrek", "url": "https://electrek.co/2026/08/24/xpeng-robotics-900m-iron-humanoid-robot-valuation/" }, { "id": "hs-7d424dd903", "title": "Ti5ROBOT to debut new humanoids at HANNOVER MESSE 2025", "publisher": "Electronic Specifier", "url": "https://electronicspecifier.com/news/events-news/ti5robot-to-debut-new-humanoids-in-hannover-messe-2025" }, { "id": "hs-34a38847a3", "title": "Intelligent 5G humanoid robots by CloudMinds Technology make a debut at MWC Los Angeles", "publisher": "Electronics World", "url": "https://www.electronicsworld.co.uk/?p=14423" }, { "id": "hs-15bccb01ea", "title": "Humanoid robot butler shows off its skills in the kitchen", "publisher": "Electronics360 (GlobalSpec)", "url": "https://electronics360.globalspec.com/article/22796/humanoid-robot-butler-shows-off-its-skills-in-the-kitchen" }, { "id": "hs-eb2d0e94a2", "title": "Mercury X1 - Versatile Wheeled Full-Humanoid Robot", "publisher": "Elephant Robotics", "url": "https://www.elephantrobotics.com/en/mercury-x1-en/" }, { "id": "hs-40f9503cd6", "title": "Mercury humanoid robot", "publisher": "Elephant Robotics", "url": "https://www.elephantrobotics.com/en/mercury-humanoid-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-0f25a2df8a", "title": "Our company", "publisher": "Elephant Robotics", "url": "https://www.elephantrobotics.com/en/our-company-2023-en/" }, { "id": "hs-d6c1ef9c43", "title": "Elephant Robotics home", "publisher": "Elephant Robotics", "url": "https://www.elephantrobotics.com/en/" }, { "id": "hs-47743fd80f", "title": "From Factory Floors to Classrooms: Elephant Robotics' 10-Year Journey", "publisher": "Elephant Robotics (LinkedIn)", "url": "https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/from-factory-floors-classrooms-elephant-robotics-10-year-dqmvc/" }, { "id": "hs-6f8baddd71", "title": "Elite Robots", "publisher": "Elite Robots", "url": "https://www.elibot.com/" }, { "id": "hs-55d1f9061b", "title": "Kawada humanoid robot (Industrial Robot, vol. 28 no. 6, Dec 2001)", "publisher": "Emerald", "url": "https://www.emerald.com/ir/article/185422" }, { "id": "hs-199cdecaf5", "title": "Ena humanoid care-assistant robot (product site)", "publisher": "Enactic", "url": "https://care.enactic.ai/" }, { "id": "hs-052d680a0b", "title": "Enchanted Tools", "publisher": "Enchanted Tools", "url": "https://enchanted.tools/" }, { "id": "hs-a100f122de", "title": "Toyota running robot", "publisher": "Engadget", "url": "https://www.engadget.com/2009-07-31-toyotas-humanoid-robot-was-born-to-run.html" }, { "id": "hs-e79d4d38de", "title": "Boston Dynamics presents the 'next generation' Atlas robot", "publisher": "Engadget", "url": "https://engadget.com/2016/02/23/boston-dynamics-presents-the-next-generation-atlas-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-48e6baaeae", "title": "Xiaomi beats Tesla to building a working robot", "publisher": "Engadget", "url": "https://engt.co/3JL7fHA" }, { "id": "hs-94a2d914ef", "title": "LG will show off a humanoid robot for household chores at CES 2026", "publisher": "Engadget", "url": "https://www.engadget.com/home/smart-home/lg-will-show-off-a-humanoid-robot-for-household-chores-at-ces-2026-145411218.html" }, { "id": "hs-14d7af5443", "title": "A humanoid is born in a Turkish robotics factory", "publisher": "Engadget", "url": "https://www.engadget.com/2018-03-19-humanoid-robot-akin-the-big-picture.html" }, { "id": "hs-0a6652c6a2", "title": "Xiaomi beats Tesla to building a working robot", "publisher": "Engadget", "url": "https://www.engadget.com/xiaomi-cyberone-robot-143545207.html" }, { "id": "hs-818c697e36", "title": "Hanson Robokind puts a familiar Frubber face on robotic research", "publisher": "Engadget", "url": "https://www.engadget.com/2011-03-11-hanson-robokind-puts-a-familiar-frubber-face-on-robotic-research.html" }, { "id": "hs-acb79d0ac1", "title": "Xiaomi's CyberOne is a humanoid robot that can recognize human emotions", "publisher": "Engadget", "url": "https://www.engadget.com/xiaomi-cyberone-robot-143545207.html?src=rss" }, { "id": "hs-11d9d0b0b3", "title": "Fujitsu's enon is your robotic museum guide", "publisher": "Engadget", "url": "https://www.engadget.com/2007/09/21/fujitsus-enon-is-your-robotic-museum-guide/" }, { "id": "hs-b892161355", "title": "EngineAI homepage (product specs)", "publisher": "EngineAI", "url": "https://www.engineai.com.cn/" }, { "id": "hs-dd1be692c7", "title": "Mesmer", "publisher": "Engineered Arts", "url": "https://engineeredarts.com/robots/mesmer" }, { "id": "hs-d992accc3e", "title": "Mesmer Creation Process", "publisher": "Engineered Arts", "url": "https://media.engineeredarts.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/Mesmer-Creation-Process-Engineered-Arts.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-b580f78228", "title": "Ameca", "publisher": "Engineered Arts", "url": "https://engineeredarts.com/robots/ameca" }, { "id": "hs-9dc0728623", "title": "Engineered Arts home page", "publisher": "Engineered Arts", "url": "https://engineeredarts.com/" }, { "id": "hs-ce092d6f0b", "title": "RoboThespian - Engineered Arts", "publisher": "Engineered Arts", "url": "https://vimeo.com/channels/1207353" }, { "id": "hs-5a7d1c5ab6", "title": "Mesmer Animatronics Allows Creatives to Build Realistic Humanoid Robots", "publisher": "Engineering.com", "url": "https://www.engineering.com/mesmer-animatronics-allows-creatives-to-build-realistic-humanoid-robots/" }, { "id": "hs-4fafb68f72", "title": "Tesla AI Day 2022: 'Tesla Is Not a Car Company'", "publisher": "Engineering.com", "url": "https://www.engineering.com/tesla-ai-day-2022-tesla-is-not-a-car-company/" }, { "id": "hs-42eed209cd", "title": "Galaxea AI secures Series B funding", "publisher": "EqualOcean", "url": "https://equalocean.com/news/2026021221744-galaxea-ai-secures-10-billion-rmb-series-b-funding" }, { "id": "hs-51a380b77f", "title": "MagicLab Targets European Logistics With Robotics Showcase and Slovenia Postal Partnership", "publisher": "EqualOcean", "url": "https://equalocean.com/news/2026090822169-magiclab-targets-european-logistics-robotics-showcase-slovenia-postal" }, { "id": "hs-e5c25e565b", "title": "Codroid 02", "publisher": "Estun Codroid", "url": "https://www.codroid.ai/robot-humanoid" }, { "id": "hs-1c13a01617", "title": "Humanoid robot developed to help the elderly", "publisher": "Eureka Magazine", "url": "https://eurekamagazine.co.uk/content/news/humanoid-robot-developed-to-help-the-elderly" }, { "id": "hs-cd3ed90678", "title": "Meet the Mirokaï", "publisher": "Euronews", "url": "https://www.euronews.com/2023/06/19/meet-the-mirokai-ai-robots-from-another-galaxy-set-to-lend-a-helping-hand-in-paris-hospita" }, { "id": "hs-714f7bcdd7", "title": "Humanoid robot stars in Berlin opera", "publisher": "Euronews", "url": "https://www.euronews.com/culture/2015/07/02/humanoid-robot-stars-in-berlin-opera" }, { "id": "hs-56ad028290", "title": "Italian team brings household robot a step closer", "publisher": "Euronews", "url": "https://www.euronews.com/next/2016/08/25/italian-team-brings-household-robot-a-step-closer" }, { "id": "hs-d49a7c61ad", "title": "ECCEROBOT - Embodied Cognition in a Compliantly Engineered Robot (project 231864)", "publisher": "European Commission CORDIS", "url": "https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/231864" }, { "id": "hs-d2e79feea4", "title": "SZ-made robot to shine at Dubai Expo", "publisher": "EyeShenzhen", "url": "https://www.eyeshenzhen.com/content/2021-09/13/content_24565376.htm" }, { "id": "hs-de13d79c94", "title": "Xingxingxia P01 humanoid robot (EyeShenzhen report)", "publisher": "EyeShenzhen", "url": "https://www.eyeshenzhen.com/content/2025-04/30/content_31555401.htm" }, { "id": "hs-84044708cc", "title": "pib@FAU", "publisher": "FAU DigiLLab", "url": "https://www.digillab.fau.de/studien-und-lehrangebot/pibfau-praktische-erfahrungen-und-paedagogische-ableitungen-mit-3d-druck-robotik-und-ki" }, { "id": "hs-3334d51ecf", "title": "Press & Media — About Faraday Future", "publisher": "Faraday Future", "url": "https://www.ff.com/us/press-room/" }, { "id": "hs-608cff0c5a", "title": "Fauna Robotics", "publisher": "Fauna Robotics", "url": "https://faunarobotics.com/" }, { "id": "hs-e456b5e19f", "title": "Feather technology specifications", "publisher": "Feather Robotics", "url": "https://feather.dev/technology" }, { "id": "hs-7ce61dc756", "title": "Fascinating interaction", "publisher": "Festo", "url": "https://www.festo.com/gb/en/e/about-festo/blog/innovation/fascinating-interaction-id_45159/" }, { "id": "hs-5ecae2c8f8", "title": "BotQ: A High-Volume Manufacturing Facility for Humanoid Robots", "publisher": "Figure", "url": "https://www.figure.ai/news/botq" }, { "id": "hs-ed2e3857d5", "title": "Figure Exceeds $1B in Series C Funding at $39B Post-Money Valuation", "publisher": "Figure", "url": "https://www.figure.ai/news/series-c" }, { "id": "hs-957e16020c", "title": "Ramping Figure 03 Production", "publisher": "Figure", "url": "https://www.figure.ai/news/ramping-figure-03-production" }, { "id": "hs-73c638c1d3", "title": "F.02 Decommission", "publisher": "Figure", "url": "https://www.figure.ai/news/f-02-decommission" }, { "id": "hs-4fbdade2db", "title": "Introducing Figure 03", "publisher": "Figure AI", "url": "https://www.figure.ai/news/introducing-figure-03" }, { "id": "hs-9f89adc273", "title": "F.03 Battery Development", "publisher": "Figure AI", "url": "https://www.figure.ai/news/f-03-battery-development" }, { "id": "hs-ed834e20f5", "title": "News", "publisher": "Figure AI", "url": "https://www.figure.ai/news" }, { "id": "hs-59eb9c8c11", "title": "Company | Figure", "publisher": "Figure AI", "url": "https://www.figure.ai/company" }, { "id": "hs-99f05b2d89", "title": "Figure announces $70M Series A to support commercialization of Figure 01 humanoid robot", "publisher": "Figure AI (PR Newswire)", "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/figure-announces-70m-series-a-to-support-commercialization-of-figure-01-humanoid-robot-301832819.html" }, { "id": "hs-b39e12478e", "title": "Figure unveils Figure 02, its second-generation humanoid, setting new standards in AI and robotics", "publisher": "Figure AI (PR Newswire)", "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/figure-unveils-figure-02-its-second-generation-humanoid-setting-new-standards-in-ai-and-robotics-302214889.html" }, { "id": "hs-4b1cb372e6", "title": "Figure announces commercial agreement with BMW Manufacturing to bring general purpose robots into automotive production", "publisher": "Figure AI Inc. (via PR Newswire)", "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/figure-announces-commercial-agreement-with-bmw-manufacturing-to-bring-general-purpose-robots-into-automotive-production-302036263.html" }, { "id": "hs-d837598917", "title": "뉴로메카, 학습 필요 없는 '제로샷' 휴머노이드 공개", "publisher": "Finance Scope", "url": "https://www.finance-scope.com/article/view/scp202601090007" }, { "id": "hs-ffdac9ac83", "title": "Faraday Future launches four industry productivity solutions, nine new EAI devices at its 919 event (Business Wire)", "publisher": "Finviz", "url": "https://finviz.com/news/393653/faraday-future-launches-four-industry-productivity-solutions-nine-new-eai-devices-at-its-919-event-building-its-one-brain-multi-form-multi-capability-ff-eai-robot-world-20-all-new-futurist-now-on-sale-and-master-mini-starts-at-9990" }, { "id": "hs-4a82e3d45f", "title": "Navy Unveils Firefighting Robot Prototype", "publisher": "Fire Engineering", "url": "https://www.fireengineering.com/?p=227668" }, { "id": "hs-9762779e15", "title": "The IHMC Story", "publisher": "Florida Institute for Human & Machine Cognition", "url": "https://www.ihmc.us/aboutihmc/" }, { "id": "hs-89e1af133f", "title": "Next-gen bot", "publisher": "Florida Trend", "url": "https://www.floridatrend.com/regions/northwest/2026/02/28/next-gen-bot/" }, { "id": "hs-b387d03305", "title": "How Figure committed $3.5 billion for AI compute after raising only $1.9 billion", "publisher": "Forbes", "url": "https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnkoetsier/2026/09/04/how-figure-committed-35-billion-for-ai-compute-after-raising-only-19-billion/" }, { "id": "hs-f579cb3ced", "title": "La startup china valuada en US$ 700 millones que quiere competir con Tesla por los robots humanoides", "publisher": "Forbes Argentina", "url": "https://www.forbesargentina.com/innovacion/la-startup-china-valuada-us-700-millones-quiere-competir-tesla-robots-humanoides-n77402" }, { "id": "hs-267a034e76", "title": "AI company Hugging Face buys humanoid robot company Pollen Robotics", "publisher": "Fortune", "url": "https://www.fortune.com/2025/04/14/ai-company-hugging-face-buys-humanoid-robot-company-pollen-robotics-reachy-2" }, { "id": "hs-e0080bd8bd", "title": "RoBee, il robot italiano che lavorerà nelle strutture sanitarie", "publisher": "Fortune Italia", "url": "https://www.fortuneita.com/?p=250892" }, { "id": "hs-10eb2a0be3", "title": "Foundation", "publisher": "Foundation Future Industries", "url": "https://www.foundation.bot/" }, { "id": "hs-c8f9b7217c", "title": "Phantom", "publisher": "Foundation Future Industries", "url": "https://www.foundation.bot/phantom" }, { "id": "hs-3d1cccdd07", "title": "About GR-2", "publisher": "Fourier", "url": "https://support.fftai.com/en/docs/GR-X-Humanoid-Robot/GR2/GR-2_Introduction/" }, { "id": "hs-c68c46998b", "title": "Robot Overview", "publisher": "Fourier", "url": "https://support.fftai.com/en/getting-started/general-information" }, { "id": "hs-ba12393026", "title": "About Fourier N1", "publisher": "Fourier support docs", "url": "https://support-old.fftai.com/en/docs/GR-X-Humanoid-Robot/Fouriern1/N1_Introduction/" }, { "id": "hs-1a2b568be4", "title": "Researchers in China introduce Jia Jia, the 'robot goddess'", "publisher": "Fox News", "url": "https://www.foxnews.com/tech/researchers-in-china-introduce-jia-jia-the-robot-goddess.amp" }, { "id": "hs-a02869424e", "title": "Creepy humanoid robot moves using 1,000 artificial muscles", "publisher": "Fox News", "url": "https://www.foxnews.com/tech/creepy-humanoid-robot-moves-using-1000-eerie-artificial-muscles" }, { "id": "hs-8d4f1a2e45", "title": "World's fastest humanoid robot runs 22 mph", "publisher": "Fox News", "url": "https://www.foxnews.com/tech/worlds-fastest-humanoid-robot-runs-22-mph" }, { "id": "hs-15576b3a0e", "title": "Fujitsu Makes $54,000 Guide Robot", "publisher": "Fox News (Associated Press)", "url": "https://www.foxnews.com/story/fujitsu-makes-54000-guide-robot" }, { "id": "hs-a598b81e03", "title": "Fraunhofer start-up award 2017 for Mojin Robotics", "publisher": "Fraunhofer", "url": "https://www.fraunhofer.de/en/press/research-news/2018/February/fraunhofer_start-up_award_2017_for_mojin_Robotics.html" }, { "id": "hs-ec6adc02ac", "title": "Care-O-bot 4", "publisher": "Fraunhofer IPA", "url": "https://www.care-o-bot.de/en/care-o-bot-4.html" }, { "id": "hs-fff79c2809", "title": "Care-O-bot 4 technical data", "publisher": "Fraunhofer IPA", "url": "https://www.care-o-bot.de/en/care-o-bot-4/technical-data.html" }, { "id": "hs-200deb9457", "title": "Robots as multifunctional gentlemen (press release)", "publisher": "Fraunhofer IPA", "url": "https://www.care-o-bot.de/content/dam/careobot/en/documents/pressreleases/2015_01_15_Care-O-bot_4_en_final.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-a7a524886f", "title": "This AI robot could become your favorite coworker", "publisher": "Freethink", "url": "https://www.freethink.com/hard-tech/ai-robot" }, { "id": "hs-e2151fd457", "title": "UMA shows its hand: Remi Cadene unveils a humanoid robot designed to earn Europe's trust", "publisher": "French Tech Journal", "url": "https://www.frenchtechjournal.com/uma-shows-its-hand-remi-cadene-unveils-a-humanoid-robot-designed-to-earn-europes-trust/" }, { "id": "hs-5427fee2eb", "title": "Mobile Manipulation, Tool Use, and Intuitive Interaction for Cognitive Service Robot Cosero", "publisher": "Frontiers in Robotics and AI (2016)", "url": "https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/robotics-and-ai/articles/10.3389/frobt.2016.00058/pdf" }, { "id": "hs-932e584156", "title": "Fujitsu releases HOAP-1 (10 Sep 2001)", "publisher": "Fujitsu", "url": "https://info.archives.global.fujitsu/en/news/2001/09/10.html" }, { "id": "hs-b3bacc1bd0", "title": "Fujitsu Begins Limited Sales of Service Robot enon", "publisher": "Fujitsu", "url": "https://info.archives.global.fujitsu/global/about/resources/news/press-releases/2005/0913-01.html" }, { "id": "hs-ec1907d831", "title": "About Fujitsu — Corporate Information", "publisher": "Fujitsu", "url": "https://global.fujitsu/en-global/about" }, { "id": "hs-b0a3b24b4c", "title": "富士通フロンテック (Fujitsu Frontech)", "publisher": "Fujitsu Frontech", "url": "https://global.fujitsu/ja-jp/subsidiaries/frontech" }, { "id": "hs-d43809971b", "title": "About GAC Group", "publisher": "GAC Group", "url": "https://www.gacgroup.com/cn/about" }, { "id": "hs-2d3c1deaca", "title": "HRP-4C humanoid looking eerily like a Japanese girl", "publisher": "GIGAZINE", "url": "https://gigazine.net/gsc_news/en/20090316_hrp4c_movie" }, { "id": "hs-78f2c8c1d2", "title": "SOFTBANK announces emotional robot 'Pepper'", "publisher": "GIGAZINE", "url": "https://gigazine.net/gsc_news/en/20140605-softbank-conference" }, { "id": "hs-f027ceb7c9", "title": "Elon Musk announces the prototype of the humanoid robot 'Optimus'", "publisher": "GIGAZINE", "url": "https://gigazine.net/gsc_news/en/20221001-elon-musk-optimus-robot" }, { "id": "hs-5ccf3894e5", "title": "Unitree R1 humanoid robot", "publisher": "GIGAZINE", "url": "https://gigazine.net/gsc_news/en/20250728-unitree-r1-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-b9a47fe190", "title": "Height 158 cm Weight 50 kg, moving movie of humanoid Kenshiro reproducing human skeleton and muscle", "publisher": "GIGAZINE", "url": "https://www.gigazine.net/gsc_news/en/20121222-kenshiro-j" }, { "id": "hs-c85bc0892f", "title": "GITAI Raises an Additional US$15.5 Million in Funding", "publisher": "GITAI", "url": "https://gitai.tech/2024/11/13/gitai-raises-an-additional-us15-5-million-in-funding/" }, { "id": "hs-3a1165ec31", "title": "GITAI Expands Headquarters Office in LA", "publisher": "GITAI", "url": "https://gitai.tech/2024/09/26/gitai-expands-headquarters-office-in-la/" }, { "id": "hs-e5ac9fa447", "title": "GITAI news", "publisher": "GITAI", "url": "https://gitai.tech/news/" }, { "id": "hs-780435d08c", "title": "GM, NASA unveil humanoid robot", "publisher": "GM Authority", "url": "https://gmauthority.com/blog/2010/02/gm-nasa-unveil-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-105794f13c", "title": "GXO Signs Industry-First Multi-Year Agreement with Agility Robotics", "publisher": "GXO Logistics", "url": "https://investors.gxo.com/node/9401/pdf" }, { "id": "hs-cfadb6c7c3", "title": "Kiyomori (quoting Wired)", "publisher": "Gadling", "url": "https://gadling.com/?p=11911" }, { "id": "hs-113c0b4b99", "title": "Galaxea R1", "publisher": "Galaxea AI", "url": "https://www.galaxea-ai.com/products/R1" }, { "id": "hs-bc036071d9", "title": "Galaxea Kengo bipedal robot", "publisher": "Galaxea Dynamics", "url": "https://galaxea-dynamics.com/products/galaxea-kengo-proprietary-embodied-ai-bipedal-robot" }, { "id": "hs-1d4d93e3f5", "title": "Galaxea Dynamics", "publisher": "Galaxea Dynamics", "url": "https://galaxea-dynamics.com/" }, { "id": "hs-3b4d7f24d8", "title": "UBTECH Reports 1.27 Billion Yuan in First-Half Revenue, Sells 921 Full-Size Humanoid Robots", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/market-industry/ubtech-reports-127-billion-yuan-in-first-half-revenue-sells-921-full-size-humanoid-robots-2094660109459607553" }, { "id": "hs-034a34a3e8", "title": "CES 2026: Fourier Intelligence unveils full-size humanoid robot GR-3", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/ces-2026-fourier-intelligence-unveils-full-size-humanoid-robot-gr-3-2008896810972438528" }, { "id": "hs-6677ff3bb3", "title": "XPENG unveils next-generation humanoid robot IRON, to begin mass production by end of 2026", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/xpeng-unveils-next-generation-humanoid-robot-iron-to-begin-mass-production-by-end-of-2026-70039692" }, { "id": "hs-202ceb224b", "title": "CES 2026: MagicLab unveils multiple robots", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/ces-2026-magiclab-unveils-multiple-robots-2008877071130783744" }, { "id": "hs-f2e9a9a0b4", "title": "GAC Group launches in-house developed humanoid robot 'GoMate'", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/ev/gac-group-launches-in-house-developed-humanoid-robot-gomate-70035533" }, { "id": "hs-d301ec0964", "title": "UBTECH secures 250-million-yuan humanoid robot order", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/ubtech-secures-250-million-yuan-humanoid-robot-order-70038880" }, { "id": "hs-7260ff8f4e", "title": "WRC 2026 | Vbot Officially Unveils ATOM Humanoid Robot", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/wrc-2026-vbot-officially-unveils-atom-humanoid-robot-2090693439292465153" }, { "id": "hs-e04c343a1b", "title": "BYD's Humanoid Robot to Debut in August", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/byds-humanoid-robot-to-debut-in-august-2083025852018163713" }, { "id": "hs-41c9545a30", "title": "WAIC 2026 | PNDbotics unveils stair-climbing robot in first public debut", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/waic-2026-pndbotics-unveils-stair-climbing-robot-in-first-public-debut-2079203963885813760" }, { "id": "hs-1d4045db4a", "title": "FF unveils three robots, full-size humanoid priced at $35,000", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/other/ff-unveils-three-robots-full-size-humanoid-priced-at-35000-2019428620110364672" }, { "id": "hs-59e4db8924", "title": "UniX AI Launches Panther Series Embodied AI Robots", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/unix-ai-launches-panther-series-embodied-ai-robots-2022684159506386945" }, { "id": "hs-c0e3bf2d67", "title": "Seeds | Beijing Humanoid Completes First Round of Market Financing Exceeding 700 Million Yuan", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/other/seeds-beijing-humanoid-completes-first-round-of-market-financing-exceeding-700-million-yuan-2018715413666177025" }, { "id": "hs-52e00e2f3f", "title": "Seeds | Yue Quan Bionics completes hundreds of millions of yuan Pre-A+ funding round", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/ICV/seeds-yue-quan-bionics-completes-hundreds-of-millions-of-yuan-pre-a-funding-round-2079581800832667649" }, { "id": "hs-d05d3b09a9", "title": "Kinetix AI unveils 115 degrees of freedom full-size humanoid robot 'KAI'", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/kinetix-ai-unveils-115-degrees-of-freedom-full-size-humanoid-robot-kai-2049496172098633729" }, { "id": "hs-c915cab10b", "title": "Galaxea Dynamics unveils bipedal humanoid robot Kengo", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/product-launch-galaxea-dynamics-unveils-bipedal-humanoid-robot-kengo-2062159428718252032" }, { "id": "hs-345cde6a48", "title": "Guang Gu Dong Zhi unveils Photon Robot Lumen S1", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/market-industry/guang-gu-dong-zhi-unveils-photon-robot-lumen-s1-2020008232704008192" }, { "id": "hs-9ce19396ae", "title": "RoboScience Launches REX G1 Wheeled Humanoid Robot", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/icv/roboscience-launches-rex-g1-wheeled-humanoid-robot-2089717721930678273" }, { "id": "hs-295e8183b8", "title": "WRC 2026 | RoboScience REX G1 Wheeled Humanoid General-Purpose Robot Debuts", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/wrc-2026-roboscience-rex-g1-wheeled-humanoid-general-purpose-robot-debuts-2090696947894865921" }, { "id": "hs-d5264f616c", "title": "TianGong 3.0 to enter mass delivery in H2 2026", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/market-industry/beijing-innovation-center-of-humanoid-robotics-tiangong-30-to-enter-mass-delivery-in-h2-2026-2064271997591465985" }, { "id": "hs-e22731321b", "title": "WAIC 2026: MagicLab launches three new robot products", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/other/waic-2026-magiclab-launches-three-new-robot-products-embodied-intelligence-accelerates-entry-into-factories-and-public-scenarios-2079099620004175873" }, { "id": "hs-7dc60ffde0", "title": "Galbot completes new funding round, raising nearly 5 billion yuan in three months", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/seeds-galbot-completes-new-funding-round-raising-nearly-5-billion-yuan-in-three-months-2028713877083000832" }, { "id": "hs-17c373e21f", "title": "Astribot completes over 1 billion yuan Series B financing round", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/seeds-astribot-completes-over-1-billion-yuan-series-b-financing-round-2062155019816882177" }, { "id": "hs-5a49c9aa1d", "title": "Booster Robotics completes nearly 1 billion yuan financing", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/market-industry/embodied-ai-company-booster-robotics-completes-nearly-1-billion-financing-2046225660790435840" }, { "id": "hs-2fe3f57ef8", "title": "Noetix Robotics closes Series B funding", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/seeds-noetix-robotics-closes-series-b-funding-2028663311418028032" }, { "id": "hs-d4ff9a5d06", "title": "Unitree surges 629% at open, market cap exceeds 400 billion yuan", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/unitree-surges-629-at-open-one-lot-yields-up-to-470000-yuan-market-cap-exceeds-400-billion-yuan-2090018320131842049" }, { "id": "hs-469558df24", "title": "AgiBot Launches Hong Kong IPO Process", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/ICV/agibot-launches-hong-kong-ipo-process-2082120389458100225" }, { "id": "hs-6173f399fc", "title": "UBTECH 2025 'Report Card': Revenue from Full-Size Humanoid Robots Grows Over 22-Fold", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/ubtech-2025-report-card-revenue-from-full-size-humanoid-robots-grows-over-22-fold-2039900685372407808" }, { "id": "hs-7c0dfc9328", "title": "Raising Nearly 5 Billion in 3 Months, Valuation Topping 20 Billion: What Makes GALBOT Stand Out", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/icv/raising-nearly-5-billion-in-3-months-valuation-topping-20-billion-what-makes-galbot-stand-2028720517496729601" }, { "id": "hs-75d23dd295", "title": "MagicLab Starts Construction of 10,000-Unit Production Line", "publisher": "Gasgoo", "url": "https://autonews.gasgoo.com/articles/news/magiclab-starts-construction-of-10000-unit-production-line-2085609226494775297" }, { "id": "hs-06409461ed", "title": "InMoov: The Robot You Can 3D Print", "publisher": "Gaël Langevin (Make:)", "url": "https://makezine.com/projects/inmoov-the-robot-you-can-3d-print/" }, { "id": "hs-50db83b918", "title": "Agility Robotics reportedly raising $400M", "publisher": "GeekWire", "url": "https://www.geekwire.com/2025/agility-robotics-reportedly-raising-400m-for-humanoid-warehouse-robots/" }, { "id": "hs-a9ccd225e1", "title": "Estun investor Q&A on Codroid 02", "publisher": "Gelonghui", "url": "https://m.gelonghui.com/live/2649158" }, { "id": "hs-e94233f0a4", "title": "Romeo, NAO's big brother robot", "publisher": "Generation Robots", "url": "https://www.generationrobots.com/blog/en/romeo-naos-big-brother-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-49ead08948", "title": "Booster T1 humanoid robot", "publisher": "Generation Robots", "url": "https://www.generationrobots.com/en/404278-booster-t1-humanoid-robot.html" }, { "id": "hs-5758d976d1", "title": "Booster K1 humanoid robot", "publisher": "Generation Robots", "url": "https://www.generationrobots.com/en/404324-booster-k1-humanoid-robot-2030.html" }, { "id": "hs-efe9186565", "title": "About Georgia Tech", "publisher": "Georgia Institute of Technology", "url": "https://www.gatech.edu/about" }, { "id": "hs-62a1aa4888", "title": "Socially Intelligent Machines Lab", "publisher": "Georgia Tech College of Computing", "url": "https://sites.cc.gatech.edu/social-machines/" }, { "id": "hs-b543bec2e8", "title": "Teaching Robots to Move Like Humans", "publisher": "Georgia Tech News (Mercury)", "url": "https://www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu/node/64794" }, { "id": "hs-ff3bc90d8f", "title": "Agile Justin", "publisher": "German Aerospace Center (DLR)", "url": "https://www.dlr.de/en/rm/research/robotic-systems/humanoids/agile-justin" }, { "id": "hs-8d827ebbd4", "title": "Breakthrough in robotics research with adaptive AI", "publisher": "German Aerospace Center (DLR)", "url": "https://www.dlr.de/en/latest/news/2023/03/robot-grips-intuitively-and-moves-objects-like-a-human" }, { "id": "hs-6a6de9e71c", "title": "Rollin’ Justin", "publisher": "German Aerospace Center (DLR)", "url": "https://www.dlr.de/de/rm/forschung/robotersysteme/humanoide/rollin-justin" }, { "id": "hs-48164c5d0e", "title": "Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics", "publisher": "German Aerospace Center (DLR)", "url": "https://www.dlr.de/en/rm/" }, { "id": "hs-7900eecbc4", "title": "Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics", "publisher": "German Aerospace Center (DLR)", "url": "https://www.dlr.de/en/rm" }, { "id": "hs-a759c1781c", "title": "Agile Justin", "publisher": "German Aerospace Center (DLR)", "url": "https://www.dlr.de/de/rm/forschung/robotersysteme/humanoide/agile-justin" }, { "id": "hs-f51426ac14", "title": "Rollin' Justin", "publisher": "German Aerospace Center (DLR) Institute of Robotics and Mechatronics", "url": "https://www.dlr.de/en/rm/research/robotic-systems/humanoids/rollin-justin" }, { "id": "hs-daae03af5f", "title": "Robotics Innovation Center", "publisher": "German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI)", "url": "https://www.dfki.de/web/forschung/forschungsbereiche/robotics-innovation-center" }, { "id": "hs-20ed0b180d", "title": "Figure 03", "publisher": "Gigazine", "url": "https://gigazine.net/gsc_news/en/20251010-figure-03" }, { "id": "hs-984e8463f4", "title": "The iCub project: an open source platform for research in embodied cognition", "publisher": "Giorgio Metta / Italian Institute of Technology (MIT-hosted lecture)", "url": "https://www.mit.edu/~9.520/spring12/slides/class24/icub-boston-smaller.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-aef8f15a1d", "title": "DISCOVERSE simulator repository (MMK2 model, release log)", "publisher": "GitHub (DISCOVER Robotics)", "url": "https://github.com/DISCOVER-Robotics/DISCOVERSE" }, { "id": "hs-243f7a6d51", "title": "berkeley-humanoid-lite codebase", "publisher": "GitHub (Hybrid Robotics)", "url": "https://github.com/hybridrobotics/berkeley-humanoid-lite" }, { "id": "hs-926d59031c", "title": "icub-tech-iit", "publisher": "GitHub (IIT)", "url": "https://www.github.com/icub-tech-iit" }, { "id": "hs-96f630884f", "title": "AgiBot-World repository README (release timeline)", "publisher": "GitHub (OpenDriveLab)", "url": "https://github.com/OpenDriveLab/AgiBot-World" }, { "id": "hs-f6a6688e7d", "title": "poppy-project/poppy-humanoid", "publisher": "GitHub (Poppy Project)", "url": "https://github.com/poppy-project/poppy-humanoid" }, { "id": "hs-c7812e45c2", "title": "asimov-v1 repository", "publisher": "GitHub (asimovinc)", "url": "https://github.com/asimovinc/asimov-v1/" }, { "id": "hs-97ed2757ff", "title": "rtmros_hironx (HIRO/NEXTAGE OPEN ROS software)", "publisher": "GitHub (start-jsk)", "url": "https://github.com/start-jsk/rtmros_hironx" }, { "id": "hs-b30b1db2b0", "title": "agibot_x1_hardware (open-source hardware repository)", "publisher": "GitHub / AgibotTech", "url": "https://github.com/AgibotTech/agibot_x1_hardware" }, { "id": "hs-d9faa6391e", "title": "jaxon_description (robot model)", "publisher": "GitHub robot-descriptions", "url": "https://github.com/robot-descriptions/jaxon_description" }, { "id": "hs-d038156631", "title": "SmartPal VII at the 2011 International Robot Exhibition", "publisher": "Gizmodo Japan", "url": "https://www.gizmodo.jp/article/kinect_7/" }, { "id": "hs-b30a7bf847", "title": "1X opens NEO Factory", "publisher": "GlobeNewswire", "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2026/04/30/3285118/0/en/1X-opens-NEO-Factory.html" }, { "id": "hs-68bb40f195", "title": "Shashua's Mentee Robotics unveils robot for manual work", "publisher": "Globes", "url": "https://en.globes.co.il/en/article-1001501983" }, { "id": "hs-7598825281", "title": "Guanggu Dongzhi home page", "publisher": "Guanggu Dongzhi", "url": "https://www.hecbot.cn/" }, { "id": "hs-263dde4ab9", "title": "Lumen series products", "publisher": "Guanggu Dongzhi (HEC)", "url": "https://www.hecbot.cn/product.html?type=22#product-overview" }, { "id": "hs-2feaa61cf5", "title": "Dalu (CloudMinds) XR4 'Xiaozi' launched at WAIC 2024", "publisher": "Guangming Online (China News Service)", "url": "https://m.gmw.cn/2024-07/06/content_1303783678.htm" }, { "id": "hs-2328199653", "title": "Longest journey walked by a humanoid robot", "publisher": "Guinness World Records", "url": "https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/780227-longest-journey-walked-by-a-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-44da589188", "title": "LEAP 2023 report on robot Sara", "publisher": "Gulf Daily News", "url": "https://www.gdnonline.com/Details/1174103" }, { "id": "hs-3187d9f1d5", "title": "Pal Technology launches new robot", "publisher": "Gulf News", "url": "https://gulfnews.com/amp/story/technology%2Fpal-technology-launches-new-robot-1.111579" }, { "id": "hs-bdb88484fb", "title": "ISRO to send humanoid Vyommitra first into space", "publisher": "Gulf News", "url": "https://gulfnews.com/technology/isro-to-send-humanoid-vyommitra-first-into-space-1.1579699915584" }, { "id": "hs-e39827abe2", "title": "China's first humanoid robot enrolls in PhD in Drama and Film", "publisher": "Gulf News", "url": "https://gulfnews.com/world/chinas-first-humanoid-robot-enrolls-in-phd-in-drama-and-film-sparks-major-controversy-1.500221600" }, { "id": "hs-b01268e0cd", "title": "UBTECH 2025 annual results announcement", "publisher": "HKEXnews", "url": "https://www1.hkexnews.hk/listedco/listconews/sehk/2026/0331/2026033102607.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-edcc557d65", "title": "About HONOR Brand", "publisher": "HONOR", "url": "https://www.honor.com/global/brand/" }, { "id": "hs-45744a5729", "title": "Adım atan robot \"Akıncı-4\" görücüye çıktı", "publisher": "Habertürk (Anadolu Agency)", "url": "https://yerel-haberler.haberturk.com/konya-haberleri/adim-atan-robot-akinci-4-gorucuye-cikti-16587473" }, { "id": "hs-a8d6aa25da", "title": "Yerli robotlar arasında teknoloji sohbeti", "publisher": "Habertürk (İhlas Haber Ajansı)", "url": "https://yerel-haberler.haberturk.com/konya-haberleri/yerli-robotlar-arasinda-teknoloji-sohbeti-67494511" }, { "id": "hs-81791bb696", "title": "Sophia the Robot's Little Sister Launches on Kickstarter", "publisher": "Hackster.io", "url": "https://www.hackster.io/news/sophia-the-robot-s-little-sister-launches-on-kickstarter-d5ea09fcc30a" }, { "id": "hs-b75267c1f7", "title": "从家务机器人到智慧康养，海尔智家抢占3大战略新机遇", "publisher": "Haier", "url": "https://www.haier.com/about_haier/xinwen/20260224_287248.shtml" }, { "id": "hs-076300508d", "title": "LG AI-equipped Korean humanoid unveiled for the first time", "publisher": "Hankyung (Korea Economic Daily)", "url": "https://www.hankyung.com/article/2025111324581" }, { "id": "hs-f706d27c4c", "title": "Hanson Robotics Announces Little Sophia, New Educational STEM Companion For Kids 7 to 13", "publisher": "Hanson Robotics (GlobeNewswire)", "url": "https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2019/01/30/1707660/0/en/Hanson-Robotics-Announces-Little-Sophia-New-Educational-STEM-Companion-For-Kids-7-to-13.html" }, { "id": "hs-09ad10890e", "title": "A Multi-Configuration Track-Legged Humanoid Robot for Dexterous Manipulation and High Mobility: Design and Development (IEEE RA-L, 2023)", "publisher": "Harbin Institute of Technology research portal", "url": "https://hit.globalimpact.cn/en/publications/a-multi-configuration-track-legged-humanoid-robot-for-dexterous-m/" }, { "id": "hs-f0ca4f96f8", "title": "Foxconn to Deploy Nvidia-Powered Humanoid Robots on Production Lines Within Six Months", "publisher": "Hardware Busters", "url": "https://hwbusters.com/news/foxconn-to-deploy-nvidia-powered-humanoid-robots-on-production-lines-within-six-months/" }, { "id": "hs-539f1b2aa9", "title": "HatsuMuv", "publisher": "HatsuMuv", "url": "https://www.hatsumuv.com/" }, { "id": "hs-864d5a9d09", "title": "Westinghouse Collection", "publisher": "Heinz History Center", "url": "https://www.heinzhistorycenter.org/research/collection-highlights/westinghouse-collection/" }, { "id": "hs-da437daddf", "title": "KIST-LG next-generation humanoid KAPEX", "publisher": "Hello T", "url": "https://www.hellot.net/mobile/article.html?no=106081" }, { "id": "hs-fc6b44f857", "title": "AeiROBOT ALICE 4 and ALICE M1 collaboration demo at FIX 2025", "publisher": "Hello T (hellot.net)", "url": "https://hellot.net/news/article.html?no=106541" }, { "id": "hs-f34f64d27f", "title": "Henrik Scharfe — CV", "publisher": "Henrik Scharfe", "url": "https://henrikscharfe.com/cv/" }, { "id": "hs-174f1c095c", "title": "Hexagon Robotics: AEON", "publisher": "Hexagon", "url": "https://robotics.hexagon.com/" }, { "id": "hs-b35e20bf20", "title": "Hexagon launches AEON, a humanoid built for industry", "publisher": "Hexagon Robotics", "url": "https://robotics.hexagon.com/hexagon-launches-aeon-a-humanoid-built-for-industry/" }, { "id": "hs-fc7e8ee6bb", "title": "Mini Pi plus", "publisher": "HighTorque Robotics", "url": "https://www.hightorquerobotics.com/mini-pi" }, { "id": "hs-285d322107", "title": "Highlanders、国産ヒューマノイドロボット量産化に向け始動", "publisher": "Highlanders via PR TIMES", "url": "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000007.000156831.html" }, { "id": "hs-13d235d05c", "title": "Robots", "publisher": "Hiroshi Ishiguro Laboratories, Osaka University", "url": "https://eng.irl.sys.es.osaka-u.ac.jp/robot" }, { "id": "hs-d02fbcc6d3", "title": "Elektro (detail)", "publisher": "History of Information", "url": "https://historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=3129" }, { "id": "hs-d3e848e83b", "title": "EMIEW: development and Expo 2005 demonstration", "publisher": "Hitachi", "url": "https://www.hitachi.co.jp/New/cnews/month/2007/11/1121.html" }, { "id": "hs-003f33a18c", "title": "Hitachi news release on EMIEW, 15 March 2005", "publisher": "Hitachi", "url": "https://www.hitachi.com/New/cnews/050315a.html" }, { "id": "hs-c07be7027c", "title": "EMIEW3 and robotics IT platform news release, 8 April 2016", "publisher": "Hitachi", "url": "https://www.hitachi.com/en/press/articles/2016/04/0408/" }, { "id": "hs-6895978ea6", "title": "About Us — Hitachi Group", "publisher": "Hitachi", "url": "https://www.hitachi.com/en/about/" }, { "id": "hs-66c2346b1e", "title": "Humanoid Robots", "publisher": "Hitachi Review", "url": "https://www.hitachi.com/ICSFiles/afieldfile/2009/09/14/r2009_04_105.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-5e71c8fbef", "title": "Justin humanoid robot becomes mobile", "publisher": "Hizook", "url": "https://hizook.com/justin-humanoid-robot-becomes-mobile-grows-variable-footprint-4-wheeled-base/" }, { "id": "hs-976b83b089", "title": "Agile Justin: DLR's Rollin' Justin Gets a Younger, More Agile Brother", "publisher": "Hizook", "url": "https://hizook.com/agile-justin-dlrs-rollin-justin-gets-younger-more-agile-brother-pair-combines-some-p/" }, { "id": "hs-e44d16e156", "title": "About Hon Hai", "publisher": "Hon Hai Technology Group (Foxconn)", "url": "https://www.foxconn.com/en-us/about/group-profile" }, { "id": "hs-519f901798", "title": "History of Robotics Development", "publisher": "Honda", "url": "https://global.honda/en/ASIMO/history/" }, { "id": "hs-2b47b0efd6", "title": "Honda Debuts New Humanoid Robot ASIMO (20 Nov 2000)", "publisher": "Honda", "url": "https://global.honda/en/newsroom/news/2000/c001120b-eng.html" }, { "id": "hs-a2d092f1f3", "title": "Honda Debuts New ASIMO (13 Dec 2005)", "publisher": "Honda", "url": "https://global.honda/en/newsroom/news/2005/c051213-asimo-eng.html" }, { "id": "hs-134ef5224c", "title": "Honda Unveils All-new ASIMO (8 Nov 2011)", "publisher": "Honda", "url": "https://global.honda/en/newsroom/news/2011/c111108aeng.html" }, { "id": "hs-6055da5dbd", "title": "About ASIMO", "publisher": "Honda", "url": "https://global.honda/en/ASIMO/about/" }, { "id": "hs-358fb506e2", "title": "Honda’s P2 Humanoid Robot: Control Technologies Behind Technical Benchmark for Autonomous Bipedal Walking", "publisher": "Honda", "url": "https://global.honda/en/tech/robotics/P2/IEEE/" }, { "id": "hs-fdac8d6f43", "title": "Honda Unveils All-new ASIMO with Significant Advancements", "publisher": "Honda", "url": "https://hondanews.com/en-US/honda-corporate/releases/release-cd29e4c7c8894378a86a3534ed615459-honda-unveils-all-new-asimo-with-significant-advancements" }, { "id": "hs-d49e77b8d5", "title": "Company Overview", "publisher": "Honda Motor Co., Ltd.", "url": "https://global.honda/en/about/overview.html?from=about" }, { "id": "hs-8b1d595bfb", "title": "Robotic caregiver helps carry patients in healthcare facilities", "publisher": "HospiMedica", "url": "https://www.hospimedica.com/patient-care/articles/294725405/robotic-caregiver-helps-carry-patients-in-healhtcare-facilities.html" }, { "id": "hs-d84997a5b1", "title": "Dynamaid, an Anthropomorphic Robot for Research on Domestic Service Applications", "publisher": "Hrcak (journal article)", "url": "https://hrcak.srce.hr/en/76073" }, { "id": "hs-f36018f702", "title": "HopeJR and Reachy Mini open-source robot announcement", "publisher": "Hugging Face", "url": "https://huggingface.co/posts/clem/522668354429256" }, { "id": "hs-218a67a025", "title": "Humanoid unveils record-breaking bipedal robot walking 48 hours after assembly", "publisher": "Humanoid (SKL Robotics Ltd)", "url": "https://thehumanoid.ai/humanoid-unveils-record-breaking-bipedal-robot-walking-48-hours-after-assembly/" }, { "id": "hs-a4ebbc2953", "title": "HMND 01 Alpha Bipedal", "publisher": "Humanoid (SKL Robotics Ltd)", "url": "https://thehumanoid.ai/hmnd-01" }, { "id": "hs-fed93c2d67", "title": "Humanoid (home page and press list)", "publisher": "Humanoid (SKL Robotics Ltd)", "url": "https://thehumanoid.ai/" }, { "id": "hs-caa0774f62", "title": "Generative Bionics unveils GENE.01 at CES 2026", "publisher": "Humanoid Robotics Technology", "url": "https://humanoidroboticstechnology.com/industry-news/generative-bionics-unveils-gene-01-at-ces-2026/" }, { "id": "hs-40105274a7", "title": "Figure retires the F.02", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/figure-retires-the-f-02-battle-scarred-robots-30-000-bmws-and-hard-lessons-learned" }, { "id": "hs-21e2ae2a81", "title": "Fauna Robotics exits stealth with Sprout", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/fauna-robotics-exits-stealth-with-sprout-a-soft-bodied-humanoid-for-the-messy-reality-of-shared-spaces" }, { "id": "hs-025a69ca6c", "title": "DEEP Robotics unveils DR02, an all-weather humanoid for industrial work", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/deep-robotics-unveils-dr02-an-all-weather-humanoid-for-industrial-work" }, { "id": "hs-893af130b3", "title": "Borg Robotics reveals modular Borg 01 humanoid focused on industrial work", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/borg-robotics-reveals-modular-borg-01-humanoid-focused-on-industrial-work" }, { "id": "hs-f5ba028ac7", "title": "Meet Eggie: Tangible Robotics joins the wheeled humanoid race", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/meet-eggie-tangible-robotics-joins-the-wheeled-humanoid-race-betting-on-dexterous-hands" }, { "id": "hs-449caab8b0", "title": "Matrix Robotics enters the mass production race with the $99,000 MATRIX-3", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/matrix-robotics-enters-the-mass-production-race-with-the-99-000-matrix-3" }, { "id": "hs-2a14b67916", "title": "The $1,688 appliance bet: Nori Robotics launches wheeled bimanual manipulator", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/the-1-688-appliance-bet-nori-robotics-launches-wheeled-bimanual-manipulator" }, { "id": "hs-1c37bc5a46", "title": "Asimov launches $15,000 'Here Be Dragons' DIY humanoid kit", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/asimov-launches-15-000-here-be-dragons-diy-humanoid-kit" }, { "id": "hs-52865bd4a7", "title": "Asimov 1 DIY humanoid kits begin shipping as team details final costs", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/asimov-1-diy-humanoid-kits-begin-shipping-as-team-details-final-costs" }, { "id": "hs-055323a95f", "title": "Menlo Research open-sources Asimov v1", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/menlo-research-open-sources-asimov-v1-releasing-cad-and-simulation-files-for-the-rest-of-us" }, { "id": "hs-409d8fc8d5", "title": "Galbot Teases ET1 Bipedal Humanoid Ahead of WRC 2026 Debut", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/galbot-teases-et1-bipedal-humanoid-ahead-of-wrc-2026-debut" }, { "id": "hs-fa3868e1c0", "title": "Galbot Prices ET1 Humanoid From 79,000 Yuan Across Three Versions", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/galbot-et1-price-three-versions" }, { "id": "hs-108ed21c32", "title": "Feather launches $30,000 wheeled humanoid for developers with $7.6M funding", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/feather-launches-30000-wheeled-humanoid-developers-7-6m-funding" }, { "id": "hs-0572657251", "title": "Kinetix AI unveils KAI, a 115-DoF humanoid", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/kinetix-ai-unveils-kai-a-115-dof-humanoid-aiming-for-physical-intelligence" }, { "id": "hs-f1915a55f9", "title": "Lightberry unveils Lumi, a $40k interactive humanoid built on a Unitree core", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/lightberry-unveils-lumi-a-40k-interactive-humanoid-built-on-a-unitree-core" }, { "id": "hs-93a3445790", "title": "Beijing's newest humanoid Tiangong 3.0 breaks cover with parkour and open-source ambitions", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/beijing-s-newest-humanoid-tiangong-3-0-breaks-cover-with-parkour-and-open-source-ambitions" }, { "id": "hs-07d5f8466f", "title": "Russia's AIdol humanoid robot takes a tumble during Moscow debut", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/feed/russia-s-aidol-humanoid-robot-takes-a-tumble-during-moscow-debut" }, { "id": "hs-6532e1044e", "title": "Robotera Reaches $1.4 Billion Valuation in RMB 1 Billion Strategic Round", "publisher": "Humanoids Daily", "url": "https://www.humanoidsdaily.com/news/robotera-reaches-1-4-billion-valuation-in-rmb-1-billion-strategic-round" }, { "id": "hs-d430e8c1b3", "title": "Turkey's first humanoid robotics factory opens", "publisher": "Hurriyet Daily News", "url": "https://hurriyetdailynews.com/turkeys-first-humanoid-robotics-factory-opens-121923" }, { "id": "hs-8ed6f91adb", "title": "Watch Boston Dynamics' Atlas Robots Dominate a Parkour Course", "publisher": "Hypebeast", "url": "https://hypebeast.com/2021/08/boston-dynamics-atlas-robot-parkour-watch" }, { "id": "hs-b1750b19e7", "title": "Corporate Strategy", "publisher": "Hyundai Motor Group", "url": "https://www.hyundaimotorgroup.com/en/about-us/strategy" }, { "id": "hs-98015f2954", "title": "ARTEMIS Scores At RoboCup 2024", "publisher": "I Programmer", "url": "https://www.i-programmer.info/news/169-robotics/17378-artemis-scores-at-robocup-2024.html" }, { "id": "hs-8088be486d", "title": "Promobot news item", "publisher": "ICT.az", "url": "https://ict.az/en/news/4650" }, { "id": "hs-073f2a461a", "title": "Biologically inspired joint control for a humanoid robot (IEEE-RAS Humanoids 2004)", "publisher": "IEEE", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/ichr.2004.1442133" }, { "id": "hs-7cf0d1b17d", "title": "Evolving a locus based gait for a humanoid robot (IROS 2003)", "publisher": "IEEE", "url": "https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2003.1248879" }, { "id": "hs-b329ffd41b", "title": "These Humanoid Robots Could Kick Your Asimo", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/these-humanoid-robots-could-kick-your-asimo" }, { "id": "hs-3ed67c6046", "title": "Hiroshi Ishiguro: The Man Who Made a Copy of Himself", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/hiroshi-ishiguro-the-man-who-made-a-copy-of-himself" }, { "id": "hs-4be35cfdab", "title": "Iran Unveils Its Most Advanced Humanoid Robot Yet", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/iran-surena-iv-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-ef29a883a5", "title": "Hubo II Humanoid Robot Is Lighter and Faster, Makes His Creator Proud", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/033010-hubo-ii-humanoid-robot-is-lighter-and-faster" }, { "id": "hs-cd84e81c2b", "title": "First Video of Boston Dynamics PETMAN Biped (26 Oct 2009)", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/robotics-software/first-video-of-boston-dynamics-petman-biped" }, { "id": "hs-0faef2ee75", "title": "Boston Dynamics Biped Petman Achieves 4.4 mph", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/boston-dynamics-biped-petman-achieves-44mph" }, { "id": "hs-55e357225a", "title": "Next Generation of Boston Dynamics' Atlas Robot", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/next-generation-of-boston-dynamics-atlas-robot" }, { "id": "hs-1c45844a15", "title": "Who Is SCHAFT, the Robot Company Bought by Google and Winner of the DRC?", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/schaft-robot-company-bought-by-google-darpa-robotics-challenge-winner" }, { "id": "hs-1f373616b6", "title": "Virginia Tech's Robots Will Save You From Disasters", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/amp/virginia-techs-robots-will-save-you-from-disasters-2650272305" }, { "id": "hs-11c23fb067", "title": "WALK-MAN humanoid robot (IIT)", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/walkman-humanoid-robot-iit" }, { "id": "hs-64bc226e69", "title": "Aldebaran Robotics Introduces Romeo (Finally)", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/aldebaran-robotics-introduces-romeo-finally" }, { "id": "hs-b0feda07f9", "title": "UBTECH upgrades Walker humanoid robot", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/ubtech-upgrades-walker-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-b2e488f419", "title": "Toyota gets back into humanoid robots with new T-HR3", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/toyota-gets-back-into-humanoid-robots-with-new-thr3" }, { "id": "hs-356526d391", "title": "IROS 2017: Honda Unveils Prototype E2-DR Disaster Response Robot", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/iros-2017-honda-unveils-prototype-e2dr-disaster-response-robot" }, { "id": "hs-78b2af912a", "title": "This Robot Can Do More Push-Ups Because It Sweats", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/humanoids/this-robot-can-do-more-pushups-because-it-sweats" }, { "id": "hs-6f866deeb6", "title": "Stanford humanoid submarine robot", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/stanford-humanoid-submarine-robot" }, { "id": "hs-ca7b5c63d5", "title": "Agility Robotics Introduces Cassie, a Dynamic and Talented Robot Delivery Ostrich", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/agility-robotics-introduces-cassie-a-dynamic-and-talented-robot-delivery-ostrich" }, { "id": "hs-9ba602c997", "title": "Russian humanoid robot to pilot Soyuz capsule to ISS this week", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/space-robots/russian-humanoid-robot-to-pilot-soyuz-capsule-to-iss-this-week" }, { "id": "hs-0389488249", "title": "Moxi prototype from Diligent Robotics starts helping out in hospitals", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/moxi-prototype-from-diligent-robotics-starts-helping-out-in-hospitals" }, { "id": "hs-268b6887db", "title": "Boardwalk Robotics Alex humanoid", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/boardwalk-robotics-alex-humanoid" }, { "id": "hs-520127febd", "title": "Video Friday: Fourier Intelligence", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/video-friday-fourier-intelligence" }, { "id": "hs-10489dc266", "title": "China humanoid robot marathon", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/china-humanoid-robot-marathon" }, { "id": "hs-2fffacd4cd", "title": "Humanoid robot TRI Punyo", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/humanoid-robot-tri-punyo" }, { "id": "hs-01951b5f3b", "title": "Rethink Robotics, pioneer of collaborative robots, shuts down", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/rethink-robotics-pioneer-of-collaborative-robots-shuts-down" }, { "id": "hs-87f28392da", "title": "Cartwheel Robotics wants to build humanoids that people love", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/cartwheel-robotics-humanoid" }, { "id": "hs-d720666044", "title": "Video Friday: BRUCE", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/video-friday-bruce" }, { "id": "hs-88d4e70cf9", "title": "Meet Geminoid F, a Smiling Female Android", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/040310-geminoid-f-hiroshi-ishiguro-unveils-new-smiling-female-android" }, { "id": "hs-be052c7b3b", "title": "Willow Garage Sells First PR2 Robots", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/willow-garage-sells-first-pr2-robots" }, { "id": "hs-5a43e7e362", "title": "Virginia Tech Humanoid Robot CHARLI Walks Tall", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/042810-virginia-tech-humanoid-robot-charli-walks-tall" }, { "id": "hs-9acc90947e", "title": "Kojiro Humanoid Robot Mimics Your Musculoskeletal System", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/kojiro-musculoskeletal-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-bf4e7adf4b", "title": "This Humanoid Robot Gets Pushed Around But Stays on Its Feet (COMAN)", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/iit-coman-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-fd8f49e8b4", "title": "Latest Geminoid Is Disturbingly Realistic", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/latest-geminoid-is-disturbingly-realistic" }, { "id": "hs-ae3d7f7ed9", "title": "ECCE Anthropomimetic Robot Copies Inner Structures of Human Body", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/eccerobot-anthropomimetic-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-fd580751af", "title": "Video: Meka Robotics Talks Up its Anime-Style Expressive Head", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/interview-meka-robotics-talks-up-its-animestyle-expressive-head" }, { "id": "hs-a78846287d", "title": "Humanoid Robot Octavia Helps Humans Fight Fires", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/iros-2012-octavia-helps-humans-fight-fires" }, { "id": "hs-a1091c912f", "title": "Robot Baby Diego-San Shows Its Expressive Face on Video", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/robot-baby-diego-san" }, { "id": "hs-3015b01ef4", "title": "Hitachi Upgrades EMIEW Robot to Help Clueless American Tourists", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/hitachi-upgrades-emiew-robot-to-help-clueless-american-tourists" }, { "id": "hs-09b50393fa", "title": "GITAI Sending Autonomous Robot to Space Station", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/gitai-autonomous-robot-iss" }, { "id": "hs-20214d1745", "title": "Meka Robotics Announces Mobile Manipulator With Kinect and ROS", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/meka-robotics-announces-mobile-manipulator-with-kinect-and-ros" }, { "id": "hs-2f3983ec57", "title": "Singapore Researchers Unveil Social Robot Olivia", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/social-robot-olivia" }, { "id": "hs-1b85499e5a", "title": "PR2 Robot Gets Help From German Rosie, Makes Classic Bavarian Breakfast", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/humanoids/pr2-robot-gets-help-from-german-rosie-makes-classic-bavarian-breakfast" }, { "id": "hs-f246754807", "title": "Video Friday: Pneumatic Babies ...", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/video-friday-and-a-spanking-orchestra" }, { "id": "hs-79ccf1f69f", "title": "Bandit, Little Dog, and more: USC shows off its robots", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/041910-bandit-little-dog-and-more-usc-shows-off-its-robots" }, { "id": "hs-899b004324", "title": "Socially Assistive Robotics", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/socially-assistive-robotics" }, { "id": "hs-792a75bc8f", "title": "DARwIn-OP Humanoid Robot Demo (spec list)", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/darwin-op-humanoid-robot-demo" }, { "id": "hs-6cb909c7e5", "title": "Virginia Tech's RoMeLa Rocks RoboCup 2011", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/virginia-techs-romela-rocks-robocup-2011" }, { "id": "hs-61675bbcd7", "title": "Wizards of ROS: Willow Garage and the Making of the Robot Operating System", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/wizards-of-ros-willow-garage-and-the-making-of-the-robot-operating-system" }, { "id": "hs-5d0d071574", "title": "Hitachi's EMIEW Robot Learns to Navigate Around the Office", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/hitachi-emiew-robot-learns-to-navigate-around-the-office" }, { "id": "hs-f772bc8037", "title": "The Origin Story of ROS, the Linux of Robotics", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-origin-story-of-ros-the-linux-of-robotics" }, { "id": "hs-99785d013e", "title": "Video Friday: PR1, DARPA Cyborgs, and AR Drones Go Haywire", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/video-friday-pr1-darpa-cyborgs-and-ar-drones-go-haywire" }, { "id": "hs-54ebba0547", "title": "Google Acquires Seven Robot Companies", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/google-acquisition-seven-robotics-companies" }, { "id": "hs-14f5ea8368", "title": "Flutist and Saxophonist Robots Partner for a Classical Duet", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/flutist-and-saxophonist-robots-partner-for-a-classical-duet" }, { "id": "hs-1ea502c2e9", "title": "Meka and UT Austin Developing Hyperagile Bipedal Robot", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/meka-and-ut-austin-developing-hyperagile-bipedal-robot" }, { "id": "hs-d778100bdc", "title": "Iran's Surena III humanoid robot", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/iran-humanoid-robot-surena-iii" }, { "id": "hs-3b62cddfff", "title": "Video Friday: Professor Ishiguro's new robot child and more", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/robotics-hardware/video-friday-professor-ishiguro-new-robot-child-and-more" }, { "id": "hs-b848b4ed6e", "title": "GITAI's autonomous robot arm finds success on ISS", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/gitai-space-robot" }, { "id": "hs-ef71134e45", "title": "iCub Is Growing Up", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/icub-is-growing-up" }, { "id": "hs-37a4ca1135", "title": "Caregiver robots", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/caregiver-robots" }, { "id": "hs-7c41c0f152", "title": "Darwin-OP learns to play DDR", "publisher": "IEEE Spectrum", "url": "https://spectrum.ieee.org/darwinop-learning-to-play-ddr" }, { "id": "hs-75b7d8008e", "title": "Zeroth exhibitor profile", "publisher": "IFA Berlin", "url": "https://www.ifa-berlin.com/exhibitors/zeroth" }, { "id": "hs-d0dfedff69", "title": "Towards Natural Emotional Expression and Interaction: Development of Anthropomorphic Emotion Expression and Interaction Robots (Int. J. Synthetic Emotions, 2012)", "publisher": "IGI Global (via RePEc/IDEAS)", "url": "https://ideas.repec.org/a/igg/jse000/v3y2012i2p1-30.html" }, { "id": "hs-4730fd5954", "title": "isento: Code trifft Zukunft", "publisher": "IHK Nurnberg (WiM magazine)", "url": "https://www.ihk-nuernberg.de/wim-wirtschaft-in-mittelfranken/ihk-magazin-wim-06-07-2026/details/isento-code-trifft-zukunft" }, { "id": "hs-6d6c12d52c", "title": "IHMC's new humanoid Alex aces its first off-site, off-tether demonstration", "publisher": "IHMC", "url": "https://www.ihmc.us/news-20260521-2/" }, { "id": "hs-a51be16883", "title": "IHMC home", "publisher": "IHMC", "url": "https://www.ihmc.us/" }, { "id": "hs-fe2b4f1902", "title": "Humanoid robot design (Nadia, Alex)", "publisher": "IHMC Robotics", "url": "https://robots.ihmc.us/humanoid-design" }, { "id": "hs-e817d7c339", "title": "Maugeri, the IIT and the University of Pisa bring robotics to hospitals", "publisher": "IIT OpenTalk", "url": "https://opentalk.iit.it/en/maugeri-the-iit-and-the-university-of-pisa-bring-robotics-to-hospitals/" }, { "id": "hs-7872afab10", "title": "ALTER-EGO: the avatar", "publisher": "IIT SoftBots Lab", "url": "https://softbots.iit.it/alterego" }, { "id": "hs-67040a4308", "title": "INFIFORCE home", "publisher": "INFIFORCE", "url": "https://infiforce.cn/" }, { "id": "hs-dd5d9398b7", "title": "Enchanted Tools delivers its first robot to ISIR", "publisher": "ISIR (Sorbonne Universite)", "url": "https://www.isir.upmc.fr/news/enchanted-tools-delivers-its-first-robot-to-isir?lang=en" }, { "id": "hs-ac0840979e", "title": "Nadine and EDGAR: NTU scientists unveil social and telepresence robots", "publisher": "ISPR", "url": "https://ispr.info/2016/01/12/nadine-and-edgar-ntu-scientists-unveil-social-and-telepresence-robots/" }, { "id": "hs-a45a5ad1e0", "title": "Telexistence Robot H lets you see, hear, and feel through it", "publisher": "ISPR", "url": "https://ispr.info/2018/06/06/telexistence-robot-h-lets-you-see-hear-and-feel-through-it/" }, { "id": "hs-d5932408f3", "title": "Chinese vendors dominate humanoid robot market in 2025 (IDC)", "publisher": "IT Brief UK", "url": "https://itbrief.co.uk/story/chinese-vendors-dominate-humanoid-robot-market-in-2025" }, { "id": "hs-0b1685c525", "title": "Omeife revenue projection", "publisher": "IT Edge News", "url": "https://www.itedgenews.africa/omeife-nigeria-unveils-africas-first-humanoid-robot-with-revenue-projection-of-usd11-6b/" }, { "id": "hs-8cba32ce31", "title": "Galaxea releases bipedal humanoid Kengo", "publisher": "IT Home", "url": "https://www.ithome.com/0/958/651.htm" }, { "id": "hs-4b84f4de7b", "title": "Qiyuan Q1 announced", "publisher": "IT Home", "url": "https://www.ithome.com/0/909/555.htm" }, { "id": "hs-a772d3e244", "title": "2.69 万元起，宇树双臂人形机器人发布", "publisher": "IT Home", "url": "https://www.ithome.com/0/945/386.htm" }, { "id": "hs-10c50ed9c6", "title": "Report on the launch of Fourier GRW at WAIC 2026 (17 Jul 2026)", "publisher": "IT Home", "url": "https://www.ithome.com/0/978/489.htm" }, { "id": "hs-e6631f44ff", "title": "Report on Swancor's announcement of the Qiyuan T1 transformable robot (14 Jul 2026)", "publisher": "IT Home", "url": "https://www.ithome.com/0/976/736.htm" }, { "id": "hs-c1cb80f345", "title": "Tianyi 2.0 wins World Humanoid Robot Games sorting event", "publisher": "IT Home", "url": "https://www.ithome.com/0/875/845.htm" }, { "id": "hs-942914b773", "title": "中兴通讯发布星系列人形机器人及具身智能解决方案", "publisher": "IT Home (IT之家)", "url": "https://www.ithome.com/0/978/521.htm" }, { "id": "hs-2d2c0a703e", "title": "赛力斯人形机器人首次亮相，副总裁康波透露还有更多种类今年亮相", "publisher": "IT Home (IT之家)", "url": "https://www.ithome.com/0/964/484.htm" }, { "id": "hs-c69f8b5988", "title": "Sony care robot debuts: simple conversation and temperature checks, named 'Hana-chan'", "publisher": "IT Home (ithome.com)", "url": "https://www.ithome.com/0/734/328.htm" }, { "id": "hs-3af91ba5b1", "title": "东风汽车两款人形机器人明年“上岗”：一个去工厂，一个去4S店", "publisher": "IT Home via ifeng (凤凰网科技)", "url": "https://tech.ifeng.com/c/8oZdCBSgbyY" }, { "id": "hs-fa4d7532c1", "title": "Shenzhen Xborg Robotics exhibitor profile", "publisher": "ITES China", "url": "https://global.iteschina.com/en/exhibitor-list/details/13971" }, { "id": "hs-948adf4065", "title": "FEDOR: Meet Russia’s First Robot Astronaut (Who Also Does Splits)", "publisher": "ITMO University", "url": "https://news.itmo.ru/en/news/8710/" }, { "id": "hs-800b29a351", "title": "「国産人型ロボ」が二足歩行や“ダンス” 早大発スタートアップがデモ披露", "publisher": "ITmedia AI+", "url": "https://www.itmedia.co.jp/aiplus/articles/2604/03/news076.html" }, { "id": "hs-56c5bd96ce", "title": "海尔发布HIVA海娃人形机器人", "publisher": "IT之家 (ITHome)", "url": "https://www.ithome.com/0/870/969.htm" }, { "id": "hs-636d4d65bf", "title": "Robot umanoide in ospedale", "publisher": "Il Giorno", "url": "https://www.ilgiorno.it/monza-brianza/cronaca/robot-umanoide-ospedale-74e08d7f" }, { "id": "hs-8f400ed640", "title": "'Semi-domestic' semi-humanoid D1: designed in-house and assembled in Japan, from ¥5 million", "publisher": "Impress Watch", "url": "https://www.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/news/2130881.html" }, { "id": "hs-414acbda1b", "title": "InMoov", "publisher": "InMoov", "url": "https://inmoov.fr/" }, { "id": "hs-1dbd26b656", "title": "Vyommitra pre-flight integration", "publisher": "India Today", "url": "https://www.indiatoday.in/science/story/gaganyaan-isro-integrating-vyommitra-in-crew-module-key-safety-tests-underway-2902675-2026-04-28" }, { "id": "hs-ef0f4219e5", "title": "About ISRO", "publisher": "Indian Space Research Organisation", "url": "https://www.isro.gov.in/ISRO_EN/profile.html" }, { "id": "hs-cdc7fc25d5", "title": "Innovations in Space Technology: Space Robotics", "publisher": "Indian Space Research Organisation", "url": "https://www.isro.gov.in/media_isro/pdf/Publications/Innovation_Space_Tech.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-188af219fd", "title": "Robovie: an interactive humanoid robot", "publisher": "Industrial Robot (Emerald), 2001", "url": "https://emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/01439910110410051/full/html" }, { "id": "hs-5b0cef6cb0", "title": "Robots taking human form", "publisher": "Industrial Robot (Emerald), 2001", "url": "https://www.emeraldinsight.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/ir.2001.04928fab.013/full/html" }, { "id": "hs-faa07d0314", "title": "SIMTOS 2026 report on the first showing of RB-Y2", "publisher": "Industry Daily (kidd.co.kr)", "url": "https://kidd.co.kr/news/245649" }, { "id": "hs-7cba4ab727", "title": "Fujitsu Introduces Humanoid Robot In Miniature", "publisher": "IndustryWeek", "url": "https://www.industryweek.com/archive/fujitsu-introduces-humanoid-robot-miniature" }, { "id": "hs-29f201c996", "title": "Nyokkey, Kawasaki's multitasking robot", "publisher": "Infomercado", "url": "https://infomercado.pe/nyokkey-el-robot-multitarea-de-kawasaki-141222-gb/" }, { "id": "hs-ea343f4096", "title": "Andromeda raises $23 million", "publisher": "Inside Ageing", "url": "https://insideageing.com.au/andromeda-raises-23-million-and-sets-record-in-women-led-series-a-funding/" }, { "id": "hs-4012eaec33", "title": "Aqua City's android has the answers", "publisher": "Inside Retail Asia", "url": "https://insideretail.asia/2016/06/13/aqua-citys-android-has-the-answers/" }, { "id": "hs-2dc2c1d47c", "title": "Agibot introduced 5 new humanoid robots with Artificial Intelligence advances", "publisher": "Inspenet", "url": "https://inspenet.com/en/news/agibot-present-5-new-humanoid-robots/" }, { "id": "hs-b78a246f81", "title": "Rainbow Robotics showcases new humanoid arsenal at ICRA 2025", "publisher": "Inspenet", "url": "https://inspenet.com/en/news/rainbow-robotics-showcases-new-humanoid-arsenal-at-icra-2025/" }, { "id": "hs-1c90379729", "title": "Nadia Comaneci, inspiration of this humanoid", "publisher": "Inspenet", "url": "https://inspenet.com/en/news/nadia-comaneci-inspiration-of-this-humanoid/" }, { "id": "hs-85852e5ccd", "title": "PHYBOT M1: the electric humanoid robot that masters torque and defies gravity", "publisher": "Inspenet", "url": "https://inspenet.com/en/?p=325180" }, { "id": "hs-098e457e39", "title": "Adam, the bot that moves its pelvis better than humans", "publisher": "Inspenet", "url": "https://inspenet.com/en/news/adam-the-bot-moves-pelvis-better-than-human/" }, { "id": "hs-609e7f8d55", "title": "The latest generation of Robody is designed for elderly care", "publisher": "Inspenet", "url": "https://inspenet.com/en/news/the-latest-generation-of-robody-is-designed-for-elderly-care/" }, { "id": "hs-03075cb8e1", "title": "New look Mirokaï robot assists patients", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ces-2025/new-look-mirokai-robot-assists-patients" }, { "id": "hs-e519d64c47", "title": "Unitree's H1 sets world record as fastest humanoid robot at 7.38 mph", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/unitree-world-record-fastest-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-b35eb461ef", "title": "GR-3 humanoid robot debuts with emotional awareness and lifelike body movement", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/fourier-gr3-carebot-robot-emotion" }, { "id": "hs-e02624e989", "title": "China XPeng Iron humanoid robot", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-xpeng-iron-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-9ac02e94a4", "title": "Forerunner K2: Kepler's next-gen humanoid robot", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/forerunner-k2-keplers-next-gen-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-30132bc503", "title": "China startup unveils humanoid robot that can perform continuous backflips", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-startup-humanoid-robot-continuous-backflip" }, { "id": "hs-d87b1de194", "title": "Bumi: world's cheapest humanoid robot", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/bumi-worlds-cheapest-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-4d75b156a3", "title": "China humanoid robot Qinglong", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/china-humanoid-robot-qinglong" }, { "id": "hs-ece1b5b553", "title": "China's humanoid robot shows off new moves", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-humanoid-robot-shows-off-new-moves" }, { "id": "hs-e83def6164", "title": "Japan tests AIREC robot easing elderly care", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/japan-tests-airec-robot-easing-elderly-care" }, { "id": "hs-65262059b9", "title": "LG new humanoid robot at CES 2026", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/lg-new-humanoid-robot-at-ces-2026" }, { "id": "hs-0df6e1b656", "title": "Vietnam humanoid robot dance crew dazzles", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/vietnam-humanoid-robot-dance-crew-dazzles" }, { "id": "hs-d25590984c", "title": "Watch: Shanghai firm unveils 1.2m humanoid robot with dual brains and compact design", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/china-humanoid-robot-brains" }, { "id": "hs-8674766fe1", "title": "Sara, Saudi Arabia's first humanoid robot, reflects national values", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/culture/sara-saudi-arabias-first-humanoid-robot-reflects-national-values" }, { "id": "hs-d33ce122e6", "title": "BYD debuts Xiao Di humanoid robot at its Di Space centers", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/byd-xiao-di-humanoid-robot-china" }, { "id": "hs-70705bc43b", "title": "Israel humanoid robot with 360 vision", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/israel-humanoid-robot-with-360-vision" }, { "id": "hs-ed12f57c9b", "title": "Humanoid robot built in five months takes on bombs, hazardous jobs", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/humanoid-robot-bomb-disposal-energy-jobs" }, { "id": "hs-646b5b70d8", "title": "US Alex humanoid robot", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/us-alex-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-06465e76b3", "title": "Humanoid robot KR1 from Kinisi", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/humanoid-robot-kr1-kinisi" }, { "id": "hs-42a9a75bd8", "title": "US TITAN robot for tough industrial work", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/us-titan-robot-for-tough-industrial-work" }, { "id": "hs-9f2b4a4494", "title": "Aeolus debuts autonomous dual-arm humanoid robot at CES 2023", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/video/aeolus-debuts-autonomous-dual-arm-humanoid-robot-at-ces2023" }, { "id": "hs-ed95ab1637", "title": "Meet Aria, the humanoid robot girlfriend", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/photo-story/meet-aria-humanoid-robot-girlfriend" }, { "id": "hs-193e5e6989", "title": "SwitchBot robot butler unveiled at CES 2026", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/switchbot-robot-butler-unveiledces2026" }, { "id": "hs-81125f5854", "title": "UniX AI Wanda humanoid robots real-world deployment", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/unix-ai-wanda-humanoid-robots-real-world-deployment" }, { "id": "hs-a182320f18", "title": "China's humanoid robot masters complex skills", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/chinas-humanoid-robot-masters-complex-skills" }, { "id": "hs-3ee67a782f", "title": "China's humanoid robot nails human-like motion with 31 flexible joints", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-humanoid-robot-nails-human-like-motion" }, { "id": "hs-e7319369f0", "title": "World's first six-armed humanoid robot", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/worlds-first-six-armed-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-4ded259105", "title": "Shanghai unveils Moya humanoid robot", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/shanghai-unveils-moya-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-75e09f35db", "title": "Chinese humanoid robot nails backflip with superman landing", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/humanoid-robot-backflip-superman-landing" }, { "id": "hs-e9bffbe7ad", "title": "China's AgiBot unveils Q1 humanoid robot", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/china-agibot-q1-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-d78bfb9b90", "title": "ARTEMIS, the world's fastest walking humanoid robot", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/artemis-worlds-fastest-robot" }, { "id": "hs-cdeee12af4", "title": "This robot butler will tackle all your household chores", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/this-robot-butler-will-tackle-all-your-household-chores" }, { "id": "hs-4a86ecc4cf", "title": "China's DOBOT unveils LUMO humanoid", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/china-dobot-lumo-humanoid-unveiled" }, { "id": "hs-cce4a13262", "title": "Noetix unveils humanoid receptionist with lifelike face", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/noetix-unveils-humanoid-receptionist-lifelike-face" }, { "id": "hs-e7a9e00780", "title": "Robot can fly an aircraft", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robot-can-fly-an-aircraft" }, { "id": "hs-6da0deb079", "title": "China's humanoid robot packs freedom", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/chinas-humanoid-robot-packs-freedom" }, { "id": "hs-8159b92078", "title": "Humanoid robot shows parkour power", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/humanoid-robot-shows-parkour-power" }, { "id": "hs-754552cf42", "title": "THEMIS Gen 2.5 joins humanoid robot race", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/videos/themis-gen2-5-joins-humanoid-robot-race" }, { "id": "hs-66c36597d3", "title": "China's UBTECH humanoid robot companions", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/china-ubtech-humanoid-robot-companions" }, { "id": "hs-07b17bcfc0", "title": "Chinese humanoid robot stuns with ballet", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://www.interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/chinese-humanoid-robot-stuns-with-ballet" }, { "id": "hs-2886f65513", "title": "China: World's first humanoid robot PhD candidate to study opera and acting", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinese-humanoid-first-acting-phd-student" }, { "id": "hs-6184ad9628", "title": "Keenon debuts XMAN-F1 humanoid at WAIC", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/keenon-debuts-xman-f1-humanoid-at-waic" }, { "id": "hs-4ae745b9fb", "title": "New humanoid robot brings advanced perception and manipulation to industrial droids", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/vietnam-vr-h3-humanoid-robot-industrial-grade" }, { "id": "hs-c88aad2e99", "title": "Chinese open-source humanoid robot cartwheel and jump", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/humanoid-robot-cartwheel-and-jump" }, { "id": "hs-160523b4f6", "title": "Watch: Vietnam's first humanoid robot Dyno targets security and household roles", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/watch-vietnams-first-humanoid-robot-dyno-targets-security-and-household-roles" }, { "id": "hs-ecdad5400d", "title": "Russian firm sells autonomous robot clones of real people", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://www.interestingengineering.com/russian-firm-sells-autonomous-robot-clones-of-real-people" }, { "id": "hs-d26672398d", "title": "Alex humanoid robot tackles dumbbells and dishes", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/news/alex-humanoid-robot-tackles-dumbbells-dishes" }, { "id": "hs-0d3ccd8e3b", "title": "Jack Ma-backed firm unveils humanoid robot butler", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/robbyants-r1-cooks-shrimp-at-tech-fair" }, { "id": "hs-dc2d035c42", "title": "China's 'slim-waisted' humanoid robot debuts with human-like skills", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/innovation/chinas-slim-waisted-humanoid-robot-debuts" }, { "id": "hs-f395d052a4", "title": "China humanoid robot unveiled with Nvidia compute", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/china-humanoid-robot-unveiled-nvidia-compute" }, { "id": "hs-9d334ee993", "title": "Unitree IPO: China humanoid robot maker", "publisher": "Interesting Engineering", "url": "https://interestingengineering.com/ai-robotics/china-unitree-ipo-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-d6c056a31b", "title": "Element Group's Robot Corporation buys 51% of Android Technics", "publisher": "Interfax", "url": "https://interfax.com/newsroom/top-stories/112782/" }, { "id": "hs-0a4f0e725b", "title": "Ubtech unveils Amazon Alexa-powered Lynx robot ... at CES 2017", "publisher": "International Business Times", "url": "https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/ubtech-unveils-amazon-alexa-powered-lynx-robot-jimu-karbot-kids-more-ces-2017-1599510" }, { "id": "hs-c016847bac", "title": "Fujitsu Releases Humanoid Robot", "publisher": "InternetNews", "url": "https://internetnews.com/it-management/fujitsu-releases-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-2cdd54661c", "title": "Humanoid Robot Shows Superhuman Speed, Precision", "publisher": "IoT World Today", "url": "https://www.iotworldtoday.com/robotics/humanoid-robot-shows-superhuman-speed-precision" }, { "id": "hs-19cc682a32", "title": "Israeli startup's robot will clean your house", "publisher": "Israel Hayom", "url": "https://www.israelhayom.com/2021/10/12/israeli-startups-robot-will-clean-your-house/" }, { "id": "hs-cc272c1c45", "title": "iCub: research-grade humanoid robot", "publisher": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia", "url": "https://icub.iit.it/it-IT/" }, { "id": "hs-17b5fb6c0d", "title": "Our history", "publisher": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia", "url": "https://www.iit.it/it/storia" }, { "id": "hs-4b05a727a8", "title": "iCub robot", "publisher": "Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)", "url": "https://icub.iit.it/products/icub-robot" }, { "id": "hs-d6f651aca7", "title": "ERATO Ishiguro Symbiotic Human-Robot Interaction Project", "publisher": "JST", "url": "https://www.jst.go.jp/erato/ishiguro/en/index.html" }, { "id": "hs-0e89d031b3", "title": "ERATO Ishiguro Symbiotic Human-Robot Interaction Project", "publisher": "JST ERATO", "url": "https://www.jst.go.jp/erato/ishiguro/en/" }, { "id": "hs-1703581cbc", "title": "Development of research platforms (CB2: about 130 cm, 56 pneumatic actuators, ~200 tactile sensors)", "publisher": "JST ERATO Asada Synergistic Intelligence Project", "url": "https://www.jst.go.jp/erato/asada/en/socio-si/research-platforms.html" }, { "id": "hs-ad75704b51", "title": "JTP begins distribution of Qihan’s Sanbot Elf humanoid robot", "publisher": "JTP", "url": "https://www.jtp.co.jp/news/2017-11-28_001-2/" }, { "id": "hs-dc568af7f3", "title": "JST press release, 15 January 2008 (CBi walking driven by monkey brain signals)", "publisher": "Japan Science and Technology Agency", "url": "https://www.jst.go.jp/pr/info/info461/index_e.html" }, { "id": "hs-a527525a08", "title": "KITANO Symbiotic Systems (ERATO project summary)", "publisher": "Japan Science and Technology Agency", "url": "https://www.jst.go.jp/erato/en/research_area/completed/kks2_P.html" }, { "id": "hs-66729fd020", "title": "Moonshot Goal 3 programme", "publisher": "Japan Science and Technology Agency", "url": "https://www.jst.go.jp/moonshot/en/program/goal3/" }, { "id": "hs-4618d70909", "title": "Child-like android ibuki (press release)", "publisher": "Japan Science and Technology Agency", "url": "https://www.jst.go.jp/pr/announce/20180731-2/index_e.html" }, { "id": "hs-dd22677d29", "title": "UBTECH's Walker S1 Robot prepares for mass rollout in Q2", "publisher": "Jiemian", "url": "https://en.jiemian.com/article/12213660.html" }, { "id": "hs-fc19fa651b", "title": "Unitree says 2025 humanoid robot shipments topped 5,500, beating forecasts", "publisher": "Jiemian", "url": "https://en.jiemian.com/article/13924474.html" }, { "id": "hs-37474e06d9", "title": "China's humanoid robot start-ups race to scale before Tesla arrives", "publisher": "Jiemian", "url": "https://en.jiemian.com/article/13765547.html" }, { "id": "hs-933159f9c0", "title": "WABIAN-2 paper", "publisher": "Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics (Fuji Technology Press)", "url": "https://www.fujipress.jp/jrm/rb/robot002000050739/" }, { "id": "hs-eae73ca521", "title": "KAIST Founding Philosophy", "publisher": "KAIST", "url": "https://kaist.ac.kr/en/html/kaist/011701.html" }, { "id": "hs-c766d7b533", "title": "Mechanical Design of Humanoid Robot Platform KHR-3 (KAIST Humanoid Robot - 3: HUBO)", "publisher": "KAIST / IEEE", "url": "https://www.cs.columbia.edu/~allen/S19/huboI_design.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-8571c8e757", "title": "Development of humanoid robot platform KHR-2 (KAIST humanoid robot-2)", "publisher": "KAIST / IEEE", "url": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/4150019_Development_of_humanoid_robot_platform_KHR-2_KAIST_humanoid_robot-2" }, { "id": "hs-712851a4e6", "title": "Design of Android type Humanoid Robot Albert HUBO", "publisher": "KAIST and Hanson Robotics / IEEE", "url": "https://www.ri.cmu.edu/pub_files/pub4/oh_jun_ho_2006_1/oh_jun_ho_2006_1.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-9fe47a46a6", "title": "KAKEN grant 13450097 (whole-body tendon-driven humanoid, 2001-2003)", "publisher": "KAKEN / NII", "url": "https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13450097/" }, { "id": "hs-217aea5a60", "title": "Development of an Intelligent Humanoid Robot (KAKENHI 06555069, FY1994-1996; lists 'Development of Humanoid Saika' RSJ 1996 papers)", "publisher": "KAKEN, National Institute of Informatics", "url": "https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-06555069/" }, { "id": "hs-578760cbba", "title": "Samsung joins humanoid robots race with larger stake in Rainbow Robotics", "publisher": "KED Global", "url": "https://www.kedglobal.com/newsView/ked202412310001" }, { "id": "hs-a202eb62e9", "title": "KEENON Debuts First Bipedal Humanoid Service Robot at WAIC, Showcasing Role-Specific Embodied AI Solutions", "publisher": "KEENON via PR Newswire / AAP", "url": "https://www.aap.com.au/aapreleases/cision20250726ae35973" }, { "id": "hs-727c15d710", "title": "KIST’s Network-based Humanoid MAHRU", "publisher": "KIST", "url": "https://www.kist-europe.de/portal/cmmn/file/fileDown.do?atchFileId=f3bafca047654b1999f4e67a76309cb5&fileSn=3&menuNo=200021" }, { "id": "hs-64308b30fb", "title": "Network-based humanoid MAHRU as ubiquitous robotic companion", "publisher": "KIST Publications", "url": "https://pubs.kist.re.kr/handle/201004/102105" }, { "id": "hs-a26247b3ae", "title": "Humanoid robot Mahru's companion Ahra is born (Korean)", "publisher": "KIST press release via Newswire Korea", "url": "https://www.newswire.co.kr/newsRead.php?no=38993" }, { "id": "hs-19b15be26e", "title": "ARMAR-6 data sheet", "publisher": "KIT", "url": "https://www.sts.kit.edu/downloads/data-sheet-armar-6.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-09c3d0e16c", "title": "New Bodies for Humanoids (Tsagarakis, Humanoids 2011 workshop slides)", "publisher": "KIT / IEEE-RAS Humanoids 2011 workshop", "url": "https://archive.iar.kit.edu/workshops/humanoids2011/talks/Tsagarakis-Humanoids2011-WS-New-Bodies-for-Humanoids.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-aa271d2353", "title": "ARMAR-III (object 082)", "publisher": "KIT 100 Objects", "url": "https://www.100objekte.kit.edu/en/object/082" }, { "id": "hs-9e343cd73e", "title": "Integrated Humanoid Platforms - the ARMAR Family", "publisher": "KIT H2T", "url": "https://h2t.iar.kit.edu/397.php" }, { "id": "hs-6ff89673f9", "title": "ARMAR-III: An Integrated Humanoid Platform (Asfour et al. 2006)", "publisher": "KIT H2T", "url": "https://h2t.iar.kit.edu/pdf/Asfour2006b.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-7d3aded6ae", "title": "ARMAR-6: A High-Performance Humanoid for Human-Robot Collaboration in Real-World Scenarios (Asfour et al. 2019)", "publisher": "KIT H2T", "url": "https://h2t.iar.kit.edu/pdf/Asfour2019.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-21bd394ac0", "title": "H2T news: ARMAR-7 at Hannover Messe 2026", "publisher": "KIT H2T", "url": "https://h2t.iar.kit.edu/index.php" }, { "id": "hs-f710d07f0e", "title": "H2T home page", "publisher": "KIT H2T", "url": "https://h2t.iar.kit.edu/" }, { "id": "hs-c5b8f91161", "title": "Development of an Android for a Performance", "publisher": "KITECH / UR 2010 conference program", "url": "https://ewh.ieee.org/soc/ras/conf/technicallycosponsored/ur/UR2020/www.past.kros.org/UR/2010.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-c1292da8fa", "title": "Development of an Android for Emotional Expression and Human Interaction", "publisher": "KITECH authors / IFAC World Congress 2008 (NTNU proceedings archive)", "url": "https://skoge.folk.ntnu.no/prost/proceedings/ifac2008/data/papers/2566.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-7fee40a6c5", "title": "Design of 5 D.O.F Robot Hand with an Artificial Skin for an Android Robot", "publisher": "KITECH authors / IntechOpen", "url": "https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/a68d/ba788f673b457d24c59f07ace68f7a01392f.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-68ff9e50a0", "title": "ArmarX: H2T Lab at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology", "publisher": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology", "url": "https://armarx.humanoids.kit.edu/" }, { "id": "hs-81750d5dc1", "title": "Takanishi lab presentation (Humanoids 2004 workshop)", "publisher": "Karlsruhe Institute of Technology archive", "url": "https://archive.iar.kit.edu/workshops/humanoids2004/Takanishi.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-a645e6ce65", "title": "Humanoid Robot HRP-3 Working in a Real Environment", "publisher": "Kawada Industries", "url": "https://www.kawada.co.jp/technology/gihou/pdf/vol27/27_ron_09.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-01d61c91ca", "title": "History", "publisher": "Kawada Robotics", "url": "https://kawadarobot.co.jp/en/history" }, { "id": "hs-7bdf2823be", "title": "HRP-2 Promet — Products", "publisher": "Kawada Robotics", "url": "https://www.kawadarobot.co.jp/product/index.html" }, { "id": "hs-1134bf86a8", "title": "Products: NEXTAGE (NXA) and NEXTAGE Fillie", "publisher": "Kawada Robotics", "url": "https://www.kawadarobot.co.jp/en/products" }, { "id": "hs-ab0dc569e8", "title": "Features: research platform", "publisher": "Kawada Robotics", "url": "https://www.kawadarobot.co.jp/en/feature04" }, { "id": "hs-3947cccd8e", "title": "NEXTAGE", "publisher": "Kawada Robotics Corporation", "url": "https://kawadarobot.co.jp/en/nextage/" }, { "id": "hs-bd9e5727be", "title": "Products: HRP-2, HRP-3 and HRP-4", "publisher": "Kawada Robotics Corporation", "url": "https://www.kawadarobot.co.jp/product/index_en.html" }, { "id": "hs-92c678a20c", "title": "Blue-Collar Humanoid Robot, HRP-3 Promet Mk-II Developed", "publisher": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries", "url": "https://global.kawasaki.com/en/corp/newsroom/news/detail/ba_c3070621-1.html" }, { "id": "hs-50f30b6ab7", "title": "History of Robot Division", "publisher": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries", "url": "https://global.kawasaki.com/en/corp/profile/division/robot/history.html?wovn=es" }, { "id": "hs-b5c5a65c8e", "title": "Kawasaki at the 2019 International Robot Exhibition (iREX2019)", "publisher": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries", "url": "https://global.kawasaki.com/en/corp/newsroom/news/detail/?f=20191213_8048" }, { "id": "hs-13dbda2e60", "title": "Corporate Profile", "publisher": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries", "url": "https://global.kawasaki.com/en/corp/profile/index.html" }, { "id": "hs-f70e9ba1b5", "title": "Company Profile", "publisher": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries", "url": "https://global.kawasaki.com/en/corp/profile/outline.html" }, { "id": "hs-abbbd1323f", "title": "From Tokyo to the Future: The Evolution of Kawasaki's Humanoid Robot Challenge", "publisher": "Kawasaki Robotics", "url": "https://kawasakirobotics.com/blog/evolution-of-kawasakis-humanoid-robot-challenge/" }, { "id": "hs-675cedb51b", "title": "The Current Goals of Kaleido 9 as a Humanoid Robot", "publisher": "Kawasaki Robotics", "url": "https://kawasakirobotics.com/in/blog/20260316_kaleido9/" }, { "id": "hs-a244bb8575", "title": "International Robot Exhibition (iREX2025)", "publisher": "Kawasaki Robotics", "url": "https://kawasakirobotics.com/in/?p=6228" }, { "id": "hs-9695c9baf4", "title": "Humanoid Robot: XMAN-F1", "publisher": "Keenon Robotics", "url": "https://www.keenon.com/en/product/XMAN-F1" }, { "id": "hs-a595329d88", "title": "Keenon puts humanoids to work at WAIC 2026", "publisher": "Keenon Robotics", "url": "https://www.keenon.com/en/news/gcsrslkphtwaw2" }, { "id": "hs-240f68e1e4", "title": "Keenon news", "publisher": "Keenon Robotics", "url": "https://www.keenon.com/en/news" }, { "id": "hs-d61d2e3244", "title": "KeiganMotor", "publisher": "Keigan", "url": "https://www.keigan-motor.com/" }, { "id": "hs-c8d160552e", "title": "Chinese robot Tiangong Ultra beats Usain Bolt's 100m world record at Beijing games", "publisher": "Khaleej Times", "url": "https://www.khaleejtimes.com/business/tech/chinese-robot-tiangong-ultra-beats-usain-bolt-100m-world-record-beijing-games" }, { "id": "hs-eb727ec70c", "title": "Faraday Future unveils three embodied AI robot series at NADA Show", "publisher": "Khaleej Times", "url": "https://www.khaleejtimes.com/kt-network/faraday-future-unveils-three-embodied-ai-robot-series-at-nada-show-marking-entry-into-us-robotics-market?amp=1" }, { "id": "hs-f168e60cea", "title": "KaiBot", "publisher": "Kinetix AI", "url": "https://www.kinetixai.tech/zh/kaibot" }, { "id": "hs-5b5157a7e3", "title": "Kinetix AI home page", "publisher": "Kinetix AI", "url": "https://www.kinetixai.tech/" }, { "id": "hs-0550ee462e", "title": "MOVO hardware overview", "publisher": "Kinova", "url": "https://docs.kinovarobotics.com/kinova-movo/Concepts/c_movo_hardware_overview.html" }, { "id": "hs-cbd41e917c", "title": "PINO", "publisher": "Kitano Symbiotic Systems Project", "url": "https://symbio.sbi.jp/symbio/PINO.html" }, { "id": "hs-2b0ceb74bb", "title": "Kokoro News No. 63 — World Expo 2005 Aichi, Japan", "publisher": "Kokoro", "url": "https://www.kokoro-dreams.co.jp/english/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/KN63_english.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-ac788ef046", "title": "Actroid-DER series and history", "publisher": "Kokoro Company Ltd.", "url": "https://www.kokoro-dreams.co.jp/english/rt_tokutyu/actroid/" }, { "id": "hs-a0389dc17d", "title": "Actroid", "publisher": "Kokoro Company Ltd.", "url": "https://kokoro-dreams.co.jp/rt_tokutyu/actroid/" }, { "id": "hs-e236207a2f", "title": "Yeni nesil AKINCI 5 hareket kabiliyetiyle dikkat çekiyor", "publisher": "Konya Yenigün", "url": "https://www.konyayenigun.com/yeni-nesil-akinci-5-hareket-kabiliyetiyle-dikkat-cekiyor" }, { "id": "hs-988fe12168", "title": "뉴로메카, 산업용 휴머노이드 ‘에이르’로 고정형 공정 자동화", "publisher": "Korea Industrial Daily News (kidd)", "url": "https://kidd.co.kr/news/245685" }, { "id": "hs-51351c624a", "title": "EveR-4 exhibited at Yeosu Expo", "publisher": "Korea Institute of Industrial Technology", "url": "https://www.kitech.re.kr/pages/60?id=12437&menuMode=READ" }, { "id": "hs-fe06920b93", "title": "KITECH Mission and Functions", "publisher": "Korea Institute of Industrial Technology", "url": "https://www.kitech.re.kr/introduce/purpose" }, { "id": "hs-e020afbff7", "title": "A perfect companion could soon be yours (Oct 2008)", "publisher": "Korea JoongAng Daily", "url": "https://www.koreajoongangdaily.com/business/a-perfect-companion-could-soon-be-yours/10699682" }, { "id": "hs-e0fd388444", "title": "Unitree's new H2 brings streamlined elegance to humanoid robotics", "publisher": "KrASIA", "url": "https://kr-asia.com/unitrees-new-h2-brings-streamlined-elegance-to-humanoid-robotics" }, { "id": "hs-e5968ed4db", "title": "Expedition A1 is a robot that can cook, do laundry and take care of the elderly", "publisher": "KrASIA", "url": "https://amp.kr-asia.com/expedition-a1-is-a-robot-that-can-cook-do-laundry-and-take-care-of-the-elderly" }, { "id": "hs-01117a28f9", "title": "Galbot's humanoid robots do the boring stuff, and that's the point", "publisher": "KrASIA", "url": "https://kr-asia.com/galbots-humanoid-robots-do-the-boring-stuff-and-thats-the-point" }, { "id": "hs-63a6dfe9f6", "title": "UBTech's full-size humanoid robot revenue jumps 1,445% in H1 2026", "publisher": "KrASIA", "url": "https://kr-asia.com/ubtechs-full-size-humanoid-robot-revenue-jumps-1445-in-h1-2026" }, { "id": "hs-0148010e10", "title": "Singapore-based Sharpa surfaces as robotics venture linked to Hesai founders", "publisher": "KrASIA", "url": "https://kr-asia.com/singapore-based-sharpa-surfaces-as-robotics-venture-linked-to-hesai-founders" }, { "id": "hs-6b2e495ccf", "title": "Galbot to Accelerate Robotics with NVIDIA Jetson Thor", "publisher": "Kyodo News PR Wire", "url": "https://kyodonewsprwire.jp/index.php/release/202508264124" }, { "id": "hs-63b88e3767", "title": "Pudu Robotics Unveils FlashBot Arm: A Semi-Humanoid Embodied AI Service Robot for Commercial Applications", "publisher": "Kyodo News PR Wire", "url": "https://kyodonewsprwire.jp/release/202503316574" }, { "id": "hs-b38605c13b", "title": "PaXini Unveils the Tactile Infrastructure for Embodied AI at CES 2026", "publisher": "Kyodo News PR Wire", "url": "https://kyodonewsprwire.jp/index.php/release/202601072117" }, { "id": "hs-12e732ecc7", "title": "경북도 ‘2025 대한민국 지방시대 엑스포’ 참가···미래 비전 제시", "publisher": "Kyungbuk Maeil", "url": "https://kbmaeil.com/article/20251119500575" }, { "id": "hs-09a6e94d7b", "title": "LG Electronics presents LG CLOiD home robot to demonstrate Zero Labor Home at CES 2026", "publisher": "LG Electronics", "url": "https://www.lg.com/global/newsroom/news/home-appliance-solution/lg-electronics-presents-lg-cloid-home-robot-to-demonstrate-zero-labor-home-at-ces-2026/" }, { "id": "hs-ffff56f40e", "title": "Company history", "publisher": "LG Electronics", "url": "https://www.lg.com/global/about-lg/company-history/" }, { "id": "hs-3c5133f210", "title": "Robot umanoidi, arriva l'accordo tra Oversonic robotics e Stm", "publisher": "LaPresse", "url": "https://www.lapresse.it/economia/2025/12/22/robot-umanoidi-arriva-laccordo-tra-oversonic-robotics-e-stm/" }, { "id": "hs-3fe3fcb33d", "title": "Muks Robotics Spaceo: Indian company unveils its autonomous humanoid robot with adjustable height up to 7 feet", "publisher": "LatestLY", "url": "https://www.latestly.com/socially/technology/muks-robotics-spaceo-indian-company-unveils-its-autonomous-humanoid-robot-with-adjustable-height-up-to-7-feet-check-specifications-and-features-watch-video-6690313.html" }, { "id": "hs-6788f19c17", "title": "灵宝CASBOT双新品即将亮相WAIC 2025", "publisher": "Leaderobot", "url": "https://leaderobot.com/news/5787" }, { "id": "hs-fd9d9a64f1", "title": "Roban 2", "publisher": "Leju Robotics", "url": "https://www.lejurobot.com/en/products/roban2" }, { "id": "hs-a40a8a2274", "title": "Leju Robotics homepage", "publisher": "Leju Robotics", "url": "https://www.lejurobot.com/en" }, { "id": "hs-71a42bb9e4", "title": "ROBAN2 Teaser Begins", "publisher": "Leju Robotics (YouTube)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMYwsXXIRJk" }, { "id": "hs-94a781cdf3", "title": "Foundation Future Industries secures $24M Pentagon contract", "publisher": "Let's Data Science", "url": "https://letsdatascience.com/news/foundation-future-industries-secures-24m-pentagon-contract-7f3db995" }, { "id": "hs-16139ddf3e", "title": "1X ships NEO humanoid robots to US homes", "publisher": "Let's Data Science", "url": "https://letsdatascience.com/news/1x-ships-neo-humanoid-robots-to-us-homes-774b7a74" }, { "id": "hs-eb939791fc", "title": "Changan Automobile ventures into robotics", "publisher": "Liangjiang New Area (Chongqing government)", "url": "https://english.liangjiang.gov.cn/2025-12/01/c_1144590.htm" }, { "id": "hs-48511c4252", "title": "Lumi", "publisher": "Lightberry", "url": "https://lightberry.com/lumi" }, { "id": "hs-de8a884c8e", "title": "Lightberry", "publisher": "Lightberry", "url": "https://lightberry.com/" }, { "id": "hs-401aa3aed8", "title": "LimX Dynamics Launches All-New Full-Size Humanoid Robot Luna, Redefining Interactive Robots", "publisher": "LimX Dynamics", "url": "https://www.limxdynamics.com/en/news/BK000062" }, { "id": "hs-b1cf6972cf", "title": "LimX Dynamics launches full-size humanoid robot LimX Oli (company news)", "publisher": "LimX Dynamics", "url": "https://www.limxdynamics.com/zh/news/BK000043" }, { "id": "hs-6d9904f0a5", "title": "Luna", "publisher": "LimX Dynamics", "url": "https://www.limxdynamics.com/en/products/luna" }, { "id": "hs-e6b93543cb", "title": "Luna specifications", "publisher": "LimX Dynamics", "url": "https://www.limxdynamics.com/en/products/luna/spec" }, { "id": "hs-a03a8e6daf", "title": "Lifelike 'Sophia' Robot Granted Citizenship to Saudi Arabia", "publisher": "Live Science", "url": "https://www.livescience.com/60815-saudi-arabia-citizen-robot.html" }, { "id": "hs-777b26975c", "title": "HatsuMuv 08式モビルロイド", "publisher": "Logistics Today", "url": "https://www.logi-today.com/1002271" }, { "id": "hs-61c363114f", "title": "Lumos LUS 2", "publisher": "Lumos Robotics", "url": "https://www.lumosbot.tech/products/lus2" }, { "id": "hs-a34b460fe8", "title": "News", "publisher": "Lumos Robotics", "url": "https://www.lumosbot.tech/news" }, { "id": "hs-89d23a43d3", "title": "About Lumos", "publisher": "Lumos Robotics", "url": "https://www.lumosbot.tech/about" }, { "id": "hs-91d44c3bba", "title": "Humanoid robots: China's charm offensive towards foreign firms", "publisher": "MERICS", "url": "https://merics.org/en/merics-briefs/humanoid-robots-chinas-charm-offensive-towards-foreign-firms-5g" }, { "id": "hs-80c92d9c05", "title": "The Cog Project: Building a Humanoid Robot", "publisher": "MIT", "url": "https://web.media.mit.edu/~cynthiab/Papers/CMAA-cog98.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-665ddf7651", "title": "Robot manipulation in human environments (PhD thesis)", "publisher": "MIT DSpace", "url": "https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/38679?show=full" }, { "id": "hs-0ebc791af3", "title": "Meet Nexi, MIT's newest robot", "publisher": "MIT News", "url": "https://news.mit.edu/index%2Ephp/2008/nexi-0409" }, { "id": "hs-854fa406ad", "title": "Assistive robot adapts to people, new places", "publisher": "MIT News", "url": "https://news.mit.edu/2007/domo" }, { "id": "hs-847e0b6c09", "title": "Rise of the compliant machines", "publisher": "MIT News", "url": "https://news.mit.edu/2014/rise-of-the-compliant-machines-0220" }, { "id": "hs-e37c88ac3c", "title": "Meet Atlas, the Robot Designed to Save the Day", "publisher": "MIT Technology Review", "url": "https://www.technologyreview.com/s/517136/meet-atlas-the-robot-designed-to-save-the-day/" }, { "id": "hs-ea01e774ec", "title": "General-purpose robots, humanoids and their human remote assistants", "publisher": "MIT Technology Review", "url": "https://www.technologyreview.com/2024/12/23/1108466/general-purpose-robots-humanoids-ai-remote-assistants/" }, { "id": "hs-b5f19a516e", "title": "A Robust Robot for the Elderly", "publisher": "MIT Technology Review", "url": "https://www.technologyreview.com/s/407700/a-robust-robot-for-the-elderly/" }, { "id": "hs-0c46c04267", "title": "Demo: Teachable Robots (July 2003)", "publisher": "MIT Technology Review", "url": "https://www.technologyreview.com/2003/07/01/234172/demo-teachable-robots/" }, { "id": "hs-253549f328", "title": "A Robot Music Instructor (Oct 2008)", "publisher": "MIT Technology Review", "url": "https://www.technologyreview.com/2008/10/30/217857/a-robot-music-instructor-2/" }, { "id": "hs-d283a721dd", "title": "Japan's Friendly Robots", "publisher": "MIT Technology Review (1999)", "url": "https://cdn.technologyreview.com/s/400386/japans-friendly-robots" }, { "id": "hs-ff0d747fa4", "title": "What We Can Learn from Robots", "publisher": "MIT Technology Review (2005)", "url": "https://www.technologyreview.com/2005/01/01/39990/what-we-can-learn-from-robots/" }, { "id": "hs-057cb82d90", "title": "iREX2025 report (part 2), page 2", "publisher": "MONOist", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2512/23/news026_2.html" }, { "id": "hs-9aec2acadd", "title": "What NSK gains from Atom, the startup aiming to be 'the world's best curry shop' of humanoids", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2608/28/news059.html" }, { "id": "hs-0792f9afc5", "title": "ugo, the dual-arm robot, unveils platform that can also manage other makers' robots", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2212/07/news051.html" }, { "id": "hs-da353fb347", "title": "Why the humanoid became the symbol of physical AI at iREX 2025 (Japanese makers, part 2)", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2512/23/news026.html" }, { "id": "hs-7f12af4fd7", "title": "Latest humanoid dual-arm robot model can be installed without safety fences", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/spv/2207/21/news060.html" }, { "id": "hs-3ecd1055d1", "title": "Chinese potential vs Japanese reliability: where humanoids stand at iREX 2025 (part 1)", "publisher": "MONOist (ITmedia)", "url": "https://monoist.itmedia.co.jp/mn/articles/2512/18/news014.html" }, { "id": "hs-e251ff98ab", "title": "Shanghai Electric showcases embodied intelligence robot matrix and AI-native smart factory solutions at WAIC 2026", "publisher": "Macau Business (PR Newswire)", "url": "https://macaubusiness.com/shanghai-electric-showcases-embodied-intelligence-robot-matrix-and-ai-native-smart-factory-solutions-at-waic-2026/" }, { "id": "hs-228d0a9bdd", "title": "Generative Bionics introduces GENE.01", "publisher": "Macau Business (press release)", "url": "https://macaubusiness.com/generative-bionics-introduces-gene-01-a-fully-functional-smart-skin-humanoid-robot-platform-designed-for-safe-human-collaboration/" }, { "id": "hs-5aeda8a248", "title": "AGIBOT Wins 18 Gold Medals on World Humanoid Robot Games Debut", "publisher": "Macau Business / PR Newswire", "url": "https://macaubusiness.com/agibot-wins-18-gold-medals-on-world-humanoid-robot-games-debut-tops-gold-and-overall-medal-tables-5/" }, { "id": "hs-25ae4d45db", "title": "MagicLab Launches the High-Dynamic Bipedal Humanoid Robot MagicBot Z1", "publisher": "MagicLab", "url": "https://www.magiclab.top/news/55" }, { "id": "hs-8a57bf67ba", "title": "MagicBot Gen1", "publisher": "MagicLab", "url": "https://www.magiclabglobal.com/products/magicbot-gen1/" }, { "id": "hs-0dd17d87fd", "title": "MagicBot Gen1", "publisher": "MagicLab", "url": "https://magiclab.top/en/human" }, { "id": "hs-b14c394d27", "title": "MagicBot X1", "publisher": "MagicLab", "url": "https://www.magiclabglobal.com/products/magicbot-x1/" }, { "id": "hs-4786c17208", "title": "MagicBot X1", "publisher": "MagicLab", "url": "https://magiclab.top/en/x1" }, { "id": "hs-2fad9528a3", "title": "MagicLab brings physical AI to Europe's factory floors at IFA 2026", "publisher": "MagicLab", "url": "https://www.magiclabglobal.com/magiclab-brings-physical-ai-to-europes-factory-floors-at-ifa-2026-debuting-full-stack-embodied-intelligence-stack.html" }, { "id": "hs-46a1d136ff", "title": "MagicBot D1", "publisher": "MagicLab", "url": "https://www.magiclabglobal.com/magicbots/magicbot-d1/" }, { "id": "hs-58e7e748e7", "title": "EngineAI Expands Lineup with PM01: A Lighter, More Agile Humanoid Robot for $12,000", "publisher": "Maginative", "url": "https://www.maginative.com/article/engineai-expands-lineup-with-pm01-a-lighter-more-agile-humanoid-robot-for-12-000/" }, { "id": "hs-bef48bdb70", "title": "Meet Tiangong, China's First Full-Size Electric Running Humanoid Robot", "publisher": "Maginative", "url": "https://www.maginative.com/article/meet-tiangong-chinas-full-size-electric-running-humanoid-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-d8f6a13af1", "title": "Meet Clone Alpha: a humanoid robot built with synthetic organs and artificial muscles", "publisher": "Maginative", "url": "https://www.maginative.com/article/meet-clone-alpha-a-humanoid-robot-built-with-synthetic-organs-and-artificial-muscles/" }, { "id": "hs-15f1e3e6c6", "title": "InMoov, The Crowdsourced Robotic Future Returns to Maker Faire", "publisher": "Make:", "url": "https://makezine.com/article/maker-news/inmoov-crowdsourced-robotic-future-returns-maker-faire/" }, { "id": "hs-7d860618b0", "title": "China showcases robot runners in Beijing half-marathon", "publisher": "Malay Mail", "url": "https://malaymail.com/news/life/2025/04/19/china-showcases-robot-runners-in-beijing-half-marathon-some-fall-flat-while-others-finish-strong/173659" }, { "id": "hs-3b3e48011a", "title": "Japan shows off disaster response robots at android fair", "publisher": "Malay Mail (AFP)", "url": "https://www.malaymail.com/amp/news/tech/gadgets/2015/12/03/japan-shows-off-disaster-response-robots-at-android-fair/1016023" }, { "id": "hs-bae0671d3b", "title": "ELEKTRO the Westinghouse Robot", "publisher": "Mansfield Memorial Museum", "url": "https://themansfieldmuseum.org/elektro/" }, { "id": "hs-5898d9e278", "title": "Tesla Q1 2026 Earnings Call Transcript", "publisher": "MarketBeat", "url": "https://www.marketbeat.com/earnings/reports/2026-4-22-tesla-inc-stock/" }, { "id": "hs-3cd3accfd2", "title": "Can a robot teach us how people learn?", "publisher": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology", "url": "https://news.mit.edu/1994/robot-0629" }, { "id": "hs-8a8722b652", "title": "MATRIX-3", "publisher": "Matrix Robotics", "url": "https://www.matrixrobotics.ai/matrix-3" }, { "id": "hs-97a7b12095", "title": "MATRIX-1", "publisher": "Matrix Robotics", "url": "https://www.matrixrobotics.ai/matrix-1" }, { "id": "hs-98b18fa159", "title": "Matrix Robotics home", "publisher": "Matrix Robotics", "url": "https://www.matrixrobotics.ai/" }, { "id": "hs-3651180c2c", "title": "This is MATRIX-1.", "publisher": "Matrix Robotics (YouTube)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R6cO-uqxZeg" }, { "id": "hs-9558c87d98", "title": "WAIC2025 MATRIX-1 Humanoid", "publisher": "Matrix Robotics (YouTube)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CfnC2qMjCsg" }, { "id": "hs-9ad8f2427d", "title": "NAO6", "publisher": "Maxtronics Robotics", "url": "https://maxtronics.com/en/nao6/" }, { "id": "hs-d2a1cc9022", "title": "Maxvision Secures Core Robot Assets of Aldebaran", "publisher": "Maxvision Technology", "url": "https://en.maxvision.com.cn/newsDetail/68779D9B4CEDFD0001443874" }, { "id": "hs-5bff1e1445", "title": "Asimov 1", "publisher": "Menlo Research", "url": "https://menlo.ai/asimov-1" }, { "id": "hs-08302985c9", "title": "Menlo Research home", "publisher": "Menlo Research", "url": "https://menlo.ai/" }, { "id": "hs-28a0ccd832", "title": "MenteeBot", "publisher": "Mentee Robotics", "url": "https://www.menteebot.com/bot/" }, { "id": "hs-ed6e60b77a", "title": "Elon Musk presented a prototype of the Optimus humanoid robot", "publisher": "Mezha.ua", "url": "https://mezha.ua/en/2022/10/01/elon-musk-presented-a-prototype-of-the-optimus-humanoid-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-889de4e295", "title": "Teachable Robots (Technology Review July/August 2003, PDF)", "publisher": "Michigan State University (Juyang Weng)", "url": "https://cse.msu.edu/~weng/media/TechReviewJuly2003.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-856f465318", "title": "Dav: A Humanoid Platform and Developmental Learning with Case Studies (S. Zeng, PhD dissertation, 2004)", "publisher": "Michigan State University Libraries", "url": "https://d.lib.msu.edu/etd/32626/FULL_TEXT/view" }, { "id": "hs-28401d11e2", "title": "Leju Launches Kuavo 5 Modular Humanoid After Raising $200M", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/leju-kuavo-5-humanoid-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-bed64bfaae", "title": "Sharpa's Humanoid Goes Viral with Its Dexterous Hands at CES 2026", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/sharpa-north-ces-2026/" }, { "id": "hs-aaaed6d201", "title": "Toyota's CUE7 Basketball Playing Robot is Machine-Level Accurate", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/toyota-cue7-basketball-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-f7f709fa19", "title": "Vietnam's VinMotion Unveils Gen 2 Humanoid Robot", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/vietnam-vinmotion-motion2-humanoid-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-3d09bd7f73", "title": "Vietnam's Richest Man Is Betting Big on Humanoid Robots", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/vietnam-humanoid-robots-go-global/" }, { "id": "hs-9fa99fce57", "title": "Cartwheel Robotics Shuts Down After Failing to Secure Funding for Yogi Humanoid", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/cartwheel-robotics-shuts-down/" }, { "id": "hs-cc962978c1", "title": "China's Robowolf Maker Pushes Humanoids into Industry with $5.5M Order", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/58-intelligent-da-sheng-d12/" }, { "id": "hs-9117fccefb", "title": "Meet the hyper-realistic humanoid robots creeping into the mainstream", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/new-breed-hyper-realistic-humanoid-robots/" }, { "id": "hs-39e6388d97", "title": "New Class of Sci-Fi Robots Emerges in Shenzhen", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/shenzhen-digit-robots/" }, { "id": "hs-095858ad2b", "title": "China's latest humanoids are designed to perform, pose, and go viral", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/limx-luna-ubtech-walker-c1/" }, { "id": "hs-802f58f32a", "title": "Toyota CUE6 basketball long shot", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/toyoyta-cue6-basketball-longshot/" }, { "id": "hs-ffd2c19088", "title": "NYC Startup Fauna Robotics Launches Sprout Humanoid", "publisher": "Mike Kalil", "url": "https://mikekalil.com/blog/fauna-robotics-sprout-humanoid-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-c2c2086893", "title": "Mirsee Robotics", "publisher": "Mirsee Robotics", "url": "https://mirsee.com/" }, { "id": "hs-1dc1a2b022", "title": "About", "publisher": "Mirsee Robotics", "url": "https://mirsee.com/about" }, { "id": "hs-e1b46ec544", "title": "Innovations", "publisher": "Mirsee Robotics", "url": "https://mirsee.com/innovations" }, { "id": "hs-90e27ee686", "title": "The World's First Full-fledged Communication Robot wakamaru Capable of Living with Family and Supporting Persons", "publisher": "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries", "url": "https://www.mhi.com/technology/review/sites/g/files/jwhtju2326/files/tr/pdf/e431/e431044.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-dce62b6e94", "title": "Corporate Profile", "publisher": "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries", "url": "https://www.mhi.com/company/overview/profile" }, { "id": "hs-6e47d3838a", "title": "The World's First Full-fledged Communication Robot wakamaru Capable of Living with Family and Supporting Persons", "publisher": "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Technical Review", "url": "https://www.mhi.com/jp/technology/review/abstract-43-1-44" }, { "id": "hs-5dd74224a4", "title": "Ikuo Mizuuchi publications (Kenta: a whole-body tendon-driven humanoid with flexible spine)", "publisher": "Mizuuchi Lab", "url": "https://mizuuchi.lab.tuat.ac.jp/~ikuo/" }, { "id": "hs-a0b95e563c", "title": "Kotaro: Features and Advantages", "publisher": "Mizuuchi Lab (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology)", "url": "https://mizuuchi.lab.tuat.ac.jp/~ikuo/kotaro/index-e.html" }, { "id": "hs-432c263059", "title": "Mobileye to acquire Mentee Robotics", "publisher": "Mobileye", "url": "https://www.mobileye.com/news/mobileye-to-acquire-mentee-robotics-to-accelerate-physical-ai-leadership/" }, { "id": "hs-3ab5500206", "title": "Reflex Robotics showcases humanoid robot", "publisher": "Modern Materials Handling", "url": "https://www.mmh.com/article/reflex_robotics_showcases_humanoid_robot" }, { "id": "hs-6cc55092d0", "title": "Korean startup takes on Chinese humanoids (AeiROBOT ALICE)", "publisher": "Money Today (머니투데이)", "url": "https://www.mt.co.kr/future/2025/01/09/2024122310184772904" }, { "id": "hs-9c184f33a0", "title": "Vega", "publisher": "Moonlake AI", "url": "https://www.moonlakeai.com/robots/vega" }, { "id": "hs-149d02b6e4", "title": "Lingxi X2", "publisher": "Moonlake AI", "url": "https://www.moonlakeai.com/robots/lingxi-x2" }, { "id": "hs-fe03f55fee", "title": "Humanoid robot Ameca steals the show at this year's CES", "publisher": "Motoring.co.za", "url": "https://m.motoring.co.za/technology/gadgets/humanoid-robot-ameca-steals-the-show-at-this-years-ces-0710ed9f-0139-5e3d-8d54-e79a7bd89acd" }, { "id": "hs-6274133563", "title": "New PAL mobile manipulation robot TIAGo runs MoveIt!", "publisher": "MoveIt", "url": "https://moveit.ros.org/moveit!/ros/2015/02/17/new-pal-mobile-manipulation-robot-tiago-runs-moveit.html" }, { "id": "hs-ecbdb23f84", "title": "AgiBot launches miniature humanoid robot you can carry in a backpack", "publisher": "Mugglehead", "url": "https://mugglehead.com/agibot-launches-miniature-humanoid-robot-you-can-carry-in-a-backpack/" }, { "id": "hs-f7f01853cf", "title": "Spaceo M1 | AI Social Humanoid Robot", "publisher": "Muks Robotics", "url": "https://muksrobotics.com/spaceo-m1" }, { "id": "hs-83d5dbe110", "title": "Spaceo Pro - The Enterprise Humanoid", "publisher": "Muks Robotics", "url": "https://muksrobotics.com/spaceo-pro" }, { "id": "hs-76740174c5", "title": "Spaceo PRO - Application Demo Video", "publisher": "Muks Robotics (YouTube)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJqgrq4cqbw" }, { "id": "hs-50f5438b3f", "title": "Devanthro", "publisher": "Munich Startup", "url": "https://www.munich-startup.de/en/startups/devanthro/" }, { "id": "hs-fbac26cc9c", "title": "Kawasaki shows Kaleido version 9 at iREX 2025", "publisher": "Mynavi TECH+", "url": "https://news.mynavi.jp/techplus/article/20251205-3764371/" }, { "id": "hs-562e0662d9", "title": "Japanese Retailers Use Robots to Stock Shelves", "publisher": "NACS", "url": "https://www.convenience.org/Media/Daily/2020/Jul/10/6-Japanese-Retailers-Use-Robots-Stock-Shelves_Tech" }, { "id": "hs-5cd505dac0", "title": "Robonaut 2 Fact Sheet: Robonaut history", "publisher": "NASA", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/robonaut2_508.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-c1a6bb3374", "title": "Robonaut 2", "publisher": "NASA", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/robonaut2/" }, { "id": "hs-cd9679fec5", "title": "R5 (Valkyrie) fact sheet", "publisher": "NASA", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/r5-fact-sheet.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-2e8cb2f140", "title": "Robonaut2", "publisher": "NASA", "url": "https://robonaut.jsc.nasa.gov/R2/" }, { "id": "hs-b23f1e9a14", "title": "R1: The First Generation", "publisher": "NASA", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/technology/r1-the-first-generation/" }, { "id": "hs-27ddf2060a", "title": "R5", "publisher": "NASA", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/technology/r5/" }, { "id": "hs-7406f9178e", "title": "Johnson Space Center", "publisher": "NASA", "url": "https://www.nasa.gov/johnson/" }, { "id": "hs-8e046156f8", "title": "Robots Spur Software That Lends a Hand", "publisher": "NASA Tech Briefs", "url": "https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/32684-robots-spur-software-that-lends-a-hand" }, { "id": "hs-bca0c8591e", "title": "Human-Robot Control Strategies for the NASA/DARPA Robonaut (2003)", "publisher": "NASA Technical Reports Server", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20100036633" }, { "id": "hs-47ec18a3c1", "title": "Development and Deployment of Robonaut 2 to the International Space Station (ICRA 2011)", "publisher": "NASA Technical Reports Server", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110014430" }, { "id": "hs-f30fd56959", "title": "An intelligent robotic aid system for human services (CIRFFSS 1994)", "publisher": "NASA Technical Reports Server", "url": "https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940026075" }, { "id": "hs-c47f8c20fc", "title": "Pingpong-playing robots debut", "publisher": "NBC News", "url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/pingpong-playing-robots-debut-flna119971" }, { "id": "hs-8d3b298281", "title": "Humanoid toddler reacts to touch, sound", "publisher": "NBC News (AP)", "url": "https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna19112210" }, { "id": "hs-276e32ee42", "title": "4NE1", "publisher": "NEURA Robotics", "url": "https://neura-robotics.com/products/4ne1" }, { "id": "hs-900670d22e", "title": "NEURA Robotics Unveils Next-Generation Robots and Announces CES 2026 Program", "publisher": "NEURA Robotics", "url": "https://neura-robotics.com/neura-robotics-at-ces-2026/" }, { "id": "hs-d624ce484a", "title": "Reserve 4NE1 Mini", "publisher": "NEURA Robotics", "url": "https://neura-robotics.com/product/4ne1-mini-reservation/" }, { "id": "hs-b97c3180e3", "title": "About NEURA Robotics", "publisher": "NEURA Robotics", "url": "https://neura-robotics.com/about-us/" }, { "id": "hs-bcf7428be3", "title": "News", "publisher": "NEURA Robotics", "url": "https://neura-robotics.com/news" }, { "id": "hs-2ce95e508e", "title": "Design of the Humanoid Robot TOCABI (IEEE Humanoids 2022)", "publisher": "NJIT Digital Commons", "url": "https://digitalcommons.njit.edu/fac_pubs/3340" }, { "id": "hs-641f71859c", "title": "At DARPA Challenge, Robots Slowly Move Toward Better Disaster Recovery", "publisher": "NPR (via WAMC)", "url": "https://www.wamc.org/2015-06-07/at-darpa-challenge-robots-slowly-move-toward-better-disaster-recovery" }, { "id": "hs-05e894c438", "title": "NSK and Atom sign MOU on strategic partnership for domestic humanoid AI robots", "publisher": "NSK", "url": "https://www.nsk.com/jp-ja/company/news/2026/mou-20260820/" }, { "id": "hs-5c699ed9bd", "title": "Noble Machines case study", "publisher": "NVIDIA", "url": "https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/case-studies/noble-machines/" }, { "id": "hs-397dbc615b", "title": "Virtual tool, real impact: Prof Nadia Magnenat Thalmann", "publisher": "Nanyang Technological University", "url": "https://www.ntu.edu.sg/research/research-hub/news/detail/virtual-tool-real-impact-prof-nadia-magnenat-thalmann" }, { "id": "hs-7caa895fc5", "title": "About Us | Vision and Mission | NTU Singapore", "publisher": "Nanyang Technological University", "url": "https://www.ntu.edu.sg/about-us" }, { "id": "hs-9d8327721a", "title": "Richtech Robotics debuts mobile humanoid robot Dex at CES 2026", "publisher": "Nasdaq (press release)", "url": "https://www.nasdaq.com/press-release/richtech-robotics-debuts-mobile-humanoid-robot-dex-ces-2026-2025-12-24" }, { "id": "hs-5aaf55b1c9", "title": "Goodbye Asimo: Honda to retire popular robot in March", "publisher": "Nation Thailand", "url": "https://www.nationthailand.com/international/40012057" }, { "id": "hs-2398841e05", "title": "Spirit AI raises 3 billion yuan in 30 days", "publisher": "National Business Daily", "url": "https://www.nbd.com.cn/articles/2026-04-07/4328144.html" }, { "id": "hs-d65d251cc6", "title": "About AIST", "publisher": "National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology", "url": "https://www.aist.go.jp/aist_e/about_aist/index.html" }, { "id": "hs-b37f6e830a", "title": "Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH)", "publisher": "National Research Council of Science & Technology (NST)", "url": "https://www.nst.re.kr/eng/contents.do?key=161" }, { "id": "hs-32a0e966ae", "title": "Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)", "publisher": "National Research Council of Science & Technology (NST)", "url": "https://www.nst.re.kr/eng/contents.do?key=154" }, { "id": "hs-0bbf05658b", "title": "Tesla Unveils Demo Video of its Latest Humanoid Robot, Optimus Gen 2", "publisher": "National Robotics Education Foundation", "url": "https://www.the-nref.org/content/tesla-unveils-demo-video-its-latest-humanoid-robot-optimus-gen-2" }, { "id": "hs-c3fea5cb8e", "title": "NUDT archive stories: humanoid robotics development", "publisher": "National University of Defense Technology", "url": "https://www.nudt.edu.cn/zjkd/kdgs/43c7509713854c798f1724cc5f071314.htm" }, { "id": "hs-1601fd845d", "title": "At A Glance", "publisher": "National University of Defense Technology", "url": "https://english.nudt.edu.cn/nav/About/AtAGlance/d9d8150917a24b18ba2089168ab6f43f.htm" }, { "id": "hs-c7d92a7fa4", "title": "Humanoids (휴머노이드 플랫폼)", "publisher": "Neuromeka", "url": "https://www.neuromeka.com/humanoids" }, { "id": "hs-9848a39caa", "title": "Researchers Unveil Social and Telepresence Robots", "publisher": "Neuroscience News", "url": "https://neurosciencenews.com/neurobotics-social-telepresence-robots-3329/" }, { "id": "hs-4dd2427c84", "title": "Korea shows its robotics prowess with a rival for ASIMO", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/korea-shows-its-robotics-prowess-with-a-rival-for-asimo/3638/" }, { "id": "hs-594d05c7a2", "title": "DLR humanoid robot TORO", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/dlr-humanoid-robot-toro/28118/" }, { "id": "hs-a8adbf9385", "title": "Engineered Arts Mesmer", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/engineered-arts-mesmer/56284/" }, { "id": "hs-13baa9fd6c", "title": "Kawasaki robots at iREX", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/robotics/kawasaki-robots-irex/?amp=true" }, { "id": "hs-567b696e5f", "title": "EVE r3 humanoid robot", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/eve-r3-humanoid-robot/59864" }, { "id": "hs-a011db39a7", "title": "1X NEO Beta humanoid robot", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/robotics/1x-neo-beta-humanoid-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-5df0c6262f", "title": "Neura 4NE1 humanoid robot", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/robotics/neura-4ne1-humanoid-robot/?amp=true" }, { "id": "hs-93dccdb8df", "title": "Generative Bionics' smart robot skin prevents collisions", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/ai-humanoids/gene-01-smart-skin-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-d34e4a8254", "title": "Kinova Robotics Movo", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/kinova-robotics-movo/59883/" }, { "id": "hs-ab876c09ce", "title": "Weave's Isaac 1 robot does laundry and makes beds", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/robotics/weave-robot-isaac1-laundry-bed/" }, { "id": "hs-d4df673137", "title": "Samsung Roboray humanoid robot", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/samsung-humanoid-robot-roboray/24551/" }, { "id": "hs-993141488b", "title": "Moya, DroidUp's lifelike robot", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/ai-humanoids/moya-droidup-lifelike-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-621464d734", "title": "Kobian (based on WABIAN-2R and WE-4RII)", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/robot-kobian/11795/" }, { "id": "hs-3009da7c01", "title": "Musashi musculoskeletal humanoid learns to drive a car (2024)", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/robotics/musashi-humanoid-autonomous-driving/?amp=true" }, { "id": "hs-978f058ac0", "title": "US Navy introduces 'Octavia' robot to public (June 2010)", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/us-navy-octavia-robot/15442/" }, { "id": "hs-ae53d7b9d4", "title": "Zeno robot learns through artificial intelligence", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/zeno-robot-learns-through-artificial-intelligence/8043" }, { "id": "hs-21fa1462cc", "title": "Super 350cm exoskeleton (T-52 Enryu)", "publisher": "New Atlas", "url": "https://newatlas.com/go/2537/" }, { "id": "hs-2b26d24e17", "title": "Humanoid Robot Makes Debut in International Competition", "publisher": "New Jersey Institute of Technology", "url": "https://news.njit.edu/humanoid-robot-makes-debut-international-competition" }, { "id": "hs-b3d999a0cc", "title": "Step aside Sophia, meet Malaysia's 'first humanoid robot' Adam", "publisher": "New Straits Times (Bernama)", "url": "https://www.nst.com.my/amp/news/nation/2019/07/505637/step-aside-sophia-meet-malaysias-first-humanoid-robot-adam" }, { "id": "hs-686c83b35f", "title": "Foundation Future seeks $3 billion valuation", "publisher": "Newcomer", "url": "https://www.newcomer.co/p/foundation-future-seeks-3-billion" }, { "id": "hs-c6292e0291", "title": "AgiBot Unveils Lingxi X2: A Generalist Humanoid Robot Advancing Motion, Interaction, and Task Intelligence", "publisher": "Newsfile", "url": "https://www.newsfilecorp.com/release/244108" }, { "id": "hs-037121f1c0", "title": "Booster Robotics Unveils Booster T2, Its Flagship Humanoid Platform for Embodied AI Development", "publisher": "Newsfile", "url": "https://www.newsfilecorp.com/release/304940" }, { "id": "hs-543a9befd2", "title": "Humanoid robots being mass produced in China", "publisher": "Newsweek", "url": "https://www.newsweek.com/humanoid-robots-being-mass-produced-china-2004049" }, { "id": "hs-9e58d0e48c", "title": "Tokyo Robotics starts taking orders for human-sized humanoid Torobo", "publisher": "Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun (newswitch)", "url": "https://newswitch.jp/p/11895" }, { "id": "hs-1a7007ce9b", "title": "Robotics products (ZIZAI)", "publisher": "Nippon Signal", "url": "https://www.signal.co.jp/products/robotics/" }, { "id": "hs-7627c49363", "title": "Company overview", "publisher": "Nippon Signal", "url": "https://www.signal.co.jp/aboutus/overview/" }, { "id": "hs-e9d36add3c", "title": "Autonomous robot that sings opera and conducts an orchestra presented in Tokyo", "publisher": "Nippon.com (Jiji Press)", "url": "https://www.nippon.com/es/behind/yjj2019022801314/" }, { "id": "hs-10d4be3d45", "title": "Noble Machines", "publisher": "Noble Machines", "url": "https://noblemachines.ai" }, { "id": "hs-28bd1f2d8f", "title": "Nori A3", "publisher": "Nori Robotics", "url": "https://www.norirobotics.com" }, { "id": "hs-d25448b4f9", "title": "JR West's humanoid heavy machine and its prototype shown together at the Kyoto Railway Museum", "publisher": "Norimono News (trafficnews.jp)", "url": "https://trafficnews.jp/post/500447" }, { "id": "hs-72bcaf0858", "title": "Everything we know about Optimus, the Tesla Robot", "publisher": "Not a Tesla App", "url": "https://www.notateslaapp.com/tesla-reference/1000/everything-we-know-about-optimus-the-tesla-robot" }, { "id": "hs-511e8dac85", "title": "Hugging Face introduces $3,000 humanoid and $300 desktop robot", "publisher": "Notebookcheck", "url": "https://www.notebookcheck.net/Affordable-robotics-Hugging-Face-introduces-3-000-humanoid-and-300-desktop-robot.1029422.0.html" }, { "id": "hs-fc86355e6b", "title": "Germany's answer to Musk's Optimus: Neura's 4NE1 robot promises ironing, lifting and unloading the dishwasher", "publisher": "Notebookcheck", "url": "https://www.notebookcheck.net/Germany-s-answer-to-Musk-s-Optimus-Neura-s-4NE1-robot-promises-ironing-lifting-and-unloading-the-dishwasher.1044267.0.html" }, { "id": "hs-47516669c4", "title": "Roboter für den Alltag: Robbyant präsentiert humanoiden Roboter R1 mit Embodied AI", "publisher": "Notebookcheck", "url": "https://www.notebookcheck.com/Roboter-fuer-den-Alltag-Robbyant-praesentiert-humanoiden-Roboter-R1-mit-Embodied-AI.1102820.0.html" }, { "id": "hs-7e0713d1b8", "title": "OS3 Robotics", "publisher": "OS3", "url": "https://os3robotics.com" }, { "id": "hs-66be20489a", "title": "Designing a new hand concept for EDGAR (bachelor thesis abstract, 2017)", "publisher": "OST / HSR Rapperswil", "url": "https://www.ost.ch/fileadmin/dateiliste/97_daten/abstracts/17_dab_mi_high_12.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-f714527a80", "title": "Roadside Ohio: Elektro the Robot", "publisher": "Ohio Magazine", "url": "https://ohiomagazine.com/travel/article/roadside-ohio-elektro-the-robot" }, { "id": "hs-25ffb3873c", "title": "Andromeda's companion robot gets an upgrade and $23M in Series A funding", "publisher": "OnImpact", "url": "https://onimpact.com.au/andromedas-companion-robot-gets-an-upgrade-and-23m-in-series-a-funding" }, { "id": "hs-bd3989e396", "title": "Kerala Police to go futuristic in Kochi; AI humanoids for traffic control, armoured robotic vehicles for patrols", "publisher": "Onmanorama", "url": "https://www.onmanorama.com/news/kerala/2026/10/09/kerala-police-humanoid-traffic-robot.amp.html" }, { "id": "hs-4146a73504", "title": "Robots from Republic of Korea and United States take home $3.5 million in prizes", "publisher": "Open Electronics (DARPA release)", "url": "https://www.open-electronics.org/robots-from-republic-of-korea-and-united-states-take-home-3-5-million-in-prizes/" }, { "id": "hs-2a6b596ff4", "title": "Introduction to ROBOTIS AI WORKER", "publisher": "Open Robotics Discourse", "url": "https://discourse.openrobotics.org/t/introduction-to-robotis-ai-worker/43780" }, { "id": "hs-69f01c6c7c", "title": "Lower thigh design of detailed musculoskeletal humanoid 'Kenshiro' (IROS 2012)", "publisher": "OpenAlex record of IEEE paper", "url": "https://api.openalex.org/works/doi:10.1109%2FIROS.2012.6386225" }, { "id": "hs-56c804fe4c", "title": "Cassie achieves Guinness World Record in 100 meters", "publisher": "Oregon State University", "url": "https://news.oregonstate.edu/news/bipedal-robot-developed-oregon-state-achieves-guinness-world-record-100-meters" }, { "id": "hs-e5bc4b9760", "title": "Robot Era Unleashes Blazing Star1 Humanoid", "publisher": "Origin of Bots", "url": "https://www.originofbots.com/news/robot-era-unleashes-blazing-star1-humanoid" }, { "id": "hs-8d26adfca1", "title": "Russia's Sberbank Unveils Green Humanoid, Bolsters Tech Sovereignty", "publisher": "Origin of Bots", "url": "https://www.originofbots.com/news/russias-sberbank-unveils-green-humanoid-bolsters-tech-sovereignty" }, { "id": "hs-6219757b6e", "title": "ROKAE Unveils Helios Wheeled Humanoid Robot for Real-World Industrial Automation", "publisher": "Origin of Bots", "url": "https://www.originofbots.com/news/rokae-unveils-helios-wheeled-humanoid-robot-for-real-world-industrial-automation" }, { "id": "hs-6f18f6a767", "title": "ROKAE Launches Human.X Bipedal Humanoid Robot for Industrial Applications", "publisher": "Origin of Bots", "url": "https://www.originofbots.com/news/rokae-launches-humanx-bipedal-humanoid-robot-for-industrial-applications" }, { "id": "hs-505bb96241", "title": "UBTECH's Walker C1 steps into the public eye", "publisher": "Origin of Bots", "url": "https://www.originofbots.com/news/ubtechs-walker-c1-steps-into-the-public-eye-as-a-service-humanoid-built-for-human-facing-spaces" }, { "id": "hs-37042ddfe7", "title": "Development of a Research Platform Android 'ERICA'", "publisher": "Osaka University", "url": "https://resou.osaka-u.ac.jp/en/research/2015/20150803_1" }, { "id": "hs-14f6942a87", "title": "DRDO scientists working on humanoid robot for military missions (PTI)", "publisher": "Outlook Business", "url": "https://www.outlookbusiness.com/news/drdo-scientists-working-on-humanoid-robot-for-military-missions-to-reduce-risk-for-troops" }, { "id": "hs-abdc3de72c", "title": "Cyan presents Orca I (blog post, 31 Oct 2024)", "publisher": "Overclockers.ru (user blog)", "url": "https://overclockers.ru/blog/Global_Chronicles/show/188501/Cyan-predstavila-Orca-I-universal-nyj-robot-s-antropomorfnymi-dvizheniyami" }, { "id": "hs-bf5f8e8210", "title": "RoBee R", "publisher": "Oversonic Robotics", "url": "https://www.oversonicrobotics.com/robee-r/" }, { "id": "hs-f864a1b25b", "title": "Oversonic Robotics", "publisher": "Oversonic Robotics", "url": "https://www.oversonicrobotics.com/" }, { "id": "hs-18d10e864d", "title": "PAL Robotics timeline: REEM-A", "publisher": "PAL Robotics", "url": "https://pal-robotics.com/timeline/" }, { "id": "hs-a0571d4519", "title": "PAL Robotics launches new humanoid robot prototype REEM", "publisher": "PAL Robotics", "url": "https://pal-robotics.com/blog/pal-robotics-new-humanoid-robot-prototype-reem/" }, { "id": "hs-5945f52fbb", "title": "ARI", "publisher": "PAL Robotics", "url": "https://pal-robotics.com/robot/ari/" }, { "id": "hs-9a63e6f236", "title": "ARI datasheet", "publisher": "PAL Robotics", "url": "https://pal-robotics.com/datasheet/ari/" }, { "id": "hs-ac3483767d", "title": "Unplug and play with REEM-C humanoid robot!", "publisher": "PAL Robotics", "url": "https://pal-robotics.com/blog/unplug-play-reem-c/" }, { "id": "hs-21d70415a3", "title": "TIAGo", "publisher": "PAL Robotics", "url": "https://pal-robotics.com/robots/tiago/" }, { "id": "hs-636768e7a1", "title": "TALOS", "publisher": "PAL Robotics", "url": "https://pal-robotics.com/robots/talos/" }, { "id": "hs-8552ada756", "title": "About us", "publisher": "PAL Robotics", "url": "https://pal-robotics.com/about-us/" }, { "id": "hs-1b70f4f957", "title": "KANGAROO", "publisher": "PAL Robotics", "url": "https://pal-robotics.com/robot/kangaroo/" }, { "id": "hs-b7e9d7f60c", "title": "Introducing ARI ROS simulation", "publisher": "PAL Robotics blog", "url": "https://pal-robotics.com/blog/intoducing-ari-ros-simulation/" }, { "id": "hs-e5922fd396", "title": "Reem-B: an autonomous lightweight human-size humanoid robot", "publisher": "PAL Technology Robotics", "url": "https://www.ouroboros.org/papers/reemb2008.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-61ab8486c4", "title": "Humanoid robot wins Beijing half-marathon, defeating the human world record", "publisher": "PBS NewsHour / AP", "url": "https://pbs.org/newshour/world/humanoid-robot-wins-beijing-half-marathon-defeating-the-human-world-record" }, { "id": "hs-0521f7d590", "title": "ROBODEX 2000 report", "publisher": "PC Watch (Impress)", "url": "https://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/article/20001124/robodex.htm" }, { "id": "hs-fe8c2ceea2", "title": "Sony SDR-4X announcement coverage", "publisher": "PC Watch (Impress)", "url": "https://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/2002/0319/sony2.htm" }, { "id": "hs-c0f8f746c1", "title": "Sony QRIO running robot (Dec 2003)", "publisher": "PC Watch (Impress)", "url": "https://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/2003/1218/sony.htm" }, { "id": "hs-74822715f2", "title": "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries wakamaru press preview", "publisher": "PC Watch (Impress)", "url": "https://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/2005/0916/wakamaru.htm" }, { "id": "hs-cb7a4b7e60", "title": "災害対応用ヒューマノイドのデモを見られる2015国際ロボット展開催", "publisher": "PC Watch (Impress)", "url": "https://pc.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/news/733270.html" }, { "id": "hs-8b41f30760", "title": "Toshiba android tries to charm with sign language", "publisher": "PCWorld", "url": "https://www.pcworld.com/article/435692/toshiba-android-tries-to-charm-with-sign-language.html" }, { "id": "hs-bab7a7bdf3", "title": "VLAI angel round", "publisher": "PEDaily", "url": "https://news.pedaily.cn/202501/545759.shtml" }, { "id": "hs-aad2073511", "title": "CASBOT shows two new products at WAIC 2025", "publisher": "PEdaily", "url": "https://news.pedaily.cn/20250728/111437.shtml" }, { "id": "hs-b1e7d04c7d", "title": "工业级具身机器人公司「普罗宇宙」完成数千万天使轮融资", "publisher": "PEdaily", "url": "https://news.pedaily.cn/202603/561291.shtml" }, { "id": "hs-0975255942", "title": "Silicon Valley humanoid company collapses", "publisher": "PEdaily", "url": "https://news.pedaily.cn/202511/557563.shtml" }, { "id": "hs-8e7a2c451a", "title": "Kepler Exploration Robot debuts Forerunner humanoid robots at CES 2024 (press release)", "publisher": "PR Newswire Asia", "url": "https://en.prnasia.com/lightnews/lightnews-0-101-70420.shtml" }, { "id": "hs-be38fde103", "title": "WIRobotics Secures Approximately KRW 100 Billion (USD 68 Million) Series B Funding", "publisher": "PR Newswire via J-Stories", "url": "https://jstories.media/partner-press-releases/wirobotics-secures-approximately-krw-100-billion-usd-68-million-series-b-funding/" }, { "id": "hs-4be4e99259", "title": "ROBOTERA Showcases Its 'Hexa-Core' Robotics Lineup at CES 2026", "publisher": "PR Newswire via TechNode Global", "url": "https://technode.global/prnasia/robotera-showcases-its-hexa-core-robotics-lineup-at-ces-2026/" }, { "id": "hs-0bc832271d", "title": "Atom opens 'ATOM Physical AI Foundry', a domestic data-collection centre for physical AI (press release)", "publisher": "PR TIMES (Atom Inc.)", "url": "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000007.000172692.html" }, { "id": "hs-ced97ff632", "title": "Atom and NSK sign MOU on a strategic partnership to develop Japan's humanoid AI robot industry (press release)", "publisher": "PR TIMES (Atom Inc.)", "url": "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000002.000172692.html" }, { "id": "hs-6ce56cea08", "title": "Enactic to give a talk and live demo of care-assistant robot 'Ena' at H.C.R.2026 (press release)", "publisher": "PR TIMES (Enactic)", "url": "https://prtimes.jp/main/html/rd/p/000000008.000166268.html" }, { "id": "hs-2fceedf7e4", "title": "Keigan selected for AIRoA competition", "publisher": "PR TIMES via TechnoEdge", "url": "https://www.techno-edge.net/release/prtimes2/20260402/23161.html" }, { "id": "hs-b6343f2f8a", "title": "OpenShell release", "publisher": "PR TIMES via TechnoEdge", "url": "https://www.techno-edge.net/release/prtimes2/20260929/24739.html" }, { "id": "hs-6dd5cfce56", "title": "The 'saviour of Japan' that is neither cars nor entertainment (on Enactic and Ena)", "publisher": "PRESIDENT Online via livedoor News", "url": "https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/31442942/" }, { "id": "hs-120f512330", "title": "TORA-ONE", "publisher": "PaXini Tech", "url": "https://www.paxini.com/cn/robot" }, { "id": "hs-d11112a69f", "title": "Spirit AI PreA+ financing report", "publisher": "Pedaily", "url": "https://news.pedaily.cn/202507/552571.shtml" }, { "id": "hs-696201ecfd", "title": "AlphaBot 2 launch coverage", "publisher": "Pedaily (投资界)", "url": "https://news.pedaily.cn/202504/548517.shtml" }, { "id": "hs-4e6620eaac", "title": "Hubei Jingchu humanoid robot sales report (Dec 2025)", "publisher": "People's Daily app", "url": "https://www.peopleapp.com/column/30050952620-500007250407" }, { "id": "hs-af9ae1fe79", "title": "Da Sheng humanoid robot trials at Changhong park, Mianyang", "publisher": "People's Political Consultative Daily (rmzxw.com.cn)", "url": "https://www.rmzxw.com.cn/c/2025-01-03/3657146.shtml" }, { "id": "hs-ad7cc46185", "title": "Meet Grace, the healthcare robot COVID-19 created (Reuters)", "publisher": "Philstar Interaksyon", "url": "https://interaksyon.philstar.com/trends-spotlights/2021/06/09/193485/meet-grace-the-healthcare-robot-covid-19-created/" }, { "id": "hs-24a148b9b6", "title": "Zhejiang Humanoid Robot Innovation Center profile", "publisher": "Phoenix News", "url": "https://news.ifeng.com/c/8dyLJ3T8kk1" }, { "id": "hs-12dd525373", "title": "Development of a humanoid robot prototype, HRP-5P, capable of heavy labor", "publisher": "Phys.org", "url": "https://phys.org/news/2018-11-humanoid-robot-prototype-hrp-5p-capable.html" }, { "id": "hs-0787a15b1c", "title": "Zeno \"boy\" robot: Let me introduce myself", "publisher": "Phys.org", "url": "https://m.phys.org/news/2012-08-zeno-boy-robot-video.html" }, { "id": "hs-994bcb4c21", "title": "Zurich AI team plans March delivery of humanoid", "publisher": "Phys.org", "url": "https://phys.org/news/2012-12-zurich-ai-team-delivery-humanoid.html" }, { "id": "hs-f1ce22f5e6", "title": "Japan robot receptionist welcomes shoppers", "publisher": "Phys.org (AFP)", "url": "https://phys.org/news/2015-04-japan-robot-receptionist-shoppers.html" }, { "id": "hs-bcba47ff88", "title": "Robots that play table tennis", "publisher": "Physics Today", "url": "https://physicstoday.aip.org/news/robots-that-play-table-tennis" }, { "id": "hs-4a9d46a9d1", "title": "Toyota unveils robot violinist (video)", "publisher": "Pink Tentacle", "url": "https://pinktentacle.com/2007/12/toyota-unveils-robot-violinist-video/" }, { "id": "hs-f8361d6085", "title": "HRP-4: athletic robot worker", "publisher": "Pink Tentacle", "url": "https://pinktentacle.com/2010/09/hrp-4-athletic-robot-worker/" }, { "id": "hs-af832fd5c4", "title": "Humanoid robot TALOS, the next generation of biped robots for complex industrial settings", "publisher": "Plant Automation Technology", "url": "https://www.plantautomation-technology.com/productlaunch/humanoid-robot-talos" }, { "id": "hs-18a5abae74", "title": "Reachy 2", "publisher": "Pollen Robotics", "url": "https://pollen-robotics.com/reachy-2/" }, { "id": "hs-63bc83fb47", "title": "Ping Pong Playing Terminator", "publisher": "Popular Science", "url": "https://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2010-02/ping-pong-playing-terminator" }, { "id": "hs-32a52886f2", "title": "Say Hello to Robonaut2", "publisher": "Popular Science", "url": "https://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2010-02/nasa-unveils-android-astronaut/" }, { "id": "hs-6acc507522", "title": "Humanoid Robot Can Dive Deep Underwater, Exploring Reefs And Shipwrecks", "publisher": "Popular Science", "url": "https://www.popsci.com/humanoid-robot-can-dive-deep-underwater-exploring-reefs-and-shipwrecks/" }, { "id": "hs-e384fbb1b5", "title": "Disney is turning to robots to pull off dangerous aerial feats", "publisher": "Popular Science", "url": "https://www.popsci.com/disney-acrobatic-robots-stuntronics" }, { "id": "hs-5151de7ac0", "title": "A Humanoid Robot With Lifelike Bones And Muscles", "publisher": "Popular Science", "url": "https://www.popsci.com/technology/article/2012-12/watch-robot-stretch-its-metal-bones-and-muscles" }, { "id": "hs-2993486246", "title": "Sberbank ruso presenta su propio robot con IA", "publisher": "Prensa Latina", "url": "https://www.prensa-latina.cu/?p=1667409" }, { "id": "hs-d2a5efc53f", "title": "Woman Robot Astronaut Vyommitra will fly into Space ahead of ISRO's Gaganyaan mission", "publisher": "Press Information Bureau / Department of Space", "url": "https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2002418" }, { "id": "hs-ef072e2a86", "title": "Promobot V.4", "publisher": "Promobot", "url": "https://promo-bot.ai/robots/promobot-v4/" }, { "id": "hs-17a39c8840", "title": "Promobot V.4 presented at CES in Las Vegas", "publisher": "Promobot", "url": "https://promo-bot.ai/about-us/" }, { "id": "hs-303bf3f8bd", "title": "Robo-C", "publisher": "Promobot", "url": "https://promo-bot.ai/robots/robo-c/" }, { "id": "hs-57edb98310", "title": "About us", "publisher": "Promobot", "url": "https://www.promo-bot.ai/about-us/" }, { "id": "hs-6323eb93e3", "title": "Promobot news", "publisher": "Promobot", "url": "https://promo-bot.ai/news/" }, { "id": "hs-1c34f233c3", "title": "Prosper", "publisher": "Prosper Robotics", "url": "https://prosper-site.onrender.com" }, { "id": "hs-39371d4bb1", "title": "Brain controlled robots (Kawato, HFSP Journal 2008)", "publisher": "PubMed Central", "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2645562" }, { "id": "hs-8b5f7126eb", "title": "FlashBot Arm", "publisher": "Pudu Robotics", "url": "https://www.pudurobotics.com/en/products/flashbot-arm" }, { "id": "hs-f605654ecd", "title": "PUDU D9 product page", "publisher": "Pudu Robotics", "url": "https://www.pudurobotics.com/en/products/d9" }, { "id": "hs-6d077dff8f", "title": "Telexistence closes $170 million in Series B", "publisher": "Pulse 2.0", "url": "https://pulse2.com/telexistence-japan-based-robotics-company-closes-170-million-in-series-b/amp/" }, { "id": "hs-48d84d3a0e", "title": "Sunday: $165 million at $1.15 billion valuation raised for autonomous home robots", "publisher": "Pulse 2.0", "url": "https://pulse2.com/sunday-165-million-at-1-15-billion-valuation-raised-for-autonomous-home-robots" }, { "id": "hs-7c5d9b99e4", "title": "Humanoid Helper Debuts at Pune Airport: Spaceo M1 Begins Passenger Assistance Trial", "publisher": "Pune Pulse", "url": "https://www.mypunepulse.com/?p=189960" }, { "id": "hs-f1330c2c48", "title": "The Debut of Sanbot, China's Cloud-Enabled Robot", "publisher": "QIHAN Technology (via PR Newswire)", "url": "https://www.prnewswire.com/in/news-releases/the-debut-of-sanbot-chinas-cloud-enabled-robot-607630826.html" }, { "id": "hs-32e622df99", "title": "Qiyuan Q1 and T1 open for pre-order", "publisher": "QbitAI", "url": "https://qbitai.com/2026/08/478017.html" }, { "id": "hs-f59f55b10e", "title": "优必选五大人形机器人亮相世界机器人大会，群体智能重塑新质生产力", "publisher": "QbitAI (量子位)", "url": "https://www.qbitai.com/2025/08/320128.html" }, { "id": "hs-fb1dbd1e6a", "title": "Qualcomm Introduces a Full Suite of Robotics Technologies", "publisher": "Qualcomm", "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/news/releases/2026/01/qualcomm-introduces-a-full-suite-of-robotics-technologies-power" }, { "id": "hs-9f8455434a", "title": "RIBA press release (27 Aug 2009)", "publisher": "RIKEN", "url": "https://www.riken.jp/en/news_pubs/research_news/pr/2009/20090827/" }, { "id": "hs-5042aa5a49", "title": "The strong robot with the gentle touch", "publisher": "RIKEN", "url": "https://www.riken.jp/en/news_pubs/research_news/pr/2015/20150223_2/index.html" }, { "id": "hs-b187301729", "title": "RI-MAN press release (Japanese, PDF)", "publisher": "RIKEN", "url": "https://www.riken.jp:443/medialibrary/riken/pr/press/2006/20060313_1/20060313_1.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-c33062bad4", "title": "RIKEN press release 2009-08-27 (RIBA, reviewing RI-MAN)", "publisher": "RIKEN", "url": "https://www.riken.jp/press/2009/20090827/index.html" }, { "id": "hs-b2724eeb25", "title": "About RIKEN", "publisher": "RIKEN", "url": "https://www.riken.jp/en/about/" }, { "id": "hs-bd7ef1a8ed", "title": "Research and Development of RI-MAN, a Robot That Can Hold a Person in Its Arms Using Tactile Sensors (English release)", "publisher": "RIKEN", "url": "https://www.riken.jp/medialibrary/riken/pr/press/2006/20060313_1/20060313_1_en.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-a5190b9d05", "title": "Innovating human-interactive robots", "publisher": "RIKEN", "url": "https://www.riken.jp/en/about/people/6924/index.html" }, { "id": "hs-6df8045f70", "title": "AI Sapiens: Open-Source Humanoid Platform for Physical AI", "publisher": "ROBOTIS", "url": "https://www.robotis.com/en/product/ecosystem-aisapiens.php" }, { "id": "hs-0d23a2a448", "title": "K0 - AI Sapiens (documentation)", "publisher": "ROBOTIS", "url": "https://ai.robotis.com/ai_sapiens/introduction_ai_sapiens.html" }, { "id": "hs-1d9e57953d", "title": "ROBOTIS OP (DARwIn-OP): Getting Started", "publisher": "ROBOTIS", "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/platform/op/getting_started/" }, { "id": "hs-9fb03b0184", "title": "ROBOTIS Physical AI", "publisher": "ROBOTIS", "url": "https://ai.robotis.com/" }, { "id": "hs-0c27225f40", "title": "AI Worker product page", "publisher": "ROBOTIS", "url": "https://www.robotis.com/en/product/ecosystem-aiworker.php" }, { "id": "hs-ee3d51a519", "title": "ROBOTIS home and about", "publisher": "ROBOTIS", "url": "https://www.robotis.com/en/about.php" }, { "id": "hs-c1852e72e6", "title": "AI Worker FFW-SG2", "publisher": "ROBOTIS US", "url": "https://robotis.us/ai-worker-ffw-sg2-us/" }, { "id": "hs-c61a2a3845", "title": "THORMANG3 introduction", "publisher": "ROBOTIS e-Manual", "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/platform/thormang3/introduction/" }, { "id": "hs-ae6ce6d9b2", "title": "ROBOTIS-THORMANG-MPC (THORMANG3 ROS packages)", "publisher": "ROBOTIS on GitHub", "url": "https://github.com/ROBOTIS-GIT/ROBOTIS-THORMANG-MPC" }, { "id": "hs-e2229bcec4", "title": "IGRIS-C", "publisher": "ROBROS", "url": "https://www.robros.co.kr/ko/igrisc" }, { "id": "hs-f5a2944c35", "title": "History", "publisher": "ROBROS", "url": "https://www.robros.co.kr/ko/history" }, { "id": "hs-28afdab5a4", "title": "Wheeled Dual-Arm Robot Helios", "publisher": "ROKAE", "url": "https://www.rokae.com/en/product/show/596/Wheeled-Dual-Arm-Robot-Helios.html" }, { "id": "hs-d32fb8b972", "title": "Humanoid Robot Human.X", "publisher": "ROKAE", "url": "https://www.rokae.com/en/product/show/597/Humanoid-Robot-Human.X.html" }, { "id": "hs-c8bae840f2", "title": "ROKAE news", "publisher": "ROKAE", "url": "https://www.rokae.com/en/news/" }, { "id": "hs-378c460ad2", "title": "REEM-C", "publisher": "ROS Robots", "url": "https://robots.ros.org/reem-c/" }, { "id": "hs-c12f2f77cd", "title": "Robots/TUlip", "publisher": "ROS Wiki", "url": "https://wiki.ros.org/Robots/TUlip" }, { "id": "hs-c89c7efce3", "title": "New mobile manipulator: TIAGo robot", "publisher": "ROS.org", "url": "https://www.ros.org/news/2015/02/new-mobile-manipulator-tiago-robot.html" }, { "id": "hs-776fe47804", "title": "Robots Using ROS: Meka's M1 Mobile Manipulation Platform", "publisher": "ROS.org (Open Robotics)", "url": "https://www.ros.org/news/2011/02/robots-using-ros-mekas-m1-mobile-manipulation-platform.html" }, { "id": "hs-26a0737548", "title": "From a Lab-Born Challenge (company history)", "publisher": "Rainbow Robotics", "url": "https://rainbow-robotics.com/en/company/heritage-story/" }, { "id": "hs-d32706dc44", "title": "RBY Series (RB-Y1, RB-Y2 coming soon)", "publisher": "Rainbow Robotics", "url": "https://rainbow-robotics.com/en/products/mobile-humanoid/rb-y-series/" }, { "id": "hs-ccf5f576f9", "title": "About Rainbow Robotics", "publisher": "Rainbow Robotics", "url": "https://rainbow-robotics.com/en/company/about/" }, { "id": "hs-88596c946f", "title": "RB-Y1 product page", "publisher": "Rainbow Robotics", "url": "https://www.rainbow-robotics.com/en/products/rb-y1" }, { "id": "hs-6210e8495c", "title": "RealBot-01 wheeled humanoid robot", "publisher": "RealMan Robotics", "url": "https://www.realman-robotics.com/en/products/realbot-humanoid.html" }, { "id": "hs-463ce253d6", "title": "Realbotix investor site", "publisher": "Realbotix", "url": "https://www.realbotix.ai/" }, { "id": "hs-172db17c6f", "title": "Realbotix", "publisher": "Realbotix", "url": "https://www.realbotix.com/" }, { "id": "hs-b59f3f85ef", "title": "Reflex Robotics", "publisher": "Reflex Robotics", "url": "https://www.reflexrobotics.com/" }, { "id": "hs-a45cee3411", "title": "Calvin, a new generation robot is born", "publisher": "Renault Group", "url": "https://www.renaultgroup.com/en/magazine/technology/calvin-a-new-generation-robot-is-born/" }, { "id": "hs-e26ef2f8a3", "title": "A mobile autonomous humanoid assistant (Diftler et al.)", "publisher": "ResearchGate", "url": "https://researchgate.net/profile/Myron_Diftler/publication/4150007_A_mobile_autonomous_humanoid_assistant/links/00b4952a5494f163a0000000/A-mobile-autonomous-humanoid-assistant.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-b653a5b710", "title": "A Musculoskeletal Flexible-Spine Humanoid Kotaro Aiming at the Future in 15 Years Time", "publisher": "ResearchGate (paper PDF)", "url": "https://researchgate.net/profile/Ikuo-Mizuuchi/publication/221710009_A_Musculoskeletal_Flexible-Spine_Humanoid_Kotaro_Aiming_at_the_Future_in_15_Years_Time/links/0deec521f2f0288e95000000/A-Musculoskeletal-Flexible-Spine-Humanoid-Kotaro-Aiming-at-the-Future-in-15-Years-Time.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-59097e548b", "title": "China's humanoid robots: Unitree, AgiBot and Tesla Optimus", "publisher": "Rest of World", "url": "https://restofworld.org/2026/china-humanoid-robots-unitree-agibot-tesla-optimus/" }, { "id": "hs-511aa25e68", "title": "Humanoid robot aims to be affordable home help", "publisher": "Reuters (via Interaksyon)", "url": "https://interaksyon.philstar.com/infotek/2017/04/29/69054/watch-humanoid-robot-aims-to-be-affordable-home-help/" }, { "id": "hs-d5a5d7067c", "title": "Exclusive: Chinese robot maker AgiBot plans Hong Kong IPO next year, sources say", "publisher": "Reuters via Yahoo Finance", "url": "https://finance.yahoo.com/news/exclusive-chinese-robot-maker-agibot-091938722.html" }, { "id": "hs-54b84115e6", "title": "Richtech Robotics offers first look at Dex", "publisher": "Richtech Robotics", "url": "https://ir.richtechrobotics.com/news-releases/news-release-details/richtech-robotics-offers-first-look-dex-mobile-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-11b9b6441f", "title": "NVIDIA GTC Washington DC", "publisher": "Richtech Robotics", "url": "https://richtechrobotics.com/resources/dex-at-gtc-dc" }, { "id": "hs-15cbc2cf88", "title": "CHARLI: Cognitive Humanoid Autonomous Robot with Learning Intelligence", "publisher": "RoMeLa (Robotics & Mechanisms Laboratory)", "url": "https://romela.org/?p=20381" }, { "id": "hs-09cf458b11", "title": "ARTEMIS: An Open-Source, Full-sized Humanoid Robot for Dynamic Locomotion", "publisher": "RoMeLa, UCLA", "url": "https://artemis.romela.org/" }, { "id": "hs-b7c9c8dbbf", "title": "About RoMeLa", "publisher": "RoMeLa, UCLA", "url": "https://www.romela.org/about/" }, { "id": "hs-08243393f3", "title": "Robovie R3 robot is much better yet cheaper than previous version", "publisher": "Robaid", "url": "https://www.robaid.com/robotics/robovie-r3-robot-is-much-better-yet-cheaper-than-previous-version.htm" }, { "id": "hs-92eca605b8", "title": "Robbyant home page", "publisher": "Robbyant", "url": "https://www.robbyant.com/" }, { "id": "hs-8c7431c044", "title": "The New Possibilities of Robot Soccer with High-Performance Small Size Humanoids Robot", "publisher": "RoboCup Asia-Pacific 2025", "url": "https://2025.robocupap.org/2025/04/02/the-new-possibilities-of-robot-soccer-with-high-performance-small-size-humanoids-robot" }, { "id": "hs-d69339cb53", "title": "RoboCup Humanoid Robot Program", "publisher": "RoboCup Federation", "url": "https://robotprogram.robocup.org/" }, { "id": "hs-5d95b1874b", "title": "NimbRo AdultSize robot specifications (RoboCup 2018 qualification)", "publisher": "RoboCup Humanoid League", "url": "https://humanoid.robocup.org/qualification/2018/AdultSize/NimbRo/specs.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-77fdc502a5", "title": "News history of www.tzi.de/spl/", "publisher": "RoboCup Standard Platform League", "url": "https://spl.robocup.org/news-history/" }, { "id": "hs-fbcdfcd5f2", "title": "Estun's Codroid 02 humanoid robot", "publisher": "RoboPub", "url": "https://robopub.substack.com/p/estuns-codroid-02-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-0a18d88d2f", "title": "NASA JSC unveils Valkyrie DRC robot (IEEE Spectrum repost)", "publisher": "Robohub", "url": "https://robohub.org/nasa-jsc-unveils-valkyrie-drc-robot-ieee-spectrum/" }, { "id": "hs-16894eacec", "title": "Rethink Robotics launches Baxter the robot", "publisher": "Robohub", "url": "https://robohub.org/rethink-robotics-launches-baxter-the-robot" }, { "id": "hs-110c61521c", "title": "VLAI launches new-generation K1 mobile dual-arm humanoid", "publisher": "Robot Lecture Hall (Baijiahao)", "url": "https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1873392377059375531&wfr=spider&for=pc" }, { "id": "hs-b910bf2dc3", "title": "HL Human prototype unveiled", "publisher": "Robot Start (ロボスタ)", "url": "https://robotstart.info/2025/07/01/hl-human.html" }, { "id": "hs-157fc5ce29", "title": "World first: giant humanoid heavy-machine robot introduced for JR West railway maintenance", "publisher": "Robot Start via livedoor News", "url": "https://news.livedoor.com/article/detail/26818319/" }, { "id": "hs-b748507d4a", "title": "Cruzr", "publisher": "RobotLAB", "url": "https://www.robotlab.com/store/cruzr/" }, { "id": "hs-4a0ce6385a", "title": "Walker humanoid service robot", "publisher": "RobotLAB", "url": "https://robotlab.com/store/walker-humanoid-service-robot" }, { "id": "hs-6f32fbe188", "title": "Unitree H2 Humanoid Robot", "publisher": "RobotShop Canada", "url": "https://ca.robotshop.com/products/unitree-h2-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-7b3ef59a6c", "title": "LimX Dynamics debuts full-size humanoid robot starting at $21,800", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2025/08/01/limx-dynamics-debuts-full%E2%80%91size-humanoid-robot-starting-at-21800/93453/" }, { "id": "hs-56c772eaf5", "title": "Shanghai Electric unveils humanoids and industrial robots and AI smart factory technologies", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2026/07/30/shanghai-electric-unveils-humanoids-and-industrial-robots-and-ai-smart-factory-technologies/103773/" }, { "id": "hs-6ae9892c3a", "title": "Interview with CEO of Minerva Humanoids", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2026/10/07/interview-with-ceo-of-minerva-humanoids-roger-is-engineered-to-be-the-best-possible-avatar/105625/" }, { "id": "hs-323d18ca5e", "title": "Techman Robot unveils humanoid prototype, aims for 2026 launch", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2025/08/27/techman-robot-unveils-humanoid-prototype-aims-for-2026-launch/93937/" }, { "id": "hs-eb4041b989", "title": "Shanghai Electric debuts its first 'industrial humanoid robots'", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2025/08/04/shanghai-electric-debuts-its-first-industrial-humanoid-robots/93477/" }, { "id": "hs-4ca9cf3c72", "title": "Hyundai launches humanoid robot 'DAL-e' for customer service", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2021/01/26/hyundai-launches-humanoid-robot-dal-e-for-customer-service/39904/" }, { "id": "hs-ebf2389cc4", "title": "Kawasaki develops nurse assistant robot with Foxconn", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2025/07/04/kawasaki-develops-nurse-assistant-robot-with-foxconn/92886/" }, { "id": "hs-b4ee81364a", "title": "Agility unveils Digit 5 humanoid as orders exceed $300 million ahead of public listing", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2026/09/17/agility-unveils-digit-5-humanoid-as-orders-exceed-300-million-ahead-of-public-listing/104857/" }, { "id": "hs-98426ca7b1", "title": "Nvidia unveils open humanoid robot platform for robotics research", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2026/06/11/nvidia-unveils-open-humanoid-robot-platform-for-robotics-research/102480/" }, { "id": "hs-88020cf21e", "title": "Leading humanoid roboticist unveils new android", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2018/08/09/leading-humanoid-roboticist-unveils-new-android/18757/" }, { "id": "hs-b7ca6e872d", "title": "Italian scientists demonstrate flying humanoid robot", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2025/06/20/italian-scientists-demonstrate-flying-humanoid-robot/92406/" }, { "id": "hs-042df11831", "title": "Russian startup showcases humanoid robot that falls over on stage", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2025/11/17/russian-startup-showcases-humanoid-robot-that-falls-over-on-stage/96675/" }, { "id": "hs-c19b4af6ac", "title": "Japanese nursing home operator Charm Care invests in humanoid company Donut Robotics", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2026/10/05/japanese-nursing-home-operator-charm-care-invests-in-humanoid-company-donut-robotics/105545/" }, { "id": "hs-82419b1be5", "title": "Eclipse Automation demonstrates cyber-physical systems to Manufacturing Leadership Council members", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2025/10/21/eclipse-automation-demonstrates-cyber-physical-systems-to-manufacturing-leadership-council-members/95684/" }, { "id": "hs-c2697d8949", "title": "Foxconn, Nvidia and Kawasaki partner to develop AI-powered nursing robot", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2025/05/20/foxconn-and-nvidia-partner-to-develop-ai-powered-nursing-robot/91022/" }, { "id": "hs-5cadcb30f1", "title": "Techman Robot showcases humanoid system with motion capture training at GTC 2026", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2026/03/20/techman-robot-showcases-humanoid-system-with-motion-capture-training-at-gtc-2026/99999/" }, { "id": "hs-5b3eb30a85", "title": "IDC data shows AgiBot led global humanoid robot shipments in H1 2026", "publisher": "Robotics & Automation News", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2026/10/02/idc-data-shows-agibot-led-global-humanoid-robot-shipments-in-h1-2026/105463/" }, { "id": "hs-d3f9de6a11", "title": "Ameca Humanoid Robot From Engineered Arts to Debut at CES 2022", "publisher": "Robotics 24/7", "url": "https://robotics247.com/article/ameca_humanoid_robot_engineered_arts_debuts_ces_2022" }, { "id": "hs-6b26a0b73d", "title": "CES 2026: Boston Dynamics unveils new Atlas humanoid robot", "publisher": "Robotics 24/7", "url": "https://www.robotics247.com/article/ces-2026-boston-dynamics-unveils-new-atlas-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-b76fb338f9", "title": "1X announces NEO pre-order details with $200 deposit", "publisher": "Robotics 24/7", "url": "https://www.robotics247.com/article/video_1x_announces_neo_consumer_ready_humanoid_robot_pre_order_details_with_200_deposit" }, { "id": "hs-18eead67f7", "title": "Hexagon launches AEON humanoid powered by NVIDIA", "publisher": "Robotics 24/7", "url": "https://www.robotics247.com/article/hexagon_launches_aeon_humanoid_powered_by_nvidia" }, { "id": "hs-7152baa8f6", "title": "Richtech Robotics launches Dex mobile humanoid robot", "publisher": "Robotics 24/7", "url": "https://www.robotics247.com/article/richtech_robotics_launches_dex_mobile_humanoid_robot" }, { "id": "hs-cd32bad452", "title": "Apptronik closes over $935M Series A with new $520M extension round", "publisher": "Robotics 24/7", "url": "https://www.robotics247.com/article/apptronik-closes-over-935m-series-a-with-new-520m-extension-round" }, { "id": "hs-870d825bd5", "title": "Unitree H1 earns two gold medals at World Humanoid Robot Games", "publisher": "Robotics 24/7", "url": "https://www.robotics247.com/article/unitree_h1_earns_two_gold_medals_at_world_humanoid_robot_games" }, { "id": "hs-2e66e00728", "title": "Automatica 2025: NEURA Robotics unveils 3rd generation 4NE1 humanoid", "publisher": "Robotics 24/7", "url": "https://www.robotics247.com/article/automatica-2025-neura-robotics-unveils-3rd-generation-4ne1-humanoid" }, { "id": "hs-364ea2ca6b", "title": "Aeolus debuts aeo dual-arm humanoid robot at CES 2023", "publisher": "Robotics 24/7", "url": "https://www.robotics247.com/article/aeolus_debuts_aeo_dual_arm_humanoid_robot_ces_2023" }, { "id": "hs-7fe232daa4", "title": "Rotaku opens reservations for Domo humanoid robot platform with an under $3K price tag", "publisher": "Robotics 24/7", "url": "https://www.robotics247.com/article/rotaku-opens-reservations-for-domo-humanoid-robot-platform-with-an-under-3k-price-tag" }, { "id": "hs-75d33c8573", "title": "1X opens NEO humanoid robot factory in California", "publisher": "Robotics 24/7", "url": "https://www.robotics247.com/article/1x-opens-neo-humanoid-robot-factory-in-california" }, { "id": "hs-a4f8ff1e79", "title": "Booster T2 listing", "publisher": "Robotics Center (distributor)", "url": "https://www.roboticscenter.ai/store/product/booster-t2" }, { "id": "hs-a4e588190e", "title": "Westwood Robotics debuting next-gen THEMIS humanoid", "publisher": "Robotics Summit & Expo", "url": "https://www.roboticssummit.com/westwood-robotics-debuting-next-gen-themis-humanoid/" }, { "id": "hs-13a75760e1", "title": "WorkFar Robotics Unleashes Sentient Humanoid Robots \"Syntro\" into the WorkForce", "publisher": "Robotics Tomorrow", "url": "https://www.roboticstomorrow.com/news/2024/08/09/workfar-robotics-unleashes-sentient-humanoid-robots-syntro-into-the-workforce/22949/" }, { "id": "hs-b8baf68f97", "title": "Oversonic Robotics: STMicroelectronics, Fondazione ENEA Tech Biomedical and SpotInvest acquire a stake", "publisher": "Robotics Tomorrow", "url": "https://www.roboticstomorrow.com/news/2026/06/23/oversonic-robotics-stmicroelectronics-fondazione-enea-tech-biomedical-and-spotinvest-acquire-a-stake-in-the-company/26762/" }, { "id": "hs-0100e4c746", "title": "Demonstrating Berkeley Humanoid Lite", "publisher": "Robotics: Science and Systems XXI", "url": "https://roboticsproceedings.org/rss21/p062.html" }, { "id": "hs-94004edfb3", "title": "Roboy project site", "publisher": "Roboy", "url": "https://www.roboy.org/" }, { "id": "hs-3c8aedec93", "title": "Persona AI reports $65.4M sold toward a planned $142M offering", "publisher": "Runtime Wire", "url": "https://runtimewire.com/article/persona-ai-sells-65m-planned-142m-humanoid-robot-offering" }, { "id": "hs-e48e7874a2", "title": "Unitree previews humanoid it says can sprint at 12.66 m/s", "publisher": "Runtime Wire", "url": "https://runtimewire.com/article/unitree-superman-humanoid-robot-speed-jump-preview" }, { "id": "hs-749a47552a", "title": "Startup Spotlight: OS3 deploys HALE 1.0 in hospitality, starting with autonomous towel folding", "publisher": "RuntimeWire", "url": "https://runtimewire.com/article/startup-spotlight-os3-hale-humanoid-robot-hotel-laundry" }, { "id": "hs-eb3c0993a5", "title": "Feather Robotics developer robot platform", "publisher": "RuntimeWire", "url": "https://runtimewire.com/article/feather-robotics-developer-robot-platform" }, { "id": "hs-bb2b648488", "title": "Review of Waseda anthropomorphic music robots (Int. J. Advanced Robotic Systems)", "publisher": "SAGE Journals", "url": "https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.5772/59232" }, { "id": "hs-9aeebd6c15", "title": "China's humanoid arms race: start-ups debut robots for stores, offices and factories", "publisher": "SCMP via Yahoo Tech", "url": "https://tech.yahoo.com/general/articles/chinas-humanoid-arms-race-start-093000545.html" }, { "id": "hs-77f003a7ac", "title": "Company (project list: AR-600, 2008)", "publisher": "SPA Android Technics (NPO Androidnaya Tekhnika)", "url": "https://npo-at.com/en/company" }, { "id": "hs-32446c24d6", "title": "India's DRDO Bringing Humanoid Robots to the Frontline", "publisher": "SSBCrack", "url": "https://ssbcrackexams.com/indias-drdo-bringing-humanoid-robots-to-the-frontline/" }, { "id": "hs-f9b788e98f", "title": "Watch: Astribot S1 robot", "publisher": "SVC", "url": "https://www.svconline.com/proav-today/watch-astribot-s1-robot" }, { "id": "hs-4a9b8079f6", "title": "Humanoid Robot Project - SURALP", "publisher": "Sabanci University (Erbatur lab page)", "url": "https://people.sabanciuniv.edu/erbatur/humanoid%20robot%20project.html" }, { "id": "hs-92713db3f8", "title": "SURALP: a new full-body humanoid robot platform", "publisher": "Sabanci University Research Database", "url": "https://research.sabanciuniv.edu/13351" }, { "id": "hs-2e3983a328", "title": "Leju Robotics", "publisher": "Sacra", "url": "https://sacra.com/c/leju-robotics" }, { "id": "hs-bd064df4e3", "title": "Foundation", "publisher": "Sacra", "url": "https://sacra.com/c/foundation" }, { "id": "hs-52b42cdfdd", "title": "Fourier company profile", "publisher": "Sacra", "url": "https://sacra.com/c/fourier" }, { "id": "hs-749ff3db07", "title": "Samsung Electronics to Become Largest Shareholder in Rainbow Robotics Accelerating Future Robot Development", "publisher": "Samsung Electronics", "url": "https://news.samsung.com/sg/samsung-electronics-to-become-largest-shareholder-in-rainbow-robotics-accelerating-future-robot-development" }, { "id": "hs-a351a6502b", "title": "Company Info", "publisher": "Samsung Electronics", "url": "https://www.samsung.com/uk/about-us/company-info/" }, { "id": "hs-6473d31b02", "title": "Sanctuary AI unveils Phoenix", "publisher": "Sanctuary AI", "url": "https://sanctuaryai.substack.com/p/sanctuary-ai-unveils-phoenix-a-humanoid" }, { "id": "hs-49f6906c87", "title": "Sanctuary AI Releases New Generation of AI Robots for High Quality Data Capture", "publisher": "Sanctuary AI", "url": "https://sanctuary.ai/news/sanctuary-ai-releases-new-generation-of-ai-robots-for-high-quality-data-capture/" }, { "id": "hs-2dc268acff", "title": "News", "publisher": "Sanctuary AI", "url": "https://www.sanctuary.ai/news" }, { "id": "hs-baee73ec66", "title": "Rebuilding Eric: The UK’s first robot", "publisher": "Science Museum", "url": "https://blog.sciencemuseum.org.uk/rebuilding-eric-the-uks-first-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-c9fff69d08", "title": "Replica of Eric", "publisher": "Science Museum Group Collection", "url": "https://collection.sciencemuseumgroup.org.uk/objects/co8564641/replica-of-eric" }, { "id": "hs-07cad2cb8f", "title": "This robot will clean your home and do your laundry", "publisher": "Science Norway", "url": "https://www.sciencenorway.no/artificial-intelligence-robotics-robots/this-robot-will-clean-your-home-and-do-your-laundry/2368153" }, { "id": "hs-4a5b81f3dc", "title": "Kinetix AI launches first full-size humanoid KAI", "publisher": "Science and Technology Daily", "url": "https://www.stdaily.com/web/gdxw/2026-05/03/content_511543.html" }, { "id": "hs-cc760f25e8", "title": "Wheeled Dual-arm Robot Adapts to Diverse Tasks", "publisher": "Science and Technology Daily", "url": "https://www.stdaily.com/web/English/2026-07/24/content_553153.html" }, { "id": "hs-4a2318ee5e", "title": "Zhejiang humanoids at WRC 2026", "publisher": "Science and Technology Daily", "url": "https://www.stdaily.com/web/gdxw/2026-08/27/content_570921.html" }, { "id": "hs-24887da7e5", "title": "Humanoid robot maker CASBOT completes nearly 100 million yuan funding", "publisher": "Science and Technology Daily", "url": "https://www.stdaily.com/web/gdxw/2025-06/26/content_360833.html" }, { "id": "hs-a4dd5fa6d3", "title": "世界机器人大会报道 (Galaxea Nexo)", "publisher": "Science and Technology Daily (科技日报)", "url": "https://www.stdaily.com/web/gdxw/2026-08/24/content_568909.html" }, { "id": "hs-8815f76d09", "title": "UCSD introduces Diego-san (UC San Diego release, Jan 2013)", "publisher": "ScienceDaily", "url": "https://sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/01/130109185652.htm" }, { "id": "hs-d8401e1d4c", "title": "逛投洽会看前沿科技，企业抢滩出海忙", "publisher": "Securities Times (via Stockstar)", "url": "https://wap.stockstar.com/detail/IG2026090900002775" }, { "id": "hs-7fcc3e9f6f", "title": "Aeolus debuts humanoid robot at CES", "publisher": "Security Systems News", "url": "https://www.securitysystemsnews.com/article/aeolus-debuts-humanoid-robot-at-ces" }, { "id": "hs-350de947cd", "title": "Design of android type humanoid robot Albert HUBO", "publisher": "Seoul National University of Science and Technology", "url": "https://pure.seoultech.ac.kr/en/publications/design-of-android-type-humanoid-robot-albert-hubo/" }, { "id": "hs-0565b575b3", "title": "Shanghai-made robot excels in world's first humanoid half-marathon", "publisher": "Shanghai Municipal Government", "url": "https://english.shanghai.gov.cn/en-IndustrialInnovation-Scitechcenter/20250422/e446327b735441f1ba646ef834e1d232.html" }, { "id": "hs-8c21beab57", "title": "Humanoid robot manufacturers in Zhangjiang see increasing orders", "publisher": "Shanghai Pudong Government", "url": "https://english.pudong.gov.cn/chinashftz/2025-08/21/c_1123562.htm" }, { "id": "hs-a006b4e25e", "title": "About Shanghai Electric", "publisher": "Shanghai SMEC Enterprise Co., Ltd. (Shanghai Electric Group subsidiary)", "url": "https://shanghaielectric-smec.com/about-us/" }, { "id": "hs-5bc87d090d", "title": "Unitree IPO draws spotlight to China's fast-growing humanoid robot sector (China Daily)", "publisher": "Shanghai Stock Exchange", "url": "https://english.sse.com.cn/news/newsrelease/voice/c/c_20260811_10828578.shtml" }, { "id": "hs-2ed2e99eec", "title": "EngineAI taking orders for 'worker robot'", "publisher": "Shenzhen Development and Reform Commission", "url": "https://drc.sz.gov.cn/ywb/szxw/ztbd/content/post_12533344.html" }, { "id": "hs-bc44cfddf4", "title": "新松亮相第七届辽洽会，具身智能擘画振兴新篇章", "publisher": "Siasun", "url": "https://www.siasun.com/news-detail1024.html" }, { "id": "hs-1140dc32f3", "title": "Hugging Face acquisition", "publisher": "Sifted", "url": "https://sifted.eu/articles/hugging-face-acquisition" }, { "id": "hs-b6154088a2", "title": "Wandercraft raises $75m Series D", "publisher": "Sifted", "url": "https://sifted.eu/articles/wandercraft-75m-series-d" }, { "id": "hs-f6bd0ebc2c", "title": "UK's Humanoid unveils HMND 01", "publisher": "Silicon Canals", "url": "https://siliconcanals.com/uks-humanoid-unveils-hmnd-01/" }, { "id": "hs-d69885b7b6", "title": "Realbotix Unveils New Robotic Technology At CES 2025", "publisher": "Silicon UK (press release)", "url": "https://www.silicon.co.uk/press-release/realbotix-unveils-new-robotic-technology-at-ces-2025" }, { "id": "hs-ffc0788d00", "title": "Report on the Qiyuan T1 launch event (20 Sep 2026)", "publisher": "Sina (资讯中国)", "url": "https://news.sina.cn/sx/2026-09-21/detail-inispynh6018221.d.html" }, { "id": "hs-f6441de9b0", "title": "Speech by Minister of State Alvin Tan at Sharpa Physical AI Summit", "publisher": "Singapore Ministry of Trade and Industry", "url": "https://www.mti.gov.sg/newsroom/speech-by-minister-of-state-alvin-tan-at-sharpa-physical-ai-summit/" }, { "id": "hs-458ed1e504", "title": "Speech by Minister of State Alvin Tan at Sharpa Physical AI Summit", "publisher": "Singapore Ministry of Trade and Industry", "url": "https://www.meti.gov.sg/newsroom/speech-by-minister-of-state-alvin-tan-at-sharpa-physical-ai-summit/" }, { "id": "hs-a4ca6d6121", "title": "Toyota's robot violinist wows crowd at Shanghai Expo 2010", "publisher": "Singularity Hub", "url": "https://singularityhub.com/2010/05/23/toyotas-robot-violinist-wows-crowd-at-shanghai-expo-2010-video" }, { "id": "hs-2ff797c8ca", "title": "HUBO 2 robot shows off (video)", "publisher": "Singularity Hub", "url": "https://singularityhub.com/2009/11/19/hubo-2-robot-shows-off-video/" }, { "id": "hs-d20937bd6a", "title": "Kawada unveils new athletic-looking bipedal robot HRP-4", "publisher": "Singularity Hub", "url": "https://singularityhub.com/2010/09/16/kawada-unveils-new-athletic-looking-bipedal-robot-hrp4-video/" }, { "id": "hs-6f4af0e362", "title": "Linux-powered humanoid robot on sale Friday", "publisher": "Slashdot", "url": "https://hardware.slashdot.org/story/05/09/20/0448208/linux-powered-humanoid-robot-on-sale-friday" }, { "id": "hs-352d98c05c", "title": "Andromeda raises $23 million for robot Abi and US expansion", "publisher": "SmartCompany", "url": "https://www.smartcompany.com.au/startupsmart/andromeda-raises-23-million-robot-abi-grace-brown-us-expansion/" }, { "id": "hs-144ce178a7", "title": "SoftBank Mobile and Aldebaran Unveil 'Pepper'", "publisher": "SoftBank", "url": "https://www.softbank.jp/en/corp/group/sbm/news/press/2014/20140605_01/" }, { "id": "hs-9af4bcf4bf", "title": "SoftBank to Launch Sales of 'Pepper' — the World's First Personal Robot That Reads Emotions — on June 20", "publisher": "SoftBank", "url": "https://www.softbank.jp/en/corp/group/sbm/news/press/2015/20150618_01/" }, { "id": "hs-a739a4b2a6", "title": "Establishing an international robotics key player: German United Robotics Group acquires SoftBank Robotics Europe in Paris", "publisher": "SoftBank Robotics Group", "url": "https://www.softbankrobotics.com/news/20220412a/" }, { "id": "hs-2b5a4271c1", "title": "Small Biped Entertainment Robot \"QRIO\" Appointed as Sony Group's Corporate Ambassador", "publisher": "Sony", "url": "https://www.sony.com/en/SonyInfo/News/Press/200310/03-1001E/" }, { "id": "hs-fde36557f0", "title": "World's First Running Humanoid Robot", "publisher": "Sony", "url": "https://www.sony.com/en/SonyInfo/News/Press/200312/03-060E/" }, { "id": "hs-e4ae27e047", "title": "Corporate Data", "publisher": "Sony Group Corporation", "url": "https://www.sony.com/en/SonyInfo/CorporateInfo/data/" }, { "id": "hs-0711e01d2d", "title": "Sony Marketing exhibits at CareTEX Tokyo '24, including child-type care robot Hanamoflor (reference exhibit)", "publisher": "Sony Japan (BRAVIA business)", "url": "https://www.sony.jp/bravia-biz/info2/20240222.html" }, { "id": "hs-75e1d8ea6d", "title": "Can Olaf the animatronic be spotted in World of Frozen?", "publisher": "Sortiraparis", "url": "https://www.sortiraparis.com/en/what-to-visit-in-paris/walks/articles/342983-disneyland-paris-is-olaf-the-animatronic-visible-in-world-of-frozen" }, { "id": "hs-a912ae4b76", "title": "First-Ever Full Tour of Figure's Humanoid HQ", "publisher": "Sourcery", "url": "https://www.sourcery.vc/p/breaking-first-ever-full-tour-of" }, { "id": "hs-a7071b813e", "title": "Former Huawei genius youth recruit launches humanoid robots to rival Tesla's Optimus", "publisher": "South China Morning Post", "url": "https://scmp.com/tech/tech-trends/article/3275069/former-huawei-genius-youth-recruit-launches-humanoid-robots-rival-teslas-optimus" }, { "id": "hs-ee939cfd84", "title": "Chinese robotics firm Shenzhen Dobot excites investors with US$27,500 humanoid", "publisher": "South China Morning Post", "url": "https://www.scmp.com/tech/tech-trends/article/3302868/chinese-robotics-firm-shenzhen-dobot-excites-investors-us27500-humanoid" }, { "id": "hs-a6183a5904", "title": "China's Ant Group unveils first humanoid robot, entering segment led by Unitree", "publisher": "South China Morning Post", "url": "https://www.scmp.com/tech/big-tech/article/3325222/unit-chinas-ant-group-unveils-first-humanoid-robot-entering-segment-led-unitree" }, { "id": "hs-80b5a10125", "title": "Meet Valkyrie: NASA's Superhero-Like Walking Robot Unmasked", "publisher": "Space.com", "url": "https://www.space.com/23929-nasa-valkyrie-humanoid-robot.html" }, { "id": "hs-a2e367b1e5", "title": "Robot Butler Hitching Ride to Space on Shuttle Discovery", "publisher": "Space.com", "url": "https://space.com/10920-space-robot-shuttle-discovery-robonaut2.html" }, { "id": "hs-739720aad8", "title": "华为开发者大会2025 | 千寻智能携最新人形机器人Moz1邀您共赴盛会", "publisher": "Spirit AI", "url": "https://www.spirit-ai.com/news/9" }, { "id": "hs-0a6a1f3be2", "title": "千寻智能全力控人形机器人Moz1重磅发布", "publisher": "Spirit AI", "url": "https://www.spirit-ai.com/news/10" }, { "id": "hs-c9b41c7d20", "title": "Product", "publisher": "Spirit AI", "url": "https://www.spirit-ai.com/product" }, { "id": "hs-89e06d6db2", "title": "JD leads Spirit AI PreA+ round", "publisher": "Spirit AI", "url": "https://www.spirit-ai.com/news/11" }, { "id": "hs-0de194fb0b", "title": "Embodied robots deployed at scale on CATL battery line", "publisher": "Spirit AI", "url": "https://www.spirit-ai.com/news/22" }, { "id": "hs-b9ea8b4609", "title": "Spirit AI completes nearly 2 billion yuan financing", "publisher": "Spirit AI", "url": "https://www.spirit-ai.com/news/26" }, { "id": "hs-90b8f0ebd0", "title": "News", "publisher": "Spirit AI", "url": "https://www.spirit-ai.com/news" }, { "id": "hs-e3b7078bff", "title": "EMYS - Emotive Head of a Social Robot (Int. J. Social Robotics, 2013)", "publisher": "Springer", "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12369-013-0183-1" }, { "id": "hs-fb1b90a7b0", "title": "Ocean One", "publisher": "Stanford CS Manipulation group", "url": "https://cs.stanford.edu/group/manips/ocean-one.html" }, { "id": "hs-e8366a49c0", "title": "ARMAR-7 demo", "publisher": "Stanford Robotics Center", "url": "https://src.stanford.edu/demo/armar" }, { "id": "hs-6969cf5348", "title": "Ocean One", "publisher": "Stanford Robotics Lab (Khatib)", "url": "https://khatib.stanford.edu/ocean-one.html" }, { "id": "hs-cb73928a4f", "title": "Personal Robotics (PR1)", "publisher": "Stanford Salisbury Robotics Lab", "url": "https://sr.stanford.edu/?p=509" }, { "id": "hs-729b63066e", "title": "SDR-3X (Stanford Broad Area Colloquium, Kuroki)", "publisher": "Stanford University", "url": "https://graphics.stanford.edu/courses/ba-colloquium/previous/fall03/kuroki.html" }, { "id": "hs-61a00f1221", "title": "Oussama Khatib", "publisher": "Stanford University", "url": "https://khatib.stanford.edu/" }, { "id": "hs-6767227aa2", "title": "Personal Robotics", "publisher": "Stanford University, Salisbury Robotics Lab", "url": "https://sr.stanford.edu/?page_id=509" }, { "id": "hs-cfa5b31080", "title": "Sunday launches Memo", "publisher": "StreetInsider (press release)", "url": "https://www.streetinsider.com/Press+Releases/Sunday+Launches+Memo%2C+the+Robot+That+Actually+Learns+Your+Home/25637013.html" }, { "id": "hs-05b79eb554", "title": "Sunday: Memo", "publisher": "Sunday", "url": "https://www.sunday.ai/" }, { "id": "hs-0547e30b26", "title": "Rethink Robotics reveals Baxter", "publisher": "Supply Chain Digest", "url": "https://www.scdigest.com/ontarget/12-09-19-2.php?cid=6221" }, { "id": "hs-eee62d6e64", "title": "onero H1", "publisher": "SwitchBot", "url": "https://www.switch-bot.com/products/onero-h1" }, { "id": "hs-fe7d17e29f", "title": "The humanoid robot FRED is built for speed and on display at Expo 2025 Osaka, Kansai", "publisher": "THK", "url": "https://www.thk.com/jp/en/journal/products/article-02072025-1.html" }, { "id": "hs-34e2437b8b", "title": "T1 bipedal humanoid robot", "publisher": "TLIBOT", "url": "https://www.tlibot.com/product_detail/36.html" }, { "id": "hs-54dcec9e16", "title": "CASBOT 02 JD.com launch", "publisher": "TMTPost", "url": "https://www.tmtpost.com/7534727.html" }, { "id": "hs-6a8b23615e", "title": "Tencent-backed Leju Robot files for an IPO in Shenzhen", "publisher": "TMTPost", "url": "https://www.tmtpost.com/7997435.html" }, { "id": "hs-58156385a7", "title": "Noetix Robotics Wins Two Golds and One Silver at Global Humanoid Robotics Games (PR Newswire)", "publisher": "TNGlobal", "url": "https://technode.global/prnasia/noetix-robotics-wins-two-golds-and-one-silver-at-global-humanoid-robotics-games/" }, { "id": "hs-f8e480e86b", "title": "SIM group", "publisher": "TU Darmstadt", "url": "https://www.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/sim/sim_start/index.en.jsp" }, { "id": "hs-a281b8bd7f", "title": "Platforms & Achievements: Humanoid Robot Kid Size: Bruno and Jan", "publisher": "TU Darmstadt, Darmstadt Dribblers", "url": "https://dribbling-dackels.informatik.tu-darmstadt.de/research/achievements.en.php" }, { "id": "hs-5479fd392a", "title": "Lola (humanoid robot project page)", "publisher": "TUM Chair of Applied Mechanics", "url": "https://www.mec.ed.tum.de/en/am/research/completed-projects/humanoid-robotics/lola/" }, { "id": "hs-bf713df575", "title": "Sensor and control aspects of biped robot JOHNNIE", "publisher": "TUM research portal (International Journal of Humanoid Robotics, 2004)", "url": "https://portal.fis.tum.de/de/publications/sensor-and-control-aspects-of-biped-robot-johnnie/" }, { "id": "hs-9722e81855", "title": "Tangible", "publisher": "Tangible", "url": "https://tangiblerobots.ai/" }, { "id": "hs-1e81430d72", "title": "Keiichiro Shibuya & The Japanese Philharmonic Dusseldorf", "publisher": "Tanzhaus NRW", "url": "https://tanzhaus-nrw.de/en/event/2019/03/keiichiro-shibuya-the-japanese-philharmonic-dusseldorf" }, { "id": "hs-e3a2a5924e", "title": "Team VALOR's ESCHER: A Novel Electromechanical Biped for the DARPA Robotics Challenge", "publisher": "Team VALOR / Journal of Field Robotics", "url": "https://algrobogroup.github.io/assets/pdf/2017-drc-jfr.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-33af9df59a", "title": "Hanson Robotics Announces 'Little Sophia', New Educational STEM Companion For Kids", "publisher": "Tech & Learning", "url": "https://www.techlearning.com/news/hanson-robotics-announces-little-sophia-new-educational-stem-companion-for-kids" }, { "id": "hs-1930698cec", "title": "'PIBOT' Humanoid Robot Can Fly a Plane from Takeoff to Landing", "publisher": "Tech Briefs", "url": "https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/31553-pibot-humanoid-robot-can-fly-a" }, { "id": "hs-ac0c97100a", "title": "Top 10 humanoid robot startups to watch in 2026, ranked by total funding", "publisher": "Tech Funding News", "url": "https://techfundingnews.com/top-humanoid-robot-startups-2026-funding/" }, { "id": "hs-ea7c954e5a", "title": "Agility Robotics goes public at a $2.5B valuation", "publisher": "Tech Funding News", "url": "https://techfundingnews.com/agility-robotics-goes-public-at-a-2-5b-valuation-and-its-humanoid-robots-are-already-working-in-warehouses/" }, { "id": "hs-6104cf7954", "title": "Apptronik raises $520M for humanoid robots", "publisher": "Tech Funding News", "url": "https://techfundingnews.com/apptronik-raises-520m-humanoid-robots/" }, { "id": "hs-43f3296846", "title": "SoftBank just sold its last slice of Boston Dynamics", "publisher": "Tech Funding News", "url": "https://techfundingnews.com/softbank-just-sold-its-last-slice-of-boston-dynamics-heres-what-that-tells-about-where-smart-robotics-money-is-going/" }, { "id": "hs-80fe9d2e26", "title": "OpenAI-backed 1X: first US humanoid factory, first-year production sold out", "publisher": "Tech Funding News", "url": "https://techfundingnews.com/openai-backed-1x-first-us-humanoid-factory-sold-out-production/" }, { "id": "hs-89561e3239", "title": "NEURA Robotics $1.4B Series C led by Tether", "publisher": "Tech Funding News", "url": "https://techfundingnews.com/neura-robotics-1-4b-series-c-tether-amazon-nvidia/" }, { "id": "hs-4caba1e8bb", "title": "Humanoid raises $152M, becomes Europe's first humanoid robotics unicorn", "publisher": "Tech Funding News", "url": "https://techfundingnews.com/humanoid-152m-europe-first-humanoid-robotics-unicorn/" }, { "id": "hs-781ea231a8", "title": "Autonomous robot Myon joins the cast at a Berlin opera", "publisher": "Tech Xplore", "url": "https://techxplore.com/news/2015-07-autonomous-robot-myon-berlin-opera.amp" }, { "id": "hs-5b518f9c85", "title": "Ubtech shows off pair of humanoid robots at CES", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2019/01/07/ubtech-shows-off-pair-of-humanoid-robots-at-ces/" }, { "id": "hs-5f16c49398", "title": "Agility's two-legged robot Digit is for sale and Ford is the first customer", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2020/01/05/agilitys-two-legged-robot-digit-is-for-sale-and-ford-is-the-first-customer/" }, { "id": "hs-9fa7e3d21a", "title": "Reflex Robotics' wheeled humanoid is here to grab you a snack", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2024/03/13/reflex-robotics-wheeled-humanoid-is-here-to-grab-you-a-snack/" }, { "id": "hs-4bbc85f7ea", "title": "Figure's $675M Series B and $2.6B valuation", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2024/02/29/figure-rides-the-humanoid-robot-hype-wave-to-2-6b-valuation-and-openai-collab/" }, { "id": "hs-87d4fcaef7", "title": "Video: Meet Mex-One, Mexico's first humanoid robot", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/?p=388554" }, { "id": "hs-dd9ce261a8", "title": "This three-person robotics startup is working with designer Yves Behar to bring humanoids home", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/13/this-three-person-robotics-startup-is-working-with-designer-yves-behar-to-bring-humanoids-home" }, { "id": "hs-a3a15f1275", "title": "OpenAI-backed 1X acquires Kind Humanoid", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2025/01/27/openai-backed-1x-acquires-kind-humanoid" }, { "id": "hs-480cead2ea", "title": "SmartPal VII: A Humanoid That Can Be Remote-Controlled Via Kinect", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2011/11/22/smartpal-vii-a-humanoid-that-can-be-remote-controlled-via-kinect-video/amp/" }, { "id": "hs-ce092e0ded", "title": "Videos: See Robovie-R Ver. 3, the robot for the elderly and disabled, in action", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/?p=153246" }, { "id": "hs-117922ff51", "title": "Robovie-R Ver. 3 to make life for the elderly and disabled easier", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2010/04/16/robovie-r-ver-3-to-make-life-for-the-elderly-and-disabled-easier" }, { "id": "hs-cfaeaedb7f", "title": "Video: Creepy German robot with learning ability", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2010/07/26/video-creepy-german-robot-with-learning-ability" }, { "id": "hs-4a1f314bdd", "title": "Video: Meet LOLA, Germany's newest (and very tall) fembot", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2010/05/06/video-meet-lola-germanys-newest-and-very-tall-fembot" }, { "id": "hs-8a60203b7a", "title": "Video: Meet AILA, a fembot made in Germany", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2010/04/23/video-meet-aila-a-fembot-made-in-germany" }, { "id": "hs-2eaae2977e", "title": "Google is closing its Schaft robotics unit after failing to find a buyer", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2018/11/14/google-is-closing-its-schaft-robotics-unit" }, { "id": "hs-e355d52e78", "title": "Why Serve Robotics is acquiring a hospital assistant robot company", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/01/20/why-serve-robotics-is-acquiring-a-hospital-assistant-robot-company" }, { "id": "hs-1ea9072597", "title": "Hugging Face buys a humanoid robotics startup", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2025/04/14/hugging-face-buys-a-humanoid-robotics-startup" }, { "id": "hs-8911797dde", "title": "Hugging Face unveils two new humanoid robots", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2025/05/29/hugging-face-unveils-two-new-humanoid-robots/" }, { "id": "hs-5a80e38d40", "title": "ENON Fujitsu robot talks shoppers into buying stuff", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2010/01/11/enon-fujitsu-robot-talks-shoppers-into-buying-stuff-videos/" }, { "id": "hs-f6ca1419cb", "title": "To serve and protect", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2016/09/02/to-serve-and-protect" }, { "id": "hs-308a81bf0a", "title": "Mobileye acquires humanoid robot startup Mentee Robotics for $900M", "publisher": "TechCrunch", "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2026/01/06/mobileye-acquires-humanoid-robot-startup-mentee-robotics-for-900m" }, { "id": "hs-d173f59b2f", "title": "Qinglong: China's first full-sized general-purpose humanoid robot unveiled at WAIC 2024", "publisher": "TechNode", "url": "https://technode.com/2024/07/05/qinglong-chinas-first-full-sized-general-purpose-humanoid-robot-unveiled-at-world-artificial-intelligence-conference-2024/" }, { "id": "hs-5389d0d73b", "title": "CATL backs Galbot in RMB 1.1 billion round", "publisher": "TechNode", "url": "https://technode.com/2025/06/25/galbot/" }, { "id": "hs-9a1730c896", "title": "China's AgiBot leads global humanoid robot shipments in 2025, Omdia says", "publisher": "TechNode", "url": "https://technode.com/2026/01/09/chinas-agibot-leads-global-humanoid-robot-shipments-in-2025-omdia-says/" }, { "id": "hs-574b381095", "title": "After new funding, Noetix explains how it built a humanoid robot cheaper than an iPhone", "publisher": "TechNode", "url": "https://technode.com/2025/10/27/after-new-funding-noetix-robotics-explains-how-it-built-a-humanoid-robot-cheaper-than-an-iphone" }, { "id": "hs-6653895e8d", "title": "LimX Dynamics raises $200 million in Series B", "publisher": "TechNode", "url": "https://technode.com/2026/02/03/limx-dynamics-raises-200-million-in-series-b-to-scale-humanoid-robotics/" }, { "id": "hs-22bd3cd164", "title": "INFIFORCE's Isabella Bai at CES 2026", "publisher": "TechNode Global (PR Newswire Asia)", "url": "https://technode.global/prnasia/infiforces-isabella-bai-at-ces-2026-china-is-moving-from-manufacturing-to-defining-next-gen-embodied-intelligence/" }, { "id": "hs-a58b9450c5", "title": "Galbot S1 Breaks Industry Load Limits with 50KG Heavy-Duty Capacity", "publisher": "TechNode Global (PR Newswire)", "url": "https://technode.global/prnasia/galbot-s1-breaks-industry-load-limits-with-50kg-heavy-duty-capacity/" }, { "id": "hs-c221539ae5", "title": "UniX AI introduces Panther", "publisher": "TechNode Global (PR Newswire)", "url": "https://technode.global/prnasia/unix-ai-introduces-panther-the-worlds-first-service-humanoid-robot-to-enter-real-household-deployment-powered-by-its-differentiated-wheeled-dual-arm-architecture/" }, { "id": "hs-eb06e8444c", "title": "Interview: BERTI robot designer (17 Feb 2009)", "publisher": "TechRadar", "url": "https://www.techradar.com/news/world-of-tech/interview-berti-robot-designer-532794" }, { "id": "hs-0cea7efcd1", "title": "Xiaomi Says CyberOne Hit 98% in Factory Trial Before IFA Demo", "publisher": "TechRepublic", "url": "https://www.techrepublic.com/article/news-xiaomi-cyberone-factory-trial-apac-china/" }, { "id": "hs-1fc85d8436", "title": "Unitree shows off new Superman robot that can outrun Usain Bolt", "publisher": "TechSpot", "url": "https://techspot.com/news/113527-unitree-shows-off-new-superman-robot-can-outrun.html" }, { "id": "hs-331a03f488", "title": "Japanese grocery chain to stock shelves with remotely controlled robot", "publisher": "TechXplore", "url": "https://techxplore.com/news/2020-09-japanese-grocery-chain-remotely-robot.html" }, { "id": "hs-16f171889b", "title": "Weave Robotics Isaac 1 home robot: price and specs", "publisher": "Techloy", "url": "https://www.techloy.com/weave-robotics-isaac-1-home-robot-price-specs/" }, { "id": "hs-9961bd67fc", "title": "Techman Robot at GTC 2026: Unveils New AI Strategy and Humanoid Robot TM Xplore I", "publisher": "Techman Robot", "url": "https://www.tm-robot.com/en/company/news/Techman-Robot-at-GTC-2026_Unveils-New-AI-Strategy-and-Humanoid-Robot-TM-Xplore-I" }, { "id": "hs-8b3e618e31", "title": "Techman Robot Launches End-to-End Physical AI Development Package", "publisher": "Techman Robot", "url": "https://www.tm-robot.com/en/company/news/Techman-Robot-Launches-End-to-End-Physical-AI-Development-Package" }, { "id": "hs-805fa166c0", "title": "Techman Robot Collaborates with NVIDIA ... Humanoid Robotics Research Community", "publisher": "Techman Robot", "url": "https://www.tm-robot.com/en/company/news/VLA-Research-Workshop" }, { "id": "hs-7e35f68c38", "title": "About Techman Robot", "publisher": "Techman Robot", "url": "https://www.tm-robot.com/en/company/about/techman-robot" }, { "id": "hs-e070144d6e", "title": "Techman Robot news", "publisher": "Techman Robot", "url": "https://www.tm-robot.com/en/company/news" }, { "id": "hs-c46e8ed8e1", "title": "About TUM", "publisher": "Technical University of Munich", "url": "https://www.tum.de/en/about-tum/" }, { "id": "hs-72396ee25e", "title": "CB: A humanoid research platform for exploring neuroscience", "publisher": "Technical University of Munich research portal", "url": "https://portal.fis.tum.de/en/publications/cb-a-humanoid-research-platform-for-exploring-neuroscience-2/" }, { "id": "hs-42e19f2777", "title": "Johnnie", "publisher": "Technical University of Munich, Chair of Applied Mechanics", "url": "https://mec.ed.tum.de/en/am/research/completed-projects/humanoid-robotics/johnnie" }, { "id": "hs-7882c25d3c", "title": "Toyota HSR (research platform)", "publisher": "Technical University of Munich, Institute for Cognitive Systems", "url": "https://www.ce.cit.tum.de/en/ics/research/platforms/hsr/" }, { "id": "hs-2ee17e4178", "title": "ALPHA", "publisher": "TeknTrash Robotics", "url": "https://www.tekntrash.com/alpha.php" }, { "id": "hs-9671b3e935", "title": "TeknTrash Robotics and Sharp Group launch humanoid robot pilot for smarter recycling (press release, 18 April 2025)", "publisher": "TeknTrash Robotics", "url": "https://www.tekntrash.com/press-release-18-04-2025.php" }, { "id": "hs-519918dae8", "title": "London humanoid pilot", "publisher": "TeknTrash Robotics", "url": "https://www.tekntrash.com/london.php" }, { "id": "hs-a4e4c5677c", "title": "Press releases", "publisher": "TeknTrash Robotics", "url": "https://www.tekntrash.com/press.php" }, { "id": "hs-eed53c3ced", "title": "TeknTrash expands into China", "publisher": "TeknTrash Robotics", "url": "https://www.tekntrash.com/press-release-11-14-2025.php" }, { "id": "hs-7c31aa9e34", "title": "Xiaomi insansi robotunu halka cikariyor", "publisher": "Teknoblog", "url": "https://www.teknoblog.com/xiaomi-insansi-robotunu-halka-cikariyor/" }, { "id": "hs-674a25b219", "title": "Unveiling a mass production prototype for MODEL H", "publisher": "Telexistence", "url": "https://tx-inc.com/?p=204" }, { "id": "hs-7814d559a1", "title": "Telexistence raises USD 170M (JPY 23bn) Series B", "publisher": "Telexistence Inc.", "url": "https://tx-inc.com/?p=12082" }, { "id": "hs-b85372b97d", "title": "国产双足人形机器人灵宝CASBOT 01发布 (TMTPost via Tencent News)", "publisher": "Tencent News / TMTPost", "url": "https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20241114A01ZTT00" }, { "id": "hs-69c7bbb3a8", "title": "Tesla 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K", "publisher": "Tesla", "url": "https://ir.tesla.com/_flysystem/s3/sec/000162828026003952/tsla-20251231-gen.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-a7f44c000c", "title": "AI & Robotics", "publisher": "Tesla", "url": "https://www.tesla.com/AI" }, { "id": "hs-4170cb5700", "title": "About Us", "publisher": "Tesla", "url": "https://www.tesla.com/about" }, { "id": "hs-4681aca51d", "title": "NEC Orchestrating Future Fund invests in U.S.-based humanoid robot and physical AI developer Dexmate", "publisher": "The AI Insider", "url": "https://theaiinsider.tech/?p=50975" }, { "id": "hs-f23a073951", "title": "Benetas trials robot companion", "publisher": "The Ageing Agenda", "url": "https://theageingagenda.com.au/technology/benetas-trials-robot-companion/" }, { "id": "hs-9d4ceec0fc", "title": "Hugging Face acquires Pollen Robotics, launches Reachy 2", "publisher": "The Batch (DeepLearning.AI)", "url": "https://www.deeplearning.ai/the-batch/hugging-face-acquires-pollen-robotics-launches-reachy-2-robot-for-open-source-research" }, { "id": "hs-932c51c71b", "title": "Humanoid robots stride into the future with world's first half-marathon in Beijing", "publisher": "The Borneo Post", "url": "https://www.theborneopost.com/2025/04/19/humanoid-robots-stride-into-the-future-with-worlds-first-half-marathon-in-beijing/" }, { "id": "hs-a39c4352e5", "title": "Figure AI now employs more robots than humans, founder says", "publisher": "The Daily Star", "url": "https://www.thedailystar.net/news/tech-startup/news/figure-ai-now-employs-more-robots-humans-founder-says-4205101" }, { "id": "hs-ee924a0683", "title": "Hexagon launches AI-powered humanoid robot", "publisher": "The Engineer", "url": "https://www.theengineer.co.uk/content/news/hexagon-launches-ai-powered-humanoid-robot-for-industry" }, { "id": "hs-10241e5d35", "title": "Tesla previews humanoid robot but Musk cautions it is not ready just yet", "publisher": "The Globe and Mail (Reuters)", "url": "https://theglobeandmail.com/world/article-tesla-previews-humanoid-robot-but-musk-cautions-it-is-not-ready-just/" }, { "id": "hs-f1e2cd2484", "title": "RoboThespian: the first commercial robot that behaves like a person", "publisher": "The Guardian", "url": "https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/aug/17/robothespian-engineered-arts-robot-human-behaviour" }, { "id": "hs-0641eb3a91", "title": "WIRobotics Unveils 'ALLEX,' a General-Purpose Humanoid with Human-Like Responsiveness", "publisher": "The Korea Herald", "url": "https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10556360" }, { "id": "hs-2d0f5cbeb3", "title": "China's Unitree, X-Humanoid top medal total in the world's first humanoid robot games", "publisher": "The Korea Times", "url": "https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/amp/world/20250819/chinas-unitree-x-humanoid-top-medal-total-in-the-worlds-first-humanoid-robot-games" }, { "id": "hs-c790f07ae2", "title": "Vancouver's Sanctuary AI announces more human-like robot design", "publisher": "The Logic", "url": "https://thelogic.co/briefing/vancouvers-sanctuary-ai-announces-more-human-like-robot-design/" }, { "id": "hs-20c3aaf445", "title": "Sanctuary AI CEO Geordie Rose out", "publisher": "The Logic", "url": "https://thelogic.co/news/sanctuary-ai-ceo-geordie-rose-out/" }, { "id": "hs-803f15af8f", "title": "Elon Musk says Optimus could be the biggest product ever", "publisher": "The Motley Fool", "url": "https://fool.com/investing/2026/07/28/elon-musk-says-optimus-could-be-the-biggest-produc" }, { "id": "hs-c364d07fc4", "title": "Scary Beauty: Japanese robot opera comes to UAE", "publisher": "The National", "url": "https://www.thenationalnews.com/arts-culture/on-stage/scary-beauty-japanese-robot-opera-comes-to-uae-1.965330" }, { "id": "hs-d897e72ca5", "title": "Weave's $7,999 Isaac 1 bets home robots don't need legs or fingers", "publisher": "The Next Web", "url": "https://thenextweb.com/news/weave-robotics-isaac-1-home-robot" }, { "id": "hs-b2ce99fb03", "title": "Unitree, China's humanoid robot champion, lists in Shanghai on 19 August after record demand", "publisher": "The Next Web", "url": "https://thenextweb.com/news/unitree-humanoid-robot-shanghai-ipo" }, { "id": "hs-0f234847ab", "title": "Unitree shares fall 45% from their debut peak", "publisher": "The Next Web", "url": "https://thenextweb.com/news/unitree-shares-45-percent-slump-bubble-fears" }, { "id": "hs-e0ad0d5e7b", "title": "Minerva Humanoids raises $10M for robots that do bomb disposal and rig work", "publisher": "The Next Web", "url": "https://thenextweb.com/news/minerva-humanoids-10m-pre-seed-general-catalyst" }, { "id": "hs-4442226f6c", "title": "Walden Robotics launches with $300M, and its factory humanoids have no legs", "publisher": "The Next Web", "url": "https://thenextweb.com/news/walden-robotics-300-million-toyota-humanoid" }, { "id": "hs-7959cd1956", "title": "Humanoid robot maker EngineAI files for a Hong Kong IPO", "publisher": "The Next Web", "url": "https://thenextweb.com/news/engineai-hong-kong-ipo-humanoid-robots" }, { "id": "hs-64d1e54adb", "title": "Beijing prepares for imminent rise of humanoid robots", "publisher": "The Register", "url": "https://www.theregister.com/2023/11/07/beijing_prepares_for_imminent_rise/" }, { "id": "hs-f8855cbaf1", "title": "Diligent Robotics raises $3M in seed funding, launches Moxi hospital robot", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/diligent-robotics-raises-seed-funding-launches-moxi-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-be0a15cd8e", "title": "Figure 02 humanoid robot is ready to get to work", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/figure-02-humanoid-robot-is-ready-to-get-to-work/" }, { "id": "hs-2ec7840ce7", "title": "Apptronik unveils Apollo humanoid robot", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/apptronik-unveils-apollo-humanoid-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-bbd054f281", "title": "Former Cruise CEO Kyle Vogt launches new venture", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/former-cruise-ceo-kyle-vogt-launches-new-venture/" }, { "id": "hs-93c4223647", "title": "The Bot Company led by Kyle Vogt brings in another $150M", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/the-bot-company-led-by-kyle-vogt-brings-in-another-150m/" }, { "id": "hs-6feb3315eb", "title": "Persona AI raises $27M", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/persona-ai-raises-27m-develops-purpose-built-humanoid-robots-shipyards/" }, { "id": "hs-9daae0c6d2", "title": "Leju raises $200M for humanoid production; Unitree unveils H2 robot", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/leju-raises-200m-humanoid-production-unitree-unveils-h2-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-062a0372a9", "title": "Kepler Robotics showcases K2 Bumblebee at ICRA 2025", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/kepler-robotics-showcases-k2-bumblebee-icra-2025/" }, { "id": "hs-9b00fb0caa", "title": "EngineAI releases PM01 humanoid robot for commercial, educational use", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/engineai-releases-pm01-humanoid-robot-for-commercial-educational-use/" }, { "id": "hs-5001fbd944", "title": "Pudu D9 humanoid robot launched", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/pudu-d9-humanoid-robot-launched/" }, { "id": "hs-b3e46dca32", "title": "Punyo soft robot from TRI designed for whole-body manipulation", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/punyo-soft-robot-from-tri-designed-for-whole-body-manipulation/" }, { "id": "hs-b3e09a0d1b", "title": "Holiday Robotics raises $105M for wheeled humanoid Friday", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/holiday-robotics-raises-105m-wheeled-humanoid-friday/" }, { "id": "hs-6d70d34962", "title": "Wandercraft unveils new industrial humanoid with Renault", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/wandercraft-unveils-new-industrial-humanoid-renault/" }, { "id": "hs-575954e724", "title": "Five years of operation shape Diligent Robotics' rollout of Moxi 2.0", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/five-years-operation-shape-diligent-robotics-rollout-moxi-2-0/" }, { "id": "hs-03d3f93206", "title": "5 questions with Kinisi Robotics founder Bren Pierce", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/5-questions-with-kinisi-robotics-founder-bren-pierce/" }, { "id": "hs-9ef0d34142", "title": "RoboForce introduces TITAN mobile manipulator, raises $5M more funding", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/roboforce-introduces-titan-mobile-manipulator-raises-5m-more-funding/" }, { "id": "hs-914e7aeeb1", "title": "NEURA Robotics launches latest cognitive robots, Neuraverse ecosystem", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/neura-robotics-launches-latest-cognitive-robots-neuraverse-ecosystem/" }, { "id": "hs-9815c858ab", "title": "Alphabet closes Everyday Robots among layoffs", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/alphabet-closes-everyday-robots-among-layoffs/" }, { "id": "hs-f57024938b", "title": "Remembering robotics companies we lost in 2023", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/remembering-robotics-companies-we-lost-in-2023/" }, { "id": "hs-1ff678f856", "title": "Rethink Robotics launches Baxter the robot", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/rethink-robotics-launches-baxter-the-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-9d5190f816", "title": "Noble Machines exits stealth with Moby humanoid", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/noble-machines-exits-stealth-with-moby-humanoid/" }, { "id": "hs-fdcfe547a2", "title": "Xiaomi demonstrates new bipedal robot CyberOne", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/xiaomi-demonstrates-new-bipedal-robot-cyberone/" }, { "id": "hs-add711f3f8", "title": "Serve Robotics acquires Diligent Robotics", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/serve-robotics-acquires-diligent-robotics/" }, { "id": "hs-30036a2080", "title": "Agility Robotics reports revenue ahead of humanoid SPAC", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/agility-robotics-reports-18m-revenue-ahead-of-humanoid-spac/" }, { "id": "hs-bb0a937738", "title": "LimX Dynamics launches LimX Oli full-size humanoid robot", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/limx-dynamics-launches-limx-oli-full-size-humanoid-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-049545f2a0", "title": "Pudu Robotics debuts semi-humanoid robot for versatile applications", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/pudu-robotics-debuts-semi-humanoid-robot-for-versatile-applications/" }, { "id": "hs-6dd9218c57", "title": "Qihan modifies Sanbot service robot for the U.S. market", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/qihan-modifies-sanbot-service-robot-for-the-u-s-market/" }, { "id": "hs-3004337444", "title": "Sanctuary AI validates physical AI performance at Tier 1 automotive supplier", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/sanctuary-ai-validates-physical-ai-performance-tier-1-automotive-supplier/" }, { "id": "hs-6b4a17f22b", "title": "CloudMinds demos XR-1 humanoid robot using 5G", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/cloudminds-demoes-xr-1-humanoid-robot-using-5g-scales-up-for-fleets/" }, { "id": "hs-5bc489ceca", "title": "LimX Dynamics picks up $200M for humanoid robot expansion", "publisher": "The Robot Report", "url": "https://www.therobotreport.com/limx-dynamics-raises-200m-for-humanoid-robot-expansion/" }, { "id": "hs-b338d2a4bd", "title": "HOPEJr: open-source DIY humanoid robot", "publisher": "The Robot Studio", "url": "https://github.com/TheRobotStudio/HOPEJr" }, { "id": "hs-60899a97cd", "title": "The Robot Studio", "publisher": "The Robot Studio", "url": "https://www.therobotstudio.com/" }, { "id": "hs-e892f31e54", "title": "Toyota's secret humanoid hits $1.1B", "publisher": "The Rundown Robotics", "url": "https://robotnews.therundown.ai/p/toyota-secret-humanoid-hits-1-1b" }, { "id": "hs-e58516fce4", "title": "Bear adds humanoids to robot lineup with acquisition of Kinisi", "publisher": "The Spoon", "url": "https://thespoon.tech/bear-adds-humanoids-to-robot-lineup-with-acquisition-of-kinisi/" }, { "id": "hs-d351ff591c", "title": "AgiBot eyes $156b Hong Kong IPO", "publisher": "The Standard (HK)", "url": "https://www.thestandard.com.hk/finance/article/337821/AgiBot-eyes-156b-Hong-Kong-IPO" }, { "id": "hs-3d0bc9f60c", "title": "Addverb ventures into humanoid robotics with 2025 launch", "publisher": "The Statesman", "url": "https://www.thestatesman.com/technology/addverb-ventures-into-humanoid-robotics-with-2025-launch-1503367025.html" }, { "id": "hs-d61953953c", "title": "Olaf robotic character", "publisher": "The Walt Disney Company", "url": "https://thewaltdisneycompany.com/olaf-robotic-character/" }, { "id": "hs-3e3e4069fb", "title": "ISRO unveils Vyomamitra, the half-humanoid to be sent on unmanned Gaganyaan spacecraft", "publisher": "The Week", "url": "https://www.theweek.in/news/sci-tech/2020/01/22/isro-unveils-vyomamitra-the-half-humanoid-to-be-sent-on-unmanned-gaganyaan-spacecraft.amp.html" }, { "id": "hs-dd7e611f72", "title": "Disney to introduce new Olaf character in Paris, Hong Kong", "publisher": "Theme Park Insider", "url": "https://www.themeparkinsider.com/flume/202511/11188/" }, { "id": "hs-117d21249b", "title": "Uniccon Group Unveils 'Omeife', Africa's First Humanoid Robot", "publisher": "ThisDay", "url": "https://www.thisdaylive.com/2022/12/30/uniccon-group-unveils-omeife-africas-first-humanoid-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-e99a3505ba", "title": "T170A series", "publisher": "Ti5Robot", "url": "https://ti5robot.com/index/index/detail?id=4" }, { "id": "hs-42d04a8dde", "title": "Beloved Japanese robot Asimo retires after performing for 22 years", "publisher": "Time Out Tokyo", "url": "https://www.timeout.com/tokyo/news/beloved-japanese-robot-asimo-retires-after-performing-for-22-years-041222" }, { "id": "hs-1c07c4bfd0", "title": "Torobo (humanoid robot) specifications", "publisher": "Tokyo Robotics", "url": "https://robotics.tokyo/technologies/torobo" }, { "id": "hs-db01206b38", "title": "Legacy products (Torobo, Toala, Torobo-kun)", "publisher": "Tokyo Robotics", "url": "https://robotics.tokyo/technologies/legacy-products" }, { "id": "hs-920a8089dc", "title": "XPeng will start mass producing its human Iron robot in 2026", "publisher": "Top Gear", "url": "https://www.topgear.com/car-news/tech/xpeng-will-start-mass-producing-its-human-iron-robot-2026" }, { "id": "hs-4549a54589", "title": "Corporate Data", "publisher": "Toshiba Corporation", "url": "https://www.global.toshiba/ww/outline/corporate/profile.html" }, { "id": "hs-d4804695e0", "title": "Toyota Partner Robot announcement (11 Mar 2004)", "publisher": "Toyota", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/detail/245497" }, { "id": "hs-edaaedc209", "title": "Toyota violin-playing robot and mobility robot (6 Dec 2007)", "publisher": "Toyota", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/detail/275807" }, { "id": "hs-b09830e876", "title": "Toyota Unveils Third Generation Humanoid Robot T-HR3", "publisher": "Toyota", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/detail/19666346" }, { "id": "hs-ba5f28d759", "title": "Toyota Develops Human Support Robot (Sep. 21, 2012)", "publisher": "Toyota", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/detail/125275" }, { "id": "hs-5cd1ddf192", "title": "CUE6 unveiled (CUE project timeline)", "publisher": "Toyota", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/mobility/frontier-research/38848314.html" }, { "id": "hs-e2107af8f2", "title": "Toyota's AI basketball robot CUE3 sets Guinness record", "publisher": "Toyota", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/28595150.html" }, { "id": "hs-4918dab653", "title": "How CUE6 set a Guinness World Record", "publisher": "Toyota", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/mobility/frontier-research/42353162.html" }, { "id": "hs-32bd633adf", "title": "The Development Diary of CUE, the AI Basketball Robot: First story", "publisher": "Toyota", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/newsroom/corporate/28587721.html" }, { "id": "hs-4f734adef3", "title": "Robot Astronaut Speaks First Words in Outer Space", "publisher": "Toyota Canada", "url": "https://media.toyota.ca/en/releases/2013/robot-astronaut-speaks-first-words-in-outer-space.html" }, { "id": "hs-ff49cf1c12", "title": "Profiles of Kirobo and Mirata", "publisher": "Toyota Canada", "url": "https://media.toyota.ca/en/releases/2013/profiles-of-kirobo-and-mirata.html" }, { "id": "hs-5f167db768", "title": "Toyota accelerates home helper robot programme (Jul 16, 2015; HSR spec table)", "publisher": "Toyota Motor Corporation", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/detail/8709541" }, { "id": "hs-0491b184d4", "title": "Overview — Company Profile", "publisher": "Toyota Motor Corporation", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/company/profile/overview/" }, { "id": "hs-083ea3421f", "title": "Toyota and Open Source Robotics Foundation to Partner on Robotics and Automated Vehicle Research", "publisher": "Toyota Motor Corporation", "url": "https://global.toyota/en/detail/13632724" }, { "id": "hs-ace239377c", "title": "Record-Breaker Kirobo Returns From Space", "publisher": "Toyota UK", "url": "https://media.toyota.co.uk/record-breaker-kirobo-returns-from-space/" }, { "id": "hs-dc0e86aa2f", "title": "Toyota Accelerates Home Helper Robot Programme With New Developer Community And Working Prototype", "publisher": "Toyota UK", "url": "https://media.toyota.co.uk/toyota-accelerates-home-helper-robot-programme-with-new-developer-community-and-working-prototype/" }, { "id": "hs-7b70901f52", "title": "China's humanoid robot output to rise 94% in 2026; Unitree and AgiBot to hold nearly 80% share", "publisher": "TrendForce", "url": "https://www.trendforce.com/presscenter/news/20260409-13007.html" }, { "id": "hs-7ac80d47f8", "title": "Beijing Daily report on the World Humanoid Robot Games (republished)", "publisher": "Tsinghua University News", "url": "https://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/info/1182/127833.htm" }, { "id": "hs-1c4b1a9e77", "title": "Vietnam unveils first humanoid robot in bold leap into global tech", "publisher": "Tuoi Tre News", "url": "https://news.tuoitre.vn/vietnam-unveils-first-humanoid-robot-in-bold-leap-into-global-tech-103250606153729109.htm" }, { "id": "hs-129cf70b1e", "title": "U.S. Naval Research Laboratory", "publisher": "U.S. Naval Research Laboratory", "url": "https://www.nrl.navy.mil//" }, { "id": "hs-d3bde44d31", "title": "UBTECH Cruzr cloud-based intelligent commercial service robot", "publisher": "UBTECH", "url": "https://www.commercial.ubtrobot.com/en/products/ubtech-cruzr-cloud-based-intelligent-commercial-service-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-01767de1c4", "title": "Walker X", "publisher": "UBTECH Robotics", "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/WalkerX" }, { "id": "hs-1a4e9b6acb", "title": "UBTECH Humanoid Robot solutions", "publisher": "UBTECH Robotics", "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/humanoid/solutions" }, { "id": "hs-36aeee5769", "title": "Walker S2", "publisher": "UBTECH Robotics", "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/humanoid/products/walker-s2" }, { "id": "hs-1db14c8a68", "title": "Cruzr S2 full-sized wheeled humanoid robot", "publisher": "UBTECH Robotics", "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/humanoid/products/cruzr-s2" }, { "id": "hs-b58ae42c29", "title": "Walker C", "publisher": "UBTECH Robotics", "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/humanoid/products/walker-c" }, { "id": "hs-9d73637e89", "title": "Panda Robot", "publisher": "UBTECH Robotics", "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/humanoid/products/PandaRobot" }, { "id": "hs-376ba020dd", "title": "U1 PRO", "publisher": "UBTECH Robotics", "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/humanoid/products/u1-pro" }, { "id": "hs-ac5cd0dad2", "title": "Walker C1", "publisher": "UBTECH Robotics", "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/humanoid/products/walker-c1/" }, { "id": "hs-bdb1264c8e", "title": "About Us — Company Profile", "publisher": "UBTECH Robotics", "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/about/company-profile" }, { "id": "hs-bd92e17223", "title": "UBTECH lists on HKEX; Walker S debuts at listing ceremony", "publisher": "UBTECH Robotics", "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/about/news/498762019606597" }, { "id": "hs-c214c18cfa", "title": "Walker S1 product page", "publisher": "UBTECH Robotics", "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/humanoid/products/walker-s1" }, { "id": "hs-dfa12eec2d", "title": "UBTECH brings Walker S2 humanoids to European retail logistics (ROSSMANN)", "publisher": "UBTECH Robotics", "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/about/news/826574022332485" }, { "id": "hs-36671d1d27", "title": "UBTECH newsroom", "publisher": "UBTECH Robotics", "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/about/news" }, { "id": "hs-c5dbc783be", "title": "Walker C1", "publisher": "UBTECH Robotics", "url": "https://www.ubtrobot.com/en/humanoid/products/walker-c1" }, { "id": "hs-76fa8bd15e", "title": "UBTECH Launches UWORLD U1, the World's First Full-Size Mass-Produced Ultra-Bionic Humanoid Robot", "publisher": "UBTECH via Cision / AAP", "url": "https://www.aap.com.au/aapreleases/cision20260630ae95566/" }, { "id": "hs-3fac8ca8d0", "title": "Machine Perception Laboratory", "publisher": "UC San Diego", "url": "https://mplab.ucsd.edu/" }, { "id": "hs-1e7d62890c", "title": "UC3M Humanoid", "publisher": "UC3M RoboticsLab", "url": "https://roboticslab.uc3m.es/robot/uc3m-humanoid/" }, { "id": "hs-554e427a20", "title": "UC3M Humanoide (Rh-0 / Rh-1) robot page", "publisher": "UC3M RoboticsLab", "url": "https://roboticslab.uc3m.es/es/?p=10519" }, { "id": "hs-c426dbb35c", "title": "RH-1 project (2005-2007)", "publisher": "UC3M RoboticsLab", "url": "https://roboticslab.uc3m.es/project/rh-1/" }, { "id": "hs-e4a1121a19", "title": "TEO: Full-size humanoid robot design powered by a fuel cell system", "publisher": "UC3M RoboticsLab (paper PDF)", "url": "https://roboticslab.uc3m.es/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/TEO-Full-size-humanoid-robot-design-powered-by-a-fuel-cell-system.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-fa5f18b107", "title": "Implementacion de un control de emergencia por radiofrecuencia para el robot humanoide TEO", "publisher": "UC3M e-Archivo", "url": "https://e-archivo.uc3m.es/entities/publication/5b359f68-a683-486f-b1f3-1d88b91d4155" }, { "id": "hs-eaa19055b6", "title": "Humanoid Robot RH-1 for Collaborative Tasks: A Control Architecture for Human-Robot Cooperation (Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 5(4), 2008)", "publisher": "UC3M research portal", "url": "https://researchportal.uc3m.es/display/act327950" }, { "id": "hs-06512c9fba", "title": "Dennis Hong", "publisher": "UCLA", "url": "https://www.ucla.edu/about/notable-bruins/23-dennis-hong" }, { "id": "hs-5ac24b7919", "title": "UCLA Engineers Become 6-Time RoboCup Soccer World Champions", "publisher": "UCLA Samueli School of Engineering", "url": "https://samueli.ucla.edu/ucla-engineers-become-6-time-robocup-soccer-world-champions/" }, { "id": "hs-019a3886d3", "title": "'Valkyrie' to Undergo Testing at the University's NERVE Center", "publisher": "UMass Lowell", "url": "https://uml.edu/News/stories/2016/NASA-Valkyrie-robot.aspx" }, { "id": "hs-8f71418b58", "title": "Team Pumas RoboCup@Home 2019 team description paper", "publisher": "UNAM Bio-Robotics Laboratory", "url": "https://biorobotics.fi-p.unam.mx/wp-content/uploads/Publications/Papers/2019/TDPRobocup2019.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-97c38e257c", "title": "Justina, robot mexicana con inteligencia artificial, competira en Japon", "publisher": "UNAM Global", "url": "https://unamglobal.unam.mx/global_revista/justina-robot-mexicana-con-inteligencia-artificial-competira-en-japon/" }, { "id": "hs-1797a6302f", "title": "UNICCON Group", "publisher": "UNICCON Group", "url": "https://uniccongroup.com" }, { "id": "hs-f978434bba", "title": "Sayonara", "publisher": "UNIJAPAN / Japanese Film Database", "url": "https://jfdb.jp/en/title/6115" }, { "id": "hs-7a0e42eccf", "title": "ONR advanced technology cited in TIME Magazine's 2008 best inventions", "publisher": "US Office of Naval Research", "url": "https://www.onr.navy.mil/media-center/news-releases/onr-advanced-technology-cited-time-magazine-2008-best-invention" }, { "id": "hs-dd3bc3f698", "title": "HCRL Robots", "publisher": "UT Austin Human Centered Robotics Lab", "url": "https://sites.utexas.edu/hcrl/robots/" }, { "id": "hs-11599e8390", "title": "HCRL home", "publisher": "UT Austin Human Centered Robotics Lab", "url": "https://sites.utexas.edu/hcrl/" }, { "id": "hs-cc2fd7138b", "title": "Robot Dreamer: More Than Just a Pretty Face (Oct 2013)", "publisher": "UT News, University of Texas at Austin", "url": "https://news.utexas.edu/?p=132754" }, { "id": "hs-9fe4287a43", "title": "Publications (HERB: A Home Exploring Robotic Butler, Autonomous Robots 2010; HERB 2.0, Proc. IEEE 2012)", "publisher": "UW Personal Robotics Lab", "url": "https://personalrobotics.cs.washington.edu/publications/" }, { "id": "hs-34031f1056", "title": "HERB 2.0: Lessons Learned From Developing a Mobile Manipulator for the Home", "publisher": "UW Personal Robotics Lab", "url": "https://personalrobotics.cs.washington.edu/publications/srinivasa2012herb/" }, { "id": "hs-1fefd9efe0", "title": "AI company defends robot", "publisher": "Ubergizmo", "url": "https://ubergizmo.com/2024/03/ai-company-defends-robot" }, { "id": "hs-a8c81dbd27", "title": "Beijing Humanoid Robot on display", "publisher": "Ubergizmo", "url": "https://www.ubergizmo.com/2010/04/beijing-humanoid-robot-on-display" }, { "id": "hs-529f546606", "title": "M1 Mobile Manipulator Robot", "publisher": "Ubergizmo", "url": "https://www.ubergizmo.com/2011/02/m1-mobile-manipulator-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-eaa6a79b31", "title": "Panther", "publisher": "UniX AI", "url": "https://www.unix-group.ai/panther/2023.html" }, { "id": "hs-31eb865071", "title": "South Korea creates female android", "publisher": "United Press International (via Phys.org)", "url": "https://phys.org/news/2006-05-south-korea-female-android.html" }, { "id": "hs-dc4054203a", "title": "Unitree H1", "publisher": "Unitree Robotics", "url": "https://www.unitree.com/h1" }, { "id": "hs-a2e5a74fa6", "title": "Unitree G1", "publisher": "Unitree Robotics", "url": "https://www.unitree.com/mobile/g1" }, { "id": "hs-29c7ca091a", "title": "Unitree R1", "publisher": "Unitree Robotics", "url": "https://www.unitree.com/R1" }, { "id": "hs-1b4a0b7a08", "title": "Unitree G1-D", "publisher": "Unitree Robotics", "url": "https://www.unitree.com/G1-D" }, { "id": "hs-b6193a4a8c", "title": "Unitree H2 Plus", "publisher": "Unitree Robotics", "url": "https://www.unitree.com/H2plus" }, { "id": "hs-661b50bf94", "title": "Unitree news: H2 Plus, an NVIDIA Isaac GR00T Reference Humanoid Robot for Academic Research", "publisher": "Unitree Robotics", "url": "https://www.unitree.com/news/40" }, { "id": "hs-5b7f706daa", "title": "Unitree Dual-Arm Humanoid Robot", "publisher": "Unitree Robotics", "url": "https://www.unitree.com/R1-D" }, { "id": "hs-6e001a4b44", "title": "Unitree H2 product page", "publisher": "Unitree Robotics", "url": "https://www.unitree.com/H2" }, { "id": "hs-74b584922b", "title": "Unitree G1", "publisher": "Unitree Robotics", "url": "https://www.unitree.com/g1/" }, { "id": "hs-5adc5b5aac", "title": "About Unitree", "publisher": "Unitree Robotics", "url": "https://www.unitree.com/about/" }, { "id": "hs-ed59e24682", "title": "Justina robot article (2019)", "publisher": "Universidad Veracruzana press", "url": "https://uv.mx/prensa/?p=67465" }, { "id": "hs-bf1f74663d", "title": "iCub: an open source platform for research in embodied cognition", "publisher": "Universita della Svizzera italiana", "url": "https://www.inf.usi.ch/en/node/9354" }, { "id": "hs-87d88888c0", "title": "Robot buddies enter the classroom", "publisher": "University of Birmingham", "url": "https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/news-archive/2012/robot-buddies-enter-the-classroom" }, { "id": "hs-9bf923886a", "title": "Integrating Indoor Mobility, Object Manipulation, and Intuitive Interaction for Domestic Service Tasks (Humanoids 2009)", "publisher": "University of Bonn", "url": "https://www.ais.uni-bonn.de/papers/HUMANOIDS09_Stueckler_Behnke.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-1ed2ea4ebd", "title": "NimbRo Humanoid", "publisher": "University of Bonn AIS", "url": "https://www.ais.uni-bonn.de/nimbro/Humanoid/" }, { "id": "hs-b3b7049311", "title": "NimbRo-OP Humanoid Open Platform", "publisher": "University of Bonn Autonomous Intelligent Systems", "url": "https://nimbro.net/OP/index.html" }, { "id": "hs-b82aaf3906", "title": "NimbRo@Home robots", "publisher": "University of Bonn, Autonomous Intelligent Systems", "url": "https://ais.uni-bonn.de/nimbro/@Home/robots.html" }, { "id": "hs-fa183c917d", "title": "NimbRo Rescue project page", "publisher": "University of Bonn, Autonomous Intelligent Systems", "url": "https://ais.uni-bonn.de/nimbro/Rescue" }, { "id": "hs-9c5f7eedd6", "title": "Intuitive Multimodal Interaction and Predictable Behavior for the Museum Tour Guide Robot Robotinho (IEEE-RAS Humanoids 2010)", "publisher": "University of Bonn, Autonomous Intelligent Systems", "url": "https://www.ais.uni-bonn.de/papers/IEEE_RAS_2010_Nieuwenhuisen_Gapers_Tischler_Behnke.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-b3d5c9b3a0", "title": "Robots in our lab (Rosie: KUKA omnidirectional base and KUKA LWR-4 arms)", "publisher": "University of Bremen Institute for Artificial Intelligence (formerly TUM IAS)", "url": "https://ai.uni-bremen.de/ias/research/robots" }, { "id": "hs-f7efb304c9", "title": "Humanoid robot that sees and maps", "publisher": "University of Bristol", "url": "https://bristol.ac.uk/news/2013/9536.html" }, { "id": "hs-103e6e1510", "title": "Design and Testing of Hybrid Expressive Face for the BERT2 Humanoid Robot (IROS 2010)", "publisher": "University of Bristol Research Portal", "url": "https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/design-and-testing-of-hybrid-expressive-face-for-the-bert2-humano/" }, { "id": "hs-f6a194b879", "title": "Lab resources: hardware (TALOS)", "publisher": "University of Edinburgh", "url": "https://informatics.ed.ac.uk/slmc/lab-resources/hardware" }, { "id": "hs-fe972a820a", "title": "Using Humanoid Robots to Study Human Behavior (IEEE Intelligent Systems, 2000)", "publisher": "University of Edinburgh (author copy)", "url": "https://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/svijayak/publications/atkeson-IntSys2000.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-9545ac0941", "title": "Kaspar — Research and development", "publisher": "University of Hertfordshire", "url": "https://www.herts.ac.uk/kaspar/research-and-development" }, { "id": "hs-196e1118b4", "title": "About us", "publisher": "University of Hertfordshire", "url": "https://www.herts.ac.uk/about-us" }, { "id": "hs-6c34ac2dfc", "title": "KASPAR - a minimally expressive humanoid robot for human-robot interaction research (Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, 2009)", "publisher": "University of Hertfordshire Research Archive", "url": "https://uhra.herts.ac.uk/id/eprint/361/" }, { "id": "hs-2e315184d9", "title": "Maugeri, the Italian Institute of Technology and the University of Pisa bring robotics into hospital wards", "publisher": "University of Pisa", "url": "https://www.unipi.it/en/news/alter-ego-bring-robotics-into-hospital-wards/" }, { "id": "hs-62e6fbcfc3", "title": "Design and Construction of a Humanoid Robot Platform for Walking Gait Research (D. Kee, PhD thesis, 2007)", "publisher": "University of Queensland", "url": "https://dx.doi.org/10.14264/158662" }, { "id": "hs-97c529a67c", "title": "Xueba 01 (USST news)", "publisher": "University of Shanghai for Science and Technology", "url": "https://www.usst.edu.cn/2025/1015/c965a65355/page.htm" }, { "id": "hs-c5acd763e6", "title": "USC Interaction Lab", "publisher": "University of Southern California", "url": "https://uscinteractionlab.web.app/" }, { "id": "hs-69091071f8", "title": "Team VALOR's ESCHER: a novel electromechanical biped for the DARPA Robotics Challenge (Knabe et al., Springer STAR vol. 121, 2018)", "publisher": "University of Technology Sydney OPUS", "url": "https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/handle/10453/133181" }, { "id": "hs-295da58747", "title": "SURENA IV: Towards A Cost-effective Full-size Humanoid Robot for Real-world Scenarios", "publisher": "University of Tehran CAST / arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/2108.13515" }, { "id": "hs-bbbbef8dd3", "title": "Dynamics Systems & Robotics Division — CAST", "publisher": "University of Tehran — Center for Advanced Systems and Technologies", "url": "https://cast-tech.ir/Robotic-Portfolio/" }, { "id": "hs-e595c886ad", "title": "Surena III", "publisher": "University of Tehran, Center of Advanced Systems and Technologies (CAST)", "url": "https://cast-tech.ir/surena-iii/" }, { "id": "hs-b3efa57203", "title": "Surena IV", "publisher": "University of Tehran, Center of Advanced Systems and Technologies (CAST)", "url": "https://cast-tech.ir/surena-iv/" }, { "id": "hs-53112a455a", "title": "Surena I", "publisher": "University of Tehran, Center of Advanced Systems and Technologies (CAST)", "url": "https://cast-tech.ir/surena-i/" }, { "id": "hs-dfbc91b4ce", "title": "The New Hume Bipedal Robot", "publisher": "University of Texas at Austin", "url": "https://sites.utexas.edu/hcrl/2012/04/09/the-new-hume-bipedal-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-9933b9c11f", "title": "Pneumatic Musculoskeletal Infant Robots (Narioka, Niiyama, Ishii, Hosoda; IROS 2009 workshop)", "publisher": "University of Tokyo (author copy)", "url": "https://www.isi.imi.i.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~niiyama/pdf/NariokaNiiyama2009_IROS2009-Workshop_BabyRobot.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-5e5ace56fe", "title": "H7 (research page, Japanese)", "publisher": "University of Tokyo JSK Lab", "url": "https://www.jsk.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/research/h7/index-j.html" }, { "id": "hs-3fe92642b4", "title": "JSK Laboratory home page", "publisher": "University of Tokyo JSK Lab", "url": "https://www.jsk.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/" }, { "id": "hs-2c40b8b600", "title": "Musculoskeletal Humanoid \"Kojiro\" (2007; size 1350x700x700 mm, 45 kg, 109 muscles)", "publisher": "University of Tokyo, Haseko-Kuma Hall exhibit", "url": "https://haseko-kuma.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/box/box16" }, { "id": "hs-3d492e1ff9", "title": "Personal Robotics Lab", "publisher": "University of Washington", "url": "https://personalrobotics.cs.washington.edu/" }, { "id": "hs-162b39686b", "title": "Notice of intent to award a single source contract: REEM-C Humanoid Robot", "publisher": "University of Waterloo (MERX)", "url": "https://www.merx.com/oupma/uwaterloo/solicitations/REEM-C-Humanoid-Robot/0000155238" }, { "id": "hs-f8ee2bbbac", "title": "Full-Size Humanoid Robot (TALOS)", "publisher": "University of Waterloo RoboHub", "url": "https://uwaterloo.ca/robohub/profiles/talos" }, { "id": "hs-c08ea5c5cf", "title": "Der neue Freund des Menschen", "publisher": "University of Zurich", "url": "https://news.uzh.ch/de/articles/2013/der-neue-freund-des-menschen.html" }, { "id": "hs-a0586bca69", "title": "Roboy geht auf Tour", "publisher": "University of Zurich", "url": "https://www.news.uzh.ch/de/articles/2013/roboy-geht-auf-tour.html" }, { "id": "hs-2d3b75b5a6", "title": "Press overview Roboy (Dec 2012)", "publisher": "University of Zurich, Department of Informatics", "url": "https://www.ifi.uzh.ch/dam/jcr:ffffffff-b0e8-123e-0000-00000d307094/PressOverview_Roboy_Dec12.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-f55d7baa18", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Lab (archive)", "publisher": "University of Zurich, Department of Informatics", "url": "https://www.ifi.uzh.ch/en/department/people/former-faculty/ailab.html" }, { "id": "hs-da6f5d1641", "title": "Sanctuary AI unveils the next generation of AI robotics", "publisher": "VKTR", "url": "https://www.vktr.com/the-wire/sanctuary-ai-unveils-the-next-generation-of-ai-robotics/" }, { "id": "hs-e1d0f8ca66", "title": "Meet Ai-Da, the Robot Artist", "publisher": "VOA Learning English", "url": "https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/meet-ai-da-the-robot-artist/4783051.html" }, { "id": "hs-635b461283", "title": "HatsuMuv semi-humanoid at Physical AI Summit", "publisher": "VOIX", "url": "https://voix.jp/?p=130603" }, { "id": "hs-8d9edaf621", "title": "A Parallel Distributed Cognitive Control System for a Humanoid Robot (International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 1(1), 2004)", "publisher": "Vanderbilt University", "url": "https://eecs.vuse.vanderbilt.edu/People/bobbyb/pubs/dccs.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-ca09101d16", "title": "Begley thesis (Vanderbilt, 2008): ISAC's two 6-DoF McKibben-muscle arms", "publisher": "Vanderbilt University ETD", "url": "https://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-03272008-144850/unrestricted/begley_thesis.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-d9fe0b1ea6", "title": "Mex-One, el robot humanoide mas avanzado de Iberoamerica, hecho en Mexico", "publisher": "Vanguardia", "url": "https://vanguardia.com.mx/tech/2935961-mex-one-el-robot-humanoide-mas-avanzado-de-iberoamerica-hecho-en-mexico-LCVG2935961" }, { "id": "hs-68b385d697", "title": "155 billion won flocks to humanoids: Holiday Robotics secures largest Series A in Korea", "publisher": "Venture Square", "url": "https://www.venturesquare.net/en/1098150/" }, { "id": "hs-39f129b668", "title": "Nine bipedal humanoids head to factories", "publisher": "Venture Square", "url": "https://www.venturesquare.net/en/1106965/" }, { "id": "hs-80b6e17b45", "title": "Samsung to raise stake in Rainbow Robotics to 35%", "publisher": "Verdict", "url": "https://www.verdict.co.uk/samsung-rainbow-robotics-stake-acquisition/" }, { "id": "hs-aa88f62d51", "title": "The sad story of Eric, the UK's first robot", "publisher": "Vice (Motherboard)", "url": "https://www.vice.com/en/article/the-sad-story-of-eric-the-uks-first-robot-who-was-loved-then-forsaken/" }, { "id": "hs-049fc30490", "title": "VinRobotics makes global debut of 'Make In Vietnam' humanoid robot at leading global tech events", "publisher": "VinRobotics", "url": "https://vinrobotics.net/blog/vin-robotics-makes-global-debut-of-make-in-vietnam-humanoid-robot-at-leading-global-tech-events" }, { "id": "hs-1788db498d", "title": "Products", "publisher": "VinRobotics", "url": "https://vinrobotics.net/product" }, { "id": "hs-a6dbb67dbb", "title": "Innovative Design and Development of PANDORA: Advancing Humanoid Robotics Through Additive Manufacturing", "publisher": "Virginia Tech", "url": "https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/items/2448150a-9919-44ec-896c-6d822b814975/full" }, { "id": "hs-0c2d82b8fc", "title": "International robotics competition provides lessons for future research", "publisher": "Virginia Tech News", "url": "https://news.vt.edu/articles/2015/06/060815-engineering-darparecap.html" }, { "id": "hs-0a1af8dd44", "title": "2 College of Engineering robotics teams prep for DARPA Robotics Challenge finale", "publisher": "Virginia Tech News", "url": "https://news.vt.edu/content/news_vt_edu/en/articles/2015/06/060115-engineering-twoteamsatdarpa.html" }, { "id": "hs-ea8fd78aa6", "title": "Design of Linear Series Elastic Actuators for a Humanoid Robot (C. Knabe, MS thesis, 2015)", "publisher": "Virginia Tech VTechWorks", "url": "https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/53511" }, { "id": "hs-91a92a171c", "title": "Series Elasticity in Linearly Actuated Humanoids (V. Orekhov, PhD dissertation, 2015)", "publisher": "Virginia Tech VTechWorks", "url": "https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/71788" }, { "id": "hs-336e9fd7ea", "title": "Robot Việt hạ người chơi bóng bàn giữa hội chợ Nhật", "publisher": "VnExpress", "url": "https://vnexpress.net/robot-viet-ha-nguoi-choi-bong-ban-giua-hoi-cho-nhat-1517340.html" }, { "id": "hs-a1212117f3", "title": "Vietnamese ping-pong robot heads to Europe", "publisher": "VnExpress", "url": "https://vnexpress.net/robot-choi-bong-ban-cua-viet-nam-di-chau-au-2119877.html" }, { "id": "hs-3ecd8523e2", "title": "World's first electric running humanoid robot 'Tiangong' open sourced", "publisher": "WAM", "url": "https://www.wam.ae/en/article/b65q6ap-worlds-first-electric-running-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-6c30f9639d", "title": "Boston Dynamics retires original Atlas humanoid robot", "publisher": "WCAX / Gray TV (AP)", "url": "https://www.wcax.com/2024/04/18/boston-dynamics-retires-original-atlas-humanoid-robot-after-more-than-10-years/" }, { "id": "hs-2b6f98f18f", "title": "Disney unveils next-generation robotic Olaf at Disneyland Paris", "publisher": "WDW Info", "url": "https://www.wdwinfo.com/news-stories/disney-unveils-next-generation-robotic-olaf-at-disneyland-paris/" }, { "id": "hs-3e213fd64b", "title": "Pensacola research lab IHMC reveals next generation humanoid robot", "publisher": "WEAR-TV", "url": "https://weartv.com/news/local/pensacola-research-lab-ihmc-reveals-next-generation-humanoid-robot" }, { "id": "hs-89b6084abf", "title": "Meet Herb, a robot to one day help around the house", "publisher": "WESA", "url": "https://www.wesanews.org/science-health-tech/2016-05-24/meet-herb-a-robot-to-one-day-help-around-the-house" }, { "id": "hs-ecf2609089", "title": "ALLEX(알렉스) | 위로보틱스 범용 휴머노이드 로봇", "publisher": "WIRobotics", "url": "https://rih.wirobotics.com/allex" }, { "id": "hs-52cc4630cb", "title": "Walden Robotics", "publisher": "Walden Robotics", "url": "https://www.waldenrobotics.com/" }, { "id": "hs-bec3456ad1", "title": "Walden Robotics team", "publisher": "Walden Robotics", "url": "https://www.waldenrobotics.com/company.md" }, { "id": "hs-36adac847b", "title": "The Robots of Waseda: A 50-Year Journey in Humanoid Innovation", "publisher": "Waseda University", "url": "https://www.waseda.jp/top/en/news/88080" }, { "id": "hs-f78a9a635f", "title": "Humanoid Robotics Institute booklet 2000", "publisher": "Waseda University", "url": "https://www.humanoid.waseda.ac.jp/booklet/booklet2000.html" }, { "id": "hs-c7435780bc", "title": "Humanoid Robotics Institute", "publisher": "Waseda University", "url": "https://www.waseda.jp/inst/cro/en/institutes-list/humanoid-robotics-institute/?lng=en" }, { "id": "hs-f391627e62", "title": "WABOT - WAseda roBOT", "publisher": "Waseda University Humanoid Robotics Institute", "url": "https://www.humanoid.waseda.ac.jp/booklet/kato_2.html" }, { "id": "hs-90ef967c83", "title": "Doctoral thesis (WE-4RII specifications)", "publisher": "Waseda University Repository", "url": "https://waseda.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/21255/files/Honbun-4511_10.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-4986cb83af", "title": "Whatever You Imagine, Including Kiyomori", "publisher": "We Make Money Not Art", "url": "https://we-make-money-not-art.com/?p=3995" }, { "id": "hs-407d0ab762", "title": "NIPPONIA No.31 special feature", "publisher": "Web Japan", "url": "https://web-japan.org/nipponia/nipponia31/en/feature/feature05.html" }, { "id": "hs-398221e0fe", "title": "UniX AI to Bring Delivered Full-Size Humanoid Robot Wanda 2.0 to CES 2026", "publisher": "Webull (press release)", "url": "https://www.webull.com/news/14134140025406464" }, { "id": "hs-0623875778", "title": "BRUCE", "publisher": "Westwood Robotics", "url": "https://www.westwoodrobotics.io/bruce/" }, { "id": "hs-c683b8445b", "title": "THEMIS", "publisher": "Westwood Robotics", "url": "https://www.westwoodrobotics.io/themis/" }, { "id": "hs-0035f07010", "title": "Westwood Robotics", "publisher": "Westwood Robotics", "url": "https://www.westwoodrobotics.io/" }, { "id": "hs-dbd3d95d86", "title": "THEMIS 2.5 brochure", "publisher": "Westwood Robotics", "url": "https://www.westwoodrobotics.io/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/THEMIS-2.5-Brochure.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-e71fc8b3ff", "title": "QRIO", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QRIO" }, { "id": "hs-74302f0da0", "title": "HUBO (Albert HUBO section and version table)", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HUBO" }, { "id": "hs-5fb67392c2", "title": "MAHRU & AHRA", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAHRU_%26_AHRA" }, { "id": "hs-e6a8dd48d6", "title": "Roboy", "publisher": "Wikipedia", "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roboy" }, { "id": "hs-65731277ce", "title": "PR2 Hardware Specs (archived)", "publisher": "Willow Garage (via Internet Archive)", "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/2014/http://www.willowgarage.com/pages/pr2/specs" }, { "id": "hs-a844b298e1", "title": "Syntro", "publisher": "WorkFar", "url": "https://www.workfar.com/syntro" }, { "id": "hs-08b0d2d42e", "title": "Bringing AI to life", "publisher": "World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)", "url": "https://www.upov.int/en/web/wipo-magazine/articles/bringing-ai-to-life-40507" }, { "id": "hs-857cedf684", "title": "大象安泰 具身智能 仿真人形机器人：智慧场馆的智能导览与科技融合新范式 (WRC 2026 exhibitor brochure, PDF)", "publisher": "World Robot Conference / Shenzhen Daxiang Antai", "url": "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/profile/robot/download/2026/07/22/20260722093656000768_20260722093656A120.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-b94c30510d", "title": "Kepler K3W wheeled-chassis dual-arm humanoid robot (exhibitor product page)", "publisher": "World Robot Conference 2026", "url": "https://www.worldrobotconference.com/expo/product/1399.html" }, { "id": "hs-6880d2b079", "title": "Development of Humanoid Robot Platform KHR-2 (KAIST Humanoid Robot 2), IJHR vol. 2 no. 4 (2005), DOI 10.1142/S0219843605000612", "publisher": "World Scientific via Crossref", "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1142/s0219843605000612" }, { "id": "hs-2806bdf936", "title": "General information", "publisher": "Wrocław University of Science and Technology", "url": "https://pwr.edu.pl/en/university/about-us/general-information" }, { "id": "hs-d1a263aaa7", "title": "QUANTA X2", "publisher": "X Square Robot", "url": "https://x2robot.com/product/quantum2" }, { "id": "hs-12454ba2f2", "title": "X Square Robot home page", "publisher": "X Square Robot", "url": "https://x2robot.com/" }, { "id": "hs-e45319577a", "title": "Tianyi 2.0", "publisher": "X-Humanoid", "url": "https://www.x-humanoid.com/detail/tianyi.html" }, { "id": "hs-5ca33434d5", "title": "Tiangong Omni", "publisher": "X-Humanoid", "url": "https://www.x-humanoid.com/detail/omni.html" }, { "id": "hs-ea1760ae03", "title": "Tiangong 3.0", "publisher": "X-Humanoid", "url": "https://www.x-humanoid.com/detail/jstg.html" }, { "id": "hs-50e5c68674", "title": "XPENG Unveils Kunpeng Super Electric System and AI-Defined Mobility Innovations at XPENG AI Day", "publisher": "XPENG", "url": "https://www.xpeng.com/news/019301d2135392fa562d8a0282200016" }, { "id": "hs-ed485c2994", "title": "XPENG Corporate Story", "publisher": "XPENG", "url": "https://www.xpeng.com/ae/brand.html" }, { "id": "hs-ad5e4661e3", "title": "Justina, el robot de servicio de la UNAM destaca por su sistema de reconocimiento de voz en la RoboCup Major@Home 2017", "publisher": "Xataka Mexico", "url": "https://www.xataka.com.mx/ciencia/justina-el-robot-de-servicio-de-la-unam-destaca-por-su-sistema-de-reconocimiento-de-voz-en-la-robocup-major-home-2017" }, { "id": "hs-41e77dcb61", "title": "About Us", "publisher": "Xiaomi", "url": "https://www.mi.com/global/about/" }, { "id": "hs-f6090b1f71", "title": "Hubei Chucai series humanoid robots appear together (photos)", "publisher": "Xinhua", "url": "https://www.news.cn/photo/20250205/36457a7909794cd9927f8ab8f7b52ab1/c.html" }, { "id": "hs-7f9ef0d066", "title": "Jingchu humanoid robot settles in Wuhan and starts mass production", "publisher": "Xinhua", "url": "https://www.news.cn/tech/20250616/468f4b1a616c4289ac83933491fbba2e/c.html" }, { "id": "hs-a9df536d42", "title": "ROKAE at 2026 World Robot Conference", "publisher": "Xinhua", "url": "https://www.news.cn/tech/20260819/7f5d37a4a1d84b908bab1ce1380fada3/c.html" }, { "id": "hs-3e4dc344d9", "title": "Vbot ATOM发布 维他动力人形机器人进入产品化时刻", "publisher": "Xinhua (新华网)", "url": "https://www.xinhuanet.com/auto/20260822/552eab20bbfb45aab48880b1878f7938/c.html" }, { "id": "hs-7120c563e3", "title": "X-Humanoid launches Pelican-Unify model and Tiangong Omni", "publisher": "Xinhua Finance (cnfin)", "url": "https://www.cnfin.com/gs-lb/detail/20260820/4458066_1.html" }, { "id": "hs-9d6da9773c", "title": "Swancor launches Qiyuan Q1 small humanoid", "publisher": "Xinhua Finance (cnfin)", "url": "https://www.cnfin.com/gs-lb/detail/20251231/4359131_1.html" }, { "id": "hs-2a32a73ca1", "title": "Weave Robotics", "publisher": "Y Combinator", "url": "https://ycombinator.com/companies/weave-robotics" }, { "id": "hs-e0003875b1", "title": "K-Scale Labs", "publisher": "Y Combinator", "url": "https://www.ycombinator.com/companies/k-scale-labs" }, { "id": "hs-c977c0763e", "title": "OS3", "publisher": "Y Combinator", "url": "https://www.ycombinator.com/companies/os3" }, { "id": "hs-9880288fa2", "title": "K-Scale Labs: Open-source humanoid robots for everyone (launch post)", "publisher": "Y Combinator", "url": "https://www.ycombinator.com/launches/KkQ-k-scale-labs-open-source-humanoid-robots-for-everyone" }, { "id": "hs-23ee2c0950", "title": "Bumi is an inexpensive humanoid robot that'll entertain and educate you", "publisher": "Yanko Design", "url": "https://www.yankodesign.com/2025/10/27/bumi-is-an-inexpensive-humanoid-robot-thatll-entertain-and-educate-you/amp/" }, { "id": "hs-98e86d71e1", "title": "Service robot SmartPal V developed", "publisher": "Yaskawa Electric", "url": "https://www.yaskawa-global.com/newsrelease/technology/4954" }, { "id": "hs-d704ae3116", "title": "News", "publisher": "Yaskawa Electric", "url": "https://www.yaskawa-global.com/news" }, { "id": "hs-1d0a578fa9", "title": "China's Fourier Intelligence Debuts General-Purpose Humanoid Robot at World AI Conference", "publisher": "Yicai Global", "url": "https://yicaiglobal.com/news/20230706-04-chinas-fourier-intelligence-debuts-general-purpose-humanoid-robot-at-world-ai-conference" }, { "id": "hs-b958f3f7c0", "title": "World's First Commercial Humanoid Robot Fighting League Launches in China", "publisher": "Yicai Global", "url": "https://www2.yicaiglobal.com/news/worlds-first-commercial-humanoid-robot-fighting-league-launches-in-china" }, { "id": "hs-d7eee12d34", "title": "LimX bags USD200 million in pre-IPO financing round", "publisher": "Yicai Global", "url": "https://www2.yicaiglobal.com/news/chinese-humanoid-robot-maker-limx-bags-usd200-million-in-pre-ipo-financing-round" }, { "id": "hs-ae0f3bba04", "title": "Shanghai's First Humanoid Robots Plant to Start Deliveries in October", "publisher": "Yicai Global", "url": "https://www.yicaiglobal.com/news/shanghais-first-humanoid-robots-plant-to-start-deliveries-in-october-report-says" }, { "id": "hs-87ff8dff04", "title": "JD.com leads fundraiser backing RoboScience", "publisher": "Yicai Global", "url": "https://www.yicaiglobal.com/news/jdcom-leads-fundraiser-of-fourth-chinese-robotics-firm-this-month" }, { "id": "hs-10c4b8d213", "title": "Atom Physical AI Foundry unveiling (video)", "publisher": "YouTube (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjS8HFJTPls" }, { "id": "hs-f4273a3c26", "title": "ugo Nova at the AIRoA domestic general-purpose robot competition (video)", "publisher": "YouTube (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FN7NFvZ_SdA" }, { "id": "hs-f2e61c5adb", "title": "ZEALS semi-humanoid D1 greeting (video)", "publisher": "YouTube (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=if5W7-n8o70" }, { "id": "hs-4daaa162a5", "title": "ZEALS D1 autonomous pick-and-place (video)", "publisher": "YouTube (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xV336CCLHW4" }, { "id": "hs-effe9c5560", "title": "Keigan KeiganGPR at the AIRoA competition exhibit (video)", "publisher": "YouTube (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gfpnnTiw60U" }, { "id": "hs-1d95d4925c", "title": "KeiganGPR running a VLA model, AIRoA competition demo (video)", "publisher": "YouTube (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqbCBswnjQA" }, { "id": "hs-c2e6686bba", "title": "HatsuMuv 'Type 08 Mobiloid' at the AIRoA competition exhibit (video)", "publisher": "YouTube (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uibGkAzliqc" }, { "id": "hs-bd6b3ff97a", "title": "EmplifAI 'OpenShell' at the AIRoA competition exhibit (video)", "publisher": "YouTube (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XyTK9d-xaXk" }, { "id": "hs-f1feee1a84", "title": "Jinki Ittai 'Zero-shiki Jinki ver.2.0' demo video (courtesy JR West)", "publisher": "YouTube (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ocmy7giLLTI" }, { "id": "hs-9408bcdb18", "title": "THK's fast humanoid FRED at Expo 2025 Future Creation Robot Week (video)", "publisher": "YouTube (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CltbUEI9mcM" }, { "id": "hs-a9443fe0d7", "title": "Sony HANAMOFLOR at iREX 2025 (video)", "publisher": "YouTube (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ee--sh10Igc" }, { "id": "hs-c753fc4774", "title": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries 'Nyokkey 4' at ICRA 2024 (video)", "publisher": "YouTube (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tgT1j1NJNek" }, { "id": "hs-00c3eb53f1", "title": "Tokyo Robotics Torobo at ICRA 2024 (video)", "publisher": "YouTube (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2jTMxs61_g" }, { "id": "hs-c5b67e8b4d", "title": "Kawada Robotics boom-mounted lifting 'NEXTAGE Fillie' at iREX 2025 (video)", "publisher": "YouTube (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FPbhyjkOCbE" }, { "id": "hs-bf0568461a", "title": "RealMan Robotics 'RealBot' at iREX 2025 (video)", "publisher": "YouTube (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GqCA_IjolTc" }, { "id": "hs-52ac9998d8", "title": "ROBOTIS HUMANOID AI Sapiens (video)", "publisher": "YouTube (ROBOTIS)", "url": "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eFRftVHCwUs" }, { "id": "hs-5acc480961", "title": "Kerala's iHUB Robotics is teaching robots to see, act, and understand", "publisher": "YourStory", "url": "https://yourstory.com/2026/07/kerala-robotics-startup-ihub" }, { "id": "hs-d5848013b9", "title": "ZDF heute report on Robotinho conducting Berlin Philharmonic cellists (April 2007, archived by the AIS group)", "publisher": "ZDF / University of Bonn AIS press archive", "url": "https://www.ais.uni-bonn.de/nimbro/press/ZDF_heute_04_2007.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-98196e2402", "title": "ZERITH H1", "publisher": "Zerith", "url": "https://www.zerith.com/product/ZerithH1/" }, { "id": "hs-4f96571202", "title": "Zerith at the Hefei technology transfer fair (Apr 2026)", "publisher": "Zerith", "url": "https://www.zerith.com/news/68.html" }, { "id": "hs-ab976df9ee", "title": "Zerith home page", "publisher": "Zerith", "url": "https://www.zerith.com/" }, { "id": "hs-78ff021c8f", "title": "Jupiter", "publisher": "Zeroth", "url": "https://www.zeroth0.com/products/jupiter" }, { "id": "hs-d1de1463d2", "title": "Zeroth Robotics launches into the U.S. with debut lineup (press release)", "publisher": "Zeroth via Webull News", "url": "https://www.webull.com/news/14144520997651456" }, { "id": "hs-6ea79a2446", "title": "Humanoid robot table-tennis paper (2011)", "publisher": "Zhejiang University APRIL lab", "url": "https://april.zju.edu.cn/core/papercite-data/pdf/xiong2011ahr.pdf" }, { "id": "hs-95beca9534", "title": "Tesla converts Fremont to build a million Optimus robots a year", "publisher": "ai2.work", "url": "https://ai2.work/blog/tesla-converts-fremont-to-build-a-million-optimus-robots-a-year" }, { "id": "hs-ae84abffeb", "title": "Humanoid TeenSize Open Platform NimbRo-OP (HTML)", "publisher": "ar5iv / arXiv", "url": "https://ar5iv.labs.arxiv.org/html/1809.11024" }, { "id": "hs-f14742df5b", "title": "Kangaroo lower-body paper (arXiv 2312.04161)", "publisher": "arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/2312.04161v2" }, { "id": "hs-5a6c205ff7", "title": "Demonstrating Berkeley Humanoid Lite: An Open-source, Accessible, and Customizable 3D-printed Humanoid Robot", "publisher": "arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/2504.17249v1" }, { "id": "hs-73561b1195", "title": "AGILOped: Agile Open-Source Humanoid Robot for Research", "publisher": "arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/2509.09364v1" }, { "id": "hs-4fde6aec2a", "title": "Nori A3: A Bimanual Mobile Manipulator at the Appliance Price Point", "publisher": "arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.16537" }, { "id": "hs-0162e2da67", "title": "AgiBot World Colosseo: A Large-scale Manipulation Platform (technical report, HTML)", "publisher": "arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/2503.06669v1" }, { "id": "hs-ce874bbb27", "title": "A ROS-based Software Framework for the NimbRo-OP Humanoid Open Platform", "publisher": "arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1809.11051" }, { "id": "hs-bb77a96184", "title": "A Corroborative Approach to Verification and Validation of Human-Robot Teams", "publisher": "arXiv", "url": "https://ar5iv.labs.arxiv.org/html/1608.07403" }, { "id": "hs-2e1af03eb4", "title": "Component Modularized Design of Musculoskeletal Humanoid Platform Musashi to Investigate Learning Control Systems (IROS 2019)", "publisher": "arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/2410.22000v1" }, { "id": "hs-257200b009", "title": "Toward Autonomous Driving by Musculoskeletal Humanoids: A Study of Developed Hardware and Learning-Based Software", "publisher": "arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/2406.05573v1" }, { "id": "hs-5fe1902e0b", "title": "What Communication Modalities Do Users Prefer in Real Time HRI? (Novanda, Salem, Saunders, Walters, Dautenhahn)", "publisher": "arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.03992" }, { "id": "hs-213b57486d", "title": "iCub3 Avatar System: Enabling Remote Fully-Immersive Embodiment of Humanoid Robots (Dafarra et al.)", "publisher": "arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.06972" }, { "id": "hs-8a2773857c", "title": "A hierarchical, model-based system for high-performance humanoid soccer", "publisher": "arXiv", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.09431" }, { "id": "hs-88fba121ab", "title": "Olaf: Bringing an Animated Character to Life in the Physical World", "publisher": "arXiv (Disney Research Imagineering)", "url": "https://arxiv.org/html/2512.16705v1" }, { "id": "hs-8ef58d1ee6", "title": "Design, analysis and control of the series-parallel hybrid RH5 humanoid robot", "publisher": "arXiv (Esser et al.)", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2101.10591" }, { "id": "hs-e4ea3b28c9", "title": "NimbRo-OP2X: Adult-sized open-source 3D printed humanoid robot", "publisher": "arXiv (Ficht et al., University of Bonn)", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.08395" }, { "id": "hs-1d3068c9b7", "title": "NimbRo-OP2: Grown-up 3D Printed Open Humanoid Platform for Research", "publisher": "arXiv (Humanoids 2017 paper)", "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1809.11144" }, { "id": "hs-057b439533", "title": "Humanoid TeenSize Open Platform NimbRo-OP", "publisher": "arXiv (RoboCup 2013 Symposium paper)", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1809.11024" }, { "id": "hs-896a0f788e", "title": "NimbRo Rescue: Solving Disaster-Response Tasks through Mobile Manipulation Robot Momaro (Journal of Field Robotics 34(2), 2017; arXiv 1810.01345)", "publisher": "arXiv / University of Bonn", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.01345" }, { "id": "hs-e92c980b32", "title": "ISER 2002 proceedings (HERMES chapter)", "publisher": "dblp", "url": "https://mail.vldb.org/dblp/db/conf/iser/iser2002.html" }, { "id": "hs-4b2932397a", "title": "Ikuo Mizuuchi bibliography", "publisher": "dblp", "url": "https://dblp.uni-trier.de/pid/64/838.html" }, { "id": "hs-5b16b95dbc", "title": "Honda E2-DR robot for disaster relief", "publisher": "designboom", "url": "https://www.designboom.com/technology/honda-e2-dr-robot-iros-disaster-relief-10-04-2017/" }, { "id": "hs-977a0fbea6", "title": "RIKEN's ROBEAR robot assists nurses when caring for their patients", "publisher": "designboom", "url": "https://www.designboom.com/technology/riken-robear-robot-nursing-care-02-26-2015/" }, { "id": "hs-a55121b10f", "title": "Myon by Frackenpohl Poulheim", "publisher": "designboom", "url": "https://www.designboom.com/technology/frackenpohl-poulheim-myon/" }, { "id": "hs-9d5d6def18", "title": "isento GmbH exhibitor profile, didacta 2024", "publisher": "didacta Cologne", "url": "https://www.didacta-cologne.com/exhibitor/isento_gmbh/" }, { "id": "hs-8904c32ff3", "title": "Konya merkezli Akınrobotics'ten ilk insansı robot: AKINCI 5", "publisher": "eGirişim", "url": "https://egirisim.com/2026/06/26/konya-merkezli-akinroboticsten-ilk-insansi-robot-akinci-5/" }, { "id": "hs-f31c0f0db0", "title": "Unitree STAR Market listing", "publisher": "eHangzhou", "url": "https://www.ehangzhou.gov.cn/2026-08/18/c_298718.htm" }, { "id": "hs-46b15699ff", "title": "Professor commissions creepy robot that looks exactly like him (Mar 2011)", "publisher": "eSchool News", "url": "https://www.eschoolnews.com/it-management/2011/03/08/professor-commissions-creepy-robot-that-looks-exactly-like-him/" }, { "id": "hs-4ee089bb39", "title": "Two new humanoid AI robots stand out for being affordable and open source", "publisher": "eWeek", "url": "https://www.eweek.com/news/hugging-face-robots-reachy-mini-hopejr/" }, { "id": "hs-0cc30c4d5a", "title": "Meet 'Alex': a disaster-response humanoid", "publisher": "eWeek", "url": "https://www.eweek.com/news/ihmc-alex-robot-china-robotics-race/" }, { "id": "hs-70792c3c23", "title": "Meet Memo, the robot that does real chores", "publisher": "eWeek", "url": "https://www.eweek.com/news/sunday-memo-home-robot/" }, { "id": "hs-2d4739d644", "title": "Humanoid robot aims to drive productivity for a 3 day week", "publisher": "eeNews Europe", "url": "https://www.eenewseurope.com/en/humanoid-robot-aims-to-drive-productivity-for-a-3-day-week" }, { "id": "hs-6f9fec95ff", "title": "Twendy-One robot to help with labor and the elderly", "publisher": "element14 Community", "url": "https://community.element14.com/technologies/robotics/b/blog/posts/twendy-one-robot-to-help-with-labor-and-the-elderly" }, { "id": "hs-0e03d73d47", "title": "ergoCub robot", "publisher": "ergoCub project (IIT / INAIL)", "url": "https://ergocub.eu/robot" }, { "id": "hs-6dfb1718bc", "title": "ergoCub project home", "publisher": "ergoCub project (IIT / INAIL)", "url": "https://ergocub.eu/" }, { "id": "hs-16d7167187", "title": "ergoCub A.I.", "publisher": "ergoCub project (IIT / INAIL)", "url": "https://ergocub.eu/a-i" }, { "id": "hs-3a9cdbc96a", "title": "PAL Robotics launches humanoid biped robot REEM-C", "publisher": "euRobotics", "url": "https://eu-robotics.net/pal-robotics-launches-humanoid-biped-robot-reem-c/" }, { "id": "hs-56e7af13ad", "title": "Indian government announces 500 crore fund to boost humanoid robotics development", "publisher": "fundsforNGOs News", "url": "https://news.fundsforngos.org/2026/06/09/indian-government-announces-%E2%82%B9500-crore-fund-to-boost-humanoid-robotics-development/" }, { "id": "hs-61665f7db5", "title": "Unitree introduces its first wheeled humanoid robot G1-D for data collection and AI training", "publisher": "gagadget", "url": "https://gagadget.com/en/683530-unitree-introduces-its-first-wheeled-humanoid-robot-g1-d-for-data-collection-and-ai-training-amp/" }, { "id": "hs-421b42f555", "title": "Munich robotics company Agile Robots showcases its first humanoid robot", "publisher": "heise", "url": "https://heise.de/-11087280" }, { "id": "hs-f78564a254", "title": "Humanoid robot Unitree G1 costs 16,000 dollars", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://heise.de/-9720187" }, { "id": "hs-3037a4640b", "title": "Affordable humanoid robot: Unitree R1 costs 5900 US dollars", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://heise.de/-10501209" }, { "id": "hs-01b58d60a7", "title": "Humanoid robots: UBTech prepares mass production of Walker S series", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://heise.de/-10257836" }, { "id": "hs-d27e8e0f7e", "title": "Fourier GR-2 humanoid robot: modular design, longer battery life", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://heise.de/-9958213" }, { "id": "hs-33391547de", "title": "Dobot Robotics shows humanoid robot Atom for 27,500 US dollars", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://heise.de/-10320328" }, { "id": "hs-be82b13af4", "title": "Record-breaking: L7 humanoid robot runs at a speed of 14.4 km/h", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://heise.de/-10499687" }, { "id": "hs-2d5bb49ebd", "title": "SwitchBot onero H1 at CES 2026 (report)", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://www.heise.de/-11128479" }, { "id": "hs-de362a9be3", "title": "Robotics startup develops universal industrial robot in under two years", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://heise.de/-11200201" }, { "id": "hs-042fe1dbd1", "title": "LimX CL-2 humanoid robot: more stable contortions with new actuators", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://heise.de/-10228901" }, { "id": "hs-3641c2cf3c", "title": "German plastics manufacturer shows humanoid robot for industrial applications", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://heise.de/-10374899" }, { "id": "hs-25cbeb49fd", "title": "UBTech offers humanoid research robot for around 41,000 US dollars", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://heise.de/-10315912" }, { "id": "hs-7a1d174ef8", "title": "Humanoid robot Sprout for research: Amazon acquires Fauna Robotics", "publisher": "heise online", "url": "https://heise.de/-11224073" }, { "id": "hs-f43f587b9c", "title": "Tara Gen 1 — India's Most Advanced Humanoid Robot", "publisher": "iHub Robotics", "url": "https://www.ihubrobotics.com/tara" }, { "id": "hs-af031f0627", "title": "Daksha Gen-2 – Mobile Humanoid Robot", "publisher": "iHub Robotics", "url": "https://www.ihubrobotics.com/daksha-mini" }, { "id": "hs-dc1eade8e5", "title": "Report on first Qiyuan T1 deliveries (7 Oct 2026)", "publisher": "ifeng (环球科技网)", "url": "https://tech.ifeng.com/c/8x23HKFeOsW" }, { "id": "hs-07810caa12", "title": "普罗宇宙大白机器人2.0亮相：具有亚毫米级操作水准", "publisher": "ifeng Tech", "url": "https://tech.ifeng.com/c/8o0fG4wmnH3" }, { "id": "hs-7b8ce13b04", "title": "iggyRob product page", "publisher": "igus", "url": "https://www.igus.eu/product/22702" }, { "id": "hs-15a1662b8b", "title": "About igus", "publisher": "igus", "url": "https://www.igus.eu/info/company-about-igus" }, { "id": "hs-301fd6eacd", "title": "igus press", "publisher": "igus", "url": "https://press.igus.com/" }, { "id": "hs-6698d91a22", "title": "igus Introduces Iggy Rob: An Affordable Humanoid Robot for Industrial and Service Applications", "publisher": "igus press", "url": "https://press.igus.com/?p=2484" }, { "id": "hs-0f25d4b4f4", "title": "ドーナッツロボティクス、日本発ヒューマノイド「cinnamon 1」発表", "publisher": "innovatopia", "url": "https://innovatopia.jp/robot/robot-news/78362/" }, { "id": "hs-771b390a0f", "title": "pib - the printable intelligent bot", "publisher": "isento (pib.rocks)", "url": "https://pib.rocks/" }, { "id": "hs-a94b25843b", "title": "ATOM opens 'Physical AI Foundry' data-collection centre and signs strategic partnership with NSK", "publisher": "note (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/n096d0bc70520" }, { "id": "hs-a43503bdba", "title": "ugo unveils 10 kg-payload semi-humanoid 'ugo Nova' and 'ugo Physical AI Fabric' services [PR]", "publisher": "note (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/nc6bde0f3d035" }, { "id": "hs-645fc964d3", "title": "AIRoA's domestic general-purpose robot development competition and outlook (Ogata lecture report)", "publisher": "note (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/n98141a1335ea" }, { "id": "hs-5bb320ca26", "title": "Roundup: semi-humanoids", "publisher": "note (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/nd69962a30a00" }, { "id": "hs-739be7c57a", "title": "AWS Japan physical AI development support programme results day report", "publisher": "note (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/n4bb474e1bf78" }, { "id": "hs-c30e5c43e9", "title": "Advantech and Jinki Ittai partner on edge computing and robotics", "publisher": "note (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/n2e8ef3d91457" }, { "id": "hs-151437e141", "title": "Forcesteed and RealMan to launch a robot motion-data collection centre in Japan [PR]", "publisher": "note (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/n52f66cac816d" }, { "id": "hs-9109c00615", "title": "The 'Olaf' robot from Disney Imagineering is amazing", "publisher": "note (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/n0921f686e7f0" }, { "id": "hs-8bd4427b4e", "title": "J-HRTI Kanto Data Factory enters full operation; 'satellite site' plan for SME data collection", "publisher": "note (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/n59c4eea9aa2e" }, { "id": "hs-ca94b5b9bc", "title": "GMO Humanoid Lab Shibuya showroom opens, aiming for 100 robots and 100 engineers", "publisher": "note (Kazumichi Moriyama)", "url": "https://note.com/kmoriyama/n/n9ee69e3e0279" }, { "id": "hs-82f29f5a8f", "title": "Computer Chronicles Revisited 40: Tsukuba Expo '85", "publisher": "smoliva.blog", "url": "https://smoliva.blog/post/computer-chronicles-revisited-040-tsukuba-expo-85" }, { "id": "hs-b47eaf9629", "title": "tmsuk", "publisher": "tmsuk", "url": "https://www.tmsuk.co.jp/" }, { "id": "hs-356f49b699", "title": "ugo announces 'ugo Nova', a domestic semi-humanoid for the physical-AI era (news release)", "publisher": "ugo", "url": "https://ugo.plus/information/2026/09/16/ugo-nova/" }, { "id": "hs-68e2c6f155", "title": "ugo product line-up (ugo mini, ugo Pro, ugo Ex)", "publisher": "ugo", "url": "https://ugo.plus/products/" }, { "id": "hs-99243be39f", "title": "AI robot imitation-learning kit: ugo Pro R&D", "publisher": "ugo", "url": "https://ugo.plus/products/ugo-pro-rd/" }, { "id": "hs-6eeed114ec", "title": "Ant Group launches first humanoid robot R1", "publisher": "unwire.hk", "url": "https://unwire.hk/2025/09/13/ant-group-r1-humanoid-robot-ai/ai/" }, { "id": "hs-3c7d8009ce", "title": "Sberbank to release 180-centimetre humanoid robots for retail and production", "publisher": "www1.ru", "url": "https://www1.ru/en/news/2026/06/21/sberbank-vypustit-180-santimetrovyx-robotov-gumanoidov-dlia-riteila-i-proizvodstva.html" } ], "players": [ { "makerId": "agibot", "name": "AgiBot (Zhiyuan Robotics)", "country": "China", "units2025": 5168, "units2025Source": "Omdia", "units2025Note": "Omdia: 5,168 units, 39% of ~13,000 global (Jan 2026); IDC puts it at about 5,000. AgiBot also says 'over 5,100' (company figure).", "unitsCumulative": 20000, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": "2026-09", "unitsCumulativeNote": "20,000 robots produced as of Sept 2026 (company figure reported alongside IDC H1 2026 data). 10,000th unit rolled out 30 Mar 2026; 15,000 by June 2026. Includes wheeled and quadruped lines.", "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "Over a dozen rounds (Tencent, Hillhouse, Sequoia China, BYD, JD.com, SAIC among backers); round totals not disclosed. Took control of STAR-listed Swancor Advanced Materials in 2025.", "valuationUsd": 2070000000, "valuationAsOf": "2025-03", "valuationNote": "Private valuation: PitchBook $2.07B (Mar 2025, via Reuters); company disclosed 15 billion yuan in 2025. Hong Kong IPO launched Jul 2026, reportedly targeting US$20B (HK$156B); listing not confirmed as of this pass.", "public": null, "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": "No stated factory capacity found. 2026 goal: 'several-fold growth' (chairman); expects 4 billion yuan revenue in 2026.", "customers": [ "Chimelong Spaceship Park, Hengqin (300+ robots)", "ASD stores (100 X2 robots)" ], "customersNote": "Deployments in 3C manufacturing, logistics, retail, hospitality, education across Europe, North America, Japan, Korea, SE Asia, Middle East (company).", "statedAmbition": "Several-fold growth in 2026 and 4 billion yuan revenue this year (chairman Deng Taihua / IPO reporting, Jul 2026).", "sources": [ "hs-145f50cbbe", "hs-9a1730c896", "hs-d5932408f3", "hs-d07a13c0a8", "hs-469558df24", "hs-5b3eb30a85", "hs-d351ff591c", "hs-d5a5d7067c" ] }, { "makerId": "unitree", "name": "Unitree Robotics", "country": "China", "units2025": 5500, "units2025Source": "company", "units2025Note": "Company figure (IPO prospectus): over 5,500 humanoids shipped in 2025, excluding wheeled dual-arm robots; production over 6,500. Omdia counted 4,200; IDC about 5,000.", "unitsCumulative": 5632, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": "2025-12", "unitsCumulativeNote": "Company figure: 5,632 humanoids sold 2023-2025 (plus 33,294 quadrupeds), from the STAR Market prospectus.", "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "Private rounds (Series C 2025 at ~$1.7B per The Robot Report); IPO raised about 6.1 billion yuan gross at 150.80 yuan/share (Aug 2026).", "valuationUsd": 50000000000, "valuationAsOf": "2026-08", "valuationNote": "IPO offer implied ~61 billion yuan.", "public": "688836 (Shanghai STAR Market)", "capacityPerYear": 75000, "capacityNote": "Target: capacity of 75,000 humanoids and 115,000 quadrupeds a year (TrendForce citing Unitree plans); IPO proceeds include 624 million yuan for a manufacturing base.", "customers": [], "customersNote": "Mostly research, education and consumer buyers; overseas revenue 43.65% of 2025 main revenue, US 13.3%. 2025 revenue 1.70 billion yuan; humanoids 867.8 million yuan.", "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [ "hs-5bc87d090d", "hs-9d334ee993", "hs-d5102b3fc9", "hs-7b70901f52", "hs-9daae0c6d2", "hs-9a1730c896" ] }, { "makerId": "ubtech", "name": "UBTECH Robotics", "country": "China", "units2025": 1079, "units2025Source": "company", "units2025Note": "Company figure (2025 annual results): 1,079 full-size humanoids sold; segment revenue 821 million yuan. Omdia counted 1,000; IDC places it in the 400-1,000 band.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": "1,000th Walker S2 delivered (Jul 2026, company announcement); no all-model cumulative total.", "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "Listed company; no venture total applicable.", "valuationUsd": null, "valuationAsOf": "2026-07", "valuationNote": "Market cap about EUR 4.72B on German quote (23 Jul 2026, Boerse Express); not converted here.", "public": "9880 (HKEX)", "capacityPerYear": 6000, "capacityNote": "Stated: annualised capacity over 6,000 full-size humanoids at end-2025 (company). Earlier plans: 5,000 in 2026 and 10,000 in 2027 (targets).", "customers": [ "Siemens Digital Industries Software (partner)" ], "customersNote": "2025 humanoid orders about 1.4 billion yuan (company). Sectors: automotive, 3C, batteries, logistics.", "statedAmbition": "Annual capacity of 10,000 industrial humanoids by 2027 (company plan, reported 2025-26).", "sources": [ "hs-6173f399fc", "hs-b01268e0cd", "hs-a039da6e8f", "hs-9a1730c896", "hs-d5102b3fc9" ] }, { "makerId": "galbot", "name": "Galbot (Galaxy General Robot)", "country": "China", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": "IDC", "units2025Note": "IDC 2025 vendor table (via IT Brief) puts it in the 400-1,000 unit band; no exact figure published.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": "Company says cumulative orders of 'several thousand' units; deliveries not disclosed.", "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "Dec 2025: over $300M led by China Mobile fund at $3B post-money; Mar 2026: 2.5 billion yuan ($362M) from Sinopec, CITIC, Bank of China, National AI Industry Fund. ~5 billion yuan raised in three months.", "valuationUsd": 3000000000, "valuationAsOf": "2025-12", "valuationNote": "Private, post-money $3B (Dec 2025 round, Caixin); Gasgoo says above 20 billion yuan. March 2026 round valuation not disclosed; preparing Hong Kong IPO.", "public": null, "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": "No capacity figure disclosed.", "customers": [ "CATL", "Bosch", "Toyota", "Hyundai", "BAIC", "SAIC", "Zeekr", "Great Wall Motor", "Xuanwu Hospital", "West China Hospital" ], "customersNote": "Named partners per Caixin and Gasgoo; 100+ unmanned 'Galaxy Space Capsule' stores in 20+ cities.", "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [ "hs-3a0261bf65", "hs-7c0dfc9328", "hs-d5932408f3", "hs-d5102b3fc9" ] }, { "makerId": "leju", "name": "Leju Robotics", "country": "China", "units2025": 577, "units2025Source": "company", "units2025Note": "Company figure (ChiNext prospectus): 577 full-size Kuavo units in 2025, up from 32 in 2024; also 91 Roban and 3,988 Aelos education robots. IDC lists Leju at about 1,000.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": 200000000, "fundingNote": "1.5 billion yuan (~$200M) pre-IPO round, Oct 2025; ChiNext IPO accepted 19 May 2026 seeking 2.6 billion yuan. Tencent holds 7.32%.", "valuationUsd": null, "valuationAsOf": "2026-05", "valuationNote": "Latest private post-money 4.327 billion yuan (prospectus); IPO expected to imply ~10 billion yuan. No USD figure in source.", "public": null, "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": "No stated capacity; part of IPO proceeds for an industrialisation base.", "customers": [ "FAW (proof-of-concept)", "Huawei (partner)" ], "customersNote": "Kuavo revenue: 45% data collection, 32.5% research/education, 18.7% commercial services, 3.9% manufacturing.", "statedAmbition": "Profitability by 2028 (prospectus).", "sources": [ "hs-6a8b23615e", "hs-9daae0c6d2", "hs-d5932408f3" ] }, { "makerId": "booster", "name": "Booster Robotics (Accelerated Evolution)", "country": "China", "units2025": 1000, "units2025Source": "IDC", "units2025Note": "IDC 2025 vendor table: about 1,000 units ('Accelerated Evolution'). Company says Q1 2026 shipments were up 500% YoY.", "unitsCumulative": 1000, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": "2026-04", "unitsCumulativeNote": "Company figure: K1 alone over 1,000 shipped to 400 clients in 20+ countries (Apr 2026); over 700 humanoids cumulative as of Dec 2025, >50% overseas.", "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "About 100 million yuan led by IDG (Dec 2025); nearly 1 billion yuan led by Beijing High-Precision Industry Fund, Guosheng and Huakun (Apr 2026). USD not stated in sources.", "valuationUsd": null, "valuationAsOf": null, "valuationNote": "Valuation not disclosed.", "public": null, "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": "No capacity figure.", "customers": [], "customersNote": "400 clients (company).", "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [ "hs-5a49c9aa1d", "hs-e5f9720519", "hs-d5932408f3", "hs-d5102b3fc9" ] }, { "makerId": "noetix", "name": "Noetix Robotics (Songyan Dynamics)", "country": "China", "units2025": 1000, "units2025Source": "IDC", "units2025Note": "IDC 2025 vendor table: about 1,000 units ('Songyan Dynamics'). Company has not published a unit figure.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": 145900000, "fundingNote": "Series B nearly 1 billion yuan (~$145.9M) led by CATL-affiliated Chendao Capital (Mar 2026), after 300 million yuan pre-B (Oct 2025); ninth round. Earlier totals not disclosed, so this is the latest round only.", "valuationUsd": null, "valuationAsOf": null, "valuationNote": "Valuation not disclosed.", "public": null, "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": "No capacity figure.", "customers": [], "customersNote": "Consumer focus: Bumi priced under 10,000 yuan; N2 at 39,900 yuan.", "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [ "hs-a52ac79555", "hs-d5932408f3" ] }, { "makerId": "engineai", "name": "EngineAI (Zhongqing Robotics)", "country": "China", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": "IDC", "units2025Note": "IDC 2025 vendor table (via IT Brief) puts it in the 400-1,000 unit band; no exact figure published. Company says it went from one test machine in 2024 to 'hundreds' of PM01 units in 2025.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "$200M Series B (Apr 2026) led by Henan Investment Group fund and Luxshare; confidential Hong Kong IPO filing (Jun 2026).", "valuationUsd": 1500000000, "valuationAsOf": "2026-04", "valuationNote": "Private: above 10 billion yuan (~$1.5B) after Apr 2026 Series B (The Next Web).", "public": null, "capacityPerYear": 10000, "capacityNote": "Shenzhen factory opened 1 Jun 2026, one T800 every 15 minutes, 'geared for 10,000 units' (company; capacity target).", "customers": [ "Luxshare Precision (investor)" ], "customersNote": null, "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [ "hs-7959cd1956", "hs-d5932408f3", "hs-9fba0701b7" ] }, { "makerId": "astribot", "name": "Astribot (Stardust Intelligence)", "country": "China", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": "IDC", "units2025Note": "IDC 2025 vendor table (via IT Brief) puts it in the 400-1,000 unit band; no exact figure published.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "Series B: over 1 billion yuan across three rounds in three months (to Jun 2026), investors incl. Bohua Capital fund, Thundersoft.", "valuationUsd": null, "valuationAsOf": "2026-06", "valuationNote": "Private: above 10 billion yuan (10jqka, Caixin); USD not stated.", "public": null, "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": "No capacity figure.", "customers": [ "Thundersoft (thousand-unit order, reported)" ], "customersNote": null, "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [ "hs-b550e66d69", "hs-f91c980406", "hs-d5932408f3" ] }, { "makerId": "robotera", "name": "Robotera (Robot Era)", "country": "China", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": "IDC", "units2025Note": "IDC 2025 vendor table lists it among vendors with more than 100 units ('Xingdong Era'). Shipped over 1,000 XHand dexterous hands in 2025 (company).", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": 140000000, "fundingNote": "Strategic round of 1 billion yuan (~$140M), 24 Mar 2026; 16 industrial backers incl. Geely, Alibaba, Lenovo, Haier, BAIC, SAIC. Latest round only; earlier totals not disclosed.", "valuationUsd": 1400000000, "valuationAsOf": "2026-03", "valuationNote": "Private: above 10 billion yuan (~$1.4B).", "public": null, "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": "No capacity figure.", "customers": [ "Samsung", "Renault", "TCL", "SF Express" ], "customersNote": "Company says 9 of the 10 largest listed tech firms are clients; ~50% revenue overseas; cumulative orders above 500 million yuan.", "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [ "hs-6532e1044e", "hs-d5932408f3", "hs-d5102b3fc9" ] }, { "makerId": "magiclab", "name": "MagicLab", "country": "China", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": "IDC", "units2025Note": "IDC 2025 vendor table lists it among vendors with more than 100 units ('Magic Atom').", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "500 million yuan round closed Mar 2026 (Gasgoo).", "valuationUsd": null, "valuationAsOf": null, "valuationNote": "Valuation not disclosed.", "public": null, "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": "Wuxi plant under construction, described as 10,000 robots a year when fully running (Aug 2026); report's split suggests most capacity is quadrupeds, so not counted as humanoid capacity.", "customers": [ "Dreame", "Pošta Slovenije (proposed sorting system)", "AliExpress (overseas partner)" ], "customersNote": "Cumulative orders over 100 million yuan (Gasgoo); 'more than CNY 1.1B orders and opportunities' includes pipeline (EqualOcean).", "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [ "hs-75d23dd295", "hs-51a380b77f", "hs-d5932408f3" ] }, { "makerId": "limx-dynamics", "name": "LimX Dynamics", "country": "China", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": null, "units2025Note": "No 2025 unit figure published.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "About $72M before 2026; $200M Series B (Feb 2026, Stone Venture, JD, Oriental Fortune, CoStone); $200M pre-IPO (Jul 2026, IDG, Lens Technology, Stone Venture). Sources do not confirm the two $200M rounds are distinct.", "valuationUsd": 2210000000, "valuationAsOf": "2026-07", "valuationNote": "Private: 15 billion yuan (~$2.21B) pre-IPO round (The Information via ChinaPulse); preparing Hong Kong IPO.", "public": null, "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": "No capacity figure.", "customers": [], "customersNote": null, "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [ "hs-21f186baee", "hs-5bc489ceca" ] }, { "makerId": "xpeng", "name": "XPeng (XPeng Robotics, IRON)", "country": "China", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": null, "units2025Note": "No IRON sales in 2025; first unit off Guangzhou line Sept 2026.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": 900000000, "fundingNote": "XPeng Robotics raised over $900M (Aug 2026) led by IDG with Gaorong, Tencent, Alibaba (~$600M external, ~$200M from an XPeng unit, ~$100M from leadership).", "valuationUsd": 6300000000, "valuationAsOf": "2026-08", "valuationNote": "Private valuation of the robotics subsidiary: over $6.3B post-money; XPeng keeps ~82%.", "public": "XPEV (NYSE) / 9868 (HKEX) for parent", "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": "Target: monthly capacity above 1,000 IRON units (timing differs across reports); mass production by end-2026, sales from 2027.", "customers": [], "customersNote": "First robots go to XPeng's own stores and campuses.", "statedAmbition": "1 million units by 2030 (floated by XPeng, Aug 2026).", "sources": [ "hs-62490f9f6f", "hs-bccd5ea17c" ] }, { "makerId": "fourier", "name": "Fourier", "country": "China", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": "Omdia", "units2025Note": "Omdia range 150-500 units for Fourier (China Daily); no exact figure.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "Series E nearly $109M with Prosperity7 (Jan 2025); later 2025 top-up reported. No reliable total found.", "valuationUsd": null, "valuationAsOf": null, "valuationNote": "Valuation not disclosed.", "public": null, "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": "No capacity figure.", "customers": [], "customersNote": null, "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [ "hs-2452905699", "hs-9fba0701b7" ] }, { "makerId": "kepler-exploration", "name": "Kepler Exploration Robotics", "country": "China", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": null, "units2025Note": "No unit figure published; K2 mass production began Sept 2025 per company.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": "Company: 'several thousand indicative orders' worth hundreds of millions of yuan for K2 (non-binding).", "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "Funding totals not confirmed.", "valuationUsd": null, "valuationAsOf": null, "valuationNote": null, "public": null, "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": "No capacity figure.", "customers": [], "customersNote": null, "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [ "hs-37474e06d9" ] }, { "makerId": "xiaomi", "name": "Xiaomi", "country": "China", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": null, "units2025Note": "No humanoid sales figures published.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "Listed company.", "valuationUsd": null, "valuationAsOf": null, "valuationNote": null, "public": "1810 (HKEX)", "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": "No humanoid capacity stated.", "customers": [], "customersNote": "CyberOne remains a demonstrator.", "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [] }, { "makerId": "dobot", "name": "Dobot (Shenzhen Yuejiang Technology)", "country": "China", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": null, "units2025Note": "No humanoid unit figure found; not named in Omdia or IDC 2025 vendor lists.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "Listed company.", "valuationUsd": null, "valuationAsOf": null, "valuationNote": null, "public": "2432 (HKEX)", "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": null, "customers": [], "customersNote": null, "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [] }, { "makerId": "beijing-humanoid-innovation-center", "name": "Beijing Humanoid Robot Innovation Center (X-Humanoid)", "country": "China", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": "IDC", "units2025Note": "IDC 2025 vendor table lists it among vendors with more than 100 units.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": null, "valuationUsd": null, "valuationAsOf": null, "valuationNote": null, "public": null, "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": null, "customers": [], "customersNote": null, "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [ "hs-d5932408f3" ] }, { "makerId": "tesla", "name": "Tesla (Optimus)", "country": "United States", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": "Omdia", "units2025Note": "Omdia's chart puts Tesla at about 150 units (Rest of World) or in a 150-500 range (China Daily); IDC says Optimus was still in internal testing. Missed its 5,000-unit 2025 goal.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": "Official production count still zero as of Jul 2026 (Motley Fool); first Fremont robots go to an internal 'Optimus Academy'.", "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "Listed company.", "valuationUsd": null, "valuationAsOf": "2026-07", "valuationNote": "Left out of the valuation ranking: $1.5T is the market value of all of Tesla, not Optimus. Market cap of Tesla Inc. (~$1.5T, Motley Fool), not an Optimus-specific value.", "public": "TSLA (Nasdaq)", "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": "Left out of the capacity ranking: the 1 million a year figure comes from secondary write-ups, not a Tesla filing. Target: Fremont line designed for about 1 million Optimus a year (reported from Musk's Q4 2025 call; secondary sources); Giga Texas site with eventual 10 million/yr (reported). Production start 'late July/August 2026'.", "customers": [ "Tesla factories (internal)" ], "customersNote": null, "statedAmbition": "Optimus 'useful outside of Tesla sometime next year' (Musk, Q1 2026 call); Fremont ~1M/yr then Texas ~10M/yr (targets, reported).", "sources": [ "hs-59097e548b", "hs-9fba0701b7", "hs-d5932408f3", "hs-803f15af8f", "hs-5898d9e278", "hs-95beca9534" ] }, { "makerId": "figure-ai", "name": "Figure AI", "country": "United States", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": "Omdia", "units2025Note": "Omdia's chart puts Figure at about 150 units in 2025 (Rest of World; China Daily gives a 150-500 range). IDC: tens of units.", "unitsCumulative": 740, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": "2026-06", "unitsCumulativeNote": "About 740 robots deployed by June 2026 (founder, via The Daily Star, 22 June 2026); 350+ Figure 03 delivered by Apr 2026; output ~1 robot/hour (Figure AI, 29 Apr 2026; company claims).", "fundingTotalUsd": 1900000000, "fundingNote": "$70M (May 2023), $675M at $2.6B (Feb 2024), over $1B Series C led by Parkway (Sept 2025). Forbes says $1.9B raised; Tech Funding News says $2.34B.", "valuationUsd": 39000000000, "valuationAsOf": "2025-09", "valuationNote": "Private, $39B post-money (Series C, company).", "public": null, "capacityPerYear": 12000, "capacityNote": "BotQ first line: up to 12,000 humanoids a year (company, Mar 2025).", "customers": [ "BMW" ], "customersNote": "BMW partnership since Jan 2024 (Fortune questioned its scale). Home leasing at ~$600/month planned.", "statedAmbition": "Supply chain for about 100,000 robots within four years (company, Mar 2025).", "sources": [ "hs-ed2e3857d5", "hs-5ecae2c8f8", "hs-59eb9c8c11", "hs-b387d03305", "hs-a39c4352e5", "hs-ac0c97100a", "hs-59097e548b", "hs-d5932408f3" ] }, { "makerId": "agility", "name": "Agility Robotics", "country": "United States", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": "Omdia", "units2025Note": "Omdia's chart puts Agility at about 150 units (Rest of World; China Daily 150-500 range). IDC: tens of units.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": "Digit runs in nine customer facilities with 65,000+ operating hours (company, Jun 2026).", "fundingTotalUsd": 683000000, "fundingNote": "Last priced round $150M Series C (Oct 2024, $1.2B). Total $683M per Tech Funding News (other tallies ~$438M). SPAC with Churchill Capital XI expected to add $620M+ incl. Foxconn-led PIPE.", "valuationUsd": 2500000000, "valuationAsOf": "2026-06", "valuationNote": "SPAC deal value $2.5B (announced Jun 2026; pending, ticker AGLT on Nasdaq).", "public": null, "capacityPerYear": 10000, "capacityNote": "RoboFab, Salem, Oregon: designed to eventually make up to 10,000 robots a year (company).", "customers": [ "GXO", "Schaeffler", "Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada", "Mercado Libre", "Amazon (pilot)" ], "customersNote": "$300M+ in multi-year Digit v5 orders, milestone-dependent (company).", "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [ "hs-ea7c954e5a", "hs-f7827b4102", "hs-ac0c97100a", "hs-59097e548b", "hs-d5932408f3" ] }, { "makerId": "apptronik", "name": "Apptronik", "country": "United States", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": "IDC", "units2025Note": "IDC: tens of units in 2025; no exact figure.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": 966000000, "fundingNote": "Series A $403-415M (2025, Google among investors) plus $520M extension (Feb 2026; B Capital, Google, Mercedes-Benz, AT&T, John Deere, QIA). Series A over $935M; total nearly $966M-$1B.", "valuationUsd": 5300000000, "valuationAsOf": "2026-02", "valuationNote": "Private, about $5.3B as listed by Tech Funding News (other reports $5B-$5.5B); company did not disclose.", "public": null, "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": "No capacity figure; Jabil is manufacturing partner.", "customers": [ "Mercedes-Benz", "GXO", "Jabil", "Google DeepMind (AI partner)" ], "customersNote": null, "statedAmbition": "New robot version in 2026; expand into retail, manufacturing, logistics, later healthcare and home (company).", "sources": [ "hs-6104cf7954", "hs-ac0c97100a", "hs-d5932408f3" ] }, { "makerId": "boston-dynamics", "name": "Boston Dynamics", "country": "United States", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": null, "units2025Note": "Electric Atlas not sold in 2025; no humanoid unit figure.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "Owned by Hyundai Motor Group (80% bought 2021 for ~$880M; remaining 9.65% from SoftBank for ~$325M, Jul 2026).", "valuationUsd": 3300000000, "valuationAsOf": "2026-07", "valuationNote": "Implied valuation about $3.3B from the Jul 2026 SoftBank stake sale (Tech Funding News).", "public": null, "capacityPerYear": 30000, "capacityNote": "Target: Hyundai plan for 30,000 humanoids a year; 25,000+ to Hyundai and Kia plants, rest sold.", "customers": [ "Hyundai Motor Group", "Kia" ], "customersNote": "Production Atlas to start at Hyundai's Georgia plant in 2028, assembly work by 2030.", "statedAmbition": "30,000 humanoids a year, Atlas in Hyundai's Georgia plant from 2028 (Hyundai plan).", "sources": [ "hs-43f3296846", "hs-ac0c97100a" ] }, { "makerId": "1x", "name": "1X Technologies", "country": "Norway", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": null, "units2025Note": "NEO deliveries scheduled for 2026; no 2025 shipments.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": "First-year NEO output sold out within five days of Oct 2025 preorders (company).", "fundingTotalUsd": 123500000, "fundingNote": "Disclosed rounds: $23.5M Series A2 (OpenAI Startup Fund, 2023) and $100M Series B (EQT, Jan 2024). A raise of up to $1B at $10B+ was reported but not confirmed.", "valuationUsd": null, "valuationAsOf": null, "valuationNote": "No confirmed valuation.", "public": null, "capacityPerYear": 10000, "capacityNote": "Hayward, California factory: about 10,000 NEO in the first year (company).", "customers": [], "customersNote": "NEO at $20,000 or $499/month.", "statedAmbition": "100,000 units by end of 2027 (company, May 2026).", "sources": [ "hs-80fe9d2e26", "hs-d67432039c" ] }, { "makerId": "foundation-future-industries", "name": "Foundation Future Industries", "country": "United States", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": null, "units2025Note": "No sales figure published.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "Seeking up to $500M (Jan 2026, Newcomer); earlier totals not confirmed from a primary source.", "valuationUsd": null, "valuationAsOf": null, "valuationNote": "Reportedly seeking a valuation upwards of $3B; not confirmed closed.", "public": null, "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": null, "customers": [], "customersNote": "US military research contracts reported; two Phantom MK-1 units tested in Ukraine (reported).", "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [ "hs-686c83b35f" ] }, { "makerId": "sanctuary-ai", "name": "Sanctuary AI", "country": "Canada", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": null, "units2025Note": "No unit figure found.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "Not re-verified in this pass.", "valuationUsd": null, "valuationAsOf": null, "valuationNote": null, "public": null, "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": null, "customers": [], "customersNote": null, "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [] }, { "makerId": "dexmate", "name": "Dexmate", "country": "United States", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": null, "units2025Note": "No unit figure found.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "Not verified in this pass.", "valuationUsd": null, "valuationAsOf": null, "valuationNote": null, "public": null, "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": null, "customers": [], "customersNote": null, "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [] }, { "makerId": "clone", "name": "Clone Robotics", "country": "Poland", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": null, "units2025Note": "No unit figure found.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "Not verified in this pass.", "valuationUsd": null, "valuationAsOf": null, "valuationNote": null, "public": null, "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": null, "customers": [], "customersNote": null, "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [] }, { "makerId": "neura", "name": "NEURA Robotics", "country": "Germany", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": null, "units2025Note": "4NE-1 large-scale shipments expected from late 2026; no 2025 unit figure.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": 1840000000, "fundingNote": "Series C of up to $1.4B led by Tether (Jun 2026; Amazon, NVIDIA, Qualcomm, Bosch, Schaeffler, EIB), paid in milestone tranches. Total ~$1.84B per Tech Funding News.", "valuationUsd": 7000000000, "valuationAsOf": "2026-06", "valuationNote": "About $7B, described as an estimate by Tech Funding News; company did not disclose.", "public": null, "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": "No capacity figure.", "customers": [], "customersNote": "EUR 1B order backlog (company).", "statedAmbition": "5 million robots by 2030 (company).", "sources": [ "hs-89561e3239", "hs-ac0c97100a" ] }, { "makerId": "humanoid", "name": "Humanoid (SKL Robotics)", "country": "United Kingdom", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": null, "units2025Note": "No commercial units shipped (Jul 2026).", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": "Company claims 34,000 pre-orders worth $2.4B.", "fundingTotalUsd": 270000000, "fundingNote": "$152M Series A led by Prime Movers Lab (21 Jul 2026; Bosch, Schaeffler, Fubon); ~$270M since 2024.", "valuationUsd": 1350000000, "valuationAsOf": "2026-07", "valuationNote": "Private, $1.35B.", "public": null, "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": "Bosch to act as contract manufacturer; no capacity figure.", "customers": [ "Bosch (contract manufacturer)" ], "customersNote": null, "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [ "hs-4caba1e8bb", "hs-ac0c97100a" ] }, { "makerId": "pal", "name": "PAL Robotics", "country": "Spain", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": null, "units2025Note": "No unit figure published.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": "Robots in 30+ countries, 200 partners (company).", "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "Privately held; no venture rounds found.", "valuationUsd": null, "valuationAsOf": null, "valuationNote": null, "public": null, "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": null, "customers": [], "customersNote": null, "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [ "hs-8552ada756" ] }, { "makerId": "engineered-arts", "name": "Engineered Arts", "country": "United Kingdom", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": null, "units2025Note": "No annual figure.", "unitsCumulative": 250, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": "2026-10", "unitsCumulativeNote": "Company figure: 250+ robots deployed, 200+ installations, 30+ countries (website). Mostly entertainment humanoids (Ameca, RoboThespian).", "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": null, "valuationUsd": null, "valuationAsOf": null, "valuationNote": null, "public": null, "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": null, "customers": [ "Tech Museum of Innovation" ], "customersNote": null, "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [ "hs-9dc0728623" ] }, { "makerId": "mentee", "name": "Mentee Robotics (Mobileye)", "country": "Israel", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": null, "units2025Note": "Pre-commercial; first customer proof-of-concept deployments planned for 2026.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "Acquired by Mobileye.", "valuationUsd": 900000000, "valuationAsOf": "2026-01", "valuationNote": "Acquisition price: ~$900M ($612M cash plus up to 26.2M Mobileye shares), announced 6 Jan 2026.", "public": "MBLY (parent, Nasdaq)", "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": null, "customers": [], "customersNote": null, "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [ "hs-308a81bf0a" ] }, { "makerId": "rainbow", "name": "Rainbow Robotics (Samsung)", "country": "South Korea", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": null, "units2025Note": "No humanoid unit figure.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "Samsung raised its stake to 35% via a call option for Won267.46bn ($182.33M), announced 31 Dec 2024; now a Samsung subsidiary.", "valuationUsd": null, "valuationAsOf": null, "valuationNote": "Listed; market cap not captured.", "public": "277810 (KOSDAQ)", "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": null, "customers": [ "Samsung Electronics (parent)" ], "customersNote": null, "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [ "hs-80b6e17b45", "hs-578760cbba" ] }, { "makerId": "lg-electronics", "name": "LG Electronics", "country": "South Korea", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": null, "units2025Note": "No humanoid sales figure.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "Listed company.", "valuationUsd": null, "valuationAsOf": null, "valuationNote": null, "public": "066570 (KRX)", "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": null, "customers": [], "customersNote": "LG Technology Ventures invested in Figure's Series C.", "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [ "hs-ed2e3857d5" ] }, { "makerId": "kawasaki", "name": "Kawasaki Heavy Industries", "country": "Japan", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": null, "units2025Note": "Kaleido is a research platform; no sales figure.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "Listed company.", "valuationUsd": null, "valuationAsOf": null, "valuationNote": null, "public": "7012 (TSE)", "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": null, "customers": [], "customersNote": null, "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [] }, { "makerId": "toyota", "name": "Toyota (Toyota Research Institute)", "country": "Japan", "units2025": null, "units2025Source": null, "units2025Note": "No commercial humanoid sales.", "unitsCumulative": null, "unitsCumulativeAsOf": null, "unitsCumulativeNote": null, "fundingTotalUsd": null, "fundingNote": "Listed parent.", "valuationUsd": null, "valuationAsOf": null, "valuationNote": null, "public": "7203 (TSE)", "capacityPerYear": null, "capacityNote": null, "customers": [], "customersNote": "Toyota Motor Manufacturing Canada is an Agility Digit customer.", "statedAmbition": null, "sources": [ "hs-ea7c954e5a" ] } ], "marketShare": [ { "source": "Omdia 2025", "year": 2025, "period": "FY2025", "total": 13000, "note": "Total 'about 13,000' (SCMP gives 13,318). Unitree 32% as reported by SCMP; UBTECH share not published. Leju, EngineAI, Fourier, Figure, Agility and Tesla in a 150-500 unit band each (China Daily); Rest of World reads the three US firms as about 150 each. Unitree disputes its figure (company says 5,500+).", "url": "https://technode.com/2026/01/09/chinas-agibot-leads-global-humanoid-robot-shipments-in-2025-omdia-says/", "shares": [ { "makerId": "agibot", "units": 5168, "pct": 39 }, { "makerId": "unitree", "units": 4200, "pct": 32 }, { "makerId": "ubtech", "units": 1000, "pct": null } ] }, { "source": "IDC 2025", "year": 2025, "period": "FY2025", "total": 18000, "note": "IDC: ~18,000 units, ~$440M revenue, 35,000+ cumulative orders. Units are IDC's rounded 'about' figures. 400-1,000 band: Galbot, UBTECH, EngineAI, Astribot. 100+ band: Robotera, MagicLab, X-Humanoid, Galaxea, others. US (Apptronik, Figure, Agility): tens each. Chinese name mapping (Zhiyuan=AgiBot, Accelerated Evolution=Booster, Songyan Dynamics=Noetix) is ours.", "url": "https://itbrief.co.uk/story/chinese-vendors-dominate-humanoid-robot-market-in-2025", "shares": [ { "makerId": "agibot", "units": 5000, "pct": null }, { "makerId": "unitree", "units": 5000, "pct": null }, { "makerId": "leju", "units": 1000, "pct": null }, { "makerId": "booster", "units": 1000, "pct": null }, { "makerId": "noetix", "units": 1000, "pct": null } ] }, { "source": "IDC H1 2026", "year": 2026, "period": "H1 2026", "total": 25000, "note": "IDC: nearly 25,000 units, up 432.1% YoY, value above $740M. AgiBot figure reported via AgiBot; IDC's full vendor table not public.", "url": "https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2026/10/02/idc-data-shows-agibot-led-global-humanoid-robot-shipments-in-h1-2026/105463/", "shares": [ { "makerId": "agibot", "units": 8600, "pct": 35 } ] }, { "source": "Smart Analytics Global H1 2026", "year": 2026, "period": "H1 2026", "total": 19100, "note": "SAG via China Daily (Aug 2026): Chinese makers above 97%; forecast ~60,000 for full-year 2026.", "url": "https://www.chinadailyhk.com/article/637755", "shares": [ { "makerId": "agibot", "units": 8400, "pct": 44 }, { "makerId": "unitree", "units": 5900, "pct": 31 } ] } ], "countryTotals": [ { "country": "China", "period": "FY2025", "units2025": null, "pct": 95, "note": "IDC: Chinese vendors ~95% of 2025 global shipments of more than 18,000 units (IDC Apr 2026). IDC's Lily Li separately quoted 'nearly 90%' (Rest of World). No unit total published.", "url": "https://www.idc.com/?p=114012" }, { "country": "China", "period": "H1 2026", "units2025": null, "unitsH1_2026": 19000, "pct": 77.9, "note": "IDC: shipments in China above 19,000 units, 77.9% of ~25,000 global (by market location); Chinese manufacturers above 95% of global shipments.", "url": "https://www.webull.com/news/15660109226968065" }, { "country": "China", "period": "H1 2026", "units2025": null, "unitsH1_2026": 18500, "pct": 97, "note": "Smart Analytics Global: Chinese makers shipped over 18,500 of ~19,100 units (vendor nationality).", "url": "https://www.chinadailyhk.com/article/637755" }, { "country": "China", "period": "2026 forecast", "units2025": null, "pct": null, "note": "TrendForce: China humanoid output to grow up to 94% in 2026; Unitree and AgiBot to hold nearly 80% of shipments.", "url": "https://www.trendforce.com/presscenter/news/20260409-13007.html" }, { "country": "United States", "period": "FY2025", "units2025": null, "pct": null, "note": "IDC: Apptronik, Figure AI and Agility shipped tens of units each; Tesla in internal testing. Omdia: Figure, Agility, Tesla in a 150-500 band each. No US total published.", "url": "https://itbrief.co.uk/story/chinese-vendors-dominate-humanoid-robot-market-in-2025" } ] }