Valkyrie (R5) vs Robonaut 2 (R2) vs Robonaut 1

Measure	Valkyrie (R5)	Robonaut 2 (R2)	Robonaut 1
Maker	NASA Johnson Space Center	NASA Johnson Space Center and General Motors	NASA Johnson Space Center with DARPA
Country	United States	United States	United States
Status	Research	Retired	Retired
First shown	2013-12	2010-02-04	1997
Released	—	—	—
Price	—	—	—
Height	188 cm	102 cm	—
Weight	136 kg	149.7 kg	—
Top speed	—	—	—
Payload	—	9 kg	—
Battery	—	—	—
Joints (DoF)	44 best	42	43
Moves on	Legs	Stationary	Stationary
Hands	dexterous	dexterous	dexterous
Built for	research, space	space, industrial, research	space, research
Units built or sold	Never sold; units loaned to research groups (NASA)	Never sold; about US$2.5 million per robot	R1A and R1B prototypes, with later R1C development (NASA). · Never sold

Figures are what makers or the press published; “—” means not published. Each robot's profile links to its sources.

Popular comparisons

Well-known robots paired only when they move the same way, are at the same stage and share a main job. How we choose

• Digit 5 vs Optimus Gen 2
• Optimus Gen 2 vs IRON (next generation)
• Atlas (product version) vs Figure 03
• Apollo 2 vs Figure 03
• NEO (home robot) vs Figure 03
• Apollo 2 vs Atlas (product version)
• Digit 5 vs IRON (next generation)
• Unitree Dual-Arm Humanoid (R1-A5 / R1-A7 / R1-A5-D / R1-A7-D) vs D1
• Feather vs Unitree Dual-Arm Humanoid (R1-A5 / R1-A7 / R1-A5-D / R1-A7-D)
• AI Worker vs Unitree Dual-Arm Humanoid (R1-A5 / R1-A7 / R1-A5-D / R1-A7-D)
• Galbot S1 vs Unitree Dual-Arm Humanoid (R1-A5 / R1-A7 / R1-A5-D / R1-A7-D)
• MagicBot D1 vs Unitree Dual-Arm Humanoid (R1-A5 / R1-A7 / R1-A5-D / R1-A7-D)

How comparisons are chosen

Every robot page, the suggestions above and the popular list follow the same rules, so a comparison is never a random pick. You can still compare any two robots yourself with the menus at the top.

1. Like with like. Humanoids are compared with humanoids, and a machine only with its own type: a robot dog with robot dogs.
2. Another maker. A maker’s own models are listed on its page instead.
3. Moves the same way. Walking robots with walking robots, wheeled with wheeled, fixed upper bodies with fixed upper bodies.
4. Same stage. Robots on sale or in pilots with each other; prototypes with prototypes; research platforms with research platforms; past robots with robots of their time.
5. A shared main job. At least one job in common, such as factory work, retail or care. Broad labels like research, education or general-purpose only count when a robot has nothing more specific.
6. Close in time, size and price. First shown within two years, in the same size class (full size from 150 cm, mid size 100 to 149 cm, small under 100 cm) and priced within three times of each other when both prices are published. If fewer than two robots pass, these three are relaxed and the page says the matches are the nearest ones.

Under each peer’s name, the page lists which of these it shares. Closer size and price, and more jobs in common, put a robot higher in the list.